3. パイ - jica · 2012. 5. 14. · overview of programmatic cdm (poa) 21/09/2010 cdm7 8....
TRANSCRIPT
成果品成果品成果品成果品
1. 研修用プレゼンテーション資料研修用プレゼンテーション資料研修用プレゼンテーション資料研修用プレゼンテーション資料
2. 研修教材、トレーナー訓練用ガイドライン研修教材、トレーナー訓練用ガイドライン研修教材、トレーナー訓練用ガイドライン研修教材、トレーナー訓練用ガイドライン
3. パイロットプロジェクトのパイロットプロジェクトのパイロットプロジェクトのパイロットプロジェクトの PIN/PDD
4. データベース仕様データベース仕様データベース仕様データベース仕様
成果品成果品成果品成果品 1111:研修用プレゼンテーション資料:研修用プレゼンテーション資料:研修用プレゼンテーション資料:研修用プレゼンテーション資料
Items Training Topics Date No.1. Background and history of CDM/ current situation and issues 20/04/2010 CDM12. Technical aspects of baseline determination 27/04/2010 CDM23. Overview of large-scale/small-scale methodologies 25/05/2010 CDM34. Technical aspects of additionality demonstration 06/07/2010 CDM45. Measures to obtain CER of CDM project 07/09/2010 CDM56. Validation and Verification including communication with DOE 07/09/2010 CDM67. Overview of programmatic CDM (PoA) 21/09/2010 CDM78. Exercise: Programmatic CDM (PoA) 21/09/2010 CDM89. Development of CDM project activity 28/09/2010 CDM910. AR-CDM/current situation and issues 23/11/2010 CDM101. Background, history and overview of carbon trading markets in the world 20/04/2010 CT12. Overview of European Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) and Tokyo ETS 27/04/2010 CT23. Overview of emission trading systems in the United States, and future internationaltrading system in post 2012 22/06/2010 CT34. Overview of voluntary emission trading system in Japan - J-VER 29/06/2010 CT45. Overview of national registry system 06/07/2010 CT56. Japan's Voluntary Emission trading Scheme (J-VETS) 10/05/2011 CT6
1. Overview of UNFCCC and international negotiations: from establishment to present 20/04/2010 UN12. UNFCCC and key international negotiations after COP 3 27/04/2010 UN23. Overview of international negotiations over post-2012 mechanisms 25/05/2010 UN34. Overview of international negotiations by EU and the United States over post-2012mechanisms 22/06/2010 UN45. MRV/NAMA/ SCM 29/06/2010 UN56. Exercise: MRV/NAMA/SCM 29/06/2010 UN67. REDD/ carbon sink 06/07/2010 UN78. Exercise: REDD/ carbon sink 06/07/2010 UN89. UNFCCC Structure & Negotiations :Technology Transfer 11/01/2011 UN910. Exercise: UNFCCC Structure & Negotiations :Technology Transfer 11/01/2011 UN101. International trend in GHG mitigation measures 28/09/2010 GHG12. Monitoring of contribution to the sustainable development by mitigation measures,including co-benefit approach 19/10/2010 GHG23. Importance of low carbon society/low carbon city 19/10/2010 GHG34. Mitigation measures in commercial building and residential sectors 23/11/2010 GHG45. Exercise: Quantification of GHG emission reduction with MRV (commercial buildingand residential sectors) 23/11/2010 GHG56. Mitigation measures in waste management sector 23/11/2010 GHG67. Exercise: Quantification of GHG emission reduction with MRV (waste managementsector) 23/11/2010 GHG78. Mitigation measures in energy and industry sectors 18/01/2011 GHG89. Exercise: Quantification of GHG emission reduction with MRV (energy and industrysectors) 18/01/2011 GHG910. Mitigation measures in transportation sector 15/02/2011 GHG10
11. Exercise: Quantification of GHG emission reduction with MRV (transportation sector) 15/02/2011 GHG111. Overview of carbon footprint concept and current situation of the system in the world 12/10/2010 FP12. LCA related issues 12/10/2010 FP23. Calculation of carbon footprint 12/10/2010 FP34. Issues in implementation and dissemination of carbon footprint system 19/10/2010 FP45. Issues in carbon footprint system for sevices -Example of printing servises- 22/02/2011 FP56. Carbon footprint for organization 10/05/2011 FP61. Overview of IPCC Guideline 07/09/2010 INV12. Introduction of GHG inventory of Japan and Thailand 14/09/2010 INV2
3. Overview of energy sector 14/09/2010 INV34. Overview of industrial processes and product use sector (IPPU) 14/09/2010 INV4
5. Overview of agriculture, forestry, and other land-use sector (AFOLU) 21/09/2010 INV56. Overview of waste sector 28/09/2010 INV67. Overview of QA/QC of IPCC Guidelines and example of QA/QC measures taken in Japan11/01/2011 INV7
8. Analysis of key categories and assessment of uncertainties, example from Japanese cases 15/02/2011 INV89. Review and Practice of Greenhouse Gas Inventory 22/02/2011 INV910. Exercise: Review and Practice of Greenhouse Gas Inventory 22/02/2011 INV10
JICA Training SeminarSession Topics
CDM
Carbon Trading
GHG Inventory
UNFCCCStructure andNegotiations
CarbonFootprint
GHGMitigation in
relevant sectors
A1-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XThu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri X
10:00-12:00 CDM1 CDM2
13:00-15:00 CT1 CT215:00-17:00 UN1 UN2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon
10:00-12:00
13:00-15:00 CDM3
15:00-17:00 UN3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XTue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed X
10:00-12:00 CDM4 CT413:00-15:00 CT3 UN515:00-17:00 UN4 UN6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
10:00-12:00 CT513:00-15:00 UN715:00-17:00 UN8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XWed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu X
10:00-12:00 CDM5 INV2 INV5 GHG1
13:00-15:00 CDM6 INV3 CDM7 CDM9
15:00-17:00 INV1 INV4 CDM8 INV6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
10:00-12:00 FP1 FP413:00-15:00 FP2 GHG2
15:00-17:00 FP3 GHG3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XMon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue X
10:00-12:00 GHG4/5
13:00-15:00 GHG6/7
15:00-17:00 CDM10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon
10:00-12:00 UN9 GHG8
13:00-15:00 UN10 GHG9
15:00-17:00 INV7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 X X XTue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon X X X
10:00-12:00 GHG10 INV913:00-15:00 GHG11 INV1015:00-17:00 INV8 FP5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue
10:00-12:00 CT613:00-15:00 FP615:00-17:00
:CDM :carbon trading :GHG mitigation :UNFCCC structure and negotiation
:carbon footprint :GHG inventory
1st Qtr
Training hours
Training hours
JICA Training SeminarSession Schedule
Training hours
April
Training hours
Training hours
May
June
July
August
October
November
September
DecemberJanuary 2011
MarchApril
February
May
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours
Training hours4thQtr
3rdQtr
2ndQtr
A1-2
Th
e P
roje
ct
for
Ca
pa
cit
y D
eve
lopm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he K
ing
do
m o
f T
ha
ila
nd
CD
M 1
Bac
kgro
un
d a
nd
his
tory
of
CD
M/
curr
ent
situ
atio
n a
nd i
ssu
es
20th
April 2010
Chie
f Advis
or
of JI
CA E
xpert
Team
Masa
hik
o F
UJI
MO
TO
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
Co
nte
nts
•Back
gro
und o
f CD
M e
stablis
hm
ent
•H
isto
ry o
f ch
angin
g C
DM
•Curr
ent
situ
ation o
f CD
M
•Is
sues
about
CD
M
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
Bac
kgro
un
d
•IP
CC
Fir
st
Asse
ssm
en
t R
ep
ort
(FA
R)
(19
90
)
–In
terg
overn
menta
l Panel on C
limate
Change (
IPCC)
–Pro
vis
ion o
f F
AR
was
deci
ded in t
he 1
stco
nfe
rence
of
IPCC h
eld
in
Geneva,
in N
ovem
ber
1988
–Clim
ate
expert
s aro
und t
he w
orld a
ssess
ed a
nd s
ynth
esi
zed t
he m
ost
re
cent
clim
ate
-change iss
ues
in F
AR
–FAR
warn
ed t
hat
if a
nth
ropogenic
gre
enhouse
gase
s w
ill c
ontinue t
o b
e
em
itte
d t
o t
he a
tmosp
here
, cl
imate
change c
an o
ccur
that
may im
pose
m
ajo
r im
pact
s on e
cosy
stem
and h
um
an s
peci
es
•T
he
esta
bli
sh
me
nt
of
the
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s F
ram
ew
ork
C
on
ve
nti
on
on
Cli
ma
te C
ha
ng
e (
UN
FC
CC
) (1
99
2)
–The F
irst
Ass
ess
ment
Report
(FAR
) of
the I
PCC s
upport
ed t
he
est
ablis
hm
ent
of
the (
UN
FCCC a
t th
e U
nited N
ations
Confe
rence
on
Environm
ent
and D
evelo
pm
ent
(UN
CED
, co
mm
only
know
n a
s “T
he
Eart
h S
um
mit”)
held
in R
io d
e J
aneiro,
Bra
zil, in 1
992.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
His
tory
of
CD
M (
1)
•Berlin
Mandate(CO
P1, 1995)
–The B
erlin
Mandate
est
ablis
hes
a p
roce
ss t
hat
would
enable
the A
nnex I
co
untr
ies
to t
ake a
ppro
priate
act
ion f
or
the p
eriod b
eyond 2
000
•in
cludin
g a
str
ength
enin
g o
f develo
ped c
ountr
y c
om
mitm
ents
, th
rough t
he
adoption o
f a p
roto
col or
oth
er
legal in
stru
ments
–The B
erlin
Mandate
exem
pte
d n
on-A
nnex I
countr
ies
from
additio
nal
bin
din
g o
blig
ations
•Kyoto
Pro
toco
land C
DM
est
ablis
hm
ent(
CO
P3, 1997)
–M
ost
indust
rializ
ed n
ations
and s
om
e c
entr
al Euro
pean e
conom
ies
in
transi
tion (
all
defined a
s Annex B
countr
ies)
agre
ed t
o legally
bin
din
g
reduct
ions
in g
reenhouse
gas
em
issi
ons
of
an a
vera
ge o
f 6 t
o 8
% b
elo
w
1990 levels
betw
een t
he y
ears
2008-2
012
–K
yo
to P
roto
co
lpro
vid
es
for
severa
l flexib
le m
ech
anis
ms
(“Kyoto
M
ech
anis
m”)
whic
h e
nable
Annex I
countr
ies
to m
eet
their G
HG
em
issi
on t
arg
ets
by a
cquirin
g G
HG
em
issi
on r
educt
ions
credits
•Fle
xib
le m
ech
anis
ms
are
em
issi
ons
tradin
g, th
e c
lean d
evelo
pm
ent
mech
anis
m (
CD
M)
and join
t im
ple
menta
tion
(JI)
A1-3
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
•D
iscu
ssio
ns
on inst
itutional desi
gn o
f CD
M (
CO
P4~
CO
P 6
bis
)–
CO
P3 left
many
issu
es
about
inst
itutional desi
gn o
f CD
M r
em
ain
ed
unre
solv
ed.
�Aft
er
CO
P3, te
chnic
al analy
sis
and p
olit
ical negotiations
were
carr
ied
out
in C
OP a
nd s
ubsi
dia
ry b
ody (
SB).
-M
ajo
r poin
ts o
f dis
cuss
ion a
nd c
orr
esp
ondin
g d
eci
sions
are
as
belo
w:
•1 m
em
ber
from
each
of th
e f
ive U
nited N
ations
regio
nal gro
ups,
•1 m
em
ber
from
the s
mall
isla
nd d
evelo
pin
g S
tate
s,
•2 m
em
bers
fro
m A
nnex I
countr
ies,
•2 m
em
bers
fro
m n
on-A
nnex I
countr
ies
(plu
s one “
altern
ate
mem
ber”
from
each
of
the a
bove
gro
ups)
Mem
bers
of th
e C
DM
execu
tive b
oard
:
Option1:
8 m
em
bers
fro
m A
nnex I
countr
ies,
and
8 m
em
bers
fro
m n
on-A
nnex I
countr
ies
Option2:
3 m
em
bers
fro
m e
ach
of
the f
ive U
nited
Nations
regio
nal gro
ups
•The c
once
pt
of
‘fungib
ility
’am
ong t
he t
hre
e
mech
anis
ms
(ET, CD
M,
JI)
was
acc
epte
d.
The c
once
pt
of
‘fungib
ility
’am
ong t
he t
hre
e
mech
anis
ms
(ET, CD
M,
JI)
of th
e P
roto
col is
unacc
epta
ble
. (F
CCC/
SB/1
999/8
)
•Lim
itation o
f ca
rbon c
redits
acq
uired w
as
not
defined.
Lim
itation o
f am
ounts
of ca
rbon c
redits
acq
uired b
y
Annex I
Part
ies
from
all
thre
e m
ech
anis
ms
(ET, CD
M,
JI)
should
be s
et
if t
hey u
tiliz
e c
arb
on c
redits
to
com
ply
with p
art
of
quantified e
mis
sion lim
itation o
r re
duct
ion c
om
mitm
ents
. (F
CCC/
SB/1
999/8
)
Deci
sion
Poin
ts o
f D
iscu
ssio
n
His
tory
of
CD
M (
2)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
Public
fundin
g f
or
CD
M p
roje
cts
from
Annex I
Part
ies
is n
ot
to r
esu
lt in t
he
div
ers
ion o
f off
icia
l develo
pm
ent
ass
ista
nce
(O
DA).
[Curr
ently, O
DA c
an b
e u
sed f
or
CD
M
pro
ject
s as
long a
s host
countr
y a
nd
invest
ing c
ountr
y d
ecl
are
such
OD
A is
not
div
ert
ed.]
If f
undin
g p
rovid
ed t
hro
ugh o
ffic
ial develo
pm
ent
ass
ista
nce
(O
DA)
is a
dditio
nal to
the c
urr
ent
OD
A, its
fundin
g c
an b
e
utiliz
ed f
or
CD
M p
roje
cts.
It is
the h
ost
Part
y’s
pre
rogative t
o
confirm
wheth
er
a C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity
ass
ists
it
in a
chie
vin
g s
ust
ain
able
develo
pm
ent
[Sin
ce S
D c
ontr
ibution h
as
not
been
evalu
ate
d,
altern
ative a
ppro
ach
such
as
co-b
enefit
appro
ach
is
dra
win
g incr
easi
ng
att
ention.]
Crite
ria
for
dete
rmin
ation o
f w
heth
er
a p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
contr
ibute
s to
the s
ust
ain
able
develo
pm
ent:
•O
ption 1
: it is
made s
ole
ly b
y n
on-A
nnex I
countr
y
•O
ption 2
: it is
speci
fied b
y n
on-A
nnex I
countr
y in its
lett
er
of Endors
em
ent
•O
ption 3
: it is
made b
y n
on-A
nnex I
countr
y u
sing
pro
cedure
s develo
ped b
y t
he U
nited N
ations
Environm
ent
Pro
gra
mm
e(U
NEP)
and t
he C
om
mis
sion o
n S
ust
ain
able
D
evelo
pm
ent
(CSD
) as
they b
eco
me a
vaila
ble
•O
ption 4
:It
is m
ade b
y n
on-A
nnex I
countr
y u
sing
inte
rnational guid
elin
es,
indic
ato
rs a
nd/o
r st
andard
s develo
ped b
y t
he P
art
ies
•O
ption 5
:It
is m
ade b
y n
on-A
nnex I
countr
y a
nd c
onfirm
ed in
a w
ritt
en s
tate
ment
Deci
sion
Poin
ts o
f D
iscu
ssio
n
His
tory
of
CD
M (
3)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
His
tory
of
CD
M (
4)
Base
lines
are
est
ablis
hed o
n a
pro
ject
-sp
eci
fic
basi
s.
[Curr
ently, dis
cuss
ions
are
resu
med in
the p
ost
-2012 fra
mew
ork
, su
ch a
s in
SCM
.]
Base
line e
stablis
hm
ent:
Option 1
: Base
lines
shall
be e
stablis
hed o
n a
pro
ject
-speci
fic
basi
s
Option2 :
Base
lines
may u
se e
ither
pro
ject
-speci
fic
or
multi-
pro
ject
base
line m
eth
odolo
gie
s
The r
isk-a
dju
sted inte
rnal ra
te o
f re
turn
and t
he t
hre
shold
crite
rion f
or
additio
nalit
y w
ere
not
adopte
d.
[Curr
ently,
in d
em
onst
rating
additio
nalit
y o
f a p
roje
ct t
hat
genera
tes
inco
me o
ther
than C
ER s
ale
s, it
is
ess
ential to
show
in P
DD
the f
inanci
al
perf
orm
ance
of th
e p
roje
ct u
sing I
RR.]
Crite
ria o
f in
vest
ment
additio
nalit
y:
Option 1
: In
vest
ment
additio
nalit
y is
giv
en if th
e r
isk-a
dju
sted
inte
rnal ra
te o
f re
turn
of
the C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity is
belo
w X
%. The e
xecu
tive b
oard
dete
rmin
es
a c
ountr
y-
speci
fic
risk
adju
stm
ent
fact
or
and t
he v
alu
e o
f X %
.
Option 2
: The t
hre
shold
crite
rion f
or
additio
nalit
y is
est
ablis
hed.
The d
esi
gnate
d o
pera
tional entity
dete
rmin
es
it is
pro
perly a
pplie
d.
Deci
sion
Poin
ts o
f D
iscu
ssio
n
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
It w
as
not
adopte
d.
A b
ase
line c
hose
nfo
r a n
ew
act
ivity o
r fa
cilit
y in s
ect
ors
of
heavy
indust
ry a
nd h
eat
and/o
r pow
er
supply
shall
at
least
reach
a
level of
stringency
equal to
the t
op [
20%
] of
all
such
sourc
es
const
ruct
ed in t
he last
3 y
ears
in P
art
ies
incl
uded in A
nnex I
I.
Pro
ject
part
icip
ants
shall
sele
ct f
rom
am
ong t
he f
ollo
win
g a
ppro
ach
es
the o
ne
deem
ed m
ost
appro
priate
for
the p
roje
ct
act
ivity.
(a)
Exis
ting a
ctual or
his
torical em
issi
ons,
as
applic
able
; or
(b)
Em
issi
ons
from
a t
echnolo
gy t
hat
repre
sents
an e
conom
ically
att
ract
ive c
ours
e
of act
ion, ta
kin
g into
acc
ount
barr
iers
to
invest
ment;
or
(c)
The a
vera
ge e
mis
sion o
r re
moval
rate
s of
sim
ilar
pro
ject
s act
ivitie
s undert
aken in t
he p
revio
us
five y
ears
, in
si
mila
r so
cial, e
conom
ic, environm
enta
l and t
ech
nolo
gic
al ci
rcum
stance
s, a
nd
whose
perf
orm
ance
is
am
ong t
he t
op 2
0
perc
ent
of th
eir c
ate
gory
.
Appro
ach
for
sele
ctin
g b
ase
line m
eth
odolo
gy:
Pro
ject
part
icip
ants
shall
sele
ct t
he low
est
fro
m a
mong t
he
follo
win
g a
ppro
ach
es.
(a)
Exis
ting a
ctual or
his
torica
l em
issi
ons,
as
applic
able
;
(b)
Em
issi
ons
from
a t
ech
nolo
gy t
hat
repre
sents
an e
conom
ically
att
ract
ive c
ours
e o
f act
ion, ta
kin
g into
acc
ount
barr
iers
to
invest
ment;
or
(c)
Option 1
: The a
vera
ge e
mis
sions
of th
e t
op [
20%
] of su
ch
act
ivitie
s in
the A
nnex I
or
host
Part
y o
r an a
ppro
priate
regio
nundert
aken d
uring t
he p
revio
us
two y
ears
.
Option 2
: Rece
ntly u
ndert
aken c
om
para
ble
act
ivitie
s or
faci
litie
s,
such
as,
for
exam
ple
, th
e a
vera
ge e
mis
sions
rate
of
com
para
ble
pro
ject
s act
ivitie
s th
at
were
undert
aken d
uring t
he p
revio
us
five
years
in A
nnex I
or
host
Part
y o
r an a
ppro
priate
regio
n.
Deci
sion
Poin
ts o
f D
iscu
ssio
n
His
tory
of
CD
M (
5)
A1-4
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
Posi
tive lis
t w
as
not
pro
vid
ed.
The c
ate
gories
of sm
all
scale
CD
M
(renew
able
energ
y, energ
y e
ffic
iency
im
pro
vem
ent,
and o
thers
) and t
heir
limitation w
ere
est
ablis
hed.
[Curr
ently, sm
all-
scale
CD
M s
truct
ure
in
the p
ost
-2012 fra
mew
ork
is
dis
cuss
ed]
Posi
tive lis
t of sa
fe a
nd e
nvironm
enta
lly s
ound e
ligib
le p
roje
cts
in C
DM
, base
d o
n t
he f
ollo
win
g c
ate
gories,
takin
g into
acc
ount
the n
ational priority
needs
of each
Non-A
nnex I
Part
y:
(a)
Renew
able
energ
y,
(b)
Energ
y e
ffic
iency
,
(c)
Dem
and-s
ide m
anagem
ent,
(d)
Sust
ain
able
land-u
se, la
nd-u
se c
hange a
nd f
ore
stry
act
ivitie
s
Part
ies
incl
uded in A
nnex I
are
to r
efr
ain
fr
om
usi
ng c
ert
ifie
d e
mis
sion r
educt
ions
genera
ted f
rom
nucl
ear
faci
litie
s to
meet
their c
om
mitm
ents
.
[Curr
ently, w
heth
er
to incl
ude n
ucl
ear
faci
litie
s in
CD
M a
fter
2012 is
dis
cuss
ed.]
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
itie
s sh
all
not
incl
ude t
he u
se o
f nucl
ear
pow
er
and larg
e s
cale
hydro
pow
er
pla
nt.
Deci
sion
Poin
ts o
f D
iscu
ssio
n
His
tory
of
CD
M (
6)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
•M
arr
akech
Acc
ord
(CO
P7)
2001
–Bonn A
gre
em
ent
in C
OP6 b
isw
as
adopte
d
•In
stitutional desi
gn o
f CD
M w
as
appro
ved
–Show
n in “
Deci
sions”
colu
mns
in p
revio
us
slid
es
–Speci
fic
CD
M o
pera
tional ru
les
were
deci
ded
–1stCD
M E
xecu
tive B
oard
meeting w
as
held
His
tory
of
CD
M (
7)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
Ch
ang
ing
CD
M (
1)
Majo
r deci
sions/
changes
in C
DM
syst
em
(post
-M
arr
akech
Acc
ord
2008 t
o p
rese
nt)
Maxim
um
ceili
ng for
small-
scale
pro
ject
act
ivity w
as
rais
ed f
or
energ
y e
ffic
iency
(Type I
I) a
nd
oth
er
types
(Type I
II).
Expansi
on o
f sm
all-
scale
elig
ibili
ty
Nov 2
006
(CO
P/
MO
P2)
EB p
rese
nte
d d
efinitio
n a
nd
princi
ple
of bundlin
g. M
ultip
le
small-
scale
pro
ject
s ca
n b
e
regis
tere
d a
s a s
ingle
CD
M p
roje
ct.
Bundlin
gof
pro
ject
act
ivitie
s
Sep 2
005
(EB 2
1)
First
com
pre
hensi
ve g
uid
elin
e fro
m
CD
M-E
B d
esc
ribin
g h
ow
to p
rove
additio
nalit
y
Intr
oduct
ion o
f Additio
nalit
y T
ool
Oct
2004
(EB 1
6)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
Ch
ang
ing
CD
M (
2)
First
com
pre
hensi
ve g
uid
elin
e b
y E
B
show
ing h
ow
to p
erf
orm
fin
anci
al
analy
sis
in o
rder
to a
ssess
and
dem
onst
rate
additio
nalit
y u
sing
invest
ment
analy
sis.
Intr
oduct
ion o
f in
vest
ment
analy
sis
guid
ance
May 2
008
(EB 3
9)
Sim
plif
ied c
onsi
dera
tion o
f pre
-pro
ject
act
ivitie
s and s
implif
ied
monitoring a
ctiv
itie
s are
appro
ved
by C
DM
-EB.
Sim
plif
ied A
/R
meth
odolo
gie
s
2009
A p
rogra
mm
eof act
ivitie
s ca
n b
e
regis
tere
d a
s a s
ingle
CD
M p
roje
ct
act
ivity.
Intr
oduct
ion o
f pro
gra
mm
atic
CD
M (
PoA)
June 2
007
(EB 3
2)
A1-5
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
Curr
ent
situ
atio
n o
f C
DM
: S
tati
stic
s an
d A
nal
ysi
s
–Regis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
s
–Countr
ies
host
ing C
DM
pro
ject
s
–Countr
ies
genera
ting C
ERs
–In
vest
ing c
ounties
–Appro
ved m
eth
odolo
gie
s by s
ect
or
and s
cale
–Fre
quently u
sed m
eth
odolo
gie
s
–Reje
cted p
roje
cts
and r
easo
n
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
124
(15)
Agriculture
13
(14)
Affore
sta
tion
and r
efo
resta
tion
466
(13)
Waste
handlin
g a
nd d
isposal
0(1
2)
Solv
ent use
22
(11)
Fugitiv
e e
mis
sio
ns fro
m p
roduction
and c
onsum
ption o
f halo
carb
ons
and s
ulp
hur
hexafluoride
136
(10)
Fugitiv
e e
mis
sio
ns fro
m fuels
(solid
,
oil
and g
as)
7(0
9)
Meta
l pro
duction
26
(08)
Min
ing/m
inera
l pro
duction
2(0
7)
Tra
nsport
0(0
6)
Constr
uction
66
(05)
Chem
ical in
dustr
ies
124
(04)
Manufa
ctu
ring industr
ies
25
(03)
Energ
y d
em
and
0(0
2)
Energ
y d
istr
ibution
1578
(01)
Energ
y industr
ies (
renew
able
-/
non-r
enew
able
sourc
es)
No.
Secto
ral S
cope
Sta
ts (
1):
Num
ber
of
regis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
s by s
ecto
ral
scope
(worl
d)
(Sourc
e: U
NF
CC
C)
(01
) E
ne
rgy in
du
str
ies
(re
ne
wab
le -
/ n
on-r
en
ew
ab
le
so
urc
es)
(60
.95
%)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
1(1
5) A
griculture
-(1
4)
Affore
sta
tion
and r
efo
resta
tion
24
(13) W
aste
handlin
g a
nd d
isposal
-(1
2)
Solv
ent use
-
(11)
Fugitiv
e e
mis
sio
ns fro
m p
roduction
and c
onsum
ption o
f halo
carb
ons
and s
ulp
hur
hexafluoride
-(1
0)
Fugitiv
e e
mis
sio
ns fro
m fuels
(solid
,
oil
and g
as)
-(0
9)
Meta
l pro
duction
-(0
8)
Min
ing/m
inera
l pro
duction
-(0
7)
Tra
nsport
-(0
6)
Constr
uction
1(0
5) C
hem
ical in
dustrie
s
2(0
4) M
anufa
ctu
ring industrie
s
-(0
3)
Energ
y d
em
and
-(0
2)
Energ
y d
istr
ibution
23
(01) E
nerg
y industrie
s (re
new
able
-/
non-r
enew
able
sourc
es)
No.
Secto
ral S
cope
Sta
ts (
2):
Num
ber
of
regis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
s by s
ecto
ral
scope
(Thai
land)
(01
) E
ne
rgy
ind
ustr
ies
(re
new
ab
le -
/ n
on
-
ren
ew
able
so
urc
es),
45
%
(13
) W
aste
ha
nd
ling
an
d
dis
po
sa
l,4
7
%
(15
)
Agricu
ltu
re,
2%
(05
)
Ch
em
ica
l
ind
ustr
ies,
2%
(04
)
Ma
nu
fac-
turing
ind
ustr
ies,
4%
(Sourc
e: U
NF
CC
C)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
352
Oth
ers
498
India
787
Chin
a
120
Mexic
o
171
Bra
zil
45
Indonesi
a
80
Mala
ysi
a
35
Thailand
41
Phili
ppin
es
Countr
yN
um
ber
Of
Pro
ject
s
Sta
ts (
3):
Num
ber
of
regis
tere
d p
roje
cts
by
host
countr
y
(Sourc
e:
UN
FC
CC
)
A1-6
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
17
4,7
02,4
00
Chile
4,9
29,4
44
Mala
ysi
a
9,3
85,7
34
Mexic
o
31,2
30,4
26
Oth
ers
42,2
08,7
58
India
209,4
03,1
47
Chin
a
14,9
05,1
64
Kore
a
21,0
12,8
56
Bra
zil
4,1
77,7
42
Indonesi
a
4,2
06,7
91
Arg
entina
2,095,745
Thailand
4,1
54,9
78
Nig
eria
Countr
yAnnual avera
ge
reduct
ion
Sta
ts (
4):
Am
ount
of
expec
ted C
ER
sby h
ost
countr
y
Un
it:
ton
CO
2e
qu
iva
len
t
(So
urc
e:
UN
FC
CC
)The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
18
76
Spain
146
Germ
any
165
Sw
eden
156
Oth
ers
518
Sw
itze
rland
707
UK
295
Japan
302
Neth
erlands
47
Aust
ria
48
Fra
nce
46
Canada
47
Italy
Countr
yN
um
ber
of
pro
ject
s
Sta
ts (
5):
Num
ber
of
regis
tere
d p
roje
cts
by
inves
ting c
ountr
y
(So
urc
e:
UN
FC
CC
)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
19
00
00
Solv
ent use
12
22
20
6F
ugitiv
e e
mis
sio
ns f
rom
pro
duction/
consum
ption o
f halo
carb
ons/ sulp
hur
hexafluoride
11
136
11
6F
ugitiv
e e
mis
sio
ns fro
m fuels
(solid
, oil
and g
as)
10
01
01
Energ
y d
istr
ibution
2
1,5
78
99
32
"Energ
y industr
ies (
renew
able
-/
non-r
enew
able
sourc
es)"
1
124
10
511
Manufa
ctu
ring industr
ies
4
25
70
7E
nerg
y d
em
and
3
00
00
Constr
uction
6
66
51
12
Chem
ical in
dustr
ies
5
26
01
0M
inin
g/m
inera
l pro
duction
8
25
11
Tra
nsport
7
466
93
6W
aste
handlin
g a
nd d
isposal
13
70
07
Meta
l pro
duction
9
19
Appro
ved
Meth
odolo
gy
12
Appro
ved
Consolid
ate
d
Meth
odolo
gy
Agriculture
Affore
sta
tion
and r
efo
resta
tion
Secto
ral S
cope
36
Appro
ved
Sm
all
Scale
Meth
odolo
gy
124
15
13
14
Nu
mbe
r o
f
Regis
tere
d
Pro
jects
Scope
No.
Sta
ts (
6):
Num
ber
of
appro
ved
m
ethodolo
gie
s
(Sourc
e: U
NF
CC
C)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
20
494
Oth
ers
Oth
ers
40
Anim
al m
anure
managem
ent
AM
0016
592
Grid c
onnect
ed r
enew
able
ele
ctrici
tyACM
0002
615
Grid c
onnect
ed r
enew
able
ele
ctrici
tyAM
S-I
.D.
113
Landfill
gas
pro
ject
ACM
0001
134
Meth
ane r
eco
very
in a
nim
al m
anure
m
anagem
ent
syst
em
sAM
S-I
II.D
.
96
Therm
al energ
y p
roduct
ion w
ith o
r w
ithout
ele
ctrici
tyAM
S-I
.C.
111
Wast
e g
as
for
pow
er
genera
tion
ACM
0004
65
Ele
ctrici
ty g
enera
tion f
rom
bio
mass
re
sidues
ACM
0006
80
Meth
ane r
eco
very
in w
ast
ew
ate
rAM
S-I
II.H
.
48
Reduct
ion o
f N
2O
at
nitric
aci
d p
lants
AM
0034
Technolo
gy/ M
easure
Num
ber
of R
eg.
Pro
jects
Meth
odolo
-
gy
Num
be
r
Sta
ts (
7):
Reg
iste
red p
roje
cts
by
met
hodolo
gie
s
AM
S:
appro
ved m
eth
odolo
gy for
sm
all-
scale
AC
M-
appro
ved c
onsolid
ate
d m
eth
odolo
gy
AM
: appro
ved m
eth
odolo
gy
AMS-I.D.
25%
ACM0002
24%
AMS-III.D
.
6%
ACM0001
5%
ACM0004
5%
AMS-I.C
.
4%
AMS-III.H
.
3%
ACM0006
3%
AM0034
2%
AM0016
2%
Others
21%
A1-7
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
21
Sta
ts (
8):
Num
ber
of
reje
cted
pro
ject
s by
sect
or/
mea
sure
Bio
mass
pow
er;
45 Hydro
; 34
Win
d;
65
Bio
gas;
3
Energ
y
effic
iency;
34
Wast
e e
nerg
y;
45
Fuel s
witch;
8Wast
e/
wast
ew
ate
r; 4
Cem
ent;
18
Bio
mass
pow
er
Hydro
Win
d
Bio
gas
Energ
y e
fficie
ncy
Wast
e e
nerg
y
Fuel s
witch
Wast
e/ w
ast
ew
ate
r
Cem
ent
(Un
it:
nu
mb
er
of
pro
jects
)(S
ourc
e: U
NF
CC
C a
nd IG
ES
)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
22
Sta
ts (
9):
Num
ber
of
reje
cted
pro
ject
s by
reas
on
(Un
it:
nu
mb
er
of
pro
jects
)Bench
mark
analy
sis,
59
E p
olicy
, 16
Oth
ers
, 28
Monitoring
pla
n,
17
Oth
ers
, 21
,,,,,,,Oth
er
reaso
ns,
11
Oth
er
rea
so
ns,
11
Ad
dit
ion
a-
lity
, 1
53
Me
tho
-
do
log
y,
64
Barr
iers
due
to p
revailin
g
pra
ctic
e,
22
Base
line
scenari
o, 13
Tech
nolo
gic
al
barr
iers
, 16
CDM
consideration,
12
Applica
tion o
f
meth
odolo
gy,
13
(Sourc
e: U
NF
CC
C a
nd IG
ES
)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
23
Issu
es i
n C
DM
(1
)
•Is
sues
in a
dditio
nalit
y d
em
onst
ration
–In
acc
ord
ance
with d
eci
sion 3
/CM
P.1
, annex, para
gra
ph 4
3
“A C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity is
additio
nal if a
nth
ropogenic
em
issi
ons
of gre
enhouse
gase
s by s
ourc
es
are
reduce
d b
elo
w t
hose
that
would
have o
ccurr
ed in t
he
abse
nce
of th
e r
egis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity”.
–H
ow
ever,
taken into
more
acc
ount
was
how
to d
em
onst
rate
that
“Without
CD
M, th
e p
ropose
d p
roje
ct w
ould
not
have b
een
realiz
ed”
by a
ssess
ing b
arr
iers
the p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity is
faci
ng.
–As
a r
esu
lt, so
me s
ect
ors
whose
additio
nalit
y is
easi
er
to b
e
dem
onst
rate
d w
ere
faci
litate
d;
•in
cludin
g C
H4
reco
very
and u
tiliz
ation, N2O
dest
ruct
ion, and H
FC23
dest
ruct
ion.
–O
n t
he c
ontr
ary
, oth
er
sect
ors
whose
additio
nalit
y is
difficu
lt t
o
be d
em
onst
rate
d b
ut
safe
and e
nvironm
enta
lly s
ound in n
atu
rew
ere
not
faci
litate
das
CD
M
•energ
y e
ffic
iency
im
pro
vem
ent
pro
ject
s
•Pro
ject
that
genera
tes
financi
al benefit
oth
er
than C
ER
sale
s
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
24
Issu
es i
n C
DM
(2
)
•D
om
inance
by n
on-C
O2
CD
M p
roje
cts
–N
on-C
O2
CD
M p
roje
cts
take a
dvanta
ge o
f st
rong c
om
merc
ial
ince
ntive b
y s
elli
ng b
ig v
olu
me o
f CER
•CH
4, N2O
, and H
FC23 (
hig
h g
lobal w
arm
ing p
ote
ntial)
–In
additio
n, non-C
O2
CD
M is
easy
to d
em
onst
rate
its
additio
nalit
y a
nd t
hus
easy
to b
e r
egis
tere
d
�G
enera
te a
bout
80%
of
tota
l CERs
from
regis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
s
–H
ow
ever,
such
gase
s (C
H4, N
2O
, and H
FC23)
const
itute
s only
le
ss t
han 5
% o
f overa
ll G
HG
em
issi
ons
on e
art
h, and
more
than 6
0%
of all
GH
G e
mis
sions
in d
evelo
pin
g c
ountr
ies
are
CO
2
–As
a p
ote
ntial in
such
non-C
O2
pro
ject
s is
lim
ited, in
creasi
ng
num
bers
of CO
2pro
ject
s have b
een p
ropose
d a
nd r
egis
tere
d in
these
days
A1-8
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
25
Issu
es i
n C
DM
(3
)
•Lack
of
auth
entica
tion o
f SD
ach
ievem
ent
by h
ost
countr
y
–It
is
the h
ost
Part
y’s
pre
rogative t
o d
ete
rmin
e w
heth
er
a C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity a
ssis
ts it
in a
chie
vin
g s
ust
ain
able
develo
pm
ent
(SD
)
–Curr
ent
CD
M s
yst
em
is
not
requirin
g p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity t
o c
heck
SD
contr
ibution t
o h
ost
countr
y
–Thaila
nd e
valu
ate
s SD
contr
ibution b
y a
pply
ing C
row
n S
tandard
syst
em
•U
neven d
istr
ibution
of
host
countr
ies
–M
ore
than 8
0%
of
CER
sth
at
will
be g
enera
ted b
y 2
012 c
om
e f
rom
5
host
countr
ies
•Chin
a, In
dia
, Bra
zil, M
exic
o, Kore
a
–M
any c
ountr
ies
that
have low
fore
ign d
irect
invest
ment
rate
and G
NP
have n
o C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity r
egis
tere
d
–CD
M p
roje
cts
should
be m
ore
evenly
dis
trib
ute
d g
eogra
phic
ally
A1-9
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CD
M 2
Tec
hn
ica
l a
spec
ts o
f
Ba
seli
ne
det
erm
ina
tio
n
27th
April 2010
Chie
f Advis
or
of JI
CA E
xpert
Team
Masa
hik
o F
UJI
MO
TO
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
Co
nte
nts
1.
What
is b
ase
line?
2.
Why b
ase
line n
eeds
to b
e identified?
3.
How
to identify
base
line?
4.
Meth
od t
o identify
base
line
5.
Gro
up d
iscu
ssio
n u
sing a
ctual bio
gas
pro
ject
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
Wh
at i
s b
asel
ine?
Base
line S
cenario:
“the s
cenario t
hat
reaso
nably
repre
sents
the
anth
ropogenic
em
issi
ons
by s
ourc
es
of
gre
enhouse
gase
s th
at
would
occ
ur
in t
he a
bse
nce
of
the
pro
pose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity”
•P
roje
ct
pro
po
ne
nt
sh
ou
ld d
ete
rmin
e p
roje
ct-
sp
ecif
ic
ba
se
lin
e i
n a
cco
rda
nce
wit
h t
he
me
tho
do
log
y(i
es)
•T
ak
ing
in
to a
cco
un
t n
ati
on
al/
se
cto
ral
po
licie
s a
nd
cir
cu
msta
nce
s
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
Wh
at i
s b
asel
ine?
Base
line is
diffe
rent
by e
ach
pro
ject
, dependin
g o
n
tech
nolo
gy/
measu
re, pro
ject
type, co
nditio
n, polic
y, etc
.
emissions
time
Ba
se
lin
e e
mis
sio
ns
Baselin
e e
mis
sio
ns
Pro
ject
em
iss
ion
s
Em
issio
ns r
ed
ucti
on
Em
issio
ns r
ed
ucti
on
Case 1
Case 2
emissions
time
A1-10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
Why
bas
elin
e n
eed
s to
be
iden
tifi
ed?
•Let’s
dis
cuss
the r
easo
n w
hy w
e h
ave t
o
identify
base
line in C
DM
.
–Beca
use
PD
D r
equires
it ?
–W
hat
do y
ou t
hin
k a
bout
it?
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
Ho
w t
o i
den
tify
bas
elin
e (1
)
•Pro
ject
pro
ponent
(PP)
must
identify
base
line u
sing t
he
meth
ods
and s
teps
speci
fied in t
he b
ase
line m
eth
odolo
gy(ies)
that
is a
pplie
d t
o t
he p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity.
•Base
line m
eth
odolo
gie
s sh
all
require n
arr
ative d
esc
riptions
of
pro
ject
. PP m
ust
analy
zeall
reaso
nable
base
line s
cenario
options,
whic
h m
ay incl
ude:
–Continuation o
f th
e c
urr
ent
act
ivity
–Im
ple
menta
tion o
f th
e p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
–O
ther
scenarios
•PP m
ust
desc
ribe h
ow
a b
ase
line s
cenario is
sele
cted a
mong
poss
ible
base
line s
cenario o
ptions.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
Ho
w t
o i
den
tify
bas
elin
e (2
)
Base
line is
dete
rmin
ed b
y a
pply
ing o
ne o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g
3 p
att
ern
s, d
ependin
g o
n t
he b
ase
line m
eth
odolo
gie
s applie
d;
Case
1 :
Meth
odolo
gy p
rese
nts
a f
ixed
base
line
scenario.
�PP
dem
onst
rate
s th
at
the b
ase
line s
cenario is
the o
nly
rele
vant
and
pla
usi
ble
busi
ness
-as-
usu
al sc
enario.
�Sm
all-
scale
meth
odolo
gie
s and s
om
e larg
e-s
cale
meth
odolo
gie
s
Case
2 :
Meth
odolo
gy p
rese
nts
severa
l poss
ible
base
line
options
for
various
com
ponents
of
the p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity.
�PP identifies
the m
ost
pla
usi
ble
base
line s
cenario, w
hic
h is
a
com
bin
ation o
f base
line o
ptions.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
Ho
w t
o i
den
tify
bas
elin
e (3
)
Case
3:
Meth
odolo
gy d
oes
not
pre
sent
any b
ase
line o
ption
and P
P m
ust
pre
sent
poss
ible
base
line o
ptions
usi
ng
a s
tep-w
ise a
ppro
ach
rese
mblin
g t
he a
dditio
nalit
y/
com
bin
ed t
ool fo
r th
e identifica
tion o
f a b
ase
line s
cenario.
�To a
pply
ste
p 1
a o
f th
e “
Com
bin
ed t
ool to
identify
the b
ase
line
scenario a
nd d
em
onst
rate
additio
nalit
y”
�O
nly
applic
able
if all
pote
ntial altern
ative s
cenarios
are
availa
ble
options
to p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
, su
ch a
s
-M
odific
ations
to a
n e
xis
ting inst
alla
tion o
pera
ted b
y P
P
-Const
ruct
ion o
f new
faci
litie
s, if
all
altern
ative s
cenarios
are
availa
ble
options
to P
P
A1-11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
Met
ho
d t
o i
den
tify
bas
elin
e
When u
sing C
ase
2, PP m
ust
follo
w m
eth
odolo
gy t
o
identify
base
line.
•For
exam
ple
, ACM0014
: “M
itig
ation o
f gre
enhouse
gas
em
issi
ons
from
tre
atm
ent
of
indust
rial w
ast
ew
ate
r”
AC
M0
01
4 r
equ
ires to
app
ly t
he
fo
llow
ing
4 s
tep
s;
Ste
p 1
. Id
entification o
f altern
ative s
cenarios
Ste
p 2
. E
limin
ate
altern
atives that are
not com
ply
ing w
ith a
pplic
able
law
s a
nd r
egula
tions
Ste
p 3
. E
limin
ate
altern
atives that fa
ce p
rohib
itiv
e b
arr
iers
(B
arr
ier
Analy
sis
)
Ste
p 4
. C
om
pare
econom
ic a
ttra
ctiveness o
f re
main
ing a
ltern
atives (
Investm
ent A
naly
sis
)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
Ste
p 1
. Id
en
tifi
cati
on
of
alt
ern
ati
ve s
cen
ari
os
Identify
realis
tic
and c
redib
le a
ltern
ative
scenarios
to t
he p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
–M
eth
odolo
gy p
rovid
es
list
of
altern
atives
that
pro
vid
e o
utp
uts
or
serv
ices
com
para
ble
to t
he
pro
pose
d C
DM
pro
ject
, in
cludin
g;
•Continuation o
f cu
rrent
pra
ctic
e
•Pro
pose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity u
ndert
aken w
ithout
CD
M
•All
oth
er
pla
usi
ble
and c
redib
le a
ltern
ative s
cenarios
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
Ste
p 2
. E
lim
inate
alt
ern
ati
ves
that
are n
ot
com
ply
ing w
ith
ap
pli
cab
le l
aw
s an
d r
egu
lati
on
s
Check
wheth
er
the lis
ted a
ltern
atives
are
in
com
plia
nce
with a
ll le
gal re
quirem
ents
of th
e
countr
y/
regio
n
•Legal re
quirem
ents
incl
ude t
hose
not
rela
ted t
o G
HG
em
issi
on r
educt
ions
(e.g
. air, w
ate
r, e
tc.)
•If
only
a p
ropose
d C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity c
an c
om
ply
with law
s,th
e p
roje
ct w
ill b
e u
ndert
aken a
nyw
ay,
and t
hus,
NO
T a
dditio
naland w
ill n
ot
be e
ligib
le t
o
be r
egis
tere
d a
s a C
DM
pro
ject
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
Ste
p 3
.E
lim
inate
alt
ern
ati
ves
that
face
proh
ibit
ive b
arr
iers
(1)
Identify
barr
iers
that
would
pre
vent
the im
ple
menta
tion o
f
altern
ative s
cenarios(B
arr
ier
An
aly
sis)
–For
each
of
the a
ltern
ative s
cenarios
identified in S
tep 1
, id
entify
realis
tic
and c
redib
le b
arr
iers
that
may p
revent
altern
ative s
cenarios
to o
ccur
–Barr
iers
may incl
ude t
he f
ollo
win
g 4
barr
iers
.
1.
Invest
ment
barr
iers
–Sim
ilar
act
ivitie
s have b
een im
ple
mente
d o
nly
with g
rants
or
oth
er
non-c
om
merc
ial finance
–N
o p
rivate
capital is
availa
ble
from
dom
est
ic o
r in
tern
ational
capital m
ark
ets
due t
o r
eal or
perc
eiv
ed r
isks
ass
oci
ate
d w
ith
invest
ment
in T
haila
nd
A1-12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
Ste
p 3
.E
lim
inate
alt
ern
ati
ves
that
face
proh
ibit
ive b
arr
iers
(2)
2.
Tech
nolo
gic
al barr
iers
–Skill
ed/
pro
perly t
rain
ed labor
to o
pera
te a
nd m
ain
tain
the
tech
nolo
gy is
not
availa
ble
in t
he c
ountr
y/r
egio
n
–Lack
of
infr
ast
ruct
ure
for
imple
menta
tion a
nd logis
tics
for
main
tenance
of
the t
ech
nolo
gy
–The p
art
icula
r te
chnolo
gy
use
d in t
he p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity is
not
availa
ble
in t
he r
egio
n
–R
isk o
f te
chnolo
gic
al fa
ilure
in t
he loca
l ci
rcum
stance
s is
sig
nific
antly
gre
ate
r th
an f
or
oth
er
tech
nolo
gie
s
3.Barr
iers
due t
o p
revaili
ng p
ract
ice
–The p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity is
the “
firs
t of
its
kin
d”
4.O
ther
barr
iers
Note
: PP m
ust
pro
vid
e t
ransp
are
nt
and d
ocu
mente
d e
vid
ence
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
Ste
p 3
.E
lim
inate
alt
ern
ati
ves
that
face
proh
ibit
ive b
arr
iers
(3)
Elim
inate
altern
ative s
cenarios
whic
h a
re p
revente
d b
y t
he
identified b
arr
iers
–Id
entify
whic
h a
ltern
ative s
cenarios
are
difficu
lt t
o b
e r
ealiz
ed
due t
o t
he
barr
iers
lis
ted,
whic
are
pre
venting r
ealiz
ation o
f sc
enarios
–Elim
inate
such
altern
ative s
cenarios
from
furt
her
consi
dera
tion (
such
scenarios
will
not
be b
ase
line)
–All
altern
ative s
cenarios
shall
be c
om
pare
d t
o t
he s
am
e s
et
of
barr
iers
.
Note
: PP m
ust
pro
vid
e t
ransp
are
nt
and d
ocu
mente
d e
vid
ence
If
on
ly o
ne
sce
na
rio
is r
em
ain
ed
, it
is c
on
sid
ere
d a
s b
ase
lin
e s
ce
na
rio
IF
there
are
still
severa
l altern
ative s
cenarios
rem
ain
ing,
Go t
o S
tep 3
(in
vest
ment
com
pariso
n a
naly
sis)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
Ste
p 4
. C
om
pare
econ
om
ic a
ttra
cti
ven
ess
of
rem
ain
ing a
ltern
ati
ves
Check
whic
h a
ltern
ative is
most
fin
anci
ally
att
ract
ive
without
revenues
from
CERs,
or
have h
ighest
poss
ibili
ty
to o
ccur
as
busi
ness
as
usu
al
(In
vest
ment
com
pariso
n a
naly
sis)
1.
Dete
rmin
e f
inanci
al in
dic
ato
r :
IRR
(Inte
rnal ra
te o
f re
turn
)
2.
Calc
ula
te f
inanci
al perf
orm
ance
for
the r
em
ain
ing s
cenarios
3.
Com
pare
resu
lts
The m
ost
eco
nom
ically
or
financi
ally
att
ract
ive a
ltern
ative s
cenario (
e.g
.
the s
cenario t
hat
has
hig
hest
IRR)
is c
onsi
dere
d a
s base
line s
cenario.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
Gro
up
Dis
cuss
ion
Ca
se o
f b
ioga
s p
roje
ct i
n T
ha
ila
nd
•Let’
s dete
rmin
ebase
line b
y y
ours
elf
usi
ng
“TBEC T
ha
Chang B
iogas
Pro
ject
”.
–G
roup D
iscu
ssio
n a
nd f
ill o
ut
bla
nk t
able
(30 m
in)
–Pre
senta
tion f
rom
each
gro
up (
30 m
in)
A1-13
The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in the Kingdom of Thailand
1) Which is baseline scenario for the treatment of wastewater? What is the reason?
Options W1: The use of open
lagoons for the treatment
of the wastewater
W2: Direct release of
wastewaters to a nearby
water body;
W3: Aerobic wastewater
treatment facilities (e.g.,
activated sludge or filter
bed type treatment);
W4: Anaerobic digester
with methane recovery
and flaring
W5: Anaerobic digester
with methane recovery
and utilization for
electricity or heat
generation 1. compliance with all legal requirements
Investment barrier
Technological barrier
Barriers due to prevailing practice
Other barriers
2. Barrier Analysis
Result
3. Investment Comparison analysis, if necessary
Result of baseline selection
The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in the Kingdom of Thailand
2) Which is baseline scenario for the generation of electricity? What is the reason?
Options E1: Power generation using fossil fuels in a
captive power plant
E2: Electricity generation in the grid E3: Electricity generation using renewable
sources
1. compliance with all legal
requirements
Investment
barrier
Technological
barrier
Barriers due to
prevailing
practice
Other barriers
2. Barrier
Analysis
Result
3. Investment Comparison
analysis, if necessary
Result of baseline selection
.
A1-14
Th
e P
roje
ct
for
Ca
pa
cit
y D
eve
lopm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he K
ing
do
m o
f T
ha
ila
nd
CD
M3
:
Ove
rvie
w o
f L
arg
e-s
ca
le/
Sm
all-s
ca
le M
eth
od
olo
gie
s
25
May, 2
010
Dep
uty
Ch
ief
Ad
vis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
KazuhitoYAMADA
2The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ob
jecti
ves o
f th
is s
ecti
on
Ob
jecti
ve
s o
f th
is s
ecti
on
are
:
To u
nders
tand larg
e a
nd s
mall
scale
BL m
eth
odolo
gie
s,
To d
iscu
ss:
At
the p
rese
nt
stage, w
hic
h m
eth
odolo
gy w
ill b
e u
sefu
l fo
r su
stain
able
develo
pm
ent
in T
haila
nd?
In t
he f
utu
re, w
hat
kin
d o
f B
L m
eth
odolo
gy d
o w
e n
eed
in T
haila
nd?
3The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
CD
M 3
: L
arg
e/s
ma
ll s
ca
le B
L M
eth
od
olo
gie
s:
�W
hat
are
the r
ole
s of
BL m
eth
odolo
gie
s?
�W
hat
is t
he p
roce
dure
to a
ppro
ve B
L m
eth
odolo
gie
s?
�In
troduct
ion o
f la
rge s
cale
BL m
eth
odolo
gie
s
�In
troduct
ion o
f sm
all
scale
BL m
eth
odolo
gie
s
�Pre
sent
statu
s of
regis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
s in
Thaila
nd
�D
iscu
ssio
n
4The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
are
th
e r
ole
s o
f B
L m
eth
od
olo
gie
s?
Th
e r
ole
s o
f B
L m
eth
od
olo
gie
s a
re:
to e
nsu
re t
hat
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
itie
s have:
�re
al, m
ea
su
rab
le,
and l
on
g-t
erm
benefits
rela
ted t
o
the m
itig
ation o
f cl
imate
change (
GH
G e
mis
sion
reduct
ions)
;
�re
duct
ions
in e
mis
sions
that
are
ad
dit
ion
alto
any t
hat
would
occ
ur
in t
he a
bse
nce
of
the c
ert
ifie
d p
roje
ct
act
ivity.
Briefly s
peakin
g, B
L m
eth
odolo
gie
s inclu
de a
ppro
priate
B
riefly s
peakin
g, B
L m
eth
odolo
gie
s inclu
de a
ppro
priate
form
ula
e h
ow
to q
uantify
BL a
nd P
J e
mis
sio
ns, and leakage.
form
ula
e h
ow
to q
uantify
BL a
nd P
J e
mis
sio
ns, and leakage.
A1-15
5The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he
pro
ce
du
re t
o a
pp
rove
BL
me
tho
do
log
ies
?
Th
e p
roce
du
re (
larg
e)
is:
�PPs
shall
pro
pose
a n
ew
BL m
eth
odolo
gy,
thro
ug
h a
DO
E/A
E,
subm
itting t
he d
raft
CD
M-P
DD
, CD
M-N
M;
�The
DO
E/
AE
shall
dete
rmin
e w
heth
er
the p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
inte
nds
to u
se a
new
BL m
eth
odolo
gy, and c
he
ck
wh
eth
er
the
d
ocu
me
nts
are
co
mp
lete
and forw
ard
them
to E
B f
or
its
consi
dera
tion a
nd a
ppro
val;
�The U
NFC
CC
se
cre
tari
at
shall
forw
ard
them
to E
Band M
eth
Pa
ne
laft
er
havin
g c
heck
ed t
hat
the d
ocu
menta
tion is
com
ple
te;
�T
he
se
cre
tari
at
shall
make t
he n
ew
BL m
eth
odolo
gy p
ub
licly
a
va
ila
ble
on
th
e U
NFC
CC
CD
M w
eb
sit
eand invite p
ublic
inputs
fo
r a p
eriod o
f 15 w
ork
ing d
ays.
Com
ments
shall
be f
orw
ard
ed t
o
Meth
Panel;
6The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he
pro
ce
du
re t
o a
pp
rove
BL
me
tho
do
log
ies
?
Th
e p
roce
du
re (
larg
e)
is (
co
nti
nu
ed
):
Meth
Panel sh
all
make :
(a)
A fin
al re
com
mendation t
o E
B t
o a
ppro
ve t
he B
L m
eth
odolo
gy
(refe
rred t
o a
s A
);
(b)
A fin
al re
com
mendation t
o E
B n
ot
to a
ppro
ve t
he B
L m
eth
odolo
gy
(refe
rred t
o a
s C
); o
r
(c)
A p
reli
min
ary
re
co
mm
en
da
tio
nto
PPs
who m
ay p
rovid
e
clarifica
tion r
egard
ing t
he iss
ues
rais
ed, or
Meth
Panel co
ntinues
the c
onsi
dera
tion o
f th
e P
NM
(re
ferr
ed t
o a
s w
ork
-in
-pro
gre
ss
WIP
)
EB
fin
ally d
ecid
e w
heth
er
the B
L m
eth
. is
accepta
ble
or
not.
EB
fin
ally d
ecid
e w
heth
er
the B
L m
eth
. is
accepta
ble
or
not.
7The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he
pro
ce
du
re t
o a
pp
rove
BL
me
tho
do
log
ies
?
Th
e p
roce
du
re (
sm
all
) is
:
�P
Ps,
DO
Es,
DN
As
or
sta
ke
ho
lde
rssh
all
pro
pose
a n
ew
SSC-B
L
meth
odolo
gy, su
bm
itting t
he d
raft
CD
M-S
SC-P
DD
, CD
M-S
SC-N
M;
�Aft
er
perf
orm
ing a
com
ple
teness
check
, th
e U
NF
CC
C s
ecre
tari
at
shall
forw
ard
the d
ocu
menta
tion t
o E
Band S
SC
-WG
;
�T
he
se
cre
tari
at
als
o s
hall
make t
he p
ropose
d n
ew
SSC
meth
odolo
gy p
ub
licly
ava
ila
ble
on
th
e U
NF
CC
C C
DM
we
bsit
eand invite p
ublic
inputs
for
a p
eriod o
f te
n (
10)
work
ing d
ays;
�P
ub
lic i
np
uts
shall
be f
orw
ard
ed t
o S
SC
WG
soon a
fter
rece
ipt
and m
ade p
ublic
ly a
vaila
ble
;
�S
SC
WG
shall
make a
reco
mm
en
da
tio
nre
gard
ing t
he a
ppro
val
of th
e p
ropose
d n
ew
SSC m
eth
odolo
gy t
o E
B a
t its
next
meeting;
EB
fin
ally d
ecid
e w
heth
er
the B
L m
eth
. is
accepta
ble
or
not.
EB
fin
ally d
ecid
e w
heth
er
the B
L m
eth
. is
accepta
ble
or
not.
8The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Intr
od
ucti
on
of
larg
e s
cale
BL
meth
od
olo
gie
s
La
rge
sca
le:
�Appro
ved M
eth
odolo
gie
s (A
M0001-8
7):
69 m
eth
. act
ive;
�Appro
ved C
onso
lidate
d M
eth
odolo
gie
s (A
CM
0001-1
8):
17 m
eth
. act
ive;
�10 t
ools
such
as
‘additio
nalit
y t
ool’
are
availa
ble
;
�ACM
0002 is
use
d b
y 6
47 r
egis
tere
d p
roje
cts;
�O
n t
he o
ther
hand, 46 A
M a
nd 5
ACM
have n
o
regis
tere
d p
roje
ct;
�N
on-C
O2
meth
odolo
gie
s su
ch a
s H
FC23, N
2O
and C
H4
have b
een u
sed c
om
pare
to C
O2
meth
odolo
gie
s.
A1-16
9The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Intr
od
ucti
on
of
sm
all s
cale
BL
meth
od
olo
gie
s (
1)
sm
all
sca
le:
�Type I
(AM
S-I
):
Renew
able
energ
y (
capaci
ty:
<15M
W)
�Type I
I (A
MS-I
I):
Energ
y e
ffic
iency
im
pro
vem
ent
(<60G
Wh/y
ear)
�Type I
II (
AM
S-I
II):
Oth
ers
types
(<60,0
00 t
CO
2/y
ear)
10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Intr
od
ucti
on
of
sm
all s
cale
BL
meth
od
olo
gie
s (
2)
sm
all
sca
le:
�AM
S-I
(I.
A-I
.E):
5 m
eth
. act
ive;
�AM
S-I
I(II
.A-I
I.J)
: 10 m
eth
. act
ive;
�AM
S-I
II(I
II.A
-III
.AJ)
; 36 m
eth
. act
ive
�AM
S-I
.D is
use
d b
y 6
38 r
egis
tere
d p
roje
cts;
�O
n t
he o
ther
hand, AM
S-I
I has
only
66 r
egis
tere
d
pro
ject
s in
tota
l;
�Type I
II h
as
many N
on-C
O2
meth
odolo
gie
s su
ch a
s CH
4,
HFC23, and N
2O
.
11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Pre
sen
t sta
tus o
f re
gis
tere
d C
DM
pro
jects
in T
hailan
d
Re
gis
tere
d C
DM
pro
jects
in
Th
ail
an
d:
�AMS-I.D.
17
�AMS-III.H.
11
�AM0022
6
�AMS-I.C.
5
�ACM0006
5
�AMS-III.D.
4
�ACM0002
3
�AM0024
2
�AM0013
2
�ACM0001
2
�AM0028
1
12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dis
cu
ssio
n
�At
the p
rese
nt
stage, w
hic
h m
eth
odolo
gy w
ill b
e u
sefu
l fo
r su
stain
able
develo
pm
ent
in T
haila
nd?
�In
the f
utu
re, w
hat
kin
d o
f B
L m
eth
odolo
gy d
o w
e n
eed
in T
haila
nd?
A1-17
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CD
M4
:
Te
ch
nic
al
As
pe
cts
of
Ad
dit
ion
ality
De
mo
ns
tra
tio
n
22
Ju
ne, 20
10
Dep
uty
Chie
f A
dvis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
KazuhitoYAMADA
2The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ob
jecti
ves o
f th
is s
ecti
on
Ob
jecti
ve
s o
f th
is s
ecti
on
are
:
To u
nders
tand b
asi
c co
nce
pt
and late
st d
iscu
ssio
ns
of
the
‘additio
nalit
y’,
To d
iscu
ss:
What
is t
he b
est
way t
o d
em
onst
rate
the ‘additio
nalit
y’of
repre
senta
tive C
DM
pro
ject
in T
haila
nd?
3The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
CD
M 4
: A
dd
itio
nality
:
�W
hat
is t
he ‘additio
nalit
y’?
�Additio
nalit
y in K
yoto
Pro
toco
l
�Additio
nalit
y in M
arr
akesh
Acc
ord
�H
isto
ry o
f Additio
nalit
y
�Additio
nalit
y t
ool
�G
uid
ance
on t
he a
ssess
ment
of
invest
ment
analy
sis
�Com
bin
ed a
dditio
nalit
y t
ool
�Additio
nalit
y:
TBEC T
ha
Chang B
iogas
Pro
ject
�R
equest
for
revie
w:
TBEC T
ha
Chang B
iogas
Pro
ject
�D
iscu
ssio
n
4The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he ‘ad
dit
ion
ali
ty’?
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
t-C
O2e
/ye
ar
ye
ar
Sta
rtin
g d
ate
of
CD
M P
roje
ct
Ba
se
lin
e G
HG
em
iss
ion
s
Pro
jec
t G
HG
em
iss
ion
s
Ad
dit
ion
al
GH
G e
mis
sio
n r
ed
uc
tio
ns
A1-18
5The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ad
dit
ion
ality
in
Kyo
to P
roto
co
l
Ad
dit
ion
ali
ty i
s s
tip
ula
ted
as:
5Em
issi
on r
educt
ions
resu
ltin
g fro
m e
ach
pro
ject
act
ivity s
hall
be
cert
ifie
d b
y o
pera
tional entities
to b
e d
esi
gnate
d b
y t
he C
onfe
rence
of th
e P
art
ies
serv
ing a
s th
e m
eeting o
f th
e P
art
ies
to t
his
Pro
toco
l,
on t
he b
asi
s of:
(a)
Volu
nta
ry p
art
icip
ation a
ppro
ved b
y e
ach
Part
y involv
ed;
(b)
Real, m
easu
rable
, and long-t
erm
benefits
rela
ted t
o t
he m
itig
ation
of cl
imate
change;
and
(c)
Re
du
cti
on
s i
n e
mis
sio
ns t
ha
t a
re a
dd
itio
na
l to
an
y t
ha
t w
ou
ld o
ccu
r in
th
e a
bse
nce
of
the
ce
rtif
ied
pro
ject
acti
vit
y.
6The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ad
dit
ion
ality
in
Ma
rra
ke
sh
Ac
co
rd
Ad
dit
ion
ali
ty i
s s
tip
ula
ted
as:
43.
A C
DM
pro
ject
acti
vit
y i
s a
dd
itio
na
lif a
nth
ropogenic
em
issi
ons
of gre
enhouse
gase
s by s
ourc
es
are
reduce
d b
elo
w t
hose
that
would
have o
ccurr
ed in t
he a
bse
nce
of th
e r
egis
tere
d C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity.
44.
The b
ase
line for
a C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity is
the s
cenario t
hat
reaso
nably
repre
sents
the a
nth
ropogenic
em
issi
ons
by s
ourc
es
of
gre
enhouse
gase
s th
at
would
occ
ur
in t
he a
bse
nce
of th
e p
ropose
dpro
ject
act
ivity. A b
ase
line s
hall
cover
em
issi
ons
from
all
gase
s,
sect
ors
and s
ourc
e c
ate
gories
liste
d in A
nnex A
within
the p
roje
ct
boundary
. A b
ase
line s
hall
be d
eem
ed t
o r
easo
nably
repre
sent
the
anth
ropogenic
em
issi
ons
by s
ourc
es
that
would
occ
ur
in t
he
abse
nce
of th
e p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity if it is
derived u
sing a
base
line m
eth
odolo
gy r
efe
rred t
o in p
ara
gra
phs
37 a
nd 3
8 a
bove.
Th
ere
is n
o c
oncre
te d
efinitio
n o
f ‘a
dd
itio
na
lity’
7The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
His
tory
of
Ad
dit
ion
ality
Dece
mber
1997:
Kyoto
Pro
toco
l (a
rtic
le 1
2)
Novem
ber
2001:
Marr
akesh
Acc
ord
(M
odalit
ies
& P
roce
dure
s fo
r CD
M)
August
2002:
EB5 d
eci
ded t
hat
para
5.
Para
gra
ph 4
3 o
f th
e C
DM
modalit
ies
and p
roce
dure
s st
ipula
te t
hat
a C
DM
pro
ject
acti
vit
y i
s a
dd
itio
na
l if
its
e
mis
sio
ns a
re b
elo
w t
ho
se
of
its b
ase
lin
e.The d
efinitio
n
of
a b
ase
line is
conta
ined in p
ara
gra
ph 4
4 o
f th
e C
DM
m
odalit
ies
and p
roce
dure
s. T
he e
xecu
tive b
oard
agre
ed t
hat
no f
urt
her
work
is
required r
egard
ing t
his
iss
ue.
Oct
ober
2004:
Additio
nalit
y t
ool
Dece
mber
2005:
CM
P1 (
Montr
eal)
Novem
ber
2006:
Com
bin
ed a
dditio
nalit
y t
ool
July
2008:
Additio
n o
f th
e ‘G
uid
ance
on t
he a
ssess
ment
of
invest
ment
analy
sis’
as
annex t
o t
he a
dditio
nalit
y t
ool
8The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ad
dit
ion
ality
to
ol
(see A
nnex 1
)
�“T
ool fo
r th
e d
em
onst
ration a
nd a
ssess
ment
of additio
nalit
y”
was
appro
ved a
t CD
M-E
B16 (
Oct
ober
2004).
�This
tool pro
vid
es
for
a s
tep-w
ise a
ppro
ach
to d
em
onst
rate
and
ass
ess
additio
nalit
y. These
Ste
ps
incl
ude:
--Id
entifica
tion o
f altern
atives
to t
he p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity;
Identifica
tion o
f altern
atives
to t
he p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity;
--In
vest
ment
analy
sis
to d
ete
rmin
e t
hat
the p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
cti
Invest
ment
analy
sis
to d
ete
rmin
e t
hat
the p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
cti v
ity
vity
is e
ither:
1)
not
the m
ost
eco
nom
ically
or
financi
ally
att
ract
ivis
either:
1)
not
the m
ost
eco
nom
ically
or
financi
ally
att
ract
ive, or
2)
e, or
2)
not
eco
nom
ically
or
financi
ally
feasi
ble
;not
eco
nom
ically
or
financi
ally
feasi
ble
;
--Barr
iers
analy
sis;
and
Barr
iers
analy
sis;
and
--Com
mon p
ract
ice a
naly
sis.
Com
mon p
ract
ice a
naly
sis.
�Base
d o
n t
he info
rmation a
bout
act
ivitie
s si
mila
r to
the p
ropose
d
pro
ject
act
ivity, th
e c
om
mon p
ract
ice a
naly
sis
is t
o c
om
ple
ment
and
rein
forc
e t
he invest
ment
and/o
r barr
iers
analy
sis.
A1-19
9The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Gu
idan
ce o
n t
he a
ssessm
en
t o
f
investm
en
t an
aly
sis
�This
guid
ance
was
added b
y C
DM
-EB a
s an a
nnex t
o t
he A
dditio
nalit
y
tool (J
uly
2008).
�Back
gro
und:
In c
onsi
dera
tion o
f is
sues
identified t
hro
ugh r
equest
for
revie
ws
and r
evie
ws
of re
quest
s fo
r re
gis
tration t
he E
B c
onsi
ders
it
nece
ssary
to p
rovid
e p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
and D
OEs
with g
uid
ance
on
the p
repara
tion, pre
senta
tion a
nd v
alid
ation o
f in
vest
ment
analy
sis.
This
genera
l guid
ance
is
to b
e c
onsi
dere
d a
as
com
ple
ment
to
exis
ting m
ate
rials
in t
his
are
a incl
udin
g, th
e a
dditio
nalit
y t
ool, t
he
com
bin
ed t
ool.
�The g
uid
ance
incl
udes
1)
genera
l is
sues
in c
alc
ula
tion a
nd
pre
senta
tion o
f IR
R/N
PV, 2)
invest
ment
com
pariso
n a
naly
sis
and
bench
mark
analy
sis,
3)
sele
ctio
n a
nd v
alid
ation o
f appro
priate
bench
mark
s, 4
) se
nsi
tivity a
naly
sis,
etc
.
10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Co
mb
ined
ad
dit
ion
ality
to
ol
(Annex 2
)
�“C
om
bin
ed t
ool to
identify
the b
ase
line s
cenario a
nd d
em
onst
rate
additio
nalit
y”
was
appro
ved a
t CD
M-E
B27 (
Novem
ber
2006).
�M
eth
odolo
gie
s usi
ng t
his
tool are
only
applic
able
if all
pote
ntial
altern
ative s
cenarios
to t
he p
ropose
d p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity a
re a
vaila
ble
options
to p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
. This
applie
s, for
exam
ple
, to
pro
ject
act
ivitie
s th
at
make m
odific
ations
to a
n e
xis
ting inst
alla
tion t
hat
is
opera
ted b
y p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
, su
ch a
s, for
exam
ple
:
-Energ
y e
ffic
iency
im
pro
vem
ents
at
exis
ting inst
alla
tions
opera
ted b
y
pro
ject
part
icip
ants
;
-Fuel sw
itch
at
exis
ting inst
alla
tions
opera
ted b
y p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
;
-Changes
in w
ast
e m
anagem
ent
pra
ctic
es
at
exis
ting s
olid
wast
e d
isposa
l
site
s opera
ted b
y p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
;
-R
educt
ion o
f N2O
, H
FC-2
3 o
r PFC e
mis
sions
at
exis
ting inst
alla
tions
opera
ted b
y p
roje
ct p
art
icip
ants
.
11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ad
dit
ion
ality
: T
BE
C T
ha
Ch
an
g B
iog
as P
roje
ct
(see A
nnex 3
)
TB
EC
Th
aC
ha
ng
Bio
ga
s P
roje
ct
(1)
�The T
ha
Chang B
iogas
Pro
ject
involv
es
the c
onst
ruct
ion o
f an a
naero
bic
wast
ew
ate
r tr
eatm
ent
faci
lity a
t th
e T
ha
Chang P
alm
Oil
and R
ubber
Fact
ory
in S
ura
tThani. T
he p
roje
ct w
ill inst
all
a c
overe
d in-g
round
anaero
bic
react
or
(CIG
AR
), d
esi
gned t
o c
aptu
re t
he g
ase
s pro
duce
d f
rom
the d
igest
ion o
f org
anic
matt
er
in t
he c
om
bin
ed w
ast
ew
ate
r st
ream
s of
the
palm
oil
mill
and t
he r
ubber
fact
ory
. This
bio
gas
will
be u
sed t
o initia
lly f
uel
a 1
.4M
W b
iogas
engin
e t
o p
roduce
ele
ctrici
ty t
o b
e s
old
to t
he P
rovin
cial
Ele
ctrici
ty A
uth
ority
(PEA).
A s
eco
nd 1
.4M
W e
ngin
e w
ill m
ost
lik
ely
be
inst
alle
d in 2
010. Any e
xce
ss b
iogas
will
be c
onsu
med in a
n o
pen
flare
.
12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
TB
EC
Th
aC
ha
ng
Bio
ga
s P
roje
ct
(2)
�The p
urp
ose
of
the p
roje
ct is
to:
-Captu
re t
he w
ast
e g
ase
s and r
educe
odour
curr
ently p
roduce
d f
rom
the
fact
ory
’s d
eep t
reatm
ent
lagoons
by inst
alli
ng a
CIG
AR
bio
gas
syst
em
-U
se t
he c
aptu
red b
iogas
to p
roduce
renew
able
ele
ctrici
ty f
or
sale
to t
he
national grid t
o s
upport
the T
hai G
overn
ment’s
polic
y t
o r
educe
dependency
on f
oss
il fu
els
-Im
pro
ve t
he t
reatm
ent
of
the f
act
ory
wast
ew
ate
r
-R
educe
gre
enhouse
gas
em
issi
ons
and c
reate
Cert
ifie
d E
mis
sion
Reduct
ions
(CER
s)
Ad
dit
ion
ality
: T
BE
C T
ha
Ch
an
g B
iog
as P
roje
ct
(see A
nnex 3
)
A1-20
13
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
TB
EC
Th
aC
ha
ng
Bio
ga
s P
roje
ct
(3)
�The b
ase
line s
cenario is
the s
cenario e
xis
ting p
rior
to t
he s
tart
of
imple
menta
tion o
f th
e p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
-co
ntinued t
reatm
ent
of
the w
ast
ew
ate
r in
deep a
naero
bic
lagoons,
whic
h
curr
ently e
mit C
H4
to t
he a
tmosp
here
.
-co
ntinued C
O2em
issi
ons
from
the T
hai ele
ctrici
ty g
rid w
hic
h c
urr
ently
use
s ele
ctrici
ty g
enera
ted f
rom
a c
om
bin
ation o
f natu
ral gas,
coal, o
il,
hydro
and o
ther
sourc
es
Ad
dit
ion
ality
: T
BE
C T
ha
Ch
an
g B
iog
as P
roje
ct
(see A
nnex 3
)
14
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Req
uest
for
revie
w:
TB
EC
Th
aC
han
g B
iog
as P
roje
ct
(see A
nnex 4
)
CD
M-E
B d
ecid
ed
:
�The D
OE s
hould
furt
her
subst
antiate
the t
ech
nolo
gic
al,
invest
ment
and b
usi
ness
culture
barr
iers
pre
sente
d in t
he
PD
D, in
lin
e w
ith t
he V
VM
para
gra
phs
113, 114, 115 a
nd
116. The P
P/D
OE a
re r
em
inded t
hat
if t
he b
arr
iers
cannot
be s
uff
icie
ntly s
ubst
antiate
d, th
ey h
ave a
n o
ption t
o
esta
bli
sh
ad
dit
ion
ali
ty t
hro
ug
h i
nve
stm
en
t a
na
lysis
.
15
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dis
cu
ssio
n
�W
hat
is t
he b
est
way t
o d
em
onst
rate
the
‘additio
nalit
y’of re
pre
senta
tive C
DM
pro
ject
in T
haila
nd?
A1-21
UN
FCC
C/C
CN
UC
C
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
EB 3
9 R
epor
t
An
nex
10
Page
3
ST
EP 1
. Ide
ntifi
catio
n of
al
tern
ativ
es to
the
proj
ect
activ
ity c
onsi
sten
t with
m
anda
tory
law
s and
re
gula
tions
STEP
2. I
nves
tmen
t ana
lysi
s ST
EP 3
. Bar
rier a
naly
sis
STEP
4. C
omm
on p
ract
ice
anal
ysis
Doe
s sen
sitiv
ity a
naly
sis
conc
lude
that
the
prop
osed
C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivity
is
unlik
ely
to b
e th
e m
ost
finan
cial
ly a
ttrac
tive
or is
un
likel
y to
be
finan
cial
ly
attra
ctiv
e?
Y
N
(1) I
s the
re a
t lea
st o
ne b
arrie
r pr
even
ting
the
impl
emen
tatio
nof
the
prop
osed
pro
ject
ac
tivity
with
out t
he C
DM
; and
(2) I
s at l
east
one
alte
rnat
ive
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity, n
ot
prev
ente
d by
any
of t
he
tifie
d ba
rri
scen
ario
, oth
er th
an p
ropo
sed
iden
ers?
Y
Proj
ect i
s not
ad
ditio
nal
(1) N
o si
mila
r act
iviti
es c
an b
eob
serv
ed?
(2) I
f sim
ilar a
ctiv
ities
are
ob
serv
ed, a
re th
ey e
ssen
tial
dist
inct
ions
bet
wee
n th
e pr
opos
ed C
DM
pro
ject
ac
tivity
and
sim
ilar a
ctiv
ities
th
at c
an re
ason
ably
be
expl
aine
d? Y
N
optio
nal
Proj
ect i
s ad
ditio
nal
N
UN
FCC
C/C
CN
UC
C
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
EB
28
Rep
ort
Anne
x 14
Pa
ge 3
Step
1: I
dent
ifica
tion
of a
ltern
ativ
e sc
enar
ios
St
ep 2
: Bar
rier a
naly
sis
Y
Is th
e sc
enar
io
iden
tifie
d as
the
proj
ect u
nder
take
n w
ithou
t CD
M?
Y
Is o
nly
one
al
tern
ativ
e re
mai
ning
?
N
N
N
N
Doe
s C
DM
alle
viat
e th
e id
entif
ied
barri
ers
that
pr
even
t the
pro
ject
?
Do
the
alte
rnat
ives
in
clud
e th
e pr
ojec
t un
derta
ken
with
out
CD
M?
The
base
line
scen
ario
is th
e re
mai
ning
alte
rnat
ive
as id
entif
ied
abov
e.
Y
Y
N
D
oes
the
CD
M
alle
viat
e th
e id
entif
ied
barri
ers
that
pre
vent
th
epr
ojec
t?
Opt
ion
1
Step
3: I
nves
tmen
t ana
lysi
s
Opt
ion
2 N
Y
Is
the
sens
itivi
ty a
naly
sis
conc
lusi
ve?
Y
The
base
line
scen
ario
is th
e m
ost
econ
omic
ally
/ fin
anci
ally
attr
activ
e sc
enar
io
Th
e ba
selin
e sc
enar
io is
th
e sc
enar
io w
ith th
e le
ast e
mis
sion
s
Is
the
scen
ario
iden
tifie
d th
e pr
ojec
t und
erta
ken
with
out
bein
g re
gist
ered
as
CD
M?
N
Y
Step
4: C
omm
on p
ract
ice
anal
ysis
The
proj
ect a
ctiv
ity
isno
tadd
ition
al
Is it
the
com
mon
pra
ctic
e ?
Y
N
The
proj
ect a
ctiv
ityis
add
ition
al
A1-22
PRO
JEC
T D
ESIG
N D
OC
UM
ENT
FOR
M (C
DM
PD
D) -
Ver
sion
03.
1.
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
pa
ge 2
1 pr
ohib
itive
bar
rier
in t
he f
orm
of
lega
l re
gula
tion
proh
ibiti
ng t
he p
ract
ice.
Th
e ke
y ba
rrie
r fa
ced
by
scen
ario
W3,
aer
obic
was
tew
ater
trea
tmen
t, is
the
finan
cial
bar
rier
due
to h
igh
oper
atin
g co
sts
and
the
abse
nce
of i
ncen
tives
thr
ough
reg
ulat
ion
or d
irect
rev
enue
. S
cena
rio W
4 &
W5
face
pro
hibi
tive
tech
nolo
gica
l and
inve
stm
ent b
arrie
rs d
ue to
the
perf
orm
ance
ris
k tra
nsla
ting
to c
omm
erci
al r
isk
. Th
e ke
y ba
rrie
rs fa
ced
by S
cena
rio E
1 an
d E3
are
the
tech
nica
l and
fina
ncia
l bar
riers
ass
ocia
ted
with
hig
h co
st
of in
stal
ling
and
oper
atin
g a
foss
il fu
el o
r ren
ewab
le p
ower
pla
nt a
t the
fact
ory.
In
sum
mar
y, a
ll al
tern
ativ
e sc
enar
ios
are
elim
inat
ed th
roug
h th
e ba
rrie
r an
alys
is e
xcep
t W1,
the
use
of
open
lago
ons f
or th
e tre
atm
ent o
f was
tew
ater
and
E2,
ele
ctric
ity g
ener
atio
n in
the
grid
. St
ep 4
: Com
pare
eco
nom
ic a
ttra
ctiv
enes
s of r
emai
ning
alte
rnat
ive
Onl
y on
e al
tern
ativ
e re
mai
ns a
fter e
limin
atio
n of
alte
rnat
ives
that
face
pro
hibi
tive
barr
iers
, the
refo
re S
tep
4 is
not
app
licab
le.
B.5
. D
escr
iptio
n of
how
the
anth
ropo
geni
c em
issi
ons o
f GH
G b
y so
urce
s are
red
uced
bel
ow
thos
e th
at w
ould
hav
e oc
curr
ed in
the
abse
nce
of th
e re
gist
ered
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity (a
sses
smen
t an
d de
mon
stra
tion
of a
dditi
onal
ity):
Th
e pr
ojec
t re
duce
s an
thro
poge
nic
emis
sion
s of
GH
G t
hrou
gh t
he d
estru
ctio
n of
met
hane
whi
ch i
s pr
oduc
ed th
roug
h th
e an
aero
bic
deca
y of
was
tew
ater
from
the
Palm
Oil
Mill
and
Rub
ber F
acto
ry a
t Tha
C
hang
. B
y co
mbu
stin
g m
etha
ne th
at w
ould
oth
erw
ise
have
bee
n re
leas
ed to
the
atm
osph
ere,
the
proj
ect
resu
lts in
the
redu
ctio
n of
362
,760
tCO
2e o
f em
issi
ons
in th
e fir
st c
redi
ting
perio
d. T
he e
quip
men
t use
d to
cap
ture
and
com
bust
met
hane
wou
ld n
ot h
ave
been
ins
talle
d in
the
abs
ence
of
the
regi
ster
ed C
DM
pr
ojec
t, as
dem
onst
rate
d be
low
. St
art D
ate
and
Impl
emen
tatio
n Ti
mel
ine
The
star
t dat
e of
the
proj
ect w
as p
rior t
o th
e da
te o
f val
idat
ion.
Evi
denc
e th
at th
e in
cent
ive
from
the
CD
M w
as
serio
usly
con
side
red
in th
e de
cisi
on to
pro
ceed
with
the
proj
ect a
ctiv
ity h
as b
een
supp
lied
to th
e D
oE.
Proj
ect T
imel
ine
Dat
es
In
vest
men
t Dec
isio
n m
ade
01/0
4/07
C
ontra
ct si
gned
bet
wee
n TB
EC a
nd fa
ctor
y ow
ner f
or
BO
OT
inve
stm
ent,
incl
udin
g a
shar
ing
of c
arbo
n cr
edit
reve
nue
betw
een
fact
ory
owne
r and
TB
EC.
Dat
e co
nstru
ctio
n w
orks
01
/07/
07
Dat
e C
ivil
wor
ks p
lann
ed to
beg
in (2
6/06
/07
cont
ract
si
gned
) C
onst
ruct
ion
Com
plet
ed
Proj
ect c
onst
ruct
ion
dela
ys d
ue to
sign
ifica
nt w
et
seas
on in
Sou
ther
n Th
aila
nd in
200
7 D
ate
of c
omm
issi
onin
g 27
/11/
08
Com
mis
sion
ing
of g
ense
t and
gas
syst
em
Star
t up
06/0
1/09
C
omm
erci
al O
pera
tion
Dat
e C
DM
Tim
elin
e D
ates
Inve
stm
ent D
ecis
ion
mad
e 01
/04/
07
Con
tract
sign
ed b
etw
een
TBEC
and
fact
ory
owne
r for
B
OO
T in
vest
men
t. C
ontra
ct c
lear
ly sh
ows t
he
inte
ntio
n an
d C
DM
ince
ntiv
e se
rious
ly c
onsi
dere
d, a
s it
disc
usse
s sha
re o
f rev
enue
from
car
bon
cred
its.
CD
M C
onsu
ltanc
y
06/0
5/07
31
/07/
07
CD
M C
ontra
ct C
onsu
ltanc
y ne
gotia
tions
beg
in
Dat
e of
sign
atur
e of
Con
sulta
ncy
cont
ract
C
DM
Con
sulta
tion
29/1
0/07
G
old
Stan
dard
initi
al c
onsu
ltatio
n m
eetin
g PD
D su
bmitt
ed to
TB
EC fo
r 11
/04/
08
PDD
del
ayed
due
to c
ance
llatio
n of
AM
0022
and
PRO
JEC
T D
ESIG
N D
OC
UM
ENT
FOR
M (C
DM
PD
D) -
Ver
sion
03.
1.
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
pa
ge 2
2 re
view
de
lays
in c
olle
ctin
g da
ta
PDD
subm
itted
to D
oE
04/0
9/08
V
alid
atio
n co
mm
ence
d A
CM
0014
v2.1
requ
ires
that
the
addi
tiona
lity
of th
e pr
ojec
t be
dem
onst
rate
d an
d as
sess
ed u
sing
the
late
st
vers
ion
of t
he “
Tool
for
the
dem
onst
ratio
n an
d as
sess
men
t of
add
ition
ality
” v0
5.2
(EB
39)
Th
e to
ol
defin
es a
step
-wis
e ap
proa
ch a
s fol
low
s:
1.
Iden
tific
atio
n of
alte
rnat
ives
to th
e pr
ojec
t act
ivity
; 2.
In
vest
men
t ana
lysi
s to
det
erm
ine
that
the
prop
osed
pro
ject
act
ivity
is n
ot th
e m
ost e
cono
mic
ally
or
finan
cial
ly a
ttrac
tive;
3.
B
arrie
rs a
naly
sis;
and
4.
C
omm
on p
ract
ice
anal
ysis
. St
ep 1
. Id
entif
icat
ion
of a
ltern
ativ
es t
o th
e pr
ojec
t ac
tivity
con
sist
ent
with
cur
rent
law
s an
d re
gula
tions
Th
e re
alis
tic a
nd c
redi
ble
alte
rnat
ives
to
the
proj
ect
activ
ity a
re i
dent
ified
thr
ough
the
fol
low
ing
two
step
s:
Sub-
step
1a.
Def
ine
alte
rnat
ives
to th
e pr
ojec
t act
ivity
: Th
e pr
ojec
t act
ivity
invo
lves
the
prov
isio
n of
two
outp
uts/
serv
ices
; was
tew
ater
trea
tmen
t and
ele
ctric
ity
gene
ratio
n.
Rea
listic
and
cre
dibl
e al
tern
ativ
e sc
enar
ios
that
del
iver
sim
ilar
outp
uts
and
serv
ices
to th
e pr
ojec
t ac
tivity
wer
e id
entif
ied
in s
ectio
n B
4 as
per
the
“pr
oced
ure
for
the
iden
tific
atio
n of
the
mos
t pl
ausi
ble
base
line
scen
ario
” de
scrib
ed in
AC
M00
14 v
2.1.
Pla
usib
le a
ltern
ativ
e sc
enar
ios
wer
e id
entif
ied
as fo
llow
s:
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent
W1.
The
use
of o
pen
lago
ons f
or th
e tre
atm
ent o
f the
was
tew
ater
; W
2. D
irect
rele
ase
of w
aste
wat
ers t
o a
near
by w
ater
bod
y;
W3.
Aer
obic
was
tew
ater
trea
tmen
t fac
ilitie
s (e.
g., a
ctiv
ated
slud
ge o
r filt
er b
ed ty
pe tr
eatm
ent);
W
4. A
naer
obic
dig
este
r with
met
hane
reco
very
and
flar
ing;
W
5. A
naer
obic
dig
este
r w
ith m
etha
ne r
ecov
ery
and
utili
zatio
n fo
r el
ectri
city
or
heat
gen
erat
ion
(the
prop
osed
pro
ject
act
ivity
with
out C
DM
) G
ener
atio
n of
Ele
ctric
ity
E1. P
ower
gen
erat
ion
usin
g fo
ssil
fuel
s in
a ca
ptiv
e po
wer
pla
nt;
E2. E
lect
ricity
gen
erat
ion
in th
e gr
id;
E3. E
lect
ricity
gen
erat
ion
usin
g re
new
able
sour
ces
Sub-
step
1b.
Con
sist
ency
with
man
dato
ry la
ws a
nd re
gula
tion:
A
s de
term
ined
in
sect
ion
B4,
all
alte
rnat
ive
scen
ario
s ar
e in
com
plia
nce
with
app
licab
le l
egal
and
re
gula
tory
requ
irem
ents
exc
ept f
or th
e di
rect
rele
ase
of w
aste
wat
er in
to n
earb
y w
ater
bod
ies
(W2)
whi
ch
is e
limin
ated
from
furth
er a
naly
sis.
St
ep 2
. Inv
estm
ent a
naly
sis
In th
e st
ep-w
ise
appr
oach
des
crib
ed in
the
“Too
l for
the
dem
onst
ratio
n an
d as
sess
men
t of a
dditi
onal
ity”,
pr
ojec
t par
ticip
ants
may
cho
se to
per
form
eith
er a
n in
vest
men
t ana
lysi
s or
a b
arrie
r ana
lysi
s. T
he B
arrie
r A
naly
sis m
etho
d ha
s bee
n ch
osen
for t
his p
roje
ct a
nd a
n in
vest
men
t ana
lysi
s is n
ot a
pplie
d.
A1-23
PRO
JEC
T D
ESIG
N D
OC
UM
ENT
FOR
M (C
DM
PD
D) -
Ver
sion
03.
1.
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
pa
ge 2
3 St
ep 3
. Bar
rier
ana
lysi
s Th
e ba
rrie
r ana
lysi
s m
etho
d ha
s be
en c
hose
n as
a m
eans
to d
emon
stra
te a
dditi
onal
ly b
ecau
se th
e pr
ojec
t ac
tivity
fa
ces
barr
iers
th
at
prev
ent
its
impl
emen
tatio
n an
d th
ese
barr
iers
do
no
t pr
even
t th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e cu
rren
t pra
ctic
e (S
cena
rios
W1
and
E2).
CD
M re
gist
ratio
n of
the
proj
ect a
ctiv
ity
will
hel
p th
e pr
opon
ents
ove
rcom
e th
ese
barr
iers
. T
he b
arrie
r an
alys
is w
as p
erfo
rmed
thr
ough
the
fo
llow
ing
two
step
s:
Sub-
step
3a.
Iden
tify
barr
iers
that
wou
ld p
reve
nt th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e pr
opos
ed C
DM
pro
ject
A
ctiv
ity:
Ther
e ar
e re
alis
tic a
nd c
redi
ble
barr
iers
that
wou
ld p
reve
nt th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e pr
ojec
t if i
t wer
e no
t re
gist
ered
as a
CD
M a
ctiv
ity.
Thes
e ba
rrie
rs id
entif
ied
for t
his p
roje
ct a
re c
lass
ified
as f
ollo
ws:
•
Inve
stm
ent b
arri
ers
• Te
chno
logi
cal b
arri
ers
• O
ther
Bar
rier
s (as
spec
ified
in o
rigi
nal m
etho
dolo
gy A
M22
Bus
ines
s Cul
ture
bar
rier
s)
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e ‘G
uide
lines
for
Com
plet
ing
CD
M P
DD
s V
7.0
(EB
41)
Sect
ion
B.4
and
B.5
are
co
mpl
imen
tary
and
the
sam
e in
form
atio
n ne
ed n
ot b
e re
plic
ated
in b
oth
sect
ions
. Th
eref
ore
thes
e ba
rrie
rs
will
not
be
elab
orat
ed a
gain
, exc
ept t
o el
abor
ate
in S
ub-s
tep
3b h
ow th
e C
DM
hel
ps to
ove
rcom
e th
ese
barr
iers
to sh
ow th
at th
e pr
ojec
t, w
ithou
t the
CD
M, w
ould
not
go
ahea
d.
Sub-
step
3 b
. Sho
w th
at th
e id
entif
ied
barr
iers
wou
ld n
ot p
reve
nt th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of a
t lea
st o
ne o
f th
e al
tern
ativ
es (e
xcep
t the
pro
pose
d pr
ojec
t act
ivity
):
In s
ectio
n B
4 it
has
been
est
ablis
hed
that
the
sce
nario
W1,
the
use
of
open
lag
oons
, and
sce
nario
E2,
el
ectri
city
gen
erat
ion
in t
he g
rid,
face
no
barr
iers
to
thei
r im
plem
enta
tion/
cont
inue
d us
e.
Thes
e tw
o sc
enar
ios
repr
esen
t th
e ex
istin
g st
anda
rd p
ract
ice
for
the
indu
stry
and
are
not
aff
ecte
d by
the
bar
riers
w
hich
the
prop
osed
CD
M p
roje
ct f
aces
and
dem
onst
rate
d by
the
fact
that
they
are
com
mon
pra
ctic
e in
Th
aila
nd. I
n ad
ditio
n, th
e fo
llow
ing
page
s ou
tline
s ho
w th
e C
DM
hel
ps a
llevi
ate
the
barr
iers
iden
tifie
d in
Se
ctio
n B
.4
Tec
hnol
ogic
al b
arri
ers a
llevi
ated
by
CD
M
CD
M a
llevi
ates
the
tec
hnic
al b
arrie
rs p
revi
ousl
y de
scrib
ed b
y en
surin
g th
at t
he n
eces
sary
exp
ertis
e,
tech
nica
l ski
lls a
nd te
chno
logy
are
del
iver
ed to
the
proj
ect.
Tha
i Bio
gas
Ener
gy C
ompa
ny (T
BEC
) was
fo
rmed
in 2
004
to fi
nanc
e, b
uild
and
ope
rate
bio
gas
proj
ects
. C
DM
has
bee
n ce
ntra
l to
the
busi
ness
pla
n of
TB
EC a
nd a
cru
cial
asp
ect
in t
he d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
proc
esse
s of
all
biog
as p
roje
cts
they
hav
e im
plem
ente
d. T
o da
te T
BEC
hav
e co
mm
issi
oned
thre
e bi
ogas
pla
nts
in T
haila
nd, a
ll of
whi
ch h
ave
been
ap
plyi
ng u
nder
the
CD
M p
roce
dure
as s
how
n in
tabl
e B
.5.a
. N
ame
Plan
t Typ
e St
art o
f Con
stru
ctio
n D
evel
oped
un
der
CD
M?
Kitr
oong
ruan
g Ta
pioc
a Ju
ly 2
004
Yes
Ji
ratp
atta
nna
Tapi
oca
Mar
ch 2
005
Yes
C
hao
Khu
n A
gro
Tapi
oca
June
200
5 Y
es
Tabl
e B
.5.a
: TB
EC b
ioga
s Pro
ject
s in
Thai
land
PRO
JEC
T D
ESIG
N D
OC
UM
ENT
FOR
M (C
DM
PD
D) -
Ver
sion
03.
1.
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
pa
ge 2
4 W
ithou
t C
DM
the
Tha
Cha
ng f
acto
ry w
ould
not
hav
e ac
cess
to
the
tech
nica
l kn
owle
dge
and
skill
s av
aila
ble
thro
ugh
TBEC
. TB
EC h
ave
hire
d W
aste
Sol
utio
ns L
td (
WSL
), w
ho i
s th
e pr
ojec
t de
sign
er.
WSL
hav
e 15
yea
rs o
f in
tern
atio
nal
expe
rienc
e in
CIG
AR
tec
hnol
ogy
whi
ch t
hey
are
trans
ferr
ing
to
Thai
land
. W
hils
t W
SL h
ave
been
inv
olve
d in
CIG
AR
bio
gas
plan
ts i
n ot
her
agric
ultu
re i
ndus
tries
in
Thai
land
, all
of th
ese
proj
ects
hav
e be
en im
plem
ente
d w
ith C
DM
.
The
ince
ntiv
es fr
om th
e C
DM
hav
e cr
eate
d an
env
ironm
ent w
hich
is a
ttrac
tive
for T
BEC
to p
ursu
e bi
ogas
en
ergy
pro
ject
s in
Tha
iland
. TB
EC a
ppro
ache
d th
e Th
a C
hang
fact
ory
with
an
offe
r to
desi
gn, b
uild
and
op
erat
e a
biog
as p
lant
whi
ch w
ill b
e tra
nsfe
rred
to
Tha
Cha
ng f
acto
ry a
fter
10 y
ears
of
oper
atio
n.
With
out t
he o
ffer
from
TB
EC to
bui
ld a
nd o
pera
te th
e pl
ant,
Tha
Cha
ng fa
ctor
y w
ould
not
be
capa
ble
of
sour
cing
the
tec
hnic
al e
xper
tise
nece
ssar
y fo
r co
mpl
etio
n of
the
pro
ject
. Th
e fa
ctor
y ow
ners
‘di
d no
t w
ant t
o ta
ke o
n th
e he
adac
he o
f ope
ratin
g a
biog
as p
lant
… a
nd b
elie
ved
TBEC
wou
ld b
e m
ore
effic
ient
as
they
hav
e th
e ex
perti
se a
nd s
taff
who
alre
ady
know
how
to o
pera
te o
ther
bio
gas
plan
ts’.
A d
escr
iptio
n of
how
eac
h te
chni
cal b
arrie
r is r
emov
ed th
roug
h re
gist
ratio
n as
a C
DM
pro
ject
is a
s fol
low
s:
Ana
erob
ic D
iges
ter P
erfo
rman
ce R
isk
Thro
ugh
the
tech
nolo
gy f
rom
WSL
, TB
EC w
ill h
ave
acce
ss t
o in
tern
atio
nal
expe
rts w
ith d
etai
led
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
biol
ogic
al s
yste
m o
f the
CIG
AR
. TB
EC w
ill a
ssum
e th
e ris
k du
e to
unc
erta
inty
in
dige
stor
per
form
ance
ass
ocia
ted
of t
he C
IGA
R.
Th
e al
tern
ativ
e re
venu
e st
ream
s pr
ovid
ed b
y C
DM
th
roug
h th
e de
stru
ctio
n of
met
hane
redu
ce th
e ris
k of
the
proj
ect d
efau
lting
thro
ugh
decr
ease
d el
ectri
city
re
venu
es.
Dev
elop
ing
the
biog
as p
lant
as
a C
DM
pro
ject
allo
ws
TBEC
to o
ffse
t the
ris
k of
dec
reas
ed
elec
trici
ty p
rodu
ctio
n fr
om p
oor
perf
orm
ance
of
the
dige
stor
. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
con
tract
with
WSL
en
sure
s ac
cess
to
expe
rienc
es t
echn
olog
y pr
ovid
ers
capa
ble
of s
ucce
ssfu
lly m
anag
ing
the
perf
orm
ance
ch
arac
teris
tics o
f the
CIG
AR
. A
cces
s to
Tech
nolo
gy a
nd E
xper
tise
TBEC
will
dra
w o
n th
e ex
perti
se o
f its
par
tner
WSL
to b
ring
the
nece
ssar
y kn
owle
dge
and
skill
s to
the
proj
ect.
Thi
s in
tern
atio
nal
tech
nolo
gy p
rovi
der
has
been
inv
olve
d in
the
tra
nsfe
r of
its
CIG
AR
te
chno
logy
to T
haila
nd th
roug
h th
e su
cces
sful
intro
duct
ion
of C
DM
. A
cces
s to
Skill
ed L
abou
r and
Tec
hnic
al S
ervi
ces
TBEC
will
ow
n an
d op
erat
e th
e pl
ant f
or th
e fir
st te
n ye
ars
of o
pera
tion.
Dur
ing
this
tim
e TB
EC w
ill u
se
the
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills
it ha
s ac
quire
d th
roug
h its
por
tfolio
of
CD
M p
roje
cts
to e
nsur
e th
at th
e bi
ogas
pl
ant
oper
ates
eff
ectiv
ely.
Pr
ior
to h
andi
ng o
ver
the
plan
t, TB
EC w
ill t
rain
fac
tory
per
sonn
el i
n th
e co
rrec
t ope
ratio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce p
roce
dure
s for
the
biog
as p
lant
. En
ergy
Pro
duct
ion
barr
iers
TB
EC w
ill a
cces
s in
dust
ry b
est t
echn
olog
y in
the
form
of a
GE
Jenb
ache
r ded
icat
ed g
as e
ngin
e to
ens
ure
the
effic
ient
and
relia
ble
prod
uctio
n of
ene
rgy
from
the
biog
as p
rodu
ced
from
the
anae
robi
c di
gest
er.
To
ensu
re t
he c
ontin
ued
oper
atio
n of
thi
s co
mpl
icat
ed m
achi
nery
, TB
EC w
ill a
ttrac
t, tra
in a
nd r
etai
n ap
prop
riate
ly sk
illed
staf
f and
dra
w o
n th
e pr
evio
us e
xper
ienc
e it
has g
aine
d th
roug
h its
por
tfolio
of C
DM
pr
ojec
ts.
As
prev
ious
ly d
iscu
ssed
, it i
s on
ly th
roug
h th
e in
cent
ives
pro
vide
d by
CD
M th
at T
BEC
hav
e be
en a
ble
to a
cces
s th
e ne
cess
ary
tech
nolo
gy a
nd s
kills
req
uire
d to
suc
cess
fully
dev
elop
sim
ilar
biog
as
proj
ects
in T
haila
nd.
Inve
stm
ent b
arri
ers a
llevi
ated
by
CD
M
A1-24
PRO
JEC
T D
ESIG
N D
OC
UM
ENT
FOR
M (C
DM
PD
D) -
Ver
sion
03.
1.
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
pa
ge 2
5 Th
e in
vest
men
t bar
riers
alle
viat
ed b
y th
e C
DM
are
dem
onst
rate
d by
the
fact
that
bio
gas p
lant
s at p
alm
oil
plan
ts a
nd m
ost a
gric
ultu
re p
lant
s wer
e ve
ry ra
re in
Tha
iland
prio
r to
the
intro
duct
ion
of th
e C
DM
, de
spite
the
fact
that
thes
e pr
ojec
ts c
ould
ear
n re
venu
e or
mak
e sa
ving
s fro
m e
lect
ricity
pro
duct
ion.
It is
cl
ear t
hat t
he C
DM
has
alle
viat
ed th
is c
omm
erci
al ri
sk a
nd ti
pped
the
bala
nce
to p
roce
ed a
nd b
reak
from
th
e pr
evai
ling
prac
tice
of o
pen
anae
robi
c la
goon
s. O
nly
thro
ugh
the
parti
cipa
tion
of T
BEC
, a
biog
as e
nerg
y de
velo
per
with
int
eres
t in
CD
M c
ertif
ied
emis
sion
red
uctio
ns, w
as t
he f
acto
ry w
illin
g to
acc
ept t
he c
once
pt o
f in
stal
ling
a bi
ogas
pla
nt.
TBEC
ap
proa
ched
the
Tha
Cha
ng fa
ctor
y an
d of
fere
d to
fina
nce
and
build
a b
ioga
s pl
ant t
hrou
gh th
e pr
ovis
ions
of
a b
uild
ow
n op
erat
e an
d tra
nsfe
r co
ntra
ct.
TBEC
ass
ume
the
risk
asso
ciat
ed w
ith a
pplic
atio
n of
a
tech
nolo
gy w
hich
is re
lativ
ely
new
to T
haila
nd a
nd n
ew to
the
appl
icat
ion
to P
OM
E st
ream
s.
Oth
er B
arri
ers -
Bus
ines
s Cul
ture
bar
rier
s D
ue t
o th
e si
gnifi
cant
tec
hnic
al a
nd f
inan
cial
ris
ks, c
ombi
ned
with
a g
ener
al l
ack
of u
nder
stan
ding
of
new
er t
echn
olog
ies,
shar
ehol
ders
are
mor
e re
luct
ant
to i
nves
t in
anae
robi
c di
gest
ers
and
aero
bic
was
te
wat
er t
reat
men
t sy
stem
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
re a
re n
o le
gal
ince
ntiv
es t
o m
ove
away
fro
m t
he e
xist
ing
prac
tice
of a
naer
obic
loca
l lag
oons
.
For T
BEC
at t
he ti
me
of th
eir d
ecis
ion
to p
roce
ed w
ith th
e Th
a C
hang
pro
ject
, the
re w
as n
o ex
perie
nce
in
appl
ying
CIG
AR
PO
ME
tech
nolo
gy in
Tha
iland
, and
onl
y 6
CIG
AR
sys
tem
s ar
e in
oth
er in
dust
ries,
such
as
cas
sava
(bui
lt w
ith C
DM
). T
his
mad
e it
diff
icul
t for
TB
EC to
hav
e co
nfid
ence
in th
e st
arch
CIG
AR
te
chno
logy
in it
s pe
rfor
man
ce w
ith P
OM
E an
d co
mbi
ned
rubb
er w
aste
wat
er.
TBEC
Sha
reho
lder
s w
ere
only
con
vinc
ed a
bout
the
viab
ility
of
the
prop
osed
pro
ject
thro
ugh
the
com
bine
d es
timat
e of
ele
ctric
ity
and
CD
M re
venu
es.
The
estim
ate
of c
ombi
ned
reve
nue
stre
ams
help
ed to
miti
gate
the
risk
perc
eive
d in
in
vest
ing
high
upf
ront
cap
ital i
n ot
herw
ise
unpr
oven
and
unf
amili
ar te
chno
logy
and
at a
3rd
par
ty fa
ctor
y si
te w
here
they
did
not
con
trol t
he p
roje
ct in
puts
. Su
mm
ary:
The
pro
ject
face
s si
gnifi
cant
bar
riers
that
wou
ld p
reve
nt th
e pr
ojec
t fro
m b
eing
com
plet
ed in
th
e ab
senc
e of
CD
M re
gist
ratio
n. T
he p
reva
iling
pra
ctic
e of
Sce
nario
W1
and
E2, w
ould
con
tinue
in th
e ab
senc
e of
the
proj
ect.
Step
4 –
Com
mon
Pra
ctic
e A
naly
sis
Sub-
step
4a.
Ana
lyse
oth
er a
ctiv
ities
sim
ilar t
o th
e pr
opos
ed p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity:
As
men
tione
d in
Sec
tion
B.4
The
pre
vaili
ng p
ract
ice
for p
alm
oil
mill
s in
Tha
iland
is to
dis
pose
and
trea
t th
e PO
ME
in o
pen
lago
ons15
. A
s in
dica
ted
by a
lette
r fro
m th
e C
hairm
an o
f the
Pal
m O
il C
rush
ing
Mill
A
ssoc
iatio
n16, t
here
are
aro
und
33 la
rge
palm
oil
crus
hing
mill
s in
Tha
iland
, and
prio
r to
the
effe
ctiv
e im
plem
enta
tion
of C
DM
, it
was
not
com
mon
pra
ctic
e fo
r bi
ogas
pla
nts
to b
e in
stal
led.
Thi
s is
als
o co
nfirm
ed f
rom
int
ervi
ews
with
exp
erts
17 o
n th
e Th
ai p
alm
oil
indu
stry
, whi
ch in
dica
tes
that
pal
m o
il
15 A
s ou
tline
d in
Sec
tion
A.4
the
pro
ject
is
a pr
edom
inat
ely
POM
E bi
ogas
sys
tem
, w
ith a
tin
y fr
actio
n of
org
anic
loa
d fr
om t
he r
ubbe
r w
aste
wat
er (l
ess
than
4%
). N
ever
thel
ess,
the
prev
ailin
g pr
actic
e fo
r dis
posa
l of r
ubbe
r was
tew
ater
is in
ope
n la
goon
s, ac
cord
ing
to D
r Sar
oach
(F
ootn
ote
2),
a Th
ai r
ubbe
r w
aste
wat
er e
xper
t, 50
-60%
of
rubb
er f
acto
ries
treat
the
ir w
aste
wat
er i
n op
en l
agoo
ns.
The
rem
aini
ng r
ubbe
r w
aste
wat
er is
trea
ted
with
oth
er s
yste
ms,
mai
nly
a co
mbi
natio
n of
act
ivat
ed s
ludg
e an
d U
ASB
sys
tem
s (s
ee F
ootn
ote
4).
Dr S
aroa
ch e
xpla
ined
th
at m
ore
rece
ntly
oth
er tr
eatm
ent s
yste
ms
have
bee
n us
ed m
ainl
y w
hen
ther
e ar
e is
sues
in a
cces
sing
eno
ugh
land
or t
o im
prov
e th
e tre
atm
ent o
f th
e w
aste
wat
er fo
r com
plia
nce.
16
As c
ited
prev
ious
ly in
Foo
tnot
e 1
17 A
s cite
d pr
evio
usly
in F
ootn
ote
2
PRO
JEC
T D
ESIG
N D
OC
UM
ENT
FOR
M (C
DM
PD
D) -
Ver
sion
03.
1.
CD
M –
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
pa
ge 2
6 m
ills
in T
haila
nd u
sed
open
pon
d sy
stem
s. Th
ere
wer
e on
ly 2
smal
l pilo
t bio
gas p
lant
s in
oper
atio
n18, o
ne
of w
hich
was
inst
alle
d w
ith a
gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
gran
t, th
e ot
her
was
bui
lt be
caus
e th
at f
acto
ry w
as
repo
rted
to h
ave
a po
llutio
n pr
oble
m w
ith th
e ex
istin
g tre
atm
ent p
onds
, and
this
pro
ject
has
app
lied
for
CD
M.
Sinc
e th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of C
DM
a n
umbe
r of b
ioga
s pl
ants
hav
e be
en b
uilt
with
sup
port
of th
e C
DM
. In
acc
orda
nce
with
Pag
e 9
of th
e “T
ool f
or th
e de
mon
stra
tion
and
asse
ssm
ent o
f ad
ditio
nalit
y”,
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ities
are
not
to b
e in
clud
ed in
this
ana
lysi
s.
Tha
Cha
ng P
alm
Oil
and
Rub
ber
fact
ory
com
plie
s w
ith a
ll en
viro
nmen
tal r
egul
atio
ns a
nd h
as s
uffic
ient
sp
ace
with
in th
e co
mpo
und
to tr
eat t
he w
aste
wat
er f
rom
the
rubb
er f
acto
ry.
In f
act,
not a
ll of
the
open
la
goon
s at
Tha
Cha
ng a
re b
eing
use
d. T
here
fore
ther
e is
no
com
plia
nce
or la
nd a
cces
s re
ason
why
they
w
ould
inst
all a
cov
ered
lago
on o
r oth
er tr
eatm
ent s
yste
m in
the
base
line
case
. Su
b-st
ep 4
b. D
iscu
ss a
ny si
mila
r opt
ions
that
are
occ
urri
ng
Bot
h th
e bi
ogas
pro
ject
s pr
evio
usly
dev
elop
ed a
t Pal
m O
il M
ills
wer
e ba
sed
on ta
nk r
eact
ors
and
used
m
odifi
ed r
econ
ditio
ned
truck
eng
ines
as
gene
rato
rs.
One
of
thes
e pr
ojec
ts h
as a
pplie
d un
der
the
CD
M.
Thes
e te
chno
logi
es a
re c
onsi
dera
bly
less
com
plex
and
less
eff
icie
nt th
an th
e co
vere
d in
-gro
und
anae
robi
c di
gest
or a
nd d
edic
ated
gas
eng
ine
used
in th
e pr
ojec
t act
ivity
. The
tank
rea
ctor
and
rec
ondi
tione
d tru
ck
engi
ne r
epre
sent
a c
heap
er a
ltern
ativ
e an
d on
e th
at i
s m
ore
likel
y to
be
subj
ect
to t
echn
ical
pro
blem
s du
ring
oper
atio
n.
Ther
e ar
e si
gnifi
cant
diff
eren
ces
betw
een
the
biog
as p
lant
and
the
proj
ect a
ctiv
ity w
hich
ens
ure
that
thes
e pr
ojec
ts d
o no
t con
tradi
ct th
e ar
gum
ents
mad
e in
the
barr
ier
anal
ysis
. O
ne o
f the
se p
lant
s w
as in
stal
led
with
the
aid
of
a go
vern
men
t re
sear
ch g
rant
. Th
is g
rant
hel
ped
to r
emov
e th
e te
chni
cal
and
finan
cial
ba
rrie
rs w
hich
are
enc
ount
ered
by
the
proj
ect a
ctiv
ity.
Ther
efor
e, th
is p
roje
ct d
iffer
s si
gnifi
cant
ly f
rom
th
e pr
opos
ed p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity, a
nd d
o no
t con
tradi
ct th
e cl
aim
that
the
proj
ect i
s add
ition
al.
The
2nd p
roje
ct
is a
CD
M p
roje
ct a
nd th
eref
ore
excl
uded
from
the
com
mon
pra
ctic
e an
alys
is.
B.6
. E
mis
sion
red
uctio
ns:
B
.6.1
. E
xpla
natio
n of
met
hodo
logi
cal c
hoic
es:
The
appl
icab
le m
etho
dolo
gy,
AC
M00
14,
is s
uita
ble
for
proj
ect
activ
ities
aim
ed a
t re
duci
ng m
etha
ne
emis
sion
s fr
om i
ndus
trial
was
tew
ater
tre
atm
ent.
Tw
o sc
enar
ios
are
appl
icab
le t
o th
e m
etho
dolo
gy a
s de
scrib
ed i
n th
e fo
llow
ing
tabl
e fr
om A
CM
0014
. S
cena
rio 1
is
appl
icab
le t
o th
e pr
ojec
t ac
tivity
as
esta
blis
hed
in se
ctio
n B
.2.
Scen
ario
D
escr
iptio
n of
the
base
line
situ
atio
n D
escr
iptio
n of
the
proj
ect a
ctiv
ity
1 Th
e w
aste
wat
er is
not
tre
ated
, but
dire
cted
to
open
lago
ons t
hat h
ave
clea
rly a
naer
obic
The
resi
denc
e tim
e of
the
was
tew
ater
trea
ted
in th
e op
en
lago
ons i
s ove
r 552
day
s (pl
ease
refe
r to
Sect
ion
B.2
). Th
e w
aste
wat
er is
trea
ted
in a
new
ana
erob
ic d
iges
ter.
The
biog
as e
xtra
cted
from
the
anae
robi
c di
gest
er is
18
As c
ited
prev
ious
ly in
Foo
tnot
e 14
A1-25
UN
FCC
C/C
CN
UC
C
CD
M �
Exe
cutiv
e B
oard
EB
53
Rep
ort
Anne
x 26
Pa
ge 1
Ann
ex 2
6
Reg
istr
atio
n
Scop
e of
the
revi
ew o
n �T
BE
C T
ha C
hang
Bio
gas P
roje
ct�
(297
0)
1.
The
Boa
rd a
gree
d to
und
erta
ke a
rev
iew
of
the
proj
ect
activ
ity �
TBEC
Tha
Cha
ng B
ioga
s Pr
ojec
t� (2
970)
. 2.
Th
e B
oard
agr
eed
that
the
sco
pe o
f th
e re
view
rel
atin
g to
iss
ues
asso
ciat
ed w
ith v
alid
atio
n re
quire
men
ts s
hall
cove
r a
revi
ew t
o as
sess
the
add
ition
ality
of
the
proj
ect
activ
ity,
thro
ugh
an
asse
ssm
ent o
f:
(a
) T
he b
arrie
r an
alys
is,
in p
artic
ular
how
the
DO
E ha
s va
lidat
ed t
he t
echn
olog
ical
, in
vest
men
t an
d bu
sine
ss c
ultu
re b
arrie
rs p
rese
nted
in
the
PDD
, in
line
with
the
VV
M
para
grap
hs 1
13, 1
14, 1
15 a
nd 1
16; a
nd
(b)
The
inve
stm
ent a
naly
sis,
in p
artic
ular
, how
the
DO
E ha
s val
idat
ed th
e:
(i)
Su
itabi
lity
of th
e be
nchm
ark,
as t
he R
OE
has n
ot b
een
fully
subs
tant
iate
d;
(ii)
Suita
bilit
y of
the
inp
ut v
alue
s, re
gard
ing:
how
the
ele
ctric
ity g
ener
atio
n (8
,680
M
Wh/
y) f
rom
the
WSL
Rep
ort h
as b
een
cons
ider
ed m
ore
cons
erva
tive
than
the
valu
e ca
lcul
ated
by
the
CD
M c
onsu
ltant
s (9
,164
MW
h/y)
; th
e O
&M
cos
ts,
incl
udin
g th
e 2%
ann
ual
esca
latio
n; a
nd t
he e
xclu
sion
of
the
varia
tion
in t
he
elec
trici
ty g
ener
atio
n in
the
sen
sitiv
ity a
naly
sis;
and
to
pres
ent
and
valid
ate
the
inve
stm
ent
anal
ysis
con
side
ring
the
inpu
t va
lues
in
line
with
the
tot
al c
apac
ity
afte
r the
seco
nd e
lect
ricity
gen
erat
or is
inst
alle
d (i.
e., 2
.8M
W).
- - -
- -
Pro
ject
29
70
EB
53, A
nnex
26,
26
Mar
ch 2
010
Dec
isio
n C
lass
: Rul
ing
Doc
umen
t Typ
e: S
cope
of R
evie
w
Bus
ines
s Fu
nctio
n: R
egis
tratio
n
A1-26
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CD
M5
:
Me
as
ure
s t
o o
bta
in C
ER
s
fro
m C
DM
pro
jec
ts
7 S
epte
mb
er, 2
01
0
JIC
A E
xper
t T
eam
Marik
o F
UJIM
OR
I
2The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ob
jecti
ves o
f th
is s
ecti
on
Ob
jecti
ve
s o
f th
is s
ecti
on
are
:
-To u
nders
tand b
asi
c pro
cedure
s to
obta
in C
ER
s fr
om
CD
M
pro
ject
s, f
rom
the v
iew
poin
t of
pro
ject
part
icip
ants
(PPs)
,
-To u
nders
tand d
ifficu
ltie
s and b
arr
iers
whic
h t
he P
Ps
enco
unte
r fr
equently, and
-To c
onsi
der
options
how
to a
void
these
difficu
ltie
s.
3The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Cri
tical
po
ints
to
ob
tain
CE
Rs
Fro
m o
ur
ex
pe
rie
nce
s:
-Sele
ctio
n o
f a p
roje
ct t
ype,
-Sele
ctio
n o
f a D
OE (
and p
ers
on(s
) in
charg
e),
for
valid
ation,
-Im
ple
menta
tion o
f th
e p
roje
ct (
incl
udin
g E
RPA),
-M
onitoring,
-Sele
ctio
n o
f a D
OE f
or
verifica
tion/c
ert
ific
ation (
In c
ase
of
SSC:
sam
e D
OE is
OK.)
,
-R
equest
for
issu
ance
-->
obta
in C
ER
s.
Registration
Fro
m v
ery
be
gin
nin
g
sta
ge
of
the
pro
jec
t!
Un
til m
idd
le a
nd
fin
al
sta
ge
of
the
pro
jec
t!
4The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Pro
ced
ure
s f
or
issu
an
ce o
f C
ER
Ste
ps
an
d n
ec
ess
ary
do
cu
me
nts
Contr
act
with a
DO
E
Monitoring
activitie
s
Monitoring
Report
MR
: O
pen
to p
ublic
Verification
(on s
ite
insp
ecti
on)
Cert
ific
ation
V R
eport
& C
Report
VR
and C
R:
Subm
it to P
P, P
art
ies, E
Band o
pen to p
ublic
Receiv
eth
e C
R
Issuance
not appro
ved
Issuance
of C
ER
s
Request
for
revie
w
Revie
wconducte
d
Info
rm the
outc
om
e
PP
DO
EE
B
Re
qu
est
for
issu
an
ce
A1-27
5The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
ere
are
th
e “
pit
fall
s”
for
the P
Ps?
Contr
act
with a
DO
E
Monitoring
activitie
s
Monitoring
report
PP
!!!!
!!!!
!!!!
!!
•W
hic
h D
OE (
and w
ho)
do y
ou
sele
ct?
•Syst
em
s are
lack
/not
in p
lace
(m
ost
co
mm
on:
calib
ration),
•Em
issi
on c
alc
ula
tion is
diffe
rent
from
th
e r
egis
tere
d P
DD
,•
Hig
her
claim
of
CER
s th
an e
stim
ate
d
in t
he P
DD
without
just
ific
ation,
•The D
OE f
aile
d t
o r
equest
for
devia
tion o
r re
vis
ion o
f th
e
monitoring p
lan,
•D
eta
iled e
xce
l sh
eet
is n
ot
availa
ble
.
!!
6The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Reaso
ns o
f is
su
an
ce r
eje
cti
on
La
test
ex
am
ple
s 1
EE
pro
ject
in I
nd
ia:
-PD
D r
equires
to c
alc
ula
te t
he e
mis
sion r
educt
ions
usi
ng
tota
l opera
ting h
ours
in t
he p
roje
ct x
the d
iffe
rence
betw
een t
he p
re-
and p
ost
-pro
ject
hourly p
ow
er
consu
mption f
or
each
pro
ject
measu
re,
-W
here
as
the P
P/D
OE c
alc
ula
ted t
he b
ase
line e
mis
sions
base
d o
n a
nnualiz
ed e
lect
rici
ty c
onsu
mption.
7The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Reaso
ns o
f is
su
an
ce r
eje
cti
on
La
test
ex
am
ple
s 2
Win
d p
ow
er
pro
ject
in t
he
Ph
ilip
pin
es:
-The f
orm
ula
e t
o c
alc
ula
te t
he e
lect
rici
ty s
upplie
d t
o t
he
grid b
y t
he p
roje
ct w
as
applie
d c
orr
ect
ly:
not
suff
icie
ntly
dem
onst
rate
d,
-The c
alc
ula
tion o
f ele
ctrici
ty s
upplie
d t
akes
into
acc
ount
all
sourc
es
of
ele
ctrici
ty im
port
s fr
om
the g
rid t
o t
he
pro
ject
: not
suff
icie
ntly d
em
onst
rate
d,
-The D
OE f
aile
d t
o r
equest
for
devia
tion o
r re
vis
ion o
f th
e
monitoring p
lan:
additio
nal m
ete
rs w
ere
inst
alle
d b
ut
origin
al pla
n w
as
direct
measu
rem
ent.
8The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Reaso
ns o
f re
jecti
on
-exam
ple
s
-PP a
nd D
OE d
id n
ot
pro
vid
e a
dequate
evid
ence
of
the
exis
tence
and s
ignific
ance
of
a b
arr
ier,
-D
OE h
as
acc
epte
d a
modific
ation o
f th
e a
ppro
ved
monitoring m
eth
odolo
gy
without
request
ing a
devia
tion,
-D
OE h
as
not
suff
icie
ntly v
erified t
hat
the m
onitoring p
lan
is in a
ccord
ance
with t
he a
ppro
ved m
eth
odolo
gy,
-PP a
nd
the D
OE
could
not
dem
onst
rate
th
at
independent
ass
ess
ment
has
been c
onduct
ed t
o c
onfirm
th
at
the c
laim
ed e
mis
sion r
educt
ions
resu
lt s
ole
ly f
rom
th
e p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity,
-There
is
no r
efe
rence
on w
hat
tim
e t
he d
aily
sam
ple
was
taken,
A1-28
9The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dif
fere
nce o
f em
issio
n r
ed
ucti
on
in
PD
D a
nd
mo
nit
ore
d r
esu
lts
Re
gis
tere
d C
DM
pro
jects
in
Th
ail
an
d (
last
thre
e y
ea
rs)
u
sin
g A
CM
00
06
-C
on
so
lid
ate
d m
eth
od
olo
gy f
or
ele
ctr
icit
y g
en
era
tio
n f
rom
bio
ma
ss r
esid
ue
s
Ref.
No
.P
roje
ct N
ame
Reduct
ion
in P
DD
Red
uct
ion
in M
RM
onitor
ed
mon
ths
15
19
Sura
t Thani B
iom
ass
Pow
erG
ener
atio
n P
roje
ct in
Tha
iland
106,
592
42,9
93
106,5
92
40.3
%12
10
24
Phu K
hie
o B
io-E
ner
gy
Cogen
era
tion
pro
ject
(P
KB
C)
102,
493
395,0
10
307,4
79
128.5
%36
10
20
Dan C
hang B
io-E
ner
gy
Cogen
era
tion
pro
ject
(D
CB
C)
93,
129
328,9
54
279,3
87
117.7
%36
10
36
Khon
Kaen
Sugar
Pow
er P
lant
61,
449
50,8
11
46,0
87
110.3
%9
10
26
A.T
. B
iopow
er R
ice
Husk
Pow
er
Pro
ject
in P
ichit,
Thaila
nd
70,
772
104,6
89
106,1
58
98.6
%18
Redu
ctio
n in
PD
D /
monito
red
So
urc
e:
UN
FC
CC
(as o
f Ju
ne 2
010)
10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dif
fere
nce o
f em
issio
n r
ed
ucti
on
in
PD
D a
nd
mo
nit
ore
d r
esu
lts
10
re
gis
tere
d C
DM
pro
jects
(la
st
thre
e y
ea
rs,
ex
ce
pt
for
Th
ail
an
d)
usin
g A
CM
00
06
So
urc
e:
UN
FC
CC
(as o
f Ju
ne 2
010)
Reduction
in P
DD
Reduction
in M
R
Monitore
d
month
s
183,6
92
47,5
27
229,6
15
20.7
%8
46,6
80
14,9
23
50,5
70
29.5
%6
113,4
33
77,9
95
160,6
97
48.5
%12
41,2
84
10,4
79
13,7
61
76.1
%13
54,5
02
6,9
82
9,0
84
76.9
%2
45,7
50
303,6
86
305,0
00
99.6
%15
130,6
38
87,6
21
87,0
92
100.6
%17
19,9
37
105,6
47
94,7
01
111.6
%57
140,6
95
178,2
63
140,6
95
126.7
%80
39,6
36
59,1
52
19,8
18
298.5
%4
Reduction in
PD
D / m
onitore
d
11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
y s
uch
dif
fere
nces o
ccu
r?
Pro
ject
de
sig
n i
tse
lf;
-Applic
abili
ty/a
bili
ty o
f th
e u
tiliz
ed t
ech
nolo
gy,
-In
appro
priate
opera
tion o
f th
e p
roje
ct,
-D
ela
y o
f pro
ject
im
ple
menta
tion (
const
ruct
ion, opera
tion,
ER
PA, etc
.),
Mo
nit
ori
ng
;
-M
onitoring p
lan w
as
not
realis
tic,
-Corr
ect
calib
ration w
as
not
carr
ied o
ut,
-M
onitoring m
eth
odolo
gy w
as
not
suitable
to t
he p
roje
ct.
12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Tech
nic
al
issu
es -
LF
G
Pro
ble
m o
f m
eth
od
olo
gy i
tse
lf
-LFG
colle
ctio
n a
nd d
est
ruct
ion/u
tiliz
ation p
roje
cts,
-Avera
ge e
mis
sion r
educt
ion a
chie
vem
ent:
less
than 4
0%
,
-Pro
ble
m o
f appro
ved m
eth
odolo
gy (
meth
odolo
gic
al to
ol)
: Tool to
dete
rmin
e m
eth
ane e
mis
sions
avoid
ed f
rom
dis
posa
l of
wast
e a
t a s
olid
wast
e d
isposa
l si
te
-The c
alc
ula
tion is
base
d o
n a
first
ord
er
deca
y (
FO
D)
model. -
-> c
ause
d o
vere
stim
ation.
A1-29
13
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Tech
nic
al
issu
es -
HF
C
Info
rma
tio
n N
ote
(E
B5
5):
Re
qu
est
for
the
Me
th
pa
ne
l to
co
nti
nu
e w
ork
on
HFC
pro
jects
(1)
Develo
pm
ents
of
supply
and d
em
and in t
he g
lobal
HCFC22 m
ark
et,
cla
rify
ing w
heth
er
CD
M H
FC f
aci
litie
s are
incr
easi
ng t
heir p
roduct
ion a
nd w
heth
er
more
H
FC23 h
ad o
r co
uld
have b
een g
enera
ted t
han w
ould
have h
appened w
ithout
the C
DM
.
Re
qu
est
for
revie
w:
-10
HFC p
roje
cts
request
ed
for
issu
ance
are
under
request
for
revie
w, and t
he t
ota
l CER
am
ount
from
th
em
are
13,5
60,0
73.
14
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ho
w t
o a
vo
id t
hese p
rob
lem
s
Mo
nit
ori
ng
is m
ost
imp
ort
an
t!!
-Est
ablis
h c
orr
ect
, pra
ctic
al and r
ealis
tic
monitoring p
lan,
-Carr
y o
ut
the m
onitoring a
ccura
tely
,
-In
som
e m
eth
odolo
gie
s, m
onitoring p
ara
mete
r ta
ble
s are
att
ach
ed, in
dic
ating r
ele
vant
para
mete
rs w
hic
h s
hall
be
monitore
d.
A1-30
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
Mea
sure
s in
Co
mm
erc
ial
Bu
ild
ing
an
d
Res
iden
tia
l S
ecto
r
23
, N
ov
em
ber,
20
10
Dep
uty
chie
f ad
vis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
Kazu
hit
o Y
AM
AD
A
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
1.
Ch
ara
cte
rist
ics
of
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
in C
om
me
rcia
l b
uil
din
g a
nd
ho
use
ho
ld
Se
cto
r
2.
Ov
erv
iew
of
En
erg
y E
ffic
ien
cy P
rin
cip
le
3.
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
op
tio
ns
in b
uil
din
gs
an
d e
qu
ipm
en
t
4.
Ba
rrie
rs t
o a
do
pti
ng
bu
ild
ing
te
chn
olo
gie
s a
nd
pra
ctic
es
tha
t re
du
ce G
HG
e
mis
sio
ns
5.
En
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
in
Th
ail
an
d
6.
En
erg
y I
nte
nsi
ty i
n T
ha
ila
nd
an
d J
ap
an
7.
Jap
an
ese
ex
pe
rie
nce
8.
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in b
uil
din
gs/
ho
use
ho
lds
sect
or:
ca
se s
tud
ies
(Ho
tel,
Co
mm
erc
ial
bu
ild
ing
, u
nd
erg
rou
nd
sh
op
pin
g m
all
)
9.
Co
mp
ari
son
be
twe
en
CF
L a
nd
LE
D
10
.N
ew
Te
chn
olo
gy
: C
CF
L
11
.E
xe
rcis
es
To
da
y’s
Ag
en
da
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
�S
ub
sta
nti
al
red
uct
ion
s in
CO
2e
mis
sio
ns
fro
m e
ne
rgy
use
in
b
uil
din
gs
can
be
ach
iev
ed
ov
er
the
co
min
g y
ea
rs u
sin
g m
atu
re
tech
no
log
ies
for
en
erg
y e
ffic
ien
cy t
ha
t a
lre
ad
y e
xis
t w
ide
ly
an
d t
ha
t h
av
e b
ee
n s
ucc
ess
full
y u
sed
(h
igh
ag
ree
me
nt,
mu
ch
ev
ide
nce
).
�In
sp
ite
of
the
av
ail
ab
ilit
y o
f th
ese
hig
h-e
ffic
ien
cy t
ech
no
log
ies
an
d p
ract
ice
s, e
ne
rgy
use
in
bu
ild
ing
s co
nti
nu
es
to b
e m
uch
h
igh
er
tha
n n
ece
ssa
ry.
Th
ere
are
ma
ny
re
aso
ns
for
this
en
erg
y
wa
ste
in
bu
ild
ing
s.
�M
ea
sure
s to
re
du
ce G
HG
em
issi
on
s fr
om
bu
ild
ing
s fa
ll i
nto
o
ne
of
thre
e c
ate
go
rie
s: r
ed
uci
ng
en
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
an
d
em
bo
die
d e
ne
rgy
in
bu
ild
ing
s, s
wit
chin
g t
o l
ow
-ca
rbo
n f
ue
ls
incl
ud
ing
a h
igh
er
sha
re o
f re
ne
wa
ble
en
erg
y,
or
con
tro
llin
g
the
em
issi
on
s o
f n
on
-CO
2G
HG
ga
ses.
Ch
ara
cte
rist
ics
of
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
in C
om
me
rcia
l
bu
ild
ing
an
d h
ou
seh
old
Se
cto
r (W
G.3
, IP
CC
-AR
4)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
�R
ed
uce
he
ati
ng
, co
oli
ng
an
d l
igh
tin
g l
oa
ds
�U
tili
ze a
ctiv
e s
ola
r e
ne
rgy
an
d o
the
r e
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
he
at
sou
rce
s a
nd
sin
ks
�In
cre
ase
eff
icie
ncy
of
ap
pli
an
ces,
he
ati
ng
an
d c
oo
lin
g
eq
uip
me
nt
an
d v
en
tila
tio
n
�Im
ple
me
nt
com
mis
sio
nin
g a
nd
im
pro
ve
op
era
tio
ns
an
d
ma
inte
na
nce
�C
ha
ng
e b
eh
av
ior
�U
tili
ze s
yst
em
ap
pro
ach
es
to b
uil
din
g d
esi
gn
�C
on
sid
er
bu
ild
ing
fo
rm,
ori
en
tati
on
an
d r
ela
ted
att
rib
ute
s
�M
inim
ize
ha
loca
rbo
n e
mis
sio
ns
Ov
erv
iew
of
En
erg
y E
ffic
ien
cy P
rin
cip
le
(WG
.3,
IPC
C-A
R4
)
A1-31
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
�T
he
rma
l e
nv
elo
pe
(in
sula
tio
n,
win
do
ws,
air
le
ak
ag
e)
�H
ea
tin
g s
yst
em
s (p
ass
ive
so
lar
he
ati
ng
, sp
ace
he
ati
ng
sy
ste
ms)
�C
oo
lin
g a
nd
co
oli
ng
lo
ad
s (r
ed
uci
ng
th
e c
oo
lin
g l
oa
d,
pa
ssiv
e a
nd
lo
w-e
ne
rgy
co
oli
ng
te
chn
iqu
es
�H
ea
tin
g,
ve
nti
lati
on
an
d a
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
(H
VA
C)
syst
em
s
�B
uil
din
g e
ne
rgy
ma
na
ge
me
nt
syst
em
s (B
EM
S)
�A
ctiv
e c
oll
ect
ion
an
d t
ran
sfo
rma
tio
n o
f so
lar
en
erg
y
(Bu
ild
ing
-in
teg
rate
d P
V,
sola
r th
erm
al
en
erg
y f
or
he
ati
ng
an
d h
ot
wa
ter
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
op
tio
ns
in b
uil
din
gs
an
d
eq
uip
me
nt
(WG
.3,
IPC
C-A
R4
)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
�D
om
est
ic h
ot
wa
ter
�Li
gh
tin
g s
yst
em
s (h
igh
eff
icie
ncy
ele
ctri
c li
gh
tin
g)
�D
ay
lig
hti
ng
�H
ou
seh
old
ap
pli
an
ces,
co
nsu
me
r e
lect
ron
ics
an
d
off
ice
eq
uip
me
nt
�S
up
erm
ark
et
refr
ige
rati
on
sy
ste
ms
�E
ne
rgy
sa
vin
gs
thro
ug
h r
etr
ofi
ts
�T
rad
e-o
ffs
be
twe
en
em
bo
die
d e
ne
rgy
an
d o
pe
rati
ng
e
ne
rgy
�T
rad
e-o
ffs
inv
olv
ing
en
erg
y-r
ela
ted
em
issi
on
s a
nd
h
alo
carb
on
em
issi
on
s
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
op
tio
ns
in b
uil
din
gs
an
d
eq
uip
me
nt
(WG
.3,
IPC
C-A
R4
) co
nti
nu
ed
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
�Li
mit
ati
on
s o
f th
e t
rad
itio
na
l b
uil
din
g d
esi
gn
pro
cess
an
d
fra
gm
en
ted
ma
rke
t st
ruct
ure
�M
isp
lace
d i
nce
nti
ve
s
�E
ne
rgy
su
bsi
die
s, n
on
-pa
ym
en
t a
nd
th
eft
�R
eg
ula
tory
ba
rrie
rs
�S
ma
ll p
roje
ct s
ize
, tr
an
sact
ion
co
sts
an
d p
erc
eiv
ed
ris
k
�Im
pe
rfe
ct i
nfo
rma
tio
n
�C
ult
ure
, b
eh
av
ior,
lif
est
yle
an
d t
he
re
bo
un
d e
ffe
ct
Ba
rrie
rs t
o a
do
pti
ng
bu
ild
ing
te
chn
olo
gie
s a
nd
pra
ctic
es
tha
t re
du
ce G
HG
em
issi
on
s (W
G.I
II,
AR
4)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
En
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
in
Th
ail
an
d
So
urc
e:
Min
istr
y o
f E
ne
rgy
A1-32
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
En
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
in
Th
ail
an
d
Industrial
44%
Commercial
25%
Residential
22%
Other
9%
Sh
are
of
ele
ctri
city
use
: E
lect
rici
ty c
on
sum
pti
on
in
bu
ild
ing
s
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
En
erg
y I
nte
nsi
ty i
n T
ha
ila
nd
an
d J
ap
an
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
ktoe/million USD GDP at constant 2000 prices
19
90
20
05
Sou
rce:
Presen
tati
on
of
LC
S S
em
inar,
20
10
Th
ai
EI
is m
ore
th
an
tw
ice
th
at
of
de
ve
lop
ed
co
un
trie
s
Th
ai
EI
is m
ore
th
an
tw
ice
th
at
of
de
ve
lop
ed
co
un
trie
s
EI
in J
ap
an
is
ve
ry l
ow
th
an
oth
er
de
ve
lop
ed
co
un
trie
s.
EI
in J
ap
an
is
ve
ry l
ow
th
an
oth
er
de
ve
lop
ed
co
un
trie
s.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
•T
he
“A
ct o
n t
he
Ra
tio
na
l U
se o
f E
ne
rgy
”w
as
est
ab
lish
ed
on
1
97
9.
•T
he
ma
in o
bje
ctiv
es
are
to
ass
ure
th
e e
ffe
ctiv
e u
se o
f fu
el
reso
urc
es
an
d r
ati
on
ali
ze t
he
en
erg
y u
se
•In
ord
er
to f
urt
he
r ra
tio
na
lize
th
e e
ne
rgy
use
in
in
du
stry
an
d
ho
use
ho
ld,
the
Act
wa
s re
vis
ed
in
20
08
an
d c
am
e i
nto
fo
rce
in
20
09
.
–Fa
cto
rie
s,
–T
ran
spo
rta
tio
n,
–R
esi
de
nce
s a
nd
bu
ild
ing
s, a
nd
–M
ach
ine
ry a
nd
ap
plia
nce
s.
Jap
an
ese
exp
eri
en
ce:
Am
en
dm
en
t o
f
Ra
tio
na
liza
tio
n i
n E
ne
rgy
Use
La
w
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
•S
tep
pe
d-u
p s
ecu
rity
fo
r la
rge*1
resi
de
nce
s a
nd
bu
ild
ing
s(i
ntr
od
uct
ion
of
ord
ers
in
ad
dit
ion
to
in
stru
ctio
ns
an
d n
oti
ces)
in
case
of
on
ly s
ign
ific
an
tly
insu
ffic
ien
t e
ne
rgy-s
avi
ng
me
asu
res
ha
ve b
ee
n c
arr
ied
ou
t,
•R
ep
ort
on
en
erg
y-sa
vin
g m
eth
od
s b
y o
wn
ers
of
sma
ll-
to
me
diu
m-s
ize
d r
esi
de
nce
s a
nd
bu
ild
ing
sa
bo
ve a
ce
rta
in s
ize*2
,
•A
do
pti
on
of
en
erg
y-sa
vin
g m
ea
sure
s b
y b
usi
ne
sse
s e
ng
ag
ed
in
th
e c
on
stru
ctio
n a
nd
sa
les
of
resi
de
nce
s(s
ecu
rity
th
rou
gh
re
com
me
nd
ati
on
s a
nd
ord
ers
fo
r th
ose
wh
o a
re e
ng
ag
ed
in
th
e
con
stru
ctio
n a
nd
sa
les
of
a l
arg
e n
um
be
r o
f re
sid
en
ces)
,
•In
dic
ati
on
of
the
en
erg
y s
av
ing
pe
rfo
rma
nce
of
resi
de
nce
s a
nd
b
uil
din
gs.
(sp
eci
fy e
ffo
rt o
f h
ou
sin
g b
usi
ne
sse
s e
ng
ag
ed
in t
he
sa
les
an
d l
ea
se o
f b
uil
din
gs)
Jap
an
ese
exp
eri
en
ce:
Ma
in r
evis
ed
po
ints
re
late
d t
o B
uil
din
g
La
rge
sca
le:
ove
r 2
,00
0m
2to
tal flo
or
are
a,
S
ma
ll to
me
diu
m:
ove
r 3
00
m2
tota
l flo
or
are
a
A1-33
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
•H
ot-
wa
ter
sup
ply
fa
cili
ty,
Fe
ed
-w
ate
r a
nd
dra
ina
ge
fa
cili
ty
–te
mp
era
ture
co
ntr
ol,
re
cla
ma
tio
n
wa
ter
•A
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
, v
en
tila
tin
g
faci
liti
es
–te
mp
era
ture
co
ntr
ol,
in
sta
ll h
igh
e
ffic
ien
cy f
aci
lity
•Li
gh
tin
g f
aci
lity
, e
lev
ato
r, e
lect
ric
eq
uip
me
nt
–in
sta
ll h
igh
eff
icie
ncy
fa
cility
, vo
lta
ge
a
dju
stm
en
t
•M
an
ag
em
en
t e
tc.
Jap
an
ese
exp
eri
en
ce:
Exa
mp
le o
f e
ne
rgy
eff
icie
ncy
of
the
bu
ild
ing
Sourc
e: http://w
ww
.eccj.or.
jp/law
/pam
ph/o
utlin
e_re
vis
ion/0
8-5
.htm
l
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
•N
on
-ch
arg
e e
ne
rgy
eff
icie
ncy
dia
gn
osi
s su
bm
itte
d b
y E
CC
J (T
he
En
erg
y C
on
serv
ati
on
Ce
nte
r, J
ap
an
)
•A
dv
ice
s b
y e
xte
rna
l e
xp
ert
Jap
an
ese
exp
eri
en
ce:
En
erg
y e
ffic
ien
cy d
iag
no
sis
–H
ea
rin
g in
ve
stig
ati
on
–O
n-s
ite
re
vie
w
–A
na
lysi
s o
f cu
rre
nt
situ
ati
on
an
d s
ub
mit
th
e p
rop
osa
l fo
r im
pro
ve
me
nt
Sourc
e:
http://h
ttp://w
ww
.eccj.or.
jp/a
udit/b
uild
_guid
e10/index.h
tml
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
Ho
tels
-Im
po
rta
nt
reso
urc
e f
or
tou
rism
in
Th
ail
an
d
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-1-
Ba
sic
stru
ctu
re o
f
en
erg
y
con
sum
pti
on
in h
ote
ls
He
at
Cold
energ
y
Heat
energ
y
Auxili
ary
Air
Heat
deliv
ery
Wate
r
Wate
r heating
Lig
hting,
and
consent
Supply
and
dra
in w
ate
r
Engin
e
Ventila
tion
Access &
tr
ansfo
rmation
of
ele
ctr
icity
Oth
ers
Mu/m
2/y
ear
Unit o
f energ
y
consum
ption
Lig
hting
Consent
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-1-
He
at
loa
d t
ren
d i
n h
ote
ls
Heat unit (MJ/m
2
)
Heat water use (l/h/p)
Mo
nth
Ho
ur
Da
ily h
ot
wa
ter
su
pp
ly t
ren
d i
n
ho
tels
A/C
: co
olin
gA
/C:
he
atin
g
Ho
t w
ate
r su
pp
ly
Ho
tels
-Im
po
rta
nt
reso
urc
e f
or
tou
rism
in
T
ha
ila
nd
A1-34
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
17
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-1-
Ex
am
ple
of
ES
CO
fo
r a
ho
tel:
Gif
u G
ran
d H
ote
l, J
ap
an
�C
om
ple
tio
n o
f co
nst
ruct
ion
: 1
97
3
�G
loss
flo
or
are
a:
34
,03
7 m
2
�S
cale
: 1
0 s
tori
es
ab
ov
e t
he
g
rou
nd
an
d 2
un
de
rgro
un
d
sto
rie
s, i
ncl
ud
ing
ma
in,
ea
st
an
d w
est
bu
ild
ing
s
�H
ote
l ty
pe
: R
eso
rt h
ote
l
�D
ura
tio
n o
f E
SC
O:
20
03
-2
01
3 (
con
tin
uin
g)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
18
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-1-
Ite
ms
intr
od
uce
d t
o t
he
Gif
u G
ran
d H
ote
l b
y E
SC
O:
14
.2 %
To
tal
0.3
%R
evi
sio
n o
f co
olin
g w
ate
r p
lum
bin
g (
pu
mp
-an
d-p
ipe
sys
tem
)1
0
0.1
%C
on
tro
l o
f a
ir b
low
er
the
rmo
sta
t9
2.5
%R
en
ew
al o
f a
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
sys
tem
in
th
e W
est
bu
ild
ing
8
0.5
%H
ea
t in
sula
tio
n o
f st
ea
m b
ulb
s a
nd
ba
ck-f
low
wa
ter
pip
es
7
0.6
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f in
vert
er
con
tro
l to
air
co
nd
itio
nin
g m
ach
ine
s6
1.0
%C
on
tro
l o
f a
pp
rop
ria
te e
xte
rna
l a
ir in
tro
du
ctio
n5
3.1
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f B
EM
S (b
uil
din
gs
en
erg
y m
an
ag
em
en
t sy
ste
m)
4
0.6
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f in
vert
er
con
tro
l to
wa
ter
he
at
pu
mp
s3
3.7
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f h
igh
eff
icie
ncy
bo
ile
rs2
1.8
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f h
igh
eff
icie
ncy
fre
ezi
ng
ma
chin
es
1
Est
ima
ted
eff
ect
of
EE
Faci
liti
es/
eq
uip
me
nts
fo
r e
ne
rgy
eff
icie
ncy
im
pro
vem
en
t
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
19
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-1-
Re
sult
s -
tota
l:
86
.6 %
75
.4 %
-A
chie
ve
me
nt
rati
o (
%)
12
.3 %
10
.7 %
14
.2 %
Ra
tio
of
en
erg
y
eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
14
,31
4.9
GJ
12
,42
9.8
GJ
16
,47
0.1
GJ
En
erg
y r
ed
uct
ion
10
1,7
43
.7 G
J1
03
,62
9.8
GJ
99
,55
8.1
GJ
En
erg
y
con
sum
pti
on
a
fte
r E
SC
O
--
11
6,0
58
.5 G
JE
ne
rgy
con
sum
pti
on
b
efo
re E
SC
O
Act
ua
l p
erf
orm
an
ce
(20
05
)
Act
ua
l p
erf
orm
an
ce
(20
04
)P
lan
ne
d v
alu
e
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
20
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-1-
Re
sult
s -
de
tail
s: A
dju
stm
en
t o
f fr
ee
zin
g m
ach
ine
op
era
tio
n i
s o
ne
of
the
mo
st i
mp
ort
an
t is
sue
s to
im
pro
ve
th
e p
erf
orm
an
ce o
f E
E.
14
.2 %
0.3
%
0.1
%
2.5
%
0.5
%
0.6
%
1.0
%
3.1
%
0.6
%
3.7
%
1.8
%
Est
ima
ted
eff
ect
12
.3 %
To
tal
0.3
%R
evi
sio
n o
f co
olin
g w
ate
r p
lum
bin
g (
pu
mp
-an
d-p
ipe
sys
tem
)1
0
0.1
%C
on
tro
l o
f a
ir b
low
er
the
rmo
sta
t9
2.2
%R
en
ew
al o
f a
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
sys
tem
in
th
e W
est
bu
ild
ing
8
0.5
%H
ea
t in
sula
tio
n o
f st
ea
m b
ulb
s a
nd
ba
ck-f
low
wa
ter
pip
es
7
0.5
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f in
vert
er
con
tro
l to
air
co
nd
itio
nin
g m
ach
ine
s6
1.0
%C
on
tro
l o
f a
pp
rop
ria
te e
xte
rna
l a
ir in
tro
du
ctio
n5
2.3
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f B
EM
S (b
uil
din
gs
en
erg
y m
an
ag
em
en
t sy
ste
m)
4
0.2
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f in
vert
er
con
tro
l to
wa
ter
he
at
pu
mp
s3
3.7
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f h
igh
eff
icie
ncy
bo
ile
rs2
1.5
%In
tro
du
ctio
n o
f h
igh
eff
icie
ncy
fre
ezi
ng
ma
chin
es
1
Act
ua
l(2
00
5)
Faci
liti
es/
eq
uip
me
nts
fo
r e
ne
rgy
eff
icie
ncy
im
pro
vem
en
t
A1-35
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
21
Co
mm
erc
ial
bu
ild
ing
s
An
oth
er
imp
ort
an
t re
sou
rce
fo
r to
uri
sts
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-2-
Ba
sic
stru
ctu
re o
f e
ne
rgy
co
nsu
mp
tio
n i
n d
ep
art
me
nt
sto
res
Lig
hti
ng
an
d
co
nsen
t 39.9
%
Flo
or
space
32,0
00 m
2
Cookin
g
28.9
%
Consent
11.0
%
Wate
r heating and
cookin
g 3
.2%
Wate
r h
eati
ng
an
d c
oo
kin
g 3
.2%
Heat
delivery
9.2
%
Oth
ers
2.2
%
Fre
ezin
g,
co
ld
sto
rag
e 5
.1 %
Ele
vato
r, e
scala
tor
6.9
%V
entila
tion, w
ate
r
supply
2.9
%H
eat
so
urc
e
30.6
%
Air
6.3
%W
ate
r 2.9
%
Auxili
ary
7.8
%
Mo
tivit
y
9.8
%
Body
22.8
%
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
22
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-2-
Ex
am
ple
of
ES
CO
fo
r a
de
pa
rtm
en
t st
ore
:
Ta
ka
shim
ay
a,
Ta
chik
aw
a,
Jap
an
�C
om
ple
tio
n o
f co
nst
ruct
ion
: 1
99
4
�G
loss
flo
or
are
a:
66
,91
1 m
2
�S
cale
: 1
0 s
tori
es
ab
ov
e t
he
g
rou
nd
an
d 4
un
de
rgro
un
d
sto
rie
s
�S
tore
ty
pe
: sa
le o
f g
oo
ds
(ma
inly
clo
thin
g)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
23
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-2-
Ite
ms
intr
od
uce
d t
o t
he
Ta
ka
shim
ay
a,
Ta
chik
aw
a
En
erg
y m
an
ag
em
en
t b
y B
EM
S e
qu
ipm
en
t4
Co
ntr
ol o
f a
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
syst
em
by
inte
rmit
ten
t
op
era
tio
n c
on
tro
l3
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
air
ve
nti
lati
on
fa
ns
2
Te
mp
era
ture
co
ntr
ol o
f a
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
sys
tem
by
intr
od
uci
ng
PM
V (
Pre
dic
ted
Me
an
Vo
te)
ind
ex
1
PM
V: In
dex for
therm
al (w
arm
/cool) c
om
fort
conditio
n to indiv
iduals
BE
MS
= b
uild
ings e
nerg
y m
anagem
ent syste
m
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
24
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-2-
Resu
lts
2,8
80
MJ/
m2/y
2,9
65
MJ/
m2/y
2,9
91
MJ/
m2/y
En
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
u
nit
6.7
2 %
3.9
5 %
3.1
0 %
Ra
tio
of
en
erg
y
eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
13
,87
4 G
J8
,16
0 G
J6
,40
7 G
JE
ne
rgy r
ed
uct
ion
19
2,6
80
GJ
19
8,3
94
GJ
20
0,1
47
GJ
En
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
a
fte
r E
SC
O
--
20
6,5
55
GJ
En
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
b
efo
re E
SC
O
Act
ua
l p
erf
orm
an
ce
(20
08
)
Act
ua
l p
erf
orm
an
ce
(20
07
)P
lan
ne
d v
alu
e
A1-36
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
25
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-2-
Re
sult
s
Pla
n (
ex a
nte
)P
lan (
ex p
ost)
2007
2008 Pla
n2008
Pla
n2008
Pla
n2008
Ele
ctr
icity (
-4.3
%)
En
erg
y f
or
co
olin
g w
ate
r (-
12
%)
En
erg
y f
or
ste
am
(-2
2.7
%)
-3.9
5%
-6.7
2%
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
26
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-3-
Ex
am
ple
of
ES
CO
fo
r a
un
de
rgro
un
d s
ho
pp
ing
ma
ll “
Aza
lea
”,
Ka
wa
sak
i, J
ap
an
�C
om
ple
tio
n o
f co
nst
ruct
ion
: 2
00
8 (
up
gra
de
d)
�G
loss
flo
or
are
a:
56
,00
0 m
2
�S
cale
: 2
sto
rie
s a
bo
ve
th
e
gro
un
d a
nd
2 u
nd
erg
rou
nd
st
ori
es
�S
tore
ty
pe
: sh
op
s, r
est
au
ran
ts
an
d p
ath
wa
ys
to m
ajo
r tr
ain
st
ati
on
s (2
4 h
ou
rs a
cce
ssib
le)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
27
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-3-
Ma
p o
f A
zale
a’s
ma
in f
loo
r -
sho
pp
er’
s p
ara
dis
e!
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
28
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-3-
Item
s in
tro
du
ced
to
th
e A
zale
a, K
aw
asaki
Re
visi
on
to
hig
h e
ffic
ien
cy c
oo
l/h
ot
wa
ter
ge
ne
rato
rs5
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
ve
nti
lati
on
fa
ns
for
ba
sem
en
t ca
r p
ark
4
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
fre
e c
oo
lin
g s
yst
em
fo
r a
ir c
on
dit
ion
ing
6
En
erg
y m
an
ag
em
en
t b
y B
EM
S e
qu
ipm
en
t7
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
air
co
nd
itio
nin
g f
an
s3
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
se
con
da
ry p
um
ps
for
wa
ter
2
Air
co
nd
itio
nin
g s
yst
em
usi
ng
cla
thra
teh
yd
rate
slu
rry
(C
HS
)*1
*CH
P:
ne
xt
pa
ge
A1-37
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
29
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-3-
Cla
thra
teH
yd
rate
Slu
rry
(C
HS
) sy
ste
m
�D
ev
elo
pe
d b
y a
Ja
pa
ne
se c
om
pa
ny
a
nd
NE
DO
�A
kin
d o
f li
qu
id c
lath
rate
hy
dra
te w
ith
te
tra
-n-b
uty
lam
mo
niu
mb
rom
ide
(T
BA
B)
�La
ten
t h
ea
t in
th
e r
an
ge
of
5-1
2 d
eg
C,
�C
oo
lin
g s
tora
ge
ca
pa
city
is
2-3
tim
es
larg
er
tha
n c
on
ve
nti
on
al
chil
led
wa
ter,
�S
uit
ab
le f
or
bo
th c
oo
lin
g s
tora
ge
an
d
pu
mp
ing
,
�In
tro
du
ced
to
bu
ild
ing
s in
Ja
pa
n,
Sin
ga
po
re,
an
d t
he
US
A.
CH
S
TB
AB
so
luti
on
Wate
r
cry
sta
l h
yd
rate
=la
ten
t h
eat
heati
ng
(m
elt
ing
)co
olin
g (
slu
rry)
Slu
rry
gen
era
tor
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
30
GH
G m
itig
ati
on
me
asu
res
in
bu
ild
ing
s/h
ou
seh
old
s se
cto
r: B
uil
din
gs
-3-
Re
sult
s: T
ota
l C
O2
em
issi
on
re
du
ctio
n =
1,1
88
tC
O2/y
CO2
red
uct
ion
En
erg
y
red
uct
ion
En
erg
y e
ffic
ien
cy im
pro
ve
me
nt
eq
uip
me
nts
12
tC
O2/y
21
tC
O2/y
61
3 t
CO2/y
19
8 t
CO2/y
52
tC
O2/y
80
tC
O2/y
21
2 t
CO2/y
-
38
MW
h
29
45
29
m3
of
ga
s
35
7 M
Wh
94
MW
h
14
4 M
Wh
38
2 M
Wh
Re
vis
ion
to
hig
h e
ffic
ien
cy c
oo
l/h
ot
wa
ter
ge
ne
rato
rs5
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
ve
nti
lati
on
fa
ns
for
ba
sem
en
t ca
r p
ark
4
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
fre
e c
oo
lin
g s
yst
em
fo
r a
ir
con
dit
ion
ing
6
En
erg
y m
an
ag
em
en
t b
y B
EM
S e
qu
ipm
en
t7
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
air
co
nd
itio
nin
g f
an
s3
Intr
od
uct
ion
of
inve
rte
r co
ntr
ol to
se
con
da
ry
pu
mp
s fo
r w
ate
r2
Air
co
nd
itio
nin
g s
yst
em
usi
ng
cla
thra
teh
yd
rate
sl
urr
y (
CH
S)*
1
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
31
Co
mp
ari
son
be
twe
en
CF
L a
nd
LE
D 12
,20
52
2,6
67
CO
2e
mis
sio
ns
(tC
O2/y
ea
r) *
2
40
10
-13
Un
it P
rice
(U
SD
) *
1
40,000-50,000
6,000-7,000
Life
tim
e (
h)
813
Po
we
r C
on
sum
pti
on
(W
)
LED
CF
L
No
te:
com
pa
re a
s 6
0W
lig
ht
bu
lb t
yp
e c
orr
esp
on
din
g
*2:
Calc
ula
tion c
onditio
n;
Lig
htn
ing p
eriod =
3,0
00
h/y
ear,
EF=
0.5
812tC
O2/M
Wh,
repla
ce n
um
ber
= 1
,000,0
00
Em
issi
on
re
du
cti
on
;
10
,46
2 t
CO2/y
ea
r*1:
1U
SD
= 8
0Yen
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
32
Ne
w T
ech
no
log
y:
CC
FL
(Co
ld C
ath
od
e F
luo
resc
en
t La
mp
)
•F
luo
resc
en
t tu
be
th
at
ha
s b
ee
n u
sed
as
ba
ckli
gh
t o
f m
on
ito
r o
f LC
D T
V a
nd
pe
rso
na
l
com
pu
ter
•Lo
ng
lif
e (
as
we
ll a
s LE
D)
, a
nd
en
erg
y s
avin
g
com
pa
red
wit
h a
flu
ore
sce
nt
lam
p
•Lo
w h
ea
t, a
nd
hig
h l
igh
t e
mis
sio
n c
om
pa
red
wit
h L
ED
A1-38
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
33
Ho
w t
o i
mp
lem
en
t th
e G
HG
mit
iga
tio
n m
ea
sure
s in
ho
tels
a
nd
sh
op
pin
g b
uil
din
gs?
Co
mm
erc
ial
bu
ild
ing
an
d h
ou
seh
old
Se
cto
r
Ex
erc
ise
:
�W
ho
are
im
ple
me
nte
rs?
ow
ne
rs/g
ov
ern
me
nt/
tou
rist
?
�H
ow
to
im
ple
me
nt
the
mit
iga
tio
n m
ea
sure
s?
Po
ssib
le t
oo
ls:
reg
ula
tio
n/e
con
om
ic in
cen
tive
s/ca
rbo
n c
red
its
(T-V
ER
)/ca
rbo
n f
oo
t p
rin
t/su
bsi
die
s/e
tc.
�W
ha
t is
th
e r
ole
of
TG
O?
A1-39
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CDM7:
Ove
rvie
w o
f P
rog
ram
me
of
Ac
tivit
ies
(PoA)
21
, S
epte
mb
er, 20
10
Dep
uty
chie
f ad
vis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
Kazu
hit
o Y
AM
AD
A
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
�W
ha
t is
Po
A ?
�H
isto
ry o
f P
oA
�R
eg
iste
red
Po
As:
Me
xic
o, B
razil,
Ug
an
da
, In
dia
, H
on
du
ras
�P
roce
du
res o
f P
oA
�Is
su
es o
f P
oA
�P
ossib
le P
oA
s in T
ha
ilan
d
To
da
y’s
Ag
en
da
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
�A
pro
gra
mm
e o
f acti
vit
ies
(Po
A)
is a
volu
nta
ry
coord
inate
d a
ction b
y a
private
/public
entity
whic
h
coord
inate
s a
nd im
ple
ments
any p
olic
y/m
easure
or
sta
ted g
oal (i.e
. in
cen
tive s
ch
em
es a
nd
vo
lun
tary
pro
gra
mm
es),
whic
h leads to
anth
ropogenic
GH
G e
mis
sio
n r
eductions o
r net
anth
ropogenic
GH
G r
em
ovals
by s
inks that are
additio
nal to
any that w
ould
occur
in the a
bsence
of th
e P
oA
, via
an u
nlim
ited n
um
ber
of C
DM
p
rog
ram
me a
cti
vit
ies
(CP
As).
Wh
at
is P
oA
?
-1
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
�A
CP
Ais
a p
roje
ct
acti
vit
y u
nd
er
a P
oA
.
�A
CP
Ais
a s
ingle
, or
a s
et of in
terr
ela
ted
measure
(s),
to r
educe G
HG
em
issio
ns o
r re
sult in
net anth
ropogenic
GH
G r
em
ovals
by s
inks, applie
d
within
a d
esig
nate
d a
rea d
efined in the b
aselin
e
meth
odolo
gy/ies.
Wh
at
is P
oA
?
-2
A1-40
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
Wh
at
is P
oA
?
-3
Sm
all
Sc
ale
CD
M -
bu
nd
lin
gP
oA
Po
A
CP
AC
PA
CP
AC
PA
CP
ACP
A
CP
A
CP
A
SS
CS
SC
SS
C
SS
C
SS
CS
SC
SS
C
no
lim
it o
f C
PA
s
Typ
e I:
<
15M
W
Typ
e II:
<
60G
Wh
/y
Typ
e III
: <
60kt-
CO
2/y
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
�C
OP
/MO
P2 (
20
06
) d
ecid
ed
th
at a
lo
ca
l/re
gio
na
l/n
atio
na
l p
olic
y o
r sta
ndard
can
not b
e c
onsid
ere
d a
s a
CD
M p
roje
ct activity,
but th
at
pro
ject a
ctivitie
s u
nd
er
a p
rog
ram
me o
f a
ctivitie
s c
an
be
re
gis
tere
d a
s a
sin
gle
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctivity.
�E
B2
8 (
20
06
) su
bm
itte
d th
e ‘G
uid
an
ce
on
th
e r
eg
istr
atio
n o
f p
roje
ct
activitie
s u
nd
er
a P
oA
’.
�T
he
fir
st P
oA
(B
razil)
wa
s s
tart
ed
to
va
lida
te in
20
08
.
�T
he
fir
st P
oA
(M
exic
o)
wa
s r
eg
iste
red
in
20
09
.
�R
eg
iste
red
Po
As a
re o
nly
fiv
e (
Me
xic
o, B
razil,
Ug
an
da
, In
dia
, H
on
du
ras).
�U
nder
va
lidatio
n; C
hin
a(6
), B
razil(
2),
Ind
ia(8
), M
exic
o(1
), Indonesia
(3),
V
iet N
am
(5)
�T
ha
ila
nd
ha
s o
ne
Po
A u
nd
er v
ali
da
tio
n.
His
tory
of
Po
A
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
Go
al o
f th
e P
oA
:
�T
he g
oal is
to t
ransfo
rm the e
nerg
y e
ffic
iency o
f M
exic
o’s
re
sid
en
tia
l lig
htin
g s
tock b
y d
istr
ibu
tin
g u
p to
30
millio
n
co
mp
ac
t fl
uo
res
ce
nt
lam
ps
(C
FL
s)
to h
ou
se
ho
lds.
Co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
:
�C
oo
l n
rgC
arb
on
In
ve
stm
en
ts P
ty L
td
Pro
jec
t p
art
icip
an
ts:
�C
ool nrg
Mexic
o S
RL d
e C
V (
Mexic
o)/
Co
ol n
rgC
arb
on
In
ve
stm
en
ts P
ty L
td (
UK
/Austr
alia
)
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s:
�520,3
65 t
-CO
2/y
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Me
xic
o -
1
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Me
xic
o -
2
�E
ach
SS
C-C
PA
will
in
vo
lve
the
dis
trib
utio
n a
nd
insta
llation
of
CF
Ls
for
use
by M
exic
an
household
s.
�C
FL
sw
ill b
e m
ad
e a
va
ilab
le a
t
a larg
e n
um
ber
of dis
trib
ution
po
ints
with
in t
he a
rea
co
ve
red
by t
he
SS
C-C
PA
.
�T
hese d
istr
ibution p
oin
ts w
ill
typ
ica
lly b
e th
ose
pro
vid
ed
by
Co
ol n
rg’s
reta
il p
art
ne
rs, w
ho
ha
ve
a n
etw
ork
of
ap
pro
xim
ate
ly 3
,55
0 o
utle
ts
acro
ss M
exic
o a
vaila
ble
to
pa
rtic
ipa
te in
th
e P
oA
.
�R
esid
en
ts w
ill c
om
e t
o d
istr
ibutio
n p
oin
ts w
ith
their o
ld incandescent
bulb
s a
nd e
xchange
the
m fo
r C
FLs
with
eq
uiv
ale
nt o
r g
reate
r lu
me
n
ou
tput.
Incan
desce
nt b
ulb
s c
olle
cte
d d
uri
ng
the
exch
an
ge
will
be
de
str
oye
d t
o p
reve
nt
leaka
ge
.
A1-41
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Bra
zil
-1
Go
al o
f th
e P
oA
:
�T
he
Po
A c
on
sis
ts o
f in
sta
llin
g a
bio
dig
es
ter
syste
m to
captu
re C
H4
an
d a
n e
nclo
se
d f
lare
syste
m to
co
mb
ust
it in
5
sta
tes o
f B
razil
with
ma
rke
t fa
rms
an
d b
reed
ing
Fa
rms.
Co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
:
�In
stitu
to S
ad
ia d
e S
uste
nta
bili
da
de (
ISS
)
Pro
jec
t p
art
icip
an
ts:
�IS
S (
Bra
zil)
/Eu
rop
ea
n C
arb
on
Fu
nd
(E
CF
) (U
K)
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s:
�591,4
18 t
-CO
2/y
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Bra
zil
-2
�T
he
estim
ate
d a
mou
nt o
f in
sta
lled
bio
dig
este
r a
nd e
nclo
sed
fla
re s
yste
ms
in t
he
Po
A o
f th
e I
SS
is o
f 1
,103
in
1,0
74 f
arm
ers
.
�T
he
sa
mp
ling
ran
dom
me
tho
d to
be
ap
plie
d
in v
eri
fica
tio
n b
y t
he D
OE
’sis
estim
ate
d a
s
25
% in
ea
ch
roun
d fo
r e
ach
veri
fica
tion
.
Th
ese
sa
mplin
gs e
stim
ate
th
at e
ve
ry 4
rou
nds o
r e
ve
ry 4
ve
rifica
tio
ns th
eam
oun
t
to b
e v
erified
is 1
00
% o
f th
e farm
s.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Ug
an
da
-1
Go
al o
f th
e P
oA
:
�T
he
go
al is
to a
vo
id C
H4
em
issio
ns fro
m m
unic
ipal w
aste
la
ndfills
by u
nd
ert
akin
g c
om
po
stin
g o
f th
e w
aste
s a
nd
usin
g
the
org
an
ic m
atte
r in
wa
ste
s a
s h
um
us fo
r so
il co
nd
itio
nin
g
an
d p
lan
t gro
wth
.
Co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
:
�N
atio
na
l E
nviro
nm
enta
l M
an
age
me
nt
Au
tho
rity
(N
EM
A)
Pro
jec
t p
art
icip
an
ts:
�N
EM
A (
Uganda)/
IBR
D-C
DC
F (
Neth
erlands)
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s:
�83,7
00 t
-CO
2/y
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Ug
an
da
-2
�T
he
Go
ve
rnm
en
t o
f
Uganda h
as t
aken a
Loan
fro
m th
e W
orl
d B
ank
under
the “
Environm
ent
Managem
ent and
Ca
pa
city B
uild
ing
Pro
ject-
II”
an
d in
ten
ds to
use
pa
rt
of
this
lo
an t
o im
pro
ve
munic
ipal solid
waste
ma
nag
em
en
t in
citie
s a
nd
munic
ipalit
ies thro
ugh the
pro
pose
d m
un
icip
al w
aste
co
mp
ost
pro
gra
m.
�T
he
pro
gra
m a
ims t
o p
rom
ote
co
mp
osting
as a
n a
lte
rnative
me
ans o
f so
lid w
aste
pro
cessin
g a
nd d
isposal in
Uganda.
A1-42
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Ind
ia -
1
Go
al o
f th
e P
oA
:
�C
FL
sw
ill b
e d
istr
ibu
ted
by S
SC
-CP
A im
ple
me
nte
r(s)
to
grid
-connecte
d r
esid
ential household
s in e
xchange o
f an
inca
nd
esce
nt
lam
p (
ICL
). A
pp
roxim
ate
ly 6
00,0
00 C
FL
scan
be
dis
trib
ute
d w
ith
in a
sin
gle
SS
C-C
PA
.
Co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
:
�B
ure
au
of
En
erg
y E
ffic
ien
cy (
BE
E)
Pro
jec
t p
art
icip
an
ts:
�B
EE
(un
ilate
ral)
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s:
�34,8
92 t
-CO
2/y
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Ind
ia -
2
�It
is e
stim
ate
d t
hat
the
re a
re o
ve
r 4
00
mill
ion
lig
ht p
oin
ts in
In
dia
lig
hte
d u
sin
g I
CLs.
ICL
sa
re e
xtr
em
ely
en
erg
y in
-eff
icie
nt,
with
just 5
% o
f th
e e
lectr
icity in
pu
t
co
nve
rted
to lig
ht.
Th
e r
em
ain
ing
is lost a
s h
ea
t. I
n r
ece
nt
yea
rs t
he
CF
L h
as
em
erg
ed
as a
n e
ne
rgy e
ffic
ient
alte
rna
tive
, as a
CF
L u
se
s o
nly
on
e-f
ifth
as m
uch
ele
ctr
icity a
s a
n IC
L t
o p
rovid
e t
he
sa
me
am
oun
t of
illum
ina
tio
n.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Ho
nd
ura
s -
1
Go
al o
f th
e P
oA
:
�T
he
Ma
sca
Sm
all
Hyd
ro P
rogra
mm
e a
ims a
t d
eve
lop
ing a
se
rie
s o
f s
ma
ll h
yd
roe
lec
tric
pro
jec
tsin
Hondura
s.
Co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
:
�H
idro
elé
ctr
ica
de
Ma
sca
S.A
. d
e C
.V. (H
idro
ma
sca
)
Pro
jec
t p
art
icip
an
ts:
�H
idro
masca
(Hondura
s)
/ O
ne
Ca
rbo
nIn
tern
atio
na
l B
V (
Ne
the
rla
nd
s)
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s:
�4
,39
5 t
-CO
2/y
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
Re
gis
tere
d P
oA
s:
Ho
nd
ura
s -
2
Ho
nd
ura
s a
lre
ad
y h
as
ma
ny S
SC
-hyd
rop
ow
er
pro
jec
ts.
A1-43
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
17
Pre
pa
rati
on
of
a P
oA
�P
repara
tion o
f a C
DM
-PO
A-D
D
-Id
en
tifica
tion
of th
e c
oo
rdin
atin
g/m
an
ag
ing
entity
;
-Ho
st
Pa
rty(ie
s)
an
d P
oA
pa
rtic
ipan
ts;
-De
fin
itio
n o
f th
e b
oun
da
ry f
or
the
Po
A in
te
rms o
f a
ge
og
raph
ical a
rea
(e.g
.,
mu
nic
ipa
lity,
regio
n w
ith
in a
cou
ntr
y,
cou
ntr
y o
r s
eve
ral c
ou
ntr
ies
);
-De
scrip
tio
n o
f th
e p
olic
y/m
easu
re o
r sta
ted
goa
l th
at th
e P
oA
se
eks to
pro
mo
te;
-De
mo
nstr
atio
n t
hat
in t
he a
bse
nce o
f th
e C
DM
eith
er:
(i)
the p
rop
ose
d v
olu
nta
ry m
ea
su
re w
ou
ld n
ot
be
im
ple
men
ted
, o
r
(ii)
the
ma
nda
tory
po
licy/r
eg
ula
tio
n w
ou
ld b
e s
yste
ma
tica
lly n
ot
en
forc
ed
an
d t
hat
no
n-c
om
plia
nce
with
tho
se r
equ
ire
me
nts
is w
ide
sp
read
in t
he c
oun
try/r
eg
ion
, o
r
(iii)
th
at th
e P
oA
will
le
ad
to
a g
rea
ter
leve
l o
f e
nfo
rcem
ent
of th
e e
xis
tin
g
ma
nda
tory
po
licy/r
eg
ula
tio
n. T
his
sh
all
co
nstitu
te th
e d
em
onstr
atio
n o
f a
dd
itio
na
lity o
f th
e P
oA
as a
wh
ole
;
Pro
ce
du
res o
f P
oA
-1
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
18
Pre
pa
rati
on
of
a P
oA
�P
repara
tion o
f a C
DM
-PO
A-D
D (
continued)
-De
fin
itio
n o
f e
ligib
ility
cri
teria
fo
r in
clu
sio
n o
f a
pro
ject a
ctivity a
s a
CP
A u
nd
er
the
P
oA
;
-Sta
rtin
g d
ate
an
d le
ng
th o
f th
e P
oA
no
t e
xce
edin
g 2
8 y
ears
(60 y
ears
fo
r A
/R);
-Description o
f th
e o
pera
tional and m
anagem
ent
arr
angem
ents
;
-Description o
f a m
onitoring p
lan f
or
a C
PA
;
etc
...
�P
rep
ara
tio
n o
f th
e C
DM
-CP
A-D
D
Pro
ce
du
res o
f P
oA
-1
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
19
Va
lid
ati
on
of
a P
oA
�T
he
coo
rdin
atin
g/m
ana
gin
g e
ntity
sh
all
su
bm
it t
o a
DO
E th
e
follo
win
g d
ocu
me
nta
tion
:
(a)
A c
om
ple
ted
CD
M-P
OA
-DD
;
(b)
A P
oA
ge
ne
ric C
DM
-CP
A-D
D,
wh
ich
spe
cifie
s t
he
ge
ne
ric in
form
ation
re
leva
nt to
all
CP
As t
ha
t m
ay b
e inclu
ded
in t
he P
oA
;
(c)
A c
om
ple
ted
CD
M-C
PA
-DD
wh
ich
is to
be
ba
sed
on
the
ap
plic
ation
of th
e
Po
A t
o o
ne
re
al case.
�T
he v
alid
ation b
y t
he D
OE
shall
addre
ss the follo
win
g
issu
es:
Ad
ditio
nalit
y;
elig
ibili
ty c
rite
ria
fo
r in
clu
sio
n o
f a
pro
posed
CP
A;
op
era
tion
al a
nd
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
rran
gem
ents
; co
nsis
ten
cy b
etw
ee
n C
DM
-PO
A-D
D a
nd
the
Po
A
generic C
DM
-CP
A-D
D;
etc
.
Pro
ce
du
res o
f P
oA
-2
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
20
Inc
lusio
n o
f C
PA
s
�A
CP
A c
an
be
in
clu
de
d in
a r
eg
iste
red
Po
A a
t a
ny t
ime
du
rin
g th
ed
ura
tio
n o
f th
e P
oA
.
�T
o in
clu
de
an
ad
ditio
na
l C
PA
in
a r
eg
iste
red
Po
A, th
e c
oo
rdin
atin
g/
ma
na
gin
g e
ntity
sh
all
forw
ard
th
e c
om
ple
ted
sp
ecific
CD
M-C
PA
-DD
fo
rm to
an
y D
OE
, a
fte
r h
avin
g e
nsu
red
th
at th
e C
PA
an
d th
e s
pe
cific
C
DM
-CP
A-D
D m
ee
ts th
e r
eq
uir
em
en
ts d
ete
rmin
ed
in
th
e P
OA
an
d its
g
en
eri
c C
DM
-CP
A-D
D. T
he
co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
ma
y fo
rwa
rd
more
than o
ne s
pecific
CD
M-C
PA
-DD
at
one t
ime.
Pro
ce
du
res o
f P
oA
-3
A1-44
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
21
Pro
ce
du
res o
f P
oA
-4
Inc
lusio
n (
co
nti
nu
ed
)
�T
he
DO
E s
ha
ll scru
tin
ize
th
e C
PA
an
d th
e s
pe
cific
CD
M-C
PA
-DD
a
ga
inst th
e la
test ve
rsio
n th
e P
OA
. If
th
e D
OE
co
nfirm
s th
at th
eC
PA
m
ee
ts th
e r
eq
uir
em
en
ts o
f th
e P
OA
, it s
ha
ll in
clu
de
th
e C
PA
in
th
e
reg
iste
red
Po
A b
y f
orw
ard
ing
th
e s
pe
cific
CD
M-C
PA
-DD
to
th
e B
oa
rd
via
up
loa
din
g it th
rou
gh
a d
ed
ica
ted
in
terf
ace
on
th
e U
NF
CC
C C
DM
we
bsite
.
�T
he
CP
A id
en
tifie
d in
th
e s
pe
cific
CD
M-C
PA
-DD
up
loa
de
d b
y t
he
DO
E
will
be
au
tom
atica
lly in
clu
de
d in
th
e r
eg
iste
red
Po
A a
nd
dis
pla
ye
d o
n
the
vie
w p
ag
e o
f th
at P
oA
. T
he
DO
E, th
e c
oo
rdin
atin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
a
nd
th
e D
NA
sh
all
be
au
tom
atica
lly n
otifie
d o
f th
e c
ha
ng
e in
th
esta
tus
of
the
Po
A.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
22
�W
ho
will
be
th
e b
est ‘c
oo
rdin
atin
g/
ma
na
gin
g e
ntity
’?
�W
ha
t is
th
e b
est m
eth
od
olo
gy to
ve
rify
G
HG
em
issio
ns fro
m a
la
rge
nu
mb
er
of
CP
As?
�S
ho
uld
we
sim
plif
y th
e p
roce
du
re o
f th
e
pre
se
nt P
oA
to
sp
ee
d u
p r
ea
liza
tio
n o
f th
em
?
Issu
es o
f P
oA
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
23
�R
en
ew
ab
le e
ne
rgy in
clu
din
g w
aste
to
e
ne
rgy
�E
ne
rgy e
ffic
ien
cy im
pro
ve
me
nt in
in
du
str
y
an
d in
ho
use
ho
ld
�T
ran
sp
ort
�A
/R
Po
ssib
le P
oA
s i
n T
ha
ila
nd
A1-45
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CD
M0
8:
Ex
erci
se:
pro
gra
mm
ati
c C
DM
(P
oA
)-
Intr
od
uc
tio
n o
f T
haila
nd
Po
A u
nd
er
va
lid
ati
on
an
d
dis
cu
ss
ion
fo
r p
os
sib
le P
oA
sin
Th
aila
nd
-
21
, S
epte
mb
er, 20
10
JIC
A E
xper
t T
eam
Marik
o F
UJIM
OR
I
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
Pro
jec
t ti
tle
:
�T
haila
nd S
mall
Scale
Liv
esto
ck W
aste
Managem
ent
Pro
gra
m
Cu
rre
nt
co
nd
itio
n:
�U
nder
valid
ation
PD
D s
ub
mis
sio
n d
ate
:
�2
7 O
cto
be
r 2
009
Sta
rtin
g d
ate
:
�June 2
009
Le
ng
th o
f th
e P
oA
:
�28 y
ears
Po
A i
n T
ha
ila
nd
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
Co
ord
ina
tin
g/m
an
ag
ing
en
tity
:
�E
nerg
y R
esearc
h a
nd
Develo
pm
ent In
stitu
te (
ER
DI)
of
Chia
ng M
ai U
niv
ers
ity
Pro
jec
t p
art
icip
an
ts:
�In
tern
ational B
ank f
or
Reconstr
uction a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent
as t
he
Tru
ste
e o
f th
e C
arb
on
F
und for
Euro
pe
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s:
�55,7
74 t
-CO
2/y
Po
A i
n T
ha
ila
nd
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
Ap
pli
ed
me
tho
do
log
y:
�A
MS
-III.D
: M
eth
an
e r
eco
ve
ry in
an
ima
l m
an
ure
m
an
agem
ent
syste
ms, ve
r. 1
5
Te
ch
no
log
yto
be
em
plo
ye
d:
�A
naero
bic
dig
estion t
echnolo
gy d
esig
ned b
y E
RD
I
�T
arg
ete
d s
yste
m s
ize
: 3
00
-1
9,0
00
m3/fa
rm o
r 2
,000
-150,0
00 p
ig h
eads/farm
�N
ot
on
ly p
ig f
arm
s b
ut a
lso
ca
ttle
and
ch
icke
n f
arm
s c
an
be inclu
ded
Ba
se
lin
e s
ce
na
rio
:
�A
na
ero
bic
la
go
on t
reatm
ent
syste
ms,
cau
sin
g o
do
r a
nd
w
ate
r pollu
tion
Po
A i
n T
ha
ila
nd
A1-46
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
Str
uc
ture
of
CP
A:
�G
roup o
f fa
rms o
r in
div
idual fa
rm w
ill
imp
lem
en
t th
e p
roje
ct
activity.
Pro
jec
t m
an
ag
em
en
t:
�E
RD
I w
ill m
an
age
th
e
wh
ole
Po
A, tr
an
sfe
r te
ch
no
logy t
o e
ach
C
PA
fa
rme
rs a
nd
co
ntr
ol m
on
ito
rin
g.
Po
A i
n T
ha
ila
nd
Es
tim
ate
d G
HG
em
iss
ion
re
du
cti
on
s b
y t
he
sp
ec
ific
C
PA
(=
thre
e f
arm
s):
55,7
74 t
-CO
2/y
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
�W
ha
t is
th
e rationale
? -
Wh
y th
is p
art
icu
lar
P
oA
sh
ou
ld b
e p
rom
ote
d/p
rio
ritized
?
�W
ha
t kin
d o
f benefits
ca
n b
e e
xp
ecte
d b
y
the
po
ssib
le P
oA
?
�W
ha
t kin
d o
f issues
will
we
fa
ce
to
de
ve
lop
th
e p
ossib
le P
oA
?
Po
ssib
le P
oA
s i
n T
ha
ila
nd
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
-B
iogas
gen
era
tio
n u
sin
g f
oo
d w
ast
e
in B
an
gk
ok
-
JIC
A E
xper
t T
eam
Yosh
ihir
oM
IZ
UN
O
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
•In
stall
bio
dig
est
ers
at
ele
menta
ry s
chools
in B
angkok
•O
rganic
wast
e f
rom
hum
an feedin
g w
ill b
e u
sed a
s m
ate
rial in
put
to g
enera
te b
iogas
•G
enera
ted b
iogas
will
be u
sed for
cookin
g fuel at
schools
Desc
ription o
f th
e P
oA p
roje
ct
A1-47
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
the p
art
ies
involv
ed in t
he P
oA
・N
um
ber
of
candid
ate
s (
ele
menta
ry s
chool) in t
he
pro
gra
mm
e a
ctivitie
s:
84
(sch
oo
l)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
Benefit
of th
e P
roje
ct(G
HG
Em
issi
on R
educt
ions)
Sch
ool
feed
ing
Bio
dig
esto
r F
ood
was
te
Soil
appli
cati
on
By-p
roduct
fer
tili
zer
Bio
gas
gen
erat
ed
Cookin
g
stoves
L
PG
su
ppli
ers
MS
W
landfi
lls
SS
C-C
PA
bo
un
da
ry
Avo
ida
nce
of
me
than
e
em
issio
ns f
rom
anaero
bic
decay
Re
du
ctio
n o
f fo
ssil
fuel L
PG
consum
ption for
cookin
g s
toves
54 (
tCO
2e/y
ear)
206 (
tCO
2e/y
ear)
To
tal
GH
G E
R =
26
0 t
-CO
2/y
ea
r
A1-48
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CD
M 0
9:
Dev
elo
pm
ent
of
CD
M P
roje
ct A
ctiv
ity
28th
Septe
mber
2010
Chie
f Advis
or
of JI
CA E
xpert
Team
Masa
hik
o F
UJI
MO
TO
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
Agenda
•Pro
ject
im
ple
menta
tion flo
w•
What
is feasi
bili
ty s
tudy?
•Ste
ps
of Feasi
bili
ty S
tudy
•Pro
ject
im
ple
menta
tion s
truct
ure
•For
exam
ple
: Sm
all
Hydro
Pow
er
Genera
tion
•For
exam
ple
: Bio
mass
Pow
er
Genera
tion
•Pre
sent
valu
e a
nd inte
rnal ra
te o
f re
turn
•Sta
rtin
g D
ate
of Pro
ject
Act
ivity
•Prior
consi
dera
tion o
f th
e C
DM
•Concl
usi
on
•Pra
ctic
e
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
Pro
ject
Im
ple
men
tati
on
Flo
w
Fin
an
cie
rG
ove
rnm
en
ts
Pro
ject
imp
lem
en
tati
on
Fin
an
cia
l
pro
cu
rem
en
t
De
cis
ion
Ma
kin
g
Pro
ject
Id
en
tifi
ca
tio
n &
Pro
ject
Pla
n
Pre
pa
rati
on
Pro
ject
de
ve
lop
er
Pro
ject
cycle
Ap
plicati
on
fo
r L
oan
Loan S
upply
Fe
asib
ility
Stu
dy,
I/P
En
gin
ee
rin
g
Pro
cu
rem
en
t
Co
nstr
uctio
n
EIA
Pe
rmits
De
ve
lop
. p
olic
y
Gu
ide
line
s
EIA
: Environm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
ess
ment,
LoI:
Lett
er
of
Inte
rest
CD
M L
oIto
TG
O,
UN
FC
CC
Decis
ion
Makin
g i
n B
oard
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
Wh
at i
s fe
asib
ilit
y s
tud
y?
•Feasi
bili
ty s
tudy
–is
va
lua
ble
to
olfo
r deve
lopin
g a
win
nin
g
busi
ness
pla
n.
–ca
n a
nsw
er
the
esse
nti
al
qu
esti
on
of
“Should
we p
roce
ed w
ith t
he p
ropose
d p
roje
ct
idea?”
,•
identify
ing w
hat
pote
ntial pro
ble
ms
are
•id
entify
ing h
ow
, w
here
the b
usi
ness
should
be
opera
ted, and t
o w
hom
to s
ell
a s
erv
ice o
r pro
duct
•figuring o
ut
how
much
money y
ou n
eed
A1-49
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
Nec
essi
ty o
ffe
asib
ilit
y s
tud
y
•Feasi
bili
ty s
tudy
–o
utl
ine
s s
om
e b
usin
ess a
lte
rna
tive
sand
cla
rifi
es s
tre
ng
ths a
nd
lim
ita
tio
ns
of
them
.
–e
nh
an
ce
s t
he
po
ssib
ilit
y o
f su
cce
ss
by a
ddre
ssin
g
and m
itig
ating f
act
ors
early o
n t
hat
could
aff
ect
the
pro
ject
.
–p
rovid
es q
ua
lity
in
form
ati
on
fo
r d
ecis
ion
m
ak
ing
, in
cludin
g r
easo
ns
not
to p
roce
ed.
–h
elp
s i
n s
ecu
rin
g f
un
din
gfr
om
lendin
g inst
itutions
and o
ther
financi
al so
urc
es.
–help
s to
att
ract
equity invest
ment.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
Ste
ps
of
Fea
sibil
ity S
tudy
Sourc
e:
Opera
tional guid
ance o
n t
he p
repara
tion f
or
Japan’s
OD
A loan p
roje
cts
Re
vie
w o
f a
va
ila
ble
da
ta a
nd
in
form
ati
on
and
of m
ajo
r p
olic
y issu
es
Re
vie
w o
f a
va
ila
ble
da
ta a
nd
in
form
ati
on
and
of m
ajo
r p
olic
y issu
es
An
aly
sis
of
the
nee
dfo
r th
e P
roje
ct,
in
clu
din
g s
up
ply
-an
d-d
em
an
d
an
aly
sis
an
d d
ete
rmin
atio
n o
f th
e r
ela
tive
pri
ority
of
the
Pro
ject
in the
countr
y's
national/re
gio
nal econom
ic d
evelo
pm
ent or
secto
r pro
gra
m
An
aly
sis
of
the
nee
dfo
r th
e P
roje
ct,
in
clu
din
g s
up
ply
-an
d-d
em
an
d
an
aly
sis
an
d d
ete
rmin
atio
n o
f th
e r
ela
tive
pri
ority
of
the
Pro
ject
in the
countr
y's
national/re
gio
nal econom
ic d
evelo
pm
ent or
secto
r pro
gra
m
De
sig
n o
f th
e p
roje
ct
co
ncep
t(p
urp
os
e,
sco
pe
, s
ite
, etc
.)D
es
ign
of
the
pro
jec
t c
on
cep
t(p
urp
os
e,
sco
pe
, s
ite
, etc
.)
Pre
lim
ina
ry f
ac
ilit
y d
es
ign
an
d r
ela
ted
en
gin
ee
rin
g o
f p
ote
nti
all
y v
iab
le
alt
ern
ati
ves
(inclu
din
g p
relim
ina
ry l
ayo
ut,
se
lec
tio
n o
f p
lan
t c
ap
ac
ity,
log
istics s
tud
y,
and
CD
M),
ta
kin
g into
acco
unt n
atu
ral
an
d s
ite
co
nd
itio
ns
,
ava
ila
bil
ity o
f m
ate
ria
ls a
nd
la
bo
r, p
oss
ible
co
ns
tru
cti
on
me
tho
ds
Pre
lim
ina
ry f
ac
ilit
y d
es
ign
an
d r
ela
ted
en
gin
ee
rin
g o
f p
ote
nti
all
y v
iab
le
alt
ern
ati
ves
(inclu
din
g p
relim
ina
ry l
ayo
ut,
se
lec
tio
n o
f p
lan
t c
ap
ac
ity,
log
istics s
tud
y, a
nd
CD
M),
ta
kin
g into
acco
unt n
atu
ral
an
d s
ite
co
nd
itio
ns
,
ava
ila
bil
ity o
f m
ate
ria
ls a
nd
la
bo
r, p
oss
ible
co
ns
tru
cti
on
me
tho
ds
Co
st
es
tim
ate
of
po
ten
tia
lly v
iab
le a
lte
rna
tive
sC
ost
esti
mate
of
po
ten
tiall
y v
iab
le a
ltern
ati
ves
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
Ste
ps
of
Fea
sibil
ity S
tudy
Sourc
e:
Opera
tional guid
ance o
n t
he p
repara
tion f
or
Japan’s
OD
A loan p
roje
cts
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
sc
he
du
leIm
ple
me
nta
tio
n s
ch
ed
ule
Pro
ject
imp
lem
en
tatio
n a
nd
op
era
tio
n a
nd
ma
inte
na
nce
schem
eP
roje
ct
imp
lem
en
tatio
n a
nd
op
era
tio
n a
nd
ma
inte
na
nce
schem
e
Eva
lua
tio
n o
f te
ch
nic
al s
ou
nd
ne
ss
, e
co
no
mic
an
d f
ina
ncia
l via
bil
ity
of
po
ten
tia
lly v
iab
le a
lte
rna
tive
s
Eva
lua
tio
n o
f te
ch
nic
al s
ou
nd
ne
ss
, e
co
no
mic
an
d f
ina
ncia
l via
bil
ity
of
po
ten
tia
lly v
iab
le a
lte
rna
tive
s
Eva
lua
tio
n o
f e
nvir
on
me
nta
l a
nd
so
cia
l im
pa
cts
, p
oss
ible
pro
jec
t ri
sks
Eva
lua
tio
n o
f e
nvir
on
me
nta
l a
nd
so
cia
l im
pa
cts
, p
oss
ible
pro
jec
t ri
sks
Pro
jec
t Im
ple
me
nta
tio
n P
lan
: R
ec
om
me
nd
ati
on
s a
nd
pro
ce
du
res
Pro
jec
t Im
ple
me
nta
tio
n P
lan
: R
ec
om
me
nd
ati
on
s a
nd
pro
ce
du
res
Fin
an
cia
l p
lan
Fin
an
cia
l p
lan
Se
lec
tio
n o
f m
os
t via
ble
alt
ern
ati
ve
Se
lec
tio
n o
f m
os
t via
ble
alt
ern
ati
ve
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
Pro
ject
Im
ple
men
tati
on P
lan
•P
rio
rity
an
d n
ece
ssit
yof
the p
roje
ct
•In
ve
stm
en
t a
nd
fin
an
cin
g p
lan
sco
nsi
stent
with t
he
pro
ject
cost
, in
cludin
g t
he c
ost
of
opera
tion,
main
tenance
and s
taff
tra
inin
g p
rogra
m
•D
eta
ils o
f th
e i
tem
s a
nd
co
mp
on
en
ts o
f th
e p
roje
ct
•C
lea
r sta
tem
en
t o
f th
e i
nte
nti
on
of
the p
roje
ct
develo
per
to u
ndert
ake t
he p
roje
ct
•S
tep
s a
nd
pro
ce
du
res
nece
ssary
to u
ndert
ake t
he
pro
ject
(e.g
. govern
ment
appro
val fo
r th
e p
roje
ct o
r EIA
, acc
epta
nce
by t
he p
roje
ct a
ffect
ed p
eople
)
Sourc
e:
Opera
tional guid
ance o
n t
he p
repara
tion f
or
Japan’s
OD
A loan p
roje
cts
A1-50
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
Pro
ject
Im
ple
men
tati
on S
truct
ure
Co
nsu
lta
nts
Pro
ject
Pro
po
ne
nt
EP
C
Sp
on
so
rs
Fin
an
cia
l in
sti
tuti
on
O&
M
Insu
ran
ce
CD
M
stakeholders
Uti
liti
es
La
nd
ow
ner
Resid
en
ts
Governments
EPC:
E
ngin
eering, Pro
cure
ment
and C
onst
ruct
ion
O&
M:
Opera
tion a
nd M
ain
tenance
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
Exam
ple
1:
Sm
all
Hydro
Pow
er G
ener
atio
nP
roje
ct P
lannin
g S
teps
•Pow
er
dem
and s
tudy
–Sele
ctio
n o
f dem
ands
–Surv
ey o
f dem
and v
ariation p
att
ern
s and s
cale
•Pow
er
genera
tion p
lannin
g–
Pow
er
genera
tion p
lant
layout
–Stu
dy o
n e
ffect
ive h
ead
–Stu
dy o
n w
ate
r flow
volu
me
–Sett
ing o
f m
ax.
availa
ble
wate
r flow
volu
me
•O
ptim
um
pow
er
genera
tion c
apaci
ty–
Pow
er
dem
and a
nd s
upply
bala
nce
–R
evie
w o
f optim
um
capaci
ty
•Pre
limin
ary
desi
gn o
f pow
er
pla
nt
•Pre
limin
ary
cost
est
imate
•
Feasi
bili
ty s
tudy
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
Dem
and
Var
iati
on
an
d W
ater
Flo
w -
Du
rati
on
Da
ily d
em
an
d v
ari
ati
on
pa
tte
rnFlo
w-d
ura
tio
n c
urv
e a
nd
se
lecti
on
of
max
. u
sa
ble
flo
w
Tim
e (
ho
ur)
→
Power demand (kW) →
Da
y →
volume (m3/s) →
0:0
024:0
00
365
95
355
275
185
95-d
ay s
tream
flo
w
Norm
al str
eam
flo
w
Low
str
eam
flo
wD
rought dis
charg
eM
in. w
ate
r flow
Max. u
sab
le f
low
op
tio
ns
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
Po
wer
Ou
tpu
t C
apac
ity
an
d G
ener
ated
En
erg
y
•Pow
er
outp
ut
capaci
ty (
kW
)Pe
= 9
.8 Q
He η
tη
g
Where
,
Pe:
pow
er
outp
ut
(kW
)
Q:
flo
w (
m3/s
)
He:
wate
r head (
m)
ηt: e
ffic
iency
of tu
rbin
e (
small-
scale
: 0.7
5-0
.90)
ηg:
eff
icie
ncy
of genera
tor
(sm
all-
scale
: 0.8
2-0
.93)
•G
enera
ted e
nerg
y (
kW
h/y
r)Ee =
Pe T
Where
,
Ee:
genera
ted e
nerg
y (
kW
h/y
r)
T:
tim
e (
h/y
r)
Channel
Sto
rage T
ank
Pip
elin
e
Pow
er
Pla
nt
Sto
rage T
ank
Pip
elin
e
Pow
er
Pla
nt
wate
r
head
Sourc
e:N
ED
O
Sourc
e:N
ED
O
A1-51
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
Exam
ple
2:
Bio
mas
s
Pow
er G
ener
atio
nP
roje
ct P
lannin
g S
teps
•Pro
ject
site s
urv
ey
-Pre
limin
ary
sele
ctio
n o
f pote
ntial si
tes
-Colle
ctio
n o
f bio
mass
pote
ntial data
, natu
ral and s
oci
al co
nditio
ns
•Pre
limin
ary
siz
ing o
f bio
mass
pla
nt/
faci
litie
s•
Pre
limin
ary
sele
ctio
n o
f co
llect
ion/t
ransp
ort
meth
ods
for
bio
mass
reso
urc
es
•Pre
limin
ary
stu
dy o
n t
he a
mount
and u
tiliz
ation o
f heat
and p
ow
er
genera
ted b
y b
iom
ass
pla
nts
/faci
litie
s (incl
udin
g m
atc
hin
g o
f dem
and a
nd
supply
)•
Pre
limin
ary
stu
dy o
n d
isposa
l of
by-p
roduct
s (e
x.
ash
es)
•Pre
limin
ary
cost
est
imate
•Feasi
bili
ty s
tudy
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
En
erg
y G
ener
atio
n –
Dir
ect
Co
mb
ust
ion
18.4
6S
hell
10.2
4R
ice s
traw
s
17.8
6E
FB
Palm
oil
mill
resid
ues
17.6
2F
iber
14.2
7R
ice h
usks
Ric
e m
illre
sid
ues
17.3
9T
op
&T
rashie
r
0.1
0
(We
t b
ase
)
~ 0.2
2
(D
ryb
ase
)
0.8
514.4
0B
agasse
Sugar
cane m
ill r
esid
ues
9.8
3F
rond
Majo
r item
sP
ow
er
eff
icie
ncy
Heat
eff
icie
ncy
Heating v
alu
e
(GJ/t
on
,Dry
ba
se
)
Bio
mass
[Pow
er
genera
ted (
kW
h/y
ear)
] =
[P
ossib
le b
iom
ass q
uan
tity
(t/y
ear)
] x
[Heati
ng
valu
e(G
J/t)]
x [P
ow
er
eff
icie
ncy] / 0.0
036
(GJ/k
Wh)
Po
we
r
[Heat genera
ted (
GJ/y
ear)
] =
[P
ossib
le b
iom
ass q
uan
tity
(t/y
ear)
] x
[Heati
ng
valu
e(G
J/t] x [H
eat
eff
icie
ncy]
Heat
Sourc
e:B
iom
ass e
nerg
y,
Depart
ment
of
altern
ative E
nerg
y D
evelo
pm
ent
and
Effic
iency
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
En
erg
y G
ener
atio
n –
Dir
ect
Co
mb
ust
ion
18.8
Dis
posed tre
es (
bro
ad
leaf tr
ees)
19.7
8D
isposed tre
es
(conifero
us tre
es)
Woody b
iom
ass[2
]
0.1
0
(We
t b
ase
)
~ 0.2
2
(D
ryb
ase
)
0.8
5
18.0
4corn
cob
Maiz
e
16.2
3H
usk
Coconut in
dustr
y
resid
ues
17.9
3S
hell
15.4
0E
FB
16.0
0F
rond
18.4
2S
talk
Cassava s
tarc
h
industr
y r
esid
ues
15.6
Saw
mill
chip
s
Majo
r item
sP
ow
er
eff
icie
ncy
Heat
eff
icie
ncy
Heating v
alu
e
(GJ/ton)
Bio
mass
Sourc
e:B
iom
ass e
nerg
y,
Depart
ment
of
altern
ative E
nerg
y D
evelo
pm
ent
and
Effic
iency
[2] :
NE
DO
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
En
erg
y G
ener
atio
n –
Met
han
e F
erm
enta
tio
n
62
0.7
40
Kitch
en
wa
ste
sF
oo
d b
iom
ass
60
0.0
24
-S
win
e m
an
ure
60
0.0
30
Be
ef
ca
ttle
0.2
50
.90
37
,18
06
00
.02
5D
air
y c
att
leC
att
le m
an
ure
Me
tha
ne
he
atin
g
va
lue
(kJ/m
3)
62
0.5
50
Se
wa
ge
(slu
dg
e)
Se
wa
ge
Me
tha
ne
co
nte
nt
(%)
Ma
jor
ite
ms
Po
wer
eff
icie
ncy
He
at
eff
icie
ncy
Ga
s
ge
ne
ratio
n
facto
r (m
3/k
g)
Bio
ma
ss
[Pow
er
genera
ted (
kW
h/y
ear)
] =
[P
ossib
le b
iom
ass q
uan
tity
(t/y
ear)
] x
1,0
00
x
[Gas g
en
era
tio
n f
acto
r(m
3/k
g)]
x [M
eth
an
e c
on
ten
t(6
0%
)] x
[Meth
an
e h
eati
ng
valu
e(k
J/m
3)]
x [P
ow
er
eff
icie
ncy] / 3,6
00
(kJ/k
Wh)
Po
we
r
[Heat genera
ted (
GJ/y
ear)
] =
[P
ossib
le b
iom
ass q
uan
tity
(t/y
ear)
] x 1
,000
x
[Gas g
en
era
tio
n f
acto
r(m
3/k
g)]
x [M
eth
an
e c
on
ten
t(6
0%
)] x
[Meth
an
e h
eati
ng
valu
e(k
J/m
3)]
x [H
eat
eff
icie
ncy]
x 1
0-3
Heat
So
urc
e:N
ED
O
A1-52
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
17
Indic
ator
for
finan
cial
anal
ysi
s:
NP
V &
IR
R
�P
rese
nt va
lue
an
aly
sis
: va
lue
eva
lua
tio
n o
f va
rio
us c
ash
flo
w
Ne
t p
res
en
t v
alu
e :
N
PV
= ∑
(va
lue
i)/(
1 +
ra
te)i
-in
ve
stm
en
t c
os
t
va
lue
: fu
ture
ca
sh
flo
w,
rate
: d
isco
un
t ra
te,
i: y
ea
r (1
~ n
)
�In
tern
al r
ate
of
retu
rn (
IRR
):th
e d
isco
un
t ra
te w
he
re N
PV
eq
ua
ls to
ZE
RO
.
-a r
efe
ren
ce
in
dic
ato
r fo
r th
e p
rofita
bili
ty o
f th
e p
roje
ct to
pa
y
inte
rest;
�G
en
era
l c
rite
ria
fo
r in
ve
stm
en
t :
NP
V >
0
IRR
> B
an
k in
tere
st
rate
i=1n
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
18
NP
V &
IR
R C
alcu
lati
on
100
100
100
100
100
-30
0
Benefit
(B)
54
61
69
78
88
-30
0
Pre
sent
Valu
e
(PV)
1.8
4
1.6
3
1.4
4
1.2
8
1.1
3
0
(1+
rate
)i
30
0
In
ve
stm
en
t C
ost
100
100
100
100
100
Inco
me
52-3-64
-133
-212
-30
0
Net
Pre
sent
Valu
e
(NPV)
1 2 3 4 50
Year
(i)
13%
Dis
count
Rate
(rate
)
30
0In
vest
ment
cost
Net
pre
sent
valu
e (
NPV)
in 5
year
Inte
rnal ra
te o
f Retu
rn
IRR in 5
year
Tota
l in
com
e
52
19
.9%
, =
IRR
(B0:B
5)
usi
ng b
enefit
valu
e
100 x
5 =
500
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
19
“Sta
rtin
g D
ate”
of
CD
M P
roje
ct A
ctiv
ity
•Sta
rtin
g D
ate
: “
the e
arlie
st d
ate
at
whic
h e
ither
the im
ple
menta
tion o
r co
nst
ruct
ion o
r re
al act
ion
of a p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity b
egin
s”
–“t
he d
ate
on w
hic
h t
he P
P h
as
com
mitte
d t
o
expenditure
sre
late
d t
o t
he im
ple
menta
tion o
r re
late
d
to t
he c
onst
ruct
ion o
f th
e p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity”
•If
sta
rtin
g d
ate
is
befo
re t
he d
ate
of public
ation
of th
e P
DD
for
glo
bal st
akehold
er
consu
ltation
–N
eed t
o s
how
how
the b
enefits
of
the C
DM
were
se
riousl
y c
onsi
dere
d p
rior
to t
he s
tart
ing d
ate
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
20
Guid
ance
on t
he
dem
onst
rati
on a
nd a
sses
smen
t
of
pri
or
consi
der
atio
n o
f th
e C
DM
•N
ew
Pro
ject
(sta
rtin
g d
ate
, on o
r aft
er
2 A
ugust
2008)
–In
form
the s
tart
of
the p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity a
nd t
heir inte
ntion
to s
eek C
DM
sta
tus
to a
Host
part
y D
NA a
nd t
he U
NFCCC
secr
eta
riat
in w
riting w
ithin
6 m
onth
s of
start
ing d
ate
•Exis
ting P
roje
ct(s
tart
ing d
ate
, befo
re 2
August
2008 a
nd
befo
re t
he d
ate
of
valid
ation)
–In
dic
ate
aw
are
ness
of
the C
DM
prior
to s
tart
ing d
ate
–In
dic
ate
that
the b
enefits
of
the C
DM
were
a d
eci
sive
fact
or
in t
he d
eci
sion t
o p
roce
ed w
ith t
he p
roje
ct
•(e
.g. m
inute
s or
note
s of th
e d
eci
sion b
y t
he B
oard
of
Direct
ors
)
A1-53
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
21
Conclusions
•Feasi
bili
ty s
tudy
serv
es
as
an d
eci
sion-m
akin
g
toolfo
r th
e m
anagem
ent
wheth
er
to g
o a
head
with t
he p
ropose
d p
roje
ct
•It
is
ess
entialto
unders
tand feasi
bili
ty a
nd
pote
ntial risk
sof th
e p
ropose
d p
roje
ct
obje
ctiv
ely
and q
uantita
tively
.
•W
hen d
eci
sion-m
akin
g w
as
done, if y
ou inte
nd
to im
ple
ment
your
Pro
ject
as
CD
M, you n
eed t
o
send L
OI
to T
GO
and U
NFCCC
for
CD
M.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
22
Practice1
1)Ple
ase
calc
ula
tem
axim
um
capaci
tyof Sm
all
Hydro
Pow
er
Genera
tion a
nd a
nnual exp
ect
ed e
lect
rici
ty
genera
tion.
Ass
um
ption)
�W
ate
r volu
me :
11
(m3/s
)�
Wate
r head :
74
(m)
�Eff
icie
ncy
of
turb
ine :
0.9
�Eff
icie
ncy
of
genera
tor
: 0.9
�Annual w
ork
ing t
ime :
3600
(h)
= 2
4 h
ours
* 1
50
days
�Sourc
e:
SuoiSap 3
Hydro
Pow
er
Pro
ject
in S
on L
a
Pro
vin
ce in V
ietn
am
Answ
er)
_____ k
W _____ k
Wh/y
ear
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
23
Practice2
2)Ple
ase
calc
ula
teexpect
ed a
mount
of
ele
ctrici
ty g
enera
ted
from
Bio
mass
Ele
ctrici
ty
Genera
tion P
lant.
Ass
um
ption)
�R
ice H
usk
volu
me :
14,3
07
(tons/
6 m
onth
s),
dry
base
�so
urc
e:
Monitoring r
eport
of
A.T
Bio
pow
er
Ric
e H
usk
Pow
er
Pro
ject
in P
ichit, Thaila
nd
Answ
er)
_____ k
Wh/
6m
onth
s
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
24
Practice3(a)
3a)Ple
ase
calc
ula
teIR
Rof 10 y
ears
without
CD
MAss
um
ption)
�In
vest
ment
cost
: 1,5
00 m
illio
n T
BH
•For
Year
1
�O
/M c
ost
: 5
% o
f in
vest
ment
cost
•O
pera
tion s
tart
s fr
om
Year
2
�Annual ele
ctrici
ty g
enera
tion:2
10,0
00 M
Wh/y
ear
�Ele
ctrici
ty T
ariff
: 2.1
TBH
/ kW
h�
Bio
mass
cost
: 142,5
00,5
00 T
BH
/ year
�so
urc
e:
Phu
Khie
oBio
-Energ
y C
ogenera
tion p
roje
ct (
PKBC)
Answ
er)
_____ %
(IR
R)
without
CER
A1-54
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
25
Practice3(b)
3b)Ple
ase
calc
ula
teIR
Rof 10 y
ears
with C
DM
.
Ass
um
ption)
�Cost
and r
evenue ite
ms
are
sam
e a
s in
the p
revio
us
slid
e
�Annual em
issi
on r
educt
ion is
100,0
00 t
-CO
2/
year
�CER
price
: $10/
ton, or
300 B
aht/
ton
�Sourc
e:
Phu
Khie
oBio
-Energ
y C
ogenera
tion p
roje
ct (
PKBC)
•Fig
ure
s and c
onte
nts
are
modifie
d f
rom
the o
rigin
al PD
D f
or
sim
plif
ication
Answ
er)
_____ %
(IR
R)
wit C
ER
A1-55
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
CD
M 1
0:
AR
-C
DM
/ cu
rren
t sit
uati
on
an
d issu
es
23rd
No
vem
ber
201
0
JIC
A E
xper
t T
eam
Osa
mu
ISO
DA
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
Co
nte
nts
•1.
Cu
rren
t st
atu
s o
f A
/R C
DM
•2.
Bas
ic r
ule
s fo
r A
/R C
DM
•3.
Sm
all-
scal
e A
/R C
DM
•4.
Man
gro
ve r
efo
rest
atio
n
smal
l-sc
ale
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct in
Ch
anta
bu
rip
rovi
nce
������
•1.
����������� �
CD
M �����
��
•2.
���������������
CD
M �����
��
•3.
CD
M ������������ !�
•4.
"���������#�#&��'�(� �
CD
M ����� !�
) ����*�����+�,
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
1. C
urr
ent
stat
us
of
A/R
CD
M
1.1
Cu
rren
t st
atu
s o
f C
DM
•N
o. o
f re
gis
tere
d p
roje
cts
(as
of
8 N
ov.
201
0) :
To
tal:
2,
969,
A/R
: 17
(0.
57%
)
•D
iffe
ren
ces
fro
m e
mis
sio
n
red
uct
ion
pro
ject
incl
ud
e “n
on
-per
man
ence
”:R
isk
that
rem
ova
ls b
y si
nks
are
re
vers
ed b
ecau
se o
f d
eath
et
c.
•����
����
���
�� ��
����
����
����������
(� ���
�� 8
���� ��
� 2
553
): ��
� :
2,9
69
���
��
, !��
"��
�:1
7
���
��
(0
.57
%)
•���
��$$�
��
���
��
��
����
"��"�&��(
��)&������
��
���
&) �
�)&���
���
*��
�: �����
��+� �
�� ��
��
�,�(���(
�&$
���
�(
&��
"��"�&�&&���
�
-�
$���
$��
So
urc
e: U
NF
CC
C
1. ����������� �
CD
M �������
1.1 ����������� �
CD
M
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
1.2
Reg
iste
red
A/R
CD
M p
roje
cts
•P
roje
cts
(17)
:
In 2
006;
1
In 2
009;
10
In 2
010;
6
•M
eth
od
olo
gy
(18)
:
AM
0001
; 3
AM
0003
; 4
AM
S00
01;
7
So
urc
e: U
NF
CC
C
1.2 "������
CD
M ������� +,-��+��
����.��+��,(�/ *
•��
�����
(17
):
�
..2
549;
1
�
..2
552;
10
�
..2
553;
6
•�� ����
(18
):
AM
0001
; 3
AM
0003
; 4
AM
S00
01;
7
No
.R
egis
tere
dH
ost
Par
ties
Oth
er P
arti
esM
eth
od
olo
gy
Rem
ova
ls (
tCO
2-e/
yr)
106
/11/
10C
hin
aIt
aly,
Sp
ain
AR
-AM
0001
ver
. 225
,795
209
/1/3
0M
old
ova
Can
ada
etc.
AR
-AM
0002
ver
. 117
9,24
2
309
/3/2
3In
dia
AR
-AM
S00
01 v
er. 4
11,5
96
409
/4/2
8V
iet
Nam
AR
-AM
S00
01 v
er. 4
2,66
5
509
/6/5
Ind
iaA
R-A
M00
01 v
er. 2
57,7
92
609
/6/1
1B
oliv
iaB
elg
ium
AR
-AM
S00
01 v
er. 4
4,34
1
709
/8/2
1U
gan
da
Ital
yA
R-A
MS
0001
ver
. 55,
564
809
/9/6
Par
agu
ayJa
pan
AR
-AM
S00
01 v
er. 4
1,52
3
909
/11/
16C
hin
aA
R-A
M00
03 v
er. 3
23,0
30
1009
/11/
16P
eru
AR
-AM
0003
ver
. 448
,689
1109
/12/
7E
thio
pia
Can
ada
AR
-AM
0003
ver
. 429
,343
1210
/1/2
Alb
ania
Ital
yA
R-A
M00
03 v
er. 4
22,9
64
1310
/1/1
5In
dia
UK
AR
-AM
S00
01 v
er. 5
3,59
4
1410
/4/1
6C
olo
mb
iaA
R-A
M00
04 v
er. 3
37,7
83
1510
/5/2
7C
hile
UK
AR
-AM
S00
01 v
er. 5
9,29
2
1610
/7/2
1B
razi
lN
eth
erla
nd
sA
R-A
M00
05 v
er. 2
75,7
83
1710
/9/1
5C
hin
aS
pai
nA
R-A
CM
0001
ver
. 387
,308
Av.
(la
rge-
sca
le)
58,7
73
Av.
(S
mal
l- s
cale
)5,
511
Av.
(T
ota
l)36
,841
A1-56
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
2. B
asic
Ru
les
for
A/R
CD
M
2.1
Ad
van
tag
e o
f A
/R C
DM
Pro
ject
Act
ivit
y
•A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivit
y
can
:
–b
e p
oss
ible
to
ab
sorb
larg
e vo
lum
e o
f C
O2
by
low
co
stin
cas
e o
f la
rge-
scal
e o
f p
lan
tin
g;
and
–co
ntr
ibu
te n
ot
on
ly C
O2
abso
rpti
on
bu
t al
so
envi
ron
men
tal
imp
rove
men
t/ r
egio
nal
dev
elo
pm
ent.
•������
���
��
���
C
DM
��
��
����
���
:
–����
��
��
��������
�����
���
��
�!���
!!���
���
���
��"����
$��"
%�&��
���'
����
(�� ��
��
����
C
DM
)���
�*+
–��
�,�"-
%���������
��
�!���
!!���
�-%"�
���
�.
���,
-��
(!��*
��
)/0�
-(��
��,�1
���
���!�
���
2. �������
�����
� � C
DM
���
���
�
2.1 ������������� ������
CD
M ����
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
•Is
sues
:
–N
on
-per
man
ence
(Fo
rest
will
b
e va
nis
hin
g s
om
eday
.)
–U
nce
rtai
nty
(Im
po
ssib
le t
o
pre
dic
t ac
cura
te a
mo
un
t o
f re
mo
vals
)
–L
on
g-t
erm
(nec
essa
ry f
or
fore
st g
row
th)
•S
olu
tio
n:
–N
on
-per
man
ence
->
CE
R(l
on
g-t
erm
/ sh
ort
-ter
m)
–U
nce
rtai
nty
->
pre
dic
tio
n b
y ad
equ
ate
sam
plin
g/ s
tati
stic
al
met
ho
ds
–L
on
g-t
erm
->
lon
g-t
erm
cr
edit
ing
per
iod
2.2
Issu
es o
n A
/R C
DM
&
thei
r so
luti
on
s
•�0��:
–�*������*�
(���*������
�����
)
–�*����/�� �
(�������+,-
��������)��3��)
��5
+,-
�&������!�� (���&�6 �
–��(�(�*
(�������������*��
�63"6� �����)
•���/���
:
–����*�
->C
ER
(��(�(�*
/��(�����
)
–�*����/�� �
->
���+����(
"�(�����6�* (�� (��
��,(��
/ *38,���+����363
–��(�(�*
->
��(��* �9����
�3�����36��(�(�*
2.2 ���������
� C
DM
���
��
�� ��� ���
����
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
2.3
Wh
at is
A/R
CD
M P
roje
ct A
ctiv
ity?
•D
efin
itio
n o
f F
OR
ES
T
(a)
A s
ing
le m
inim
um
tre
e cr
ow
n
cove
r va
lue
bet
wee
n 1
0 an
d 3
0 %
;
(b)
A s
ing
le m
inim
um
lan
d a
rea
valu
e
bet
wee
n 0
.05
and
1h
ecta
re;
(c)
A s
ing
le m
inim
um
tre
e h
eig
ht
valu
e b
etw
een
2 a
nd
5 m
eter
s
So
urc
e: J
IFP
RO
•����������� �
(a) �,�������� �� ���� �( �
���*��
10-
30%
;
(b) �,����+,-���*��
0.05
-1 �:�/6�;
(c) 6����,�*���&����*��
2 -
5
��6�
At
no
t fo
rest
are
aB
y p
lan
tin
g a
ctiv
itie
sP
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
to c
reat
e fo
rest
ed a
rea
2.3 ����������������� �
C
DM
� �� �
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
2.4
Elig
ibili
ty o
f la
nd
s
Aff
ore
stat
ion
: P
lan
tin
g a
ctiv
ity
at t
he
area
NO
T f
ore
st in
pas
t 50
yea
rs
Ref
ore
stat
ion
: P
lan
tin
g a
ctiv
ity
at t
he
area
NO
T f
ore
st o
n 3
1 D
ec. 1
989
and
at
the
mo
men
t p
roje
ct s
tart
s
NO
T f
ore
stN
OT
fo
rest
50 y
ears
ag
oat
th
e m
om
ent
pro
ject
sta
rts
con
tin
uo
usl
y NO
T f
ore
stN
OT
fo
rest
(Yea
r)
Elig
ible
fo
r
affo
rest
atio
n
Elig
ible
fo
r
refo
rest
atio
n
So
urc
e: J
IFP
RO
2.4
���
�������
������
A1-57
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
2.5
Cre
dit
to
be
able
to
ac
hie
ve b
y A
/R C
DM
Pro
ject
act
ivit
y
Pro
ject
Sce
nar
io
Cre
dit
Bas
elin
e S
cen
ario
Bas
elin
eYea
r
Differences
of removals
Net GHG removals (aggregate)
(tCO2 conversion)
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.5 ��
������
����
��
� ���
!��"
���
C
DM
���
���
�
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
2.6
Pro
ject
bo
un
dar
y
•G
eog
rap
hic
ally
del
inea
tes
pro
ject
ac
tivi
ty u
nd
er t
he
con
tro
l of
the
PP
s.
•M
ore
th
an o
ne
dis
cret
e ar
eas
of
lan
d
-E
ach
: a
un
iqu
e g
eog
rap
hic
al
iden
tifi
cati
on
;
-N
ot
incl
ud
e th
e ar
eas
in b
etw
een
th
ese
dis
cret
e ar
eas
of
lan
d.
Pro
ject
bo
un
dar
y o
f A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivit
yS
ou
rce:
JIF
PO
•���������� ������������������
������ !"� ��#���%&�%'����(�
�&�)%����
•��&�*�+������������,���!�����
- -����������: ����������������
��������
- ,��&����������������*&������������,�
��!�����
2.6
���
���
�����
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
2.7
Bas
elin
e S
cen
ario
•T
he
bas
elin
e sc
enar
io f
or
an A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivit
y is
th
e sc
enar
io t
hat
reas
on
ably
rep
rese
nts
th
e su
m o
f th
e
chan
ges
in c
arb
on
sto
cks
in t
he
carb
on
po
ols
wit
hin
th
e p
roje
ct
bo
un
dar
y th
at w
ou
ld o
ccu
r in
th
e
abse
nce
of
the
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct
acti
vity
.
In c
ase
of
the
abse
nce
of
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
•���
�����
CD
M ���
��
�
��
���
��������
����
� ������ ��
�����
���
����� ����
��"�
�#��
%��
���
�����
"�����
&'�
����
�����
����(�"�
��
%�����
��'�
����
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.7 ���
����
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
2.8
Pro
ject
Act
ivit
y
•A
n A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivit
y is
an a
ffo
rest
atio
no
r re
fore
stat
ion
mea
sure
, op
erat
ion
or
acti
on
that
aim
s at
ach
ievi
ng
net
anth
rop
og
enic
GH
G r
emo
vals
by
sin
ks.
Ch
ang
es in
car
bo
n s
tock
s
Imp
lem
enta
tio
n o
f A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivit
y
2.8
�����
���
�����
•��)���
�'�
����
CD
M ���
�
�� ��
���
�*� �#
�� ���
+�+* �,
���
�.��������
#��
��%
�.��/�����
�01 &
�0 �%��
"�
���
�*�2 ���2
������%)�
)��
��)���
���
�04�
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
A1-58
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
2.9
Cal
cula
tio
n o
f n
et a
nth
rop
og
enic
GH
G r
emo
val b
y si
nk
N =
A –
B –
L
N:
Net
an
thro
po
gen
ic g
reen
ho
use
g
as r
emo
vals
by
sin
ksA
: A
ctu
al n
et g
reen
ho
use
gas
re
mo
vals
by
sin
ksB
: B
asel
ine
net
gre
enh
ou
se g
as
rem
ova
ls b
y si
nks
L
: L
eaka
ge
Bas
elin
e n
et
gre
enh
ou
se g
as
rem
ova
ls b
y
sin
ks
Act
ual
net
gre
enh
ou
se
gas
rem
ova
ls
by
sin
ks
Lea
kag
eN
et a
nth
rop
og
enic
gre
enh
ou
se g
as
rem
ova
ls b
y si
nks
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.9 ��%.��&�
/�����
�� � 0���0
!������"���!� "��"��������'�
N =
A –
B –
L
N:
/�����
�0!������"�'������
� 0��, "�
�"��������'�
A:
/�����
�0!������"�'������
� 0��, "���
B:
�����2�����/�����
�0
!������"��� �
0��,
L:
�����&,*�
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
2.10
Car
bo
n P
oo
ls
PP
ssh
ou
ld e
valu
ate
5 c
arb
on
po
ols
for
cal
cula
tio
n o
n
chan
ge
of
car
bo
n r
emo
vals
.
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
����
��
���
���
��
�����
��
5
��� �
�����
���
����
�������
���
��
�� !���� �
� �
��"�"#��
���
���
2.10
��������� ��
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
2.11
Cal
cula
tio
n o
f B
asel
ine
net
GH
G r
emo
vals
by
sin
ks
•T
ota
l am
ou
nt
on
ch
ang
e o
f ca
rbo
n r
emo
vals
of
carb
on
p
oo
ls in
pro
ject
bo
un
dar
y•
= L
ivin
g b
iom
ass
In c
ase
of
the
abse
nce
of
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
Est
imat
ion
of
carb
on
rem
ova
ls b
y si
nks
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.11
���
����
�����$��
��
���
����#
��&�����
��'� "�"#��("
•���
���
���� !���� '
�) �"
�� �
����
���
"�"#�����
���
���
��� �
�����
���*�
��+
���
���
•=
,�
�
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
2.12
Cal
cula
tio
n o
f A
ctu
al n
et
GH
G r
emo
vals
by
sin
ks:
•T
ota
l am
ou
nt
on
ch
ang
e o
f ca
rbo
n r
emo
vals
of
carb
on
p
oo
ls in
pro
ject
bo
un
dar
y•
= L
ivin
g b
iom
ass
•–
Em
issi
on
by
pro
ject
(in
crea
se
of
emis
sio
n in
pro
ject
b
ou
nd
ary) Im
ple
men
tati
on
of
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
Est
imat
ion
on
ch
ang
e o
f ca
rbo
n r
emo
vals
by
sin
ks
minus
Incr
ease
of
GH
G e
mis
sio
n
by
pro
ject
imp
lem
enta
tio
n
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.12
���
����
����
����#
��&��
���
���-'.�'� "�"#��("
���
•���
�� �
����
�� !����
'�) �
"�� �
����
���
"�"#��
���
���
���
��� �
�����
���
*���
+��
� ���
•=
,�
�•
����#
'� /�����!���
���
"������
���
���
(���
��� �0)��� �
�����!��#
*������
+��
� ���
)
A1-59
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
17
2.13
No
n-p
erm
anen
ce o
f A
/R
CD
M (
tCE
Ran
d lC
ER
)
•T
emp
ora
ry C
ER
s(t
CE
R)
and
lon
g-
term
CE
Rs
(lC
ER
s):
–T
he
PP
ssh
all s
elec
t o
ne
of
the
follo
win
g a
pp
roac
hes
to
ad
dre
ssin
g n
on
-per
man
ence
o
f an
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
(a)
issu
ance
of
tCE
Rs
for
the
net
GH
G r
emo
vals
by
sin
ks
ach
ieve
d b
y th
e p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
sin
ce t
he
pro
ject
sta
rtin
g d
ate;
or
(b)
issu
ance
of
lCE
Rs
for
the
net
GH
G r
emo
vals
by
sin
ks
ach
ieve
d b
y th
e p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
du
rin
g e
ach
ver
ific
atio
n p
erio
d
2.13
����������
CD
M
���� (
tCE
Ran
d lC
ER
)
•#�����������/����0!����
��"-�����&%��&
(tC
ER
) -��
#���������/����0!������"
-��������&
(lC
ER
s):
–(�!���&�)%����"����!���
*�+��#�&����� ����,/���!����
!��3+�%&��,�3�&�����"���
)%�������
CD
M #� �%/�,�
(a) ����
tC
ER
s "��.�, !������
�� � 0���0!������""�
�� .�!���)%����) �!��������-�
&��������!����)%����
*���
(b) ����
lCE
Rs "��.�, !������
�� � 0���0!������""�
�� .�!���)%����) ����#��&�
����!&������&"���
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
18
2.14
Cre
dit
ing
Per
iod
Pro
ject
sta
rts
1stcr
edit
per
iod
sta
rts
Pro
ject
sta
rts
Cre
dit
per
iod
sta
rts
Pro
ject
en
ds
Cre
dit
per
iod
en
ds
1st
cred
it
per
iod
en
ds
2nd
cre
dit
per
iod
en
ds
Pro
ject
en
ds
3rd
cre
dit
per
iod
end
s60
yea
rs m
axim
um
20 y
ears
20 y
ears
20 y
ears
30 y
ears
Cre
dit
per
iod
(ren
ewab
le)
Cre
dit
per
iod
(no
t re
new
able
)
(Yea
r)
renewal
renewal
•It
beg
ins
at t
he
star
t o
f th
e A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
ac
tivi
ty a
nd
can
be
eith
er:
–A
max
imu
m o
f 20
yea
rs, m
ay b
e re
new
ed
twic
e (t
ota
l 60
year
sm
axim
um
)
–A
max
imu
m o
f 30
yea
rs
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.14
������������� ��� ��
•��������
���
������������ � ��
����
���
����
��������
��
����
��:–
�������
�� �
!� 20
" ���
�$����
���
2
����
(���
� �
!� 60
")
–�������
�� �
!� 30
"
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
19
2.15
Issu
ance
of
tCE
R/ l
CE
R
•T
he
init
ial v
erif
icat
ion
an
d c
erti
fica
tio
n o
f an
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
may
be
un
der
take
n a
t a
tim
e se
lect
ed b
y th
e P
Ps.
T
her
eaft
er, v
erif
icat
ion
an
d c
erti
fica
tio
n
shal
l be
carr
ied
ou
t ev
ery
5 ye
ars
un
til t
he
end
of
the
cred
itin
g p
erio
d.
Net anthropogenic GHG
removals (tCO2-e)
Cre
dit
ing
per
iod
Cre
dit
ing
per
iod
The difference between the
previous and the current GHG
removals would be issued.
Total GHG removals would
be issued.
Issu
ance
of
lCE
Rs
Issu
ance
of
tCE
Rs
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.15
������
tC
ER
/ lC
ER
•������������ ���
���������������������
����������������� ���
�������
������� ������"#��
$�% 5 &
Year
Year
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
20
2.16
Exp
iry
of
tCE
R/ l
CE
R
Exp
iry
of
tCE
Rs Cre
dit
ing
per
iod
Cre
dit
ing
per
iod
Net anthropogenic GHG
removals (tCO2-e)
Exp
iry
of
lCE
Rs
Eac
h t
CE
Rsh
all e
xpir
e at
th
e en
d o
f th
e
com
mit
men
t p
erio
dsu
bse
qu
ent
to t
he
com
mit
men
t p
erio
d f
or
wh
ich
it w
as
issu
ed.
Eac
h lC
ER
shal
l exp
ire
at t
he
end
of
the
cred
itin
g p
erio
d.
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.16
�����������
tCE
R/ l
CE
R
tCE
R ���� ��������������
�����
� ������������
��
������� �� ���
lCE
R ���� ��������������
������������� ��� ��
A1-60
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
21
2.17
Rep
lace
men
to
f C
ER
s
tCE
Rs:
Eve
n w
hen
tre
es a
re c
ut
rig
ht
afte
r
tCE
Rs
are
issu
ed, t
he
tCE
Rs
are
still
val
id
du
rin
g t
he
CP
wh
ich
th
ey a
re is
sued
.
lCE
Rs:
Wh
ere
the
cert
ific
atio
n r
epo
rt
ind
icat
es a
rev
ersa
l of
GH
G r
emo
vals
sin
ce
the
pre
vio
us
cert
ific
atio
n, a
n e
qu
ival
ent
qu
anti
ty o
f C
ER
ssh
all b
e re
pla
ced
.
Net anthropogenic GHG
removals (tCO2-e)
lCERs
tCERs
Cre
dit
ing
per
iod
Cre
dit
ing
per
iod
So
urc
e: J
IFP
O
2.17
��������
C
ER
s
tCE
Rs:
���������� ������ ����������
��� ����
tCE
Rs ��� ��������������������
� ������ !"��� ����� �������
lCE
Rs:
���������� ����#�"�$����%�&�!�
'�(������'��'����� %�*�������#�"����
���#�"�� ����� ���������� +� ,�'�(���
%#���%#�-��
CE
Rs ������������*�
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
22
So
urc
e: J
IFP
RO
Wh
at
is “
MA
NG
RO
VE
”?
��������
��� �
A t
ree
or
shru
b t
hat
gro
ws
in m
ud
dy,
ch
iefl
y tr
op
ical
coas
tal s
wam
ps
that
are
inu
nd
ated
at
hig
h t
ide.
Man
gro
ves
typ
ical
ly h
ave
nu
mer
ou
s ta
ng
led
ro
ots
abo
ve g
rou
nd
an
d f
orm
den
se t
hic
ket.
����������������������������� ��
������ !�"���$���������%
&�'��
!��������������$*��
�� ��+�!,��$*��
-$��$*���
��"�&
�����������" !����+���+����+���������$����,�!������
�-$�������,��
So
urc
e: D
MC
R
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
23
So
urc
e: J
IFP
RO
Typ
ical
man
gro
ve s
pec
ies:
Gen
era
in s
ever
al f
amili
es, i
n
par
ticu
lar Rhizophora
and
rel
ated
gen
era
(fam
ily R
hiz
op
ho
race
ae),
and
Avicenia
(fam
ily V
erb
enac
eae
or
Avi
cen
nia
ceae
).
Rhizophaora
mucronata
Pro
p-r
oo
t &
Pro
pag
ule
s
Aviceniamarina
Aer
ial-
roo
t &
See
ds
����������#�%�'����
:
( ����%����������
*���
(�� ���+���������,��
(��- R
hiz
op
ho
race
ae)
(��(��
(��- V
erb
enac
eae
or
Avi
cen
nia
ceae
)
So
urc
e: W
ikip
edia
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
24
2.18
Dem
on
stra
tio
n o
f A
dd
itio
nal
ity
1
•P
Ps
shal
l dem
on
stra
te t
he
add
itio
nal
itie
s:
–N
et a
nth
rop
og
enic
re
mo
vals
will
incr
ease
th
ose
th
at w
ou
ld h
ave
occ
urr
ed in
th
e ab
sen
ce o
f th
e A
/R C
DM
.
–P
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
can
be
imp
lem
ente
d, i
f th
e p
roje
ct
is a
pp
rove
d a
s A
/R C
DM
.It
will
be
dem
on
stra
ted
by
fin
anci
al a
nal
ysis
/ bar
rier
an
alys
is.
2.18
��(� ������������
1
•��������� �������
���������� ����
add
itio
nal
ity �� �������:
–��� ���������
������
�� �����"����������#
���$���"#��%�& �� ����
���� ���
–��������� �����
����'�(�����������"#�
��� ������� �����)���
*+������ ���
C
DM
�$# ��
'���������������
������+%� ������� ��
-.����������+�)�����
*�����(����� ��
A1-61
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
25
2.19
Dem
on
stra
tio
n o
f A
dd
itio
nal
ity
2
•F
inan
cial
An
alys
is:
Th
e ev
iden
ce t
hat
IRR
(in
tern
al r
ate
of
retu
rn)
will
NO
Tex
ceed
ben
ch
mar
k w
ith
ou
t fi
nan
cial
pro
fit
of
CE
R
selli
ng
.
•B
arri
er A
nal
ysis
:
PP
ssh
all p
rovi
de
an e
xpla
nat
ion
to
sho
w t
hat
th
e p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
wo
uld
no
t h
ave
occ
urr
ed a
nyw
ay d
ue
to a
t
leas
t o
ne
of
the
follo
win
g b
arri
ers:
–In
vest
men
t b
arri
er
–T
ech
no
log
ical
bar
rier
–B
arri
er d
ue
to p
reva
ilin
g p
ract
ice
–O
ther
bar
rier
s
2.19
��(� ������������
2
•�
�����
���
��
� �
����
� :
�
����
�
�� IRR
(�
����
��
��
��
�
���
� ) �
���
� ��
��
��
���
�
!��
�
"���
��
�#�$
����
��
���
���
���
���
%��
C
ER
•�
�����
���
��
"&!
���
:
�'��
)�
���
��!
� ��
*�
+��
���,
-���
!�
��
�.
��)�
���
��$
!�
��*
����
%/0
$�*
���
���
"&!
���
��
����
��
��
/��
����
�$&
�0:
–�
"&!
���
��
���
���
" –
�"&
!��
��
� ��
�
��–
�"&
!��
��
-����
��%
���
�&
1��
���
���$�
��
–�
"&!
���
�-�
2
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
26
2.20
Car
efu
l Att
enti
on
to
be
pai
d
•A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
act
ivit
y sh
ou
ld
con
trib
ute
su
stai
nab
le d
evel
op
men
t
in h
ost
co
un
try.
•E
nvi
ron
men
tal/
soci
o-e
con
om
ical
imp
act
asse
ssm
ent
sho
uld
be
imp
lem
ente
d. I
f an
y im
pac
ts a
re
pre
dic
ted
, th
e m
itig
atin
g m
easu
res
sho
uld
be
pre
par
ed.
•C
ou
nte
rmea
sure
s to
res
po
nse
to
stak
eho
lder
’s c
om
men
tssh
ou
ld b
e
pro
vid
ed.
•P
ub
lic f
un
din
gfr
om
An
nex
I P
arti
es
do
es n
ot
resu
lt in
a d
iver
sio
n o
f O
DA
(off
icia
l dev
elo
pm
ent
assi
stan
ce).
2.20
���������
•+� +���� ��+��
C
DM
�������
�����+����/����������
��,+"�!��0� ����
• ���*�+��"�!����1�+�!��
����,��
���
/�0�2
3+� ,�!���
�
��+��1�+�!������� ��
+��%
�� �����������+�������+��
"��+��
• ���������&�$, ���������
�� ����6����1
7�����
�����
•��������8��%! �+"�!��0��
9� 1��+
��� 1
����1���+��
�������� ���&��������+��
��/������"����+��
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
27
3. S
mal
l-sc
ale
A/R
CD
M
3.1
Sm
all-
scal
e A
/R C
DM
1
•D
efin
itio
n o
f sm
all-
scal
e A
/R C
DM
p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ity
–N
et G
HG
rem
ova
ls b
y si
nks
of
less
th
an 1
6,00
0 t-
CO2/y
ear
(eac
h
veri
fica
tio
n p
erio
d)
•If
gre
ater
th
an 1
6,00
0 t-
CO2/y
ear,
th
e ex
cess
re
mo
vals
will
no
t b
e el
igib
lefo
r th
e is
suan
ce o
f tC
ER
so
r lC
ER
s.
–D
evel
op
ed o
r im
ple
men
ted
by
low
-in
com
e co
mm
un
itie
s an
d
ind
ivid
ual
sas
det
erm
ined
by
the
ho
st P
arty
.
•P
rio
r to
th
e su
bm
issi
on
of
the
valid
atio
n r
epo
rt t
o t
he
EB
, th
e D
OE
hav
e re
ceiv
ed
fro
m t
he
PP
sa
wri
tten
d
ecla
rati
on
of
that
.
•�
#� ��
� %
��)
���
���
&�
'�&
�%
����
.�
–&
�� ��
���
�'�
5��
��5
��-�
�
���
�
��
���
16
,00
0 �
� �
���
�
$��
��
$5�
����
���
���
& (
��
��
���
����
����
���
���
!�
�)
•*
�&��
���
���
'�5
���
�5��
-�
���
��
��
���
16
,00
0
��
���
��
$�
��
�$5
�
����
���
���
&!
� �
�����
��$
!�
��*
��
� t
CE
Rs
�-�
lCE
Rs $
�
–�&
�
��,
�9
��-�
�#��
�
��
)��
���:
" :
����
$��
�#���
�)�
��
#�,��
�#�
�
)��
&��
��;
���
�� •
��
�
�����
-� ��
���
�
���
���
!�
��
���
EB
, D
OE
��
$����
��
���
*�
����
�
���
�'�%
���
)���
���
3. C
DM
���%�#�,� ��.
3.1
CD
M ���%�#�,� ��.
1
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
28
3.2
Sm
all-
scal
e A
/R C
DM
2
•S
imp
lifie
d m
od
alit
ies
and
pro
ced
ure
s fo
r sm
all-
scal
e A
/R C
DM
pro
ject
ac
tivi
ty:
In o
rder
to
red
uce
tra
nsa
ctio
n c
ost
s,
mo
dal
itie
s an
d p
roce
du
res
are
sim
plif
ied
as
follo
ws:
–T
he
req
uir
emen
ts f
or
the
PD
D(p
roje
ct d
esig
n d
ocu
men
t) a
re
red
uce
d;
–B
asel
ine
met
ho
do
log
ies
by
the
pro
ject
typ
e ar
e si
mp
lifie
d;
–M
on
ito
rin
g p
lan
sar
e si
mp
lifie
d;
and
–T
he
sam
e o
per
atio
nal
en
tity
may
u
nd
erta
ke v
alid
atio
n, a
nd
ve
rifi
cati
on
an
d c
erti
fica
tio
n.
3.2
CD
M ���%�#�,� ��.
2
•�7",��,�!��$����+�� ���*�
� ��+��������*��
���� ��+��
"�7+"��
���
��6+
:
������� ��& ���+���*�����+��
�*����7",��,�!��$������ ���
������
�$:– ������+
����+���"�!+��
� ��+������
(PD
D);
–�&
��8�+��+*��
��+�%
�3��
,����
;
–�&
��8�������1�,����; ,�!
–�&
��������� ���
����+����+����� ���
���
���
,�!+����+��������
A1-62
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
29
4. M
ang
rove
ref
ore
stat
ion
sm
all-
scal
e
A/R
CD
M p
roje
ct in
Ch
anta
bu
rip
rovi
nce
4.1
Bac
kgro
un
d
Ass
ista
nce
of
JIC
A
•P
Ps
req
ues
t to
TG
O &
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
to a
ssis
t to
pre
par
e A
/R C
DM
•M
ang
rove
ref
ore
stat
ion
pro
ject
was
se
lect
ed.
•JI
CA
Exp
ert
Tea
m a
ssis
ts t
o p
rep
are
PD
D.
Pro
ject
sit
e
•L
oca
ted
in W
elu
wet
lan
d (
19,0
00 h
a) in
C
han
tab
uri
pro
vin
ce
•D
esig
nat
ed a
s “R
eser
ved
Fo
rest
”in
19
62
•D
rast
ical
ly e
ncr
oac
hed
in t
his
30
year
s
•N
atu
ral f
ore
st h
as b
een
ch
ang
ing
to
sh
rim
p p
on
d.
�������������� ���
JIC
A
•���������������������������� ��
�����������������
�������
!�
�"����#"$ �#
�%�&� &�#� ��!��&�
���$����������'�" �������
CD
M (��
)���
•������)!�)�#
� �!������������!��
•�"����#" �#
�%&�'!�&�����
#� ��!��&����$�����������+���� ��
������
�"$'�,�������
•'�,�� ��"$!-��,����.
- (19,
000 �/ '�)
0
����������-�"
•�����&��)�
“)�+���
” &�) 3
.4.2505
•5��-�-� ���-� ��&�#��
30
)�"$�����
�",
•6���#�'����)�5��)!"$ ��)�7����!", �
-�4. ����
���
������
� �����
��� ���
� ��
� ����
����������
4.1 ���
���
��
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
30
4.2
Pro
ject
Sit
e
Wel
uW
etla
nd
Vis
ito
r ce
nte
rB
ang
kok
250k
mC
han
thab
uri
Pro
ject
Sit
e
4.2
��������
���
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
31
In 1
999
(Lan
dsa
t5
TM
)
In 2
009
(Lan
dsa
t5
TM
)
Mangrove
Mangrove
Sat
ellit
e im
ages
(19
99 a
nd
200
9)
(En
cro
ach
men
t o
f m
ang
rove
is in
pro
gre
ss.)
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
32
A1-63
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
33
Mangrove
Man
gro
ve f
ore
st h
as b
een
des
tro
yin
g b
y d
evel
op
men
t o
f sh
rim
p p
on
ds.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
34
4.3
Co
nse
rvat
ion
Act
ivit
ies
•C
han
tab
uri
pro
vin
ce h
as b
een
try
ing
co
nse
rvat
ion
of
man
gro
ve f
ore
st
•R
oya
l Fo
rest
Dep
artm
ent(
RF
D),
D
epar
tmen
t o
f M
arin
e an
d C
oas
tal
Res
ou
rces(
DM
CR
), a
nd
Ch
anta
bu
rip
rovi
nce
has
bee
n im
ple
men
tin
g
refo
rest
atio
n a
ctiv
itie
s in
sev
eral
yea
rs.
•E
ncr
oac
hm
ent
is s
till
go
ing
.
4.3 ���������������
• ���
��� ��������������� !
����+2"�&
����
• +��"���, +������
�+��
���!��
,�!&
�'� ,�! ���
��� ������ ��
�*�����+� +���+��:�:7"������
�������������"���1����
• +���+�+��$����"�������
���
Nu
rser
yP
lan
tin
g a
t sh
rim
p p
on
d in
Au
gu
st 2
010
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
35
4.4
Pre
par
atio
n o
f A
R-C
DM
PD
D
•P
Ps:
Ch
anta
bu
rip
rovi
nce
, DM
CR
, R
FD
•S
elec
ted
sp
ecie
s: Rhizophora
sp.,
Avicenia
sp. e
tc.
•T
ech
nic
al t
ran
sfer
of
pla
nti
ng
m
eth
od
: D
MC
R, K
UF
F
•R
igh
ts o
f la
nd
: R
FD
•L
and
use
rig
hts
: re
sid
ents
•C
ER
: lC
ER
•P
roje
ct p
erio
d/ c
red
itin
g p
erio
d:
30 y
ears
•M
eth
od
olo
gy:
AR
-AM
S00
03
4.4 ����������������� ������
������ ������
CD
M �������
• �������� ������
: ���������� �!��,
���
��"���� �� #�$�$#%��&� �$# ���
����
• "��)����%���$� �+����$,�
: �����
�$# ��
�����
• ���.�� ��/)�����$������: ���
��"���� �� #�$�$#%��&� �$#�0#
��1��� ����/ ��$����2��1���
• ����� �+�/�
: �������
• / )/���3% �+�/�
: ��#%�%������1��
• 3����������$���5��,���#��
(C
ER
): 3����������$���5��,�
��#���#�#���
(lC
ER
)
• �#�#��$� ������
/�#�#��$�3�����/�
����/�
:30
�
• �$�����
:A
R-A
MS
0003
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
36
So
urc
e: J
IFP
RO
A1-64
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
Ca
rbo
n T
rad
ing
1:
Ba
ck
gro
un
d,
his
tory
an
d
ove
rvie
w o
f c
arb
on
tra
din
g
ma
rke
ts i
n t
he
wo
rld
Ap
ril,
20
10
Dep
uty
Chie
f A
dvis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
KazuhitoYAMADA
2The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Carb
on
Tra
din
g 1
: B
ackgro
und, his
tory
and o
verv
iew
of carb
on tra
din
g
mark
ets
in the w
orld
�W
hat
is ‘Carb
on T
radin
g’?
�W
ho a
re t
he m
ain
pla
yers
?
�Sum
mary
of
Carb
on E
mis
sion T
radin
g in t
he w
orld
�Fro
m m
y p
ers
onal experience
:
�-
Who d
evelo
p C
DM
/JI
pro
ject
s?
�-
How
to e
valu
ate
those
pro
ject
s
�-
How
to c
ontr
act
ER
PA
3The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ob
jecti
ves o
f th
is s
ecti
on
Ob
jecti
ve
s o
f th
is s
ecti
on
are
:
To u
nders
tand h
isto
ry o
f ‘e
mis
sions
tradin
g’,
To c
onfirm
the im
port
ance
and a
ntici
pate
d r
ole
s of
‘carb
on t
radin
g’, a
nd
To c
onsi
der
and d
iscu
ss t
he f
ollo
win
g iss
ues:
-W
hy d
o w
e t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
-W
hen w
ill w
e s
tart
to t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
-W
ho w
ill o
rganiz
e ‘ca
rbon t
radin
g’in
Thaila
nd?
-W
hat
is t
he m
ost
im
port
ant
thin
g for
‘carb
on t
radin
g’in
Thaila
nd?
4The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
De
fin
itio
n o
f ‘e
mis
sio
n t
rad
ing
’
�‘E
mis
sions
tradin
g’is
one o
f th
e e
conom
ic a
ppro
ach
es
to
mitig
ate
environm
enta
l pollu
tants
such
as
SO
2,
�The r
ole
of
this
appro
ach
is
to c
ontr
ol to
tal em
issi
ons
of
environm
enta
l pollu
tants
by t
radin
g ‘em
issi
on c
redit’
betw
een t
he e
ntities
who g
o o
ver
their a
ssig
ned a
mount
of
the p
ollu
tants
and t
he e
ntities
who u
nderr
un t
heir
ass
igned a
mount
of
the p
ollu
tants
.
�In
ord
er
to o
pera
te e
mis
sions
tradin
g s
yst
em
eff
ect
ively
, org
aniz
er
of
the s
yst
em
has
to a
lloca
te ‘em
issi
on c
redit’
to e
ntities
by r
ational w
ay in a
dvance
.
A1-65
5The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
His
tory
of
em
issio
ns t
rad
ing
of
the
po
llu
tan
ts
�W
e h
ave e
xperience
d t
he e
mis
sions
tradin
g o
f air
pollu
tants
befo
re ‘ca
rbon t
radin
g’.
�Canadia
n s
cientist
pro
pose
d ‘tr
adable
or
mark
eta
ble
dis
charg
e p
erm
its’
in 1
968.
�In
genera
l, t
he o
wners
hip
rig
ht
of
‘environm
ent’
is
difficu
lt t
o s
et
beca
use
‘environm
ent’
is c
onsi
dere
d a
s ‘g
lobal co
mm
on’.
�Em
issi
ons
tradin
g s
yst
em
can b
e c
onsi
dere
d t
o t
rade
the ‘right
to u
se’in
ord
er
to m
itig
ate
environm
enta
l pollu
tion.
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
6The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
His
tory
of
em
issio
ns t
rad
ing
: S
O2
Tra
din
g i
n t
he
US
A
�The m
ain
air p
ollu
tants
in t
he U
SA w
ere
SO
2and N
Ox
in
early 1
980s.
�M
ore
than 2
/3 o
f annual em
issi
on o
f SO
2w
ere
fro
m
coal-fire
d o
r oil-
fire
d p
ow
er
pla
nts
.
SO
2co
nce
ntra
tio
n i
n 1
98
9→
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
7The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Go
ve
rnin
gla
w o
f S
O2
tra
din
g
�R
evis
ion o
f th
e C
lean A
ir A
ct in 1
990.
�EPA’s
Aci
d R
ain
Pro
gra
m b
ase
d o
n t
he A
ct in 1
995.
Ma
in c
ha
racte
risti
cs o
f S
O2
tra
din
g
�Part
icip
ants
: Therm
al pow
er
pla
nts
(easy
to m
onitor)
�Purp
ose
: to
mitig
ate
the im
pact
of
aci
d r
ain
�Pre
sent
SO
2tr
adin
g (
2007)
Tota
l valu
e o
f th
e S
O2
allo
wance
mark
et:
5.1
bil.
US$
Avera
ge p
rice:325 U
S $
/t-S
O2, Allo
wable
em
issi
on:
15.8
mil.
t-S
O2
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
8The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
A1-66
9The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Re
su
lt o
f S
O2
tra
din
g:
Mit
iga
tio
n e
ffe
ct
1989
2007
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Re
aso
ns o
f e
ffe
cti
ve
ne
ss o
f S
O2
tra
din
g
�D
irect
rela
tion b
etw
een S
O2
and h
um
an h
ealth d
am
age
�Environm
enta
l im
pact
s of
aci
d r
ain
main
ly induce
d b
y
SO
2
�Ease
to c
ontr
ol em
issi
on s
ourc
es
(pow
er
pla
nts
) beca
use
of
‘poin
t so
urc
es’
We
sh
ou
ld c
on
sid
er t
he
dif
fere
nce
be
tw
ee
n S
O2
an
d C
O2!
Wh
at
is ‘
Em
issio
ns T
rad
ing
’?
11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
o a
re t
he m
ain
pla
yers
of
carb
on
tra
din
g?
�Private
entities
�G
overn
ment/
munic
ipal govern
ments
�Carb
on b
rokers
�Citiz
ens
Who a
re p
art
icip
ants
?
Who a
re o
rganiz
ers
or
contr
olle
rs?
Who w
ill b
e w
inner?
Who w
ill b
e lose
r?
12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
�IC
AP
�EU
-ETS
�R
GG
I
�W
CI
�M
GG
A
�CCX
出典
:環境
省資料
EU
-ET
S (
20
05~
)R
GG
I, W
CI,
MG
GA
, C
CX
ICA
P =
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
of
EU
-ET
S,
RG
GI,
WC
I, a
nd
Au
str
alia
,
NZ
, N
orw
ay,
To
kyo
(o
bs
erv
ers
: J
ap
an
, U
kra
ine
)
A1-67
13
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
EU
-ET
S-1
-
29 P
art
icip
ants
:
Aust
ria, Belg
ium
, Bulg
aria, Cypru
s, C
zech
, D
enm
ark
, Est
onia
, Fin
land, Fra
nce
, G
erm
any, G
reece
, H
ungary
, Ir
ela
nd, It
alia
, Latv
ia, Lie
chte
nst
ein
, Lithuania
, Luxem
bourg
, M
alta, N
eth
erlands,
Norw
ay, Pola
nd,
Port
uguese
, R
om
ania
, Slo
vakia
, Slo
venia
, Spain
, Sw
eden,
UK
Ab
ou
t 8
0%
of
tra
nsa
cti
on
vo
lum
es a
nd
va
lue
s i
n
20
07
-08
wa
s o
ccu
pie
d b
y t
ha
t o
f E
U-E
TS
.
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
14
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
EU
-ET
S-2
-
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
15
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
RG
GI:
Re
gio
na
l G
ree
nh
ou
se
Ga
s I
nit
iati
ve
-1-
�R
GG
I is
a c
oopera
tive e
ffort
by t
en N
ort
heast
and M
id-A
tlantic
state
s to
lim
it g
reenhouse
gas
em
issi
ons.
RG
GI
is t
he f
irst
mandato
ry,
mark
et-
base
d
CO
2em
issi
ons
reduct
ion p
rogra
m in t
he U
SA.
�The s
tate
s of
Connect
icut,
Dela
ware
, M
ain
e, M
ary
land,
Mass
ach
use
tts,
N
ew
Ham
psh
ire,
New
Jers
ey,
New
York
, R
hode I
sland,
and V
erm
ont
are
si
gnato
ry s
tate
s to
the R
GG
I agre
em
ent.
These
ten s
tate
s have c
apped
CO
2em
issi
ons
from
the p
ow
er
sect
or,
and w
ill r
equire a
10 p
erc
ent
reduct
ion in t
hese
em
issi
ons
by 2
018.
�R
GG
I is
com
pose
d o
f in
div
idual CO
2Budget
Tra
din
g P
rogra
ms
in e
ach
of
the t
en p
art
icip
ating s
tate
s. T
hese
ten p
rogra
ms
are
im
ple
mente
dth
rough
state
regula
tions,
base
d o
n a
RG
GI
Model R
ule
, and a
re lin
ked t
hro
ugh C
O2
allo
wance
reci
pro
city
. R
egula
ted p
ow
er
pla
nts
can u
se a
CO
2allo
wance
is
sued b
y a
ny o
f th
e t
en p
art
icip
ating s
tate
s to
dem
onst
rate
com
plia
nce
w
ith t
he s
tate
pro
gra
m g
overn
ing t
heir f
aci
lity. Taken t
ogeth
er,
the t
en
indiv
idual st
ate
pro
gra
ms
funct
ion a
s a s
ingle
regio
nal co
mplia
nce
mark
et
for
carb
on e
mis
sions.
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
16
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
RG
GI:
Re
gio
na
l G
ree
nh
ou
se
Ga
s I
nit
iati
ve
-2-
To r
educe
em
issi
ons
of gre
enhouse
gase
s, t
he R
GG
I part
icip
ating
state
s are
usi
ng a
mark
et-
base
d c
ap-a
nd-t
rade a
ppro
ach
that
incl
udes:
-Est
ablis
hin
g a
multi-st
ate
CO
2em
issi
ons
budget
(cap)
that
will
decr
ease
gra
dually
until it
is 1
0 p
erc
ent
low
er
than a
t th
e s
tart
-R
equirin
g e
lect
ric
pow
er
genera
tor
to h
old
allo
wance
s equal to
their C
O2
em
issi
ons
over
a t
hre
e-y
ear
contr
ol period
-Pro
vid
ing a
mark
et-
base
d e
mis
sions
auct
ion a
nd t
radin
g s
yst
em
where
ele
ctric
pow
er
genera
tors
can b
uy, se
ll and t
rade C
O2
em
issi
ons
allo
wance
s
-U
sing t
he p
roce
eds
of allo
wance
auct
ions
to s
upport
low
-carb
on-inte
nsi
ty s
olu
tions,
in
cludin
g e
nerg
y e
ffic
iency
and c
lean r
enew
able
energ
y, su
ch a
s so
lar
and w
ind p
ow
er
-Em
plo
yin
g o
ffse
ts (
gre
enhouse
gas
em
issi
ons
reduct
ion o
r se
quest
ration p
roje
cts
outs
ide
the e
lect
rici
ty s
ect
or)
to h
elp
com
panie
s m
eet
their c
om
plia
nce
oblig
ations
RG
GI's
phase
d a
ppro
ach
means
that
reduct
ions
in t
he C
O2
cap w
ill
initia
lly b
e m
odest
, pro
vid
ing p
redic
table
mark
et
signals
and r
egula
tory
ce
rtain
ty. Ele
ctrici
ty g
enera
tors
will
be a
ble
to p
lan for
and invest
in
low
er-
carb
on a
ltern
atives
and a
void
dra
matic
ele
ctrici
ty p
rice
im
pact
s.
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
A1-68
17
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
WC
I:W
este
rn C
lim
ate
In
itia
tiv
e
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
The c
ente
rpie
ce o
f th
e W
CI
stra
tegy is
a r
egio
nal ca
p-a
nd-
trade p
rogra
m. T
he W
CI
rele
ase
d t
he d
esi
gn o
f its
pro
gra
m o
n
Septe
mber
23, 2008. W
hen fully
im
ple
mente
d in 2
015, th
is
com
pre
hensi
ve p
rogra
m w
ill c
over
nearly 9
0 p
erc
ent
of th
e
GH
G e
mis
sions
in W
CI
state
s and p
rovin
ces.
Analy
ses
conduct
ed o
n t
he W
CI
desi
gn indic
ate
that
the r
egio
n c
an
mitig
ate
the c
ost
s of re
duct
ion e
mis
sions
and r
ealiz
e a
cost
sa
vin
gs
thro
ugh incr
ease
d e
ffic
ienci
es
and r
educe
d fuel
consu
mption. T
hese
savin
gs
com
e in a
dditio
n t
o t
he b
enefits
fo
r th
e r
egio
n fro
m a
cle
aner
environm
ent
and p
rom
oting t
he
kin
ds
of in
vest
ment
and innovation t
hat
will
spur
gro
wth
in n
ew
gre
en t
ech
nolo
gie
s and b
uild
a s
trong g
reen e
conom
y.
The W
CI
is a
lso w
ork
ing t
ogeth
er
on c
om
ple
menta
ry p
olic
ies
that
support
the c
ap-a
nd-t
rade p
rogra
m, pro
vid
e a
dditio
nal
opport
unitie
s to
addre
ss c
limate
change a
nd a
chie
ve r
ela
ted
co-b
enefits
of in
crease
d e
nerg
y e
ffic
iency
, in
crease
d r
enew
able
energ
y g
enera
tion, im
pro
ved a
ir q
ualit
y a
nd r
educe
d w
ate
r pollu
tion, jo
b g
row
th, and incr
ease
d p
rovin
cial, s
tate
and loca
lre
venue.
18
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
MG
GA:M
idw
est
ern
Gre
enhouse
Gas
Reduct
ion A
ccord
-1-
•N
ine M
idw
est
ern
govern
ors
and t
wo C
anadia
n p
rem
iers
have s
igned o
n t
o
part
icip
ate
or
obse
rve in t
he M
idw
est
ern
Gre
enhouse
Gas
Reduct
ion
Acc
ord
(Acc
ord
), a
s firs
t agre
ed t
o in N
ovem
ber
2007 in M
ilwaukee,
Wis
consi
n.
Realiz
ing t
he u
niq
ue a
nd m
ajo
r im
pact
that
the M
idw
est
ern
st
ate
s pla
y in t
he e
mis
sions
of
carb
on,
these
govern
ors
wante
d t
o inst
itute
M
idw
est
ern
pra
ctic
alit
y in t
he d
ebate
on g
lobal w
arm
ing.
•W
hile
the M
idw
est
has
inte
nsi
ve m
anufa
cturing a
nd a
gricu
lture
sect
ors
, m
akin
g it
the m
ost
coal-dependent
regio
n in N
ort
h A
merica
, it a
lso h
as
world-c
lass
renew
able
energ
y r
eso
urc
es
and o
pport
unitie
s to
allo
w it
to
take a
lead r
ole
in s
olv
ing t
he e
ffect
s of
clim
ate
change.
The g
eogra
phic
lo
cation a
nd ideolo
gic
ally
centr
ist
belie
fs o
f th
e M
idw
est
ern
regio
n p
rovid
e
its
leaders
with a
n a
bili
ty t
o p
ush
the f
edera
l polic
y d
ebate
in
a p
roduct
ive
direct
ion. Thro
ugh t
he A
ccord
, th
ese
govern
ors
agre
ed t
o e
stablis
h a
M
idw
est
ern
gre
enhouse
gas
reduct
ion p
rogra
m t
o r
educe
gre
enhouse
gas
em
issi
ons
in t
heir s
tate
s, a
s w
ell
as
a w
ork
ing g
roup t
o p
rovid
ere
com
mendations
regard
ing t
he im
ple
menta
tion o
f th
e A
ccord
.
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
19
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
MG
GA:M
idw
est
ern
Gre
enhouse
Gas
Reduct
ion A
ccord
-2-
Me
mb
ers
�Io
wa
�Illin
ois
�Kansa
s
�M
anitoba
�M
ichig
an
�M
inneso
ta
�W
isco
nsi
n
Ob
se
rve
rs
�In
dia
na
�O
hio
�O
nta
rio
�South
Dakota
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
20
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
CC
X:C
hic
ag
o C
lim
ate
Ex
ch
an
ge
-1-
�Chic
ago C
limate
Exch
ange (
CCX)
opera
tes
Nort
h A
merica
’s o
nly
cap a
nd t
rade s
yst
em
fo
r all
six g
reenhouse
gase
s, w
ith g
lobal affili
ate
s and p
roje
cts
worldw
ide.
�CCX M
em
bers
are
leaders
in g
reenhouse
gas
(GH
G)
managem
ent
and r
epre
sent
all
sect
ors
of th
e g
lobal eco
nom
y, as
well
as
public
sect
or
innovato
rs. R
educt
ions
ach
ieved t
hro
ugh C
CX a
re t
he o
nly
reduct
ions
made in N
ort
h A
merica
thro
ugh a
legally
bin
din
g c
om
plia
nce
regim
e, pro
vid
ing independent,
third p
art
y v
erifica
tion b
y t
he
Fin
anci
al In
dust
ry R
egula
tory
Auth
ority
(FIN
RA, fo
rmerly N
ASD
). T
he founder
and
chairm
an o
f CCX is
eco
nom
ist
and fin
anci
al in
novato
r D
r. R
ichard
L. Sandor,
who w
as
nam
ed a
Hero
of th
e P
lanet
by T
ime M
agazi
ne in 2
002 for
foundin
gCCX, and in 2
007
as
the "
fath
er
of ca
rbon t
radin
g."
�CCX e
mitting M
em
bers
make a
volu
nta
ry b
ut
legally
bin
din
g c
om
mitm
ent
to m
eet
annual G
HG
em
issi
on r
educt
ion t
arg
ets
. Those
who r
educe
belo
w t
he t
arg
ets
have
surp
lus
allo
wance
s to
sell
or
bank;
those
who e
mit a
bove t
he t
arg
ets
com
ply
by
purc
hasi
ng C
CX C
arb
on F
inanci
al In
stru
ment®
(CFI®
) co
ntr
act
s.
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
A1-69
21
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
CC
X:C
hic
ag
o C
lim
ate
Ex
ch
an
ge
-2-
Go
als
of
CC
X:
�To faci
litate
the t
ransa
ctio
n o
f G
HG
allo
wance
tra
din
g w
ith p
rice
tra
nsp
are
ncy
, desi
gn e
xce
llence
and e
nvironm
enta
l in
tegrity
�To b
uild
the s
kill
s and inst
itutions
needed t
o c
ost
-eff
ect
ively
manage G
HG
s
�To faci
litate
capaci
ty-b
uild
ing in b
oth
public
and p
rivate
sect
ors
to f
aci
litate
GH
G m
itig
ation
�To s
trength
en t
he inte
llect
ual fr
am
ew
ork
required f
or
cost
effect
ive a
nd v
alid
GH
G r
educt
ion
�To h
elp
info
rm t
he p
ublic
debate
on m
anagin
g t
he r
isk o
f glo
bal cl
imate
change
Be
nefi
ts o
f M
em
be
rsh
ip:
�Be p
repare
d:
mitig
ate
fin
anci
al, o
pera
tional and r
eputa
tional risk
s
�Reduce
em
issi
ons
usi
ng t
he h
ighest
com
plia
nce
sta
ndard
s w
ith t
hird p
art
y v
erifica
tion
�Pro
ve c
oncr
ete
act
ion o
n c
limate
change t
o s
hare
hold
ers
, ra
ting a
genci
es,
cust
om
ers
and c
itiz
ens
�Est
ablis
h a
cost
-eff
ect
ive, tu
rnkey e
mis
sions
managem
ent
syst
em
�D
rive p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ents
base
d o
n p
ract
ical, h
ands-
on e
xperience
�G
ain
leaders
hip
reco
gnitio
n f
or
takin
g e
arly, cr
edib
le a
nd b
indin
g a
ctio
n t
o a
ddre
ss c
limate
change
�Est
ablis
h e
arly t
rack
reco
rd in r
educt
ions
and e
xperience
with g
row
ing c
arb
on a
nd G
HG
mark
et
Su
mm
ary
of
Carb
on
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
in
th
e W
orl
d
22
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Fro
m m
y p
ers
on
al e
xp
eri
en
ce
:
Wh
o d
eve
lop
CD
M/J
I p
roje
cts
?
�CD
Mdevelo
pers
�Carb
on f
unds
(govern
ments
and p
rivate
entities)
�Private
com
panie
s in
host
countr
ies
�Private
com
panie
s in
invest
ment
countr
ies
�In
tern
ational/re
gio
nal banks
(WB, AD
B, etc
.)
�G
overn
menta
l org
aniz
ations
in invest
ment
countr
ies
(JIC
A, N
ED
O)
23
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Fro
m m
y p
ers
on
al e
xp
eri
en
ce
:
Ho
w t
o e
va
lua
te t
ho
se
pro
jec
ts?
Fro
m t
he
vie
wp
oin
t o
f C
DM
pro
ject:
�Abili
ty o
f D
NA in h
ost
countr
y
�Feasi
bili
ty o
f CD
M p
roje
ct t
ype
�Applic
abili
ty o
f th
e t
ech
nolo
gy u
sed b
y C
DM
pro
ject
Fro
m t
he
vie
wp
oin
t o
f b
usin
ess d
eve
lop
me
nt:
�Countr
y r
isk o
f host
countr
y
�C/B
of
the p
roje
ct (
w o
r w
/o C
ER
)
�Sta
bili
ty o
f busi
ness
its
elf
24
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Fro
m m
y p
ers
on
al e
xp
eri
en
ce
:
Ho
w t
o c
on
tra
ct
ER
PA
?
Wh
at
is t
he
ER
PA
?ERPA =
Em
issi
on R
educt
ion P
urc
hase
Agre
em
ent
�ERPA t
ype 1:
Agre
em
ent
betw
een I
nvest
or
in invest
ment
countr
y a
nd P
roje
ct
part
icip
ant
in h
ost
countr
y
�ERPA t
ype 2:
Agre
em
ent
betw
een P
roje
ct p
art
icip
ant
in invest
ment
countr
y a
nd
Pro
ject
part
icip
ant
in h
ost
countr
y
→Fin
ally
, th
e m
ost
im
port
ant
issu
e is:
‘Wh
o w
ill
tak
e t
he
ris
k o
f C
DM
pro
jects
?’
A1-70
25
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Co
nfi
rma
tio
n o
f th
e im
po
rta
nc
e a
nd
an
tic
ipa
ted
ro
les
of
‘ca
rbo
n t
rad
ing
’
�Carb
on t
radin
g m
ay b
e e
ffect
ive G
HG
mitig
ation
measu
res
if a
ll G
HG
em
itte
rs in t
he w
orld c
an b
e
part
icip
ate
d.
�‘C
ap a
nd t
rade’is
the f
undam
enta
l appro
ach
of
carb
on
tradin
g.
�‘C
ost
-eff
ect
iveness
’w
ill b
e t
he m
ost
im
port
ant
poin
t fr
om
the e
xperience
of SO
2tr
adin
g.
�But,
carb
on t
radin
g is
not
vers
atile
, one a
nd o
nly
syst
em
to
mitig
ate
GH
G e
mis
sions
in t
he w
orld.
�W
e s
hould
consi
der
appro
priate
inst
itutional desi
gn o
f ca
rbon t
radin
g in o
rder
to h
ave n
o p
art
icula
r bit o
f ‘lo
sers
’and ‘w
inners
’by it.
26
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dis
cu
ss
ion
po
ints
of
‘ca
rbo
n t
rad
ing
’
�W
hy d
o w
e t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
�W
hen w
ill w
e s
tart
to t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
�W
ho w
ill o
rganiz
e ‘ca
rbon t
radin
g’in
Thaila
nd?
�W
hat
is t
he m
ost
im
port
ant
thin
g f
or
‘carb
on t
radin
g’in
Thaila
nd?
A1-71
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
Ca
rbo
n T
rad
ing
2:
Ove
rvie
w o
f E
U-E
TS
an
d
To
kyo
Ca
p-a
nd
-Tra
de
27
, A
pri
l, 2
010
Dep
uty
Chie
f A
dvis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
KazuhitoYAMADA
2The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ob
jecti
ves o
f p
resen
tati
on
Ob
jecti
ve
s o
f th
is p
rese
nta
tio
n a
re:
To u
nders
tand h
isto
ry a
nd s
ucc
ess
of
‘EU
-ETS’,
To u
nders
tand t
he p
lan o
f ‘T
okyo C
ap-a
nd-T
rade’, a
nd
To d
iscu
ss:
-W
hy d
o w
e t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
-W
hen w
ill w
e s
tart
to t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
-W
ho w
ill o
rganiz
e ‘ca
rbon t
radin
g’in
Thaila
nd?
-W
hat
is t
he m
ost
im
port
ant
thin
g for
‘carb
on t
radin
g’in
Thaila
nd?
3The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ca
rbo
n T
rad
ing
2:
Ove
rvie
w o
f E
U-E
TS
�H
as
EU
-ETS s
ucc
eeded?
�D
o y
ou k
now
the h
isto
ry o
f EU
-ETS?
�W
hat
is t
he d
esi
gn o
f EU
-ETS?
�W
ho a
re t
he t
arg
ete
d e
ntities
of
EU
-ETS?
�H
ow
to a
lloca
te ‘allo
wance
’of
EU
-ETS?
�W
here
are
main
exch
anges
of
EU
-ETS?
�Im
port
ant
chara
cterist
ics
of
EU
-ETS (
1)
GH
G e
mis
sions
�Im
port
ant
chara
cterist
ics
of
EU
-ETS (
2)
Challe
ngin
g
Phase
III
�D
iscu
ssio
n
4The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Has E
U-E
TS
su
cceed
ed
?
Ye
s,
EU
-ET
S h
as s
ucce
ed
ed
:
�Every
one k
now
s th
at
EU
-ETS is
the f
irst
syst
em
in t
he
world t
o t
rade c
arb
on f
or
the m
itig
ation o
f cl
imate
ch
ange,
�EU
-ETS h
as
been p
layin
g a
role
of
trig
ger
for
oth
er
develo
ped c
ountr
ies
such
as
USA a
nd J
apan t
o f
aci
litate
develo
pin
g ‘dom
est
ic c
arb
on c
ap-a
nd-t
rade s
chem
e’,
and
�EU
-ETS h
as
found p
roble
ms
to b
e s
olv
ed b
y ‘le
arn
ing b
y
doin
g’.
A1-72
5The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Do
yo
u k
no
w t
he h
isto
ry o
f E
U-E
TS
?
EU
RO
/t-C
O2
05 v
inta
ge 0
6 v
inta
ge
08 v
inta
ge
09 v
inta
ge
07 v
inta
ge
Fir
st
Ph
ase (
2005 -
2007)
Seco
nd
Ph
ase (
2008 -
2012) Th
ird
Ph
ase
will b
e f
rom
2013 t
o 2
020.
6The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he d
esig
n o
f E
U-E
TS
?
QU
EL
RO
s o
f K
P (
EU
: -8
%)
EU
Bu
rden
Sh
ari
ng
Ag
reem
en
t (1
998)
Germ
an
y:
-21%
, U
K:
-12.5
%, N
eth
erl
an
ds:
-6%
EU
-ET
S P
hase 2
(2008 -
2012)
Euro
pean C
om
mis
sio
n (
EC
) dra
ws u
p a
set
of com
mon r
ule
s f
or
allo
cation.
Me
mber
countr
ies m
akes
their
National A
llocation P
lan (
NA
P)
accord
ing t
o t
he r
ule
s,
and
allo
cate
s e
mis
sio
ns q
uota
s to t
arg
ete
d
facili
tie
s.
EC
Mem
ber
co
un
trie
s
dra
w u
p a
set
of
co
mm
on
ru
les f
or
allo
cati
on
make t
heir
NA
Ps
evalu
ate
an
d d
ecid
e t
he N
AP
sallo
cate
em
issio
ns q
uo
tas
to t
arg
ete
d f
ac
ilit
ies
7The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ph
ase
I (
20
05
-20
07
): +
8.3
% (
20
05
)
�Pow
er
sect
or,
and I
ndust
rial se
ctor
(about
11,5
00 f
aci
lities)
�Penalty:
40 E
URO
/t-C
O2
Ph
ase
II
(20
08
-20
12
): -
5.6
% (
20
05
)
�Pow
er
sect
or,
and I
ndust
rial se
ctor
�Penalty:
100 E
URO
/t-C
O2
Ph
ase
III
(2
01
3-2
02
0):
-2
1%
(2
00
5)
�Pow
er
sect
or,
and I
ndust
rial se
ctor
(incl
ude a
lum
inum
, am
monia
),Avia
tion
�Penalty:
Index t
o C
onsu
mer
Price
(dynam
ic p
rici
ng)
Wh
o a
re t
he
ta
rge
ted
en
titi
es
of
EU
-ET
S?
8The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
�Targ
ete
d f
aci
litie
s of
EU
-ETS (
Phase
II)
are
pla
nts
for
pro
duct
ion o
f pow
er
sect
or
and indust
rial se
ctor.
�Targ
ets
of
indust
rial se
ctor
are
set
by m
odera
te p
olic
y,
consi
dering t
heir c
om
petitive p
ow
er
in t
he inte
rnational
mark
et,
and lim
ited d
ata
availa
bili
ty o
f past
act
ivitie
s of
targ
ete
d f
aci
litie
s,
�O
n t
he o
ther
hand, ta
rgets
of
pow
er
sect
or
are
set
by
strict
rule
beca
use
cost
incr
ease
s by t
he a
lloca
tion is
easy
to s
hift
to c
onsu
mers
by p
ow
er
com
panie
s.
�Basi
c co
nce
pt
of
the a
lloca
tion t
o t
arg
ete
d f
aci
litie
s
‘em
issi
ons
in b
ase
year’
* ‘allo
cation f
act
or’
Ho
w t
o a
llo
ca
te ‘a
llo
wa
nc
e’o
f E
U-E
TS
?
A1-73
9The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
�ECX:
EU
A/C
ER
(main
ly f
utu
res
deal)
�Blu
enext:
EU
A
(main
ly s
pot
deal)
Wh
ere
are
ma
in e
xc
ha
ng
es
of
EU
-ET
S?
Sweden
Iceland
Finland
Russia
Ukraine
Poland
Belaru
s
Germ
any
France
UK
Denmark
Romania
Bulgaria
Estonia
Latvia
Norw
ay
Neth
erl
an
ds
Belg
ium
Lu
xe
mb
urg
Lic
hte
nste
in
Sw
iss
Czech
Austria
Slovakia
Hungary
Mo
ldo
va
Slo
ven
ia Cro
ati
a
Serb
ia
Bo
sn
ia
Herz
eg
ov
ina
Mo
nte
neg
roA
nd
orr
aM
on
aco
San
Mari
no
Italia
Nord
Pool
Norw
ay (
Oslo
)
Blu
eN
ext
Fra
nce (
Paris)
EC
X
UK
(London)
EE
XG
erm
any (
Leip
zig
)
10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Imp
ort
an
t c
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
of
EU
-ET
S (
1)
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
EU
29
14.9
%
Others
19.2
%
India
5.2
%Russia
5.5
%
Thail
and
0.9
%
Me
xic
o
1.5
%
S.
Afr
ica
1.4
%
Kore
a, R
.
1.6
%
Can
ad
a
1.9
%
Iran
1.6
%
Japan
4.4
%
Chin
a
21.1
%
Unit
ed S
ta
tes
20.7
%
Italy
10.8
%
Fra
nce
10.5
%
Spain
8.7
%
Oth
ers
20.8
%
UK
12.6
%
Germ
any
18.8
%
Pola
nd
7.8
%
Czec
h R
ep.
3.0
%
Neth
erl
and
s
4.1
%
Ro
man
ia
3.0
%
EU
-ET
S (
29)
GH
G (
2007)
Wo
rld
(212)
CO
2(2
006)
11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Imp
ort
an
t c
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
of
EU
-ET
S (
2)
Ch
alle
ng
ing
Ph
as
e III
�Phase
III
targ
et
is c
halle
ngin
g:
-21%
1,7
20
20
20
1,7
56
20
19
1,7
92
20
18
1,8
29
20
17
1,8
65
20
16
1,9
01
20
15
1,9
37
20
14
1,9
74
20
13
Ca
p i
n t
ota
l
(mil
lio
n t
-CO
2)
ye
ar
12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dis
cu
ss
ion
�H
as
EU
-ETS s
ucc
eeded?
�W
hat
is t
he r
easo
n o
f su
ccess
?
�W
hy a
nd h
ow
do w
e t
rade c
arb
on in T
haila
nd?
A1-74
13
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ca
rbo
n T
rad
ing
2:
Ove
rvie
w o
f T
ok
yo
Ca
p-a
nd
-Tra
de
(T
-CA
T)
�W
hat
is t
he b
ack
gro
und o
f T-C
AT?
�W
hat
is t
he d
esi
gn o
f T-C
AT?
(1)
�W
hat
is t
he d
esi
gn o
f T-C
AT?
(2)
�W
ho a
re t
he t
arg
ete
d e
ntities
of
T-C
AT?
�H
ow
to a
lloca
te ‘allo
wance
’of
T-C
AT?
�D
iscu
ssio
n
14
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he
ba
ck
gro
un
d o
f T
-CA
T?
To
kyo
:
�Popula
tion:
13 m
illio
n, G
DP (
2006):
815 b
illio
n U
S$
�R
apid
incr
ease
of
CO
2em
issi
on f
rom
Com
merc
ial se
ctor
+2.8%
55.9
58.8
54.4
Total
-0.5%
1.0
1.2
1.0
Others
-1.1%
14.7
17.6
14.8
Transport
+11.0%
14.4
14.3
13.0
Household
+31.1%
20.6
18.9
15.7
Commercial
-47.0%
5.2
6.8
9.8
Industry
2006/1990
2006
(Mt-CO
2)
2000
(Mt-CO
2)
1990
(Mt-CO
2)
15
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he d
esig
n o
f T
-CA
T?
(1)
�Targ
et
Gas:
energ
y-r
ela
ted C
O2
�Cap c
overa
ge:1,4
00 inst
alla
tions(
incl
udin
g 1
,100
busi
ness
faci
litie
s and 3
00 indust
rial fa
cilit
ies)
�Targ
ete
d f
aci
litie
s: c
onsu
mption o
f fu
els
, heat
and
ele
ctrici
ty is
>1,5
00 k
l/year
(cru
de o
il equiv
ale
nt)
�Com
plia
nce
period:
5 y
ears
(Sta
rt:
1stApril 2010)
1st : 2
010 t
o 2
014, 2nd:
2015 t
o 2
019
�Allo
wance
allo
cation:
Base
year
em
issi
on* ×
Com
plia
nce
fact
or ×
Com
plia
nce
period (
5 y
ears
)
*Base
year
em
issi
on:
Avera
ge e
mis
sion o
f past
3 y
ears
16
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he d
esig
n o
f T
-CA
T?
(2)
�Com
plia
nce
fact
or:
1stCom
plia
nce
Period:
6%
or
8%
* 6
% f
or
fact
ories
(and b
uild
ings
rece
ivin
g e
nerg
y f
rom
dis
tric
theating a
nd
coolin
g p
lants
)
* 8
% f
or
rest
of
the b
uild
ings
2nd
Com
plia
nce
Period:
17%
(pla
nned)
�M
onitoring a
nd R
eport
ing:
every
year
�Penalty:
Non-c
om
plia
nce
is
required t
o r
educe
1.3
tim
es
in t
he
next
period
A1-75
17
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ho
w t
o a
llo
ca
te ‘a
llo
wa
nc
e’o
f T
-CA
T?
Ex
am
ple
:
�Base
year
em
issi
on:
10,0
00 t
-CO
2/y
, -8
% r
educt
ion
18
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dis
cu
ss
ion
�Can y
ou e
stablis
he
‘Bangkok C
ap-a
nd-T
rade (
B-C
AT)’?
�W
ho a
re t
arg
ete
d e
ntities
in B
-CAT?
�W
ho a
re s
upport
ers
and d
etr
act
ors
about
B-C
AT?
A1-76
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
UN
FC
CC
Str
uc
ture
an
d N
eg
oti
ati
on
s 4
:O
ve
rvie
w o
f in
tern
ati
on
al
ne
go
tia
tio
ns b
y E
U
an
d t
he
US
A o
ve
r p
os
t-2
01
2 m
ec
ha
nis
ms
and
Ca
rbo
n T
rad
ing
4:
Ove
rvie
w o
f e
mis
sio
n t
rad
ing
sys
tem
s i
n t
he
U
SA
an
d f
utu
re i
nte
rna
tio
na
l tr
ad
ing
sys
tem
in
p
ost
2010
22
nd
Ju
ne,
20
10
Dep
uty
Ch
ief
Ad
vis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
Ka
zu
hit
oY
AM
AD
A
Marik
oF
UJIM
OR
I
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
2
•Im
po
rtan
t ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f E
U-E
TS
-G
HG
em
issi
ons
•E
U:
Maj
or
inst
itu
tio
ns
to r
educe
nat
ion
al G
HG
em
issi
on
•E
U:
Pro
po
sal/
stan
ce f
or
po
st 2
012
•U
SA
: M
ajo
r in
stit
uti
on
s to
red
uce
nat
ion
al G
HG
em
issi
on
•U
SA
is
consi
der
ing
bil
ater
al c
arbon
cre
dit
ing
syst
em...
•C
arbon
cre
dit
un
til
20
20
-bu
yer
s an
d s
elle
rs
•C
arbon
cre
dit
un
til
20
20
-N
O.1
bu
yer
an
d N
O.1
sel
ler
•B
ord
er M
easu
res
•D
iscu
ssio
n
Conte
nts
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
3
Imp
ort
an
t c
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
of
EU
-ET
S
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
Italy
10.8
%
Fra
nce
10.5
%
Spain
8.7
%
Oth
ers
20.8
%
UK
12.6
%
Germ
any
18.8
%
Pola
nd
7.8
%
Czec
h R
ep.
3.0
%
Neth
erl
and
s
4.1
%
Ro
man
ia
3.0
%
EU
-ET
S (
29
) G
HG
(2
00
7)
EU
29
14.9
%
Others
19.2
%
India
5.2
%Russia
5.5
%
Thail
and
0.9
%
Me
xic
o
1.5
%
S.
Afr
ica
1.4
%
Kore
a, R
.
1.6
%
Can
ad
a
1.9
%
Iran
1.6
%
Japan
4.4
%
Chin
a
21.1
%
Unit
ed S
ta
tes
20.7
%
Wo
rld
(212)
CO
2(2
006)
Re
min
d, p
lea
se
.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
4
Em
issi
on
red
uct
ion
tar
get
•-2
0 –
-30
% u
nti
l 2
02
0 c
om
par
ed t
o 1
99
0
Ex
amp
les
of
maj
or
inst
itu
tio
ns/
acti
vit
ies
to r
edu
ce G
HG
(l
egis
lati
ve
reso
luti
on);
•E
U-E
TS
,
•P
rom
oti
on
of
ren
ewab
le e
ner
gy u
tili
zati
on
,
•S
har
ed e
ffo
rt b
y c
om
mu
nit
ies,
•P
rom
oti
on
of
ener
gy e
ffic
ien
cy,
•D
evel
op
men
t o
f C
CS
(ca
rbo
n c
aptu
re a
nd
sto
rage)
,
•E
mis
sio
n r
edu
ctio
n i
n t
ran
spo
rt s
ecto
r (i
mp
rov
emen
t o
f p
asse
nger
cars
eff
icie
ncy,
and
fu
el q
ual
ity),
an
d
•U
tili
zati
on
of
inte
rnat
ional
car
bo
n c
red
it
EU
: M
ajo
r in
stitu
tions t
o r
educe
national G
HG
em
issio
n
A1-77
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
5
NA
MA
(N
atio
nal
ly A
pp
ropri
ate
Mit
igat
ion
Act
ions)
:
•S
up
po
rt N
AM
A a
s a
mec
han
ism
to p
rom
ote
vo
lunta
ry e
mis
sio
n
red
uct
ion
by d
evel
op
ing c
ou
ntr
ies
SC
M (
Sec
tor
Cre
dit
ing M
echan
ism
):
•P
rop
ose
in
troduct
ion o
f S
CM
•S
CM
by N
o-l
ose
tar
get
, u
tili
zati
on o
f cr
edit
fro
m S
CM
fo
r th
e em
issi
on
red
uct
ion t
arget
of
dev
eloped
(A
nn
ex 1
) co
un
trie
s
EU
: P
roposal/sta
nce f
or
post
2012
De
tail
s o
f N
AM
A/S
CM
wil
l b
e i
ntr
od
uc
ed
nex
t w
ee
k.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
6
Em
issi
on
red
uct
ion
tar
get
•-1
7 %
un
til
20
20
co
mp
ared
to
20
05
Sta
te-o
f-th
e-un
ion
spee
ch b
y P
resi
den
t O
bam
a (J
an. 20
10
)
•C
reat
e m
ore
cle
an e
ner
gy j
ob
s, m
ore
pro
du
ctio
n,
mo
re e
ffic
ien
cy,
mo
re i
nce
nti
ves
.
•P
assi
ng a
co
mp
reh
ensi
ve
ener
gy a
nd
cli
mat
e b
ill
wit
h i
nce
nti
ves
th
at w
ill
fin
ally
mak
e cl
ean
en
erg
y t
he
pro
fita
ble
kin
d o
f en
erg
y
in A
mer
ica.
US
A:
Majo
r in
stitu
tions t
o r
educe
national G
HG
em
issio
n
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
7
US
A:
Pro
cess t
o p
ass a
bill
(in c
ase o
f re
cent
clim
ate
rela
ted b
ills)
Sen
ate
-E
nvir
on
me
nt a
nd
Pu
blic
Work
s C
om
mitte
e
-F
ull
Se
na
te
Ho
use
of
Re
pre
se
nta
tive
s
-E
ne
rgy a
nd
Co
mm
erc
e
Com
mitte
e
-F
ull
Ho
use
Jo
int
co
mm
itte
e
Fu
ll S
en
ate
Fu
ll H
ou
se
Pre
sid
en
t's s
igna
ture
ap
pro
va
la
pp
rov
al
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
8
US
-EP
A:
Cle
an A
ir A
ct
•U
S C
ongre
ss h
as d
ecid
ed t
o o
bli
ge
GH
G e
mit
ter
(ab
ov
e a
cert
ain
le
vel
) to
rep
ort
th
eir
emis
sio
n a
mo
un
t,
•T
he
new
ru
le i
s en
forc
ed f
rom
29
th D
ecem
ber
20
09
•E
mis
sio
n a
mo
unt
fro
m 1
st J
anu
ary 2
01
0 h
ave
to b
e re
po
rted
un
til
31
st M
arch
20
11
,
•C
ov
ered
en
titi
es:
Em
it 2
5,0
00
t C
O2/y
ear
and
ab
ov
e
•C
ov
ered
GH
Gs:
Kyo
to 6
gas
es a
nd
flu
ori
des
US
A:
Majo
r in
stitu
tions t
o r
educe
national G
HG
em
issio
n
A1-78
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
9
Am
eric
an P
ow
er A
ct (
Ker
ry-L
ieb
erm
an)
•A
chie
ve
nat
ion
al p
oll
uti
on
red
uct
ion
tar
get
,
•R
efu
nd
s th
e m
oney
rai
sed r
ight
bac
k t
o A
mer
ican
co
nsu
mer
s an
d
bu
sin
esse
s,
•N
ot
a p
lan
that
enri
ches
Wal
l S
tree
t sp
ecu
lato
rs,
no
reto
pro
w t
he
go
ver
nm
ent.
•C
ap-a
nd
-tra
de
sch
eme:
–P
ow
er a
nd
ind
ust
rial
sec
tors
: em
issi
on f
rom
fix
ed s
ourc
es o
f 2
5,0
00
tC
O2
and
ab
ove,
–H
ouse
hold
and t
ransp
ort
sec
tors
: em
issi
on f
rom
ref
ined
fuel
uti
liza
tion a
nd
nat
ura
l gas
,
–C
over
s m
ore
than
85 %
of
tota
l em
issi
on o
f th
e U
SA
,
–T
he
schem
e w
ill
ente
r in
to f
orc
e fr
om
20
13
, w
ith 3
yea
rs d
elay
fo
r ho
use
ho
ld a
nd
tra
nsp
ort
sec
tors
.
US
A:
Majo
r in
stitu
tions t
o r
educe
national G
HG
em
issio
n
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
10
Am
eric
an P
ow
er A
ct (
Ker
ry-L
ieb
erm
an)
•C
on
tro
l o
f cr
edit
pri
ce–
Up
per
lim
it:
fixed
pri
ce o
f 2
5 $
/tC
O2
in 2
01
3,
and
the
pri
ce w
ill
incr
ease
at
+5 %
per
annum
,
–L
ow
er l
imit
: se
t th
e fl
oor
pri
ce f
or
the
auct
ion.
•O
ffse
t cr
edit
pro
gra
m f
or
do
mes
tic/
inte
rnat
ion
al e
mis
sio
n
red
uct
ion
–A
llo
wed
2 b
illi
on p
er y
ear,
–7
5 %
fo
r do
mes
tic
cred
it a
nd
25
% f
or
inte
rnat
ional
cre
dit
, an
d i
f th
e d
om
esti
c cr
edit
co
mes
sho
rt,
inte
rnat
ional
cre
dit
can
be
use
d u
pto
50
%.
–In
tern
atio
nal
cre
dit
incl
udes
sec
tor
cred
it,
cred
it i
ssued
by i
nte
rnat
ional
org
aniz
atio
ns,
and R
ED
D.
US
A:
Majo
r in
stitu
tions t
o r
educe
national G
HG
em
issio
n
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
11
�B
ila
tera
l/m
ult
ila
tera
l S
ecto
ral
cred
itin
g s
yst
em
:
Tar
get
s:D
evel
opin
g c
ountr
ies
wh
o a
gre
e to
th
e sy
stem
-n
ot
each
co
mp
any/f
acto
ry b
ut
spec
ifie
d s
ecto
r
-co
mpet
itiv
e se
ctors
wit
h U
SA
’s i
nd
ust
ries
MR
V:
Tar
get
ed D
C h
as t
o d
evel
op M
RV
cap
acit
y
UN
FC
CC
cred
itin
g s
yst
em
can
su
rviv
e if
EP
A a
dm
inis
tra
tor
co
nfi
rms
thei
r p
oss
ibil
ity t
o u
se t
he
syst
em
.
Ja
pa
n i
s a
lso c
on
sid
erin
g b
ilate
ral
carb
on
cre
dit
ing
sy
stem
.
USA is
consi
dering b
ilate
ral ca
rbon
creditin
g s
yst
em
...
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
12
Carb
on c
redit u
ntil 2020
buyers
and s
elle
rs
EU
29
14.9
%
Others
19.2
%
India
5.2
%Russia
5.5
%
Thail
and
0.9
%
Me
xic
o
1.5
%
S.
Afr
ica
1.4
%
Kore
a, R
.
1.6
%
Can
ad
a
1.9
%
Iran
1.6
%
Japan
4.4
%
Chin
a
21.1
%
Unit
ed S
ta
tes
20.7
%
Wo
rld
(212)
CO
2(2
006)
selle
r
bu
ye
r
bu
ye
r
bu
ye
r selle
r
selle
r
bu
ye
r
buyer?
bu
ye
r
A1-79
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
13
Carb
on c
redit u
ntil 2020
NO
.1 b
uyer
and N
O.1
selle
r
CO
2 E
mis
sio
ns o
f U
SA
, C
hin
a a
nd T
hailand: 1971-2007
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000 1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
year
CO2 Emissions (million tonnes of CO2)
US
A
Ch
ina
Th
ail
an
d
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
14
Carb
on c
redit u
ntil 2020
NO
.1 b
uyer
and N
O.1
selle
r
0
200,0
00
400,0
00
600,0
00
800,0
00
1,0
00,0
00
1,2
00,0
00
1,4
00,0
00
1,6
00,0
00
02,0
00
4,0
00
6,0
00
8,0
00
10,0
00
12,0
00
14,0
00
16,0
00
18,0
00
GD
P (
billion U
S$)
Population (1000)
Ch
ina
US
A
Th
ail
an
d
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
15
•C
lim
ate
chan
ge
and
in
tern
atio
nal
tra
de
Bord
er
Measu
res
-im
pact
to o
ther
field
fr
om
clim
ate
change w
orld
CO
2CO
2 CO
2
CO
2
CO2
Kyoto
Pro
tocol
Export
…
An
ne
x 1
Pa
rti
es
No
n-A
nn
ex
1 P
arti
es
No o
blig
ation
Tax
buyers
selle
rs
carb
on c
redits
Re
min
d, p
lea
se
.
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
16
•H
ow
does
Thai
land
ad
dre
ss f
utu
re i
nte
rnat
ional
tra
din
g
syst
em?
•W
hat
kin
d o
f G
HG
em
issi
on
red
uct
ion
pro
ject
s sh
ould
b
e d
evel
oped
in
Th
aila
nd?
•W
ho
are
mai
n p
artn
ers
to d
evel
op
the
pro
ject
s an
d t
o
sell
car
bo
n c
redit
s fr
om
th
em?
-U
SA
-E
U
-Ja
pan
-C
anad
a et
c.
Dis
cuss
ion
A1-80
Th
e P
roje
ct f
or
Ca
pa
city
Dev
elo
pm
en
t a
nd
Inst
itu
tion
al
Str
ength
enin
g f
or
GH
G M
itig
ati
on
in t
he
Kin
gd
om
of
Th
ail
an
d
Ca
rbo
n T
rad
ing
4:
Overv
iew
of
Vo
lun
tary
Em
issio
n T
rad
ing
Syste
m i
n J
ap
an
-J-V
ER
29
Ju
ne, 20
10
Dep
uty
Chie
f A
dvis
or
of
JIC
A E
xp
ert
Tea
m
KazuhitoYAMADA
2The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ob
jecti
ves o
f th
is s
ecti
on
Ob
jecti
ve
s o
f th
is s
ecti
on
are
:
To u
nders
tand b
asi
c co
nce
pt
and late
st s
ituation o
f one
of
the J
apanese
Min
istr
y o
f Environm
ent’s
carb
on
off
sett
ing a
ctiv
itie
s ca
lled ‘J-
VER
’,
To d
iscu
ss:
What
are
the p
oss
ible
‘T-V
ER
’pro
ject
candid
ate
s in
Thaila
nd?
3The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Carb
on
Tra
din
g 3
: J-V
ER
�W
hat
is t
he ‘Carb
on o
ffse
ttin
g’?
�W
hat
is t
he ‘J-
VER
’?
�Str
uct
ure
of
the J
-VER
�O
rganiz
ation o
f th
e J
-VER
�R
ela
ted b
ody o
f th
e J
-VER
�G
uid
elin
es
of
the J
-VER
�Posi
tive lis
ts o
f J-
VER
�Applic
ation -
Cert
ific
ation -
Issu
ance
of
the J
-VER
�Pro
ject
exam
ple
s
�D
iscu
ssio
n
4The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he
‘C
arb
on
off
se
ttin
g’?
(1
)
Ca
rbo
n o
ffse
ttin
g i
s d
efi
ne
d a
s:
(1)
firs
t know
ing y
our
GH
G e
mis
sions,
(2)
then m
akin
g e
ffort
s to
reduce
th
e e
mis
sions,
(3)
offse
ttin
g u
navoid
able
em
issi
ons
by p
urc
hasi
ng G
HG
re
duct
ion c
redits
or
undert
akin
g r
educt
ion a
ctiv
itie
s.
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
A1-81
5The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he
‘C
arb
on
off
se
ttin
g’?
(2
)
Th
e b
en
efi
t o
f ca
rbo
n o
ffse
ttin
g i
nclu
de
s:
1.
Pro
motion o
f pro
act
ive G
HG
reduct
ion a
ctiv
itie
s by
com
panie
s and c
itiz
ens;
2.
Shifting t
he c
orp
ora
te a
ctiv
itie
s and lifest
yle
s to
ward
s lo
w-c
arb
on s
oci
ety
by v
isualiz
ing t
he c
ost
of
GH
G
em
issi
on;
3.
Pro
vid
ing f
unds
to G
HG
reduct
ion/r
em
oval act
ivitie
s both
dom
est
ically
and a
bro
ad.
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
6The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Exam
ple
s of Carb
on o
ffse
ttin
g:
As
of th
e e
nd o
f D
ece
mber
2009, th
ere
were
over
750 o
ffse
ttin
g p
roduct
s &
serv
ices,
events
or
oth
er
initia
tives
in t
he c
arb
on o
ffse
ttin
g b
usi
ness
in J
apan (
acc
ord
ing t
o t
he p
ress
).
Wh
at
is t
he
‘C
arb
on
off
se
ttin
g’?
(3
)
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
7The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he ‘J-V
ER
’? (
1)
There
is
a n
eed f
or
an o
ffic
ial
ve
rifi
ca
tio
n s
ch
em
eto
ensu
re t
hat
credits
use
d f
or
carb
on o
ffse
t fu
lfill
requirem
ents
. These
requirem
ents
would
ensu
re, fo
r exam
ple
,
that
em
issi
ons
are
act
ually
reduce
d/r
em
oved a
nd t
hat
the s
am
e e
mis
sions
reduct
ion/r
em
oval act
ivitie
s are
not
double
-counte
d.
“The g
uid
elin
e f
or
carb
on o
ffse
t”
In N
ovem
ber
2008,
MO
EJ
set
up t
he O
ffse
t C
red
it (
J-V
ER
) S
ch
em
e, a v
erifica
tion
schem
e fo
r cr
edits
genera
ted t
hro
ugh t
he r
educt
ion/r
em
oval by s
ink o
f gre
enhouse
gase
s ca
rrie
d o
ut
via
dom
est
ic p
roje
cts.
�H
ow
ever,
no
su
ch
off
icia
l V
ER
sch
em
e e
xis
ted
in
Ja
pa
n.
�In
resp
onse
, M
OEJ
set
up a
revie
w c
om
mis
sion in M
arc
h 2
008 t
o look into
VER
(Verified E
mis
sion R
educt
ion)
cert
ific
ation s
tandard
s.
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
8The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Wh
at
is t
he ‘J-V
ER
’? (
2)
�J-V
ER
Sch
em
e is a
ve
rifi
ca
tio
n s
ch
em
efo
r cre
dits g
en
era
ted
thro
ug
h th
e r
ed
uctio
n/r
em
ova
l b
y s
inks o
f G
HG
sca
rrie
d o
ut via
do
me
stic p
roje
cts
.
�B
y u
tiliz
ing
th
e J
-VE
R s
ch
em
e, in
div
idu
als
, b
usin
esse
s, m
un
icip
al
go
ve
rnm
en
ts a
nd
oth
ers
ca
n r
etu
rn f
un
ds f
or
ca
rbo
n o
ffse
ttin
g (
fun
ds
for
pu
rch
asin
g J
-VE
R)
to d
om
estic p
roje
ct p
lan
ne
rs in
fo
rest
ma
na
gem
en
t o
r lo
ca
l in
du
str
ies.
�J-V
ER
is a
ne
w m
ech
an
ism
to
pro
mo
te th
e d
om
estic G
re
en
Ne
w
Deal
pro
gra
mth
rou
gh
a g
lob
al w
arm
ing
pre
ve
ntio
n c
am
pa
ign
,
exp
an
sio
n o
f jo
b o
pp
ort
un
itie
s, a
nd
eco
no
mic
me
asu
res b
y u
sin
g
pri
va
te-s
ecto
r ca
pita
l.
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
A1-82
9The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Str
uctu
re o
f th
e J
-VE
R
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
10
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Org
an
izati
on
of
the J
-VE
R
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
*J-V
ER
EB
(Est
ablis
hed b
y M
OEJ)
Adoption a
nd r
evis
e r
ule
s of
schem
e
Cert
ific
ation o
f G
HS e
mis
sions
reduct
ion/r
em
oval by s
ink a
nd iss
uance
of
J-VER e
tc.
Project participants
Ce
rtif
icati
on
Ce
nte
r o
n C
lim
ate
C
han
ge,
Jap
an
(c/o
O
ECC)
・Secr
eta
riat
of
this
sch
em
e
(Entr
ust
ed b
y
MO
EJ)
etc
.
Applic
ation
Ca
rbo
n O
ffse
t C
red
it (
JC
arb
on
Off
se
t C
red
it (
J-- V
ER
) sch
em
eV
ER
) sch
em
e
Th
ird
pa
rty
Ind
ep
en
de
nt
Co
mm
itte
e
・M
onitoring J
-VER S
chem
e
etc
.
Opin
ion
Cert
ific
ation
10
* O
ffse
t cr
edit (
J-VER)
Cert
ific
ation a
nd S
teering c
om
mitte
e is
calle
d J
-VER E
xecu
tive B
oard
(J-
VER E
B).
J-V
ER
Me
tho
do
log
y
Pa
nel
(est
ablis
hed J
-VER E
B)
11
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Rela
ted
bo
dy o
f th
e J
-VE
R
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
11
Re
late
d B
od
ies f
or
Ce
rtif
ica
tio
nR
ole
Offse
t cr
edit (
J-VER)
Cert
ific
ation a
nd S
teering
Com
mitte
e(J
-VER E
B)
Est
ablis
hm
ent
of a p
osi
tive lis
t, m
eth
odolo
gy
etc
.
Deci
sion o
n a
pro
ject
regis
tration
Deci
sion o
n m
anagem
ent
of J-
VER
regis
try
Dis
cuss
ion o
n a
rece
ived c
om
pla
int
Cert
ific
ation C
ente
r on
Clim
ate
Change, Ja
pan (
4CJ)
Rece
ipt
of th
e a
pplic
ation
Support
for
J-VER
EB
Oth
er
act
ivitie
s under
J-VER
EB d
eci
sion
Meth
odolo
gy P
anel
Est
ablis
hed b
y J
-VER E
B.
Dis
cuss
ion o
n a
posi
tive lis
t, m
eth
odolo
gy a
nd
oth
er
rela
ted t
ech
nic
al is
sues.
The t
hird p
art
y I
ndependent
Com
mitte
e
Subm
issi
on o
f opin
ion t
o t
he J
-VER
EB
act
ivitie
s
12
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Gu
idelin
es o
f th
e J
-VE
R
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
Su
bje
ct
Tit
le
Genera
l Rule
R
ule
s and R
egula
tions
for
Off
set
Cre
dit (
J-VER
) sc
hem
e
Monitoring a
nd C
alc
ula
tion R
ule
Monitoring g
uid
elin
e f
or
Off
set
Cre
dit
(J-V
ER
) sc
hem
e
Valid
ation a
nd V
erifica
tion R
ule
Valid
ation a
nd V
erifica
tion g
uid
elin
e
for
Off
set
Cre
dit (
J-VER
) sc
hem
e
Lis
t of Applic
able
Pro
ject
Posi
tive L
ist
for
guid
elin
e f
or
Off
set
Cre
dit (
J-VER
) sc
hem
e
Calc
ula
tion o
f re
duct
ion a
mount
of each
pro
ject
Meth
odolo
gie
s fo
r ca
lcula
tion a
nd
monitoring f
or
Off
set
Cre
dit (
J-VER
)
Rule
for
J-VER E
BM
anagem
ent
rule
s fo
r J-
VER
EB
*Th
e n
am
e o
f e
ach
gu
ide
line
is a
pro
vis
ion
al tr
an
sla
tio
n.
A1-83
13
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Po
sit
ive l
ists
of
J-V
ER
(1)
Energ
y s
avin
g t
hro
ugh t
ransp
ort
ation e
ffic
iency
im
pro
vem
ent
by u
tiliz
ing info
rmation a
nd c
om
munic
ation t
ech
nolo
gy (
ICT)
E008
Utiliz
ation o
f fu
el w
ood b
y w
ood s
tove
E007
Se
cto
rN
o.
Pro
ject
Em
issi
on
Reduct
ion
E001
Fuel su
bst
itution f
rom
foss
il fu
el to
fore
stry
bio
mass
fuel fo
r a b
oile
r
E002
Fuel su
bst
itution f
rom
foss
il fu
el to
bio
mass
pelle
t fo
r a b
oile
r
E003
Use
of
a p
elle
t st
ove
E004
Use
of bio
die
sel fu
els
fro
m w
ast
e f
ood o
il fo
r a c
ar
E005
Fuel su
bst
itution f
rom
foss
il fu
el to
bio
mass
fuel m
ade fro
m s
ew
era
ge s
ludge
E006
Low
-tem
pera
ture
wast
e h
eat
reco
very
and u
tiliz
ation
E009
Energ
y s
avin
g t
hro
ugh r
educi
ng t
he u
se o
f m
ete
r-ch
eck
ing v
ehic
les
by u
tiliz
ing info
rmation a
nd c
om
munic
ation t
ech
nolo
gy (
IT)
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
14
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Po
sit
ive l
ists
of
J-V
ER
(2)
Se
cto
rN
o.
Pro
ject
Sin
kR
001
Fore
st m
anagem
ent
(loggin
g)
R002
Fore
st m
anagem
ent
(loggin
g, pla
nting e
tc. )
R003
Affore
station
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
15
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Ap
plicati
on
-C
ert
ific
ati
on
-Is
su
an
ce o
f th
e J
-VE
R
Sourc
e:
Japanese M
inis
try o
f E
nvironm
ent
�si
mila
r to
CD
M�
Basi
cally
, acc
ord
ing w
ith I
SO
14064-2
�In
tern
al valid
ation b
y 4
CJ
for
cost
cutt
ing f
or
pro
ject
part
icip
ants
Ad
ditio
na
l p
roje
ct
to r
ed
uce
GH
G e
mis
sio
n
Baseline
GH
G e
mis
sio
n A
fter
carr
yin
g
out
pro
jects
th
at
encoura
ge
energ
y e
ffic
iency
Am
ou
nt
of ca
rbo
n
cre
dit
tim
e
GH
G
em
issio
n
15
16
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Pro
jec
t e
xa
mp
les
(1
)
Sourc
e:
Japanese
Min
istr
y o
f Environm
ent
This
pro
ject
cert
ifie
s re
duce
d G
HG
em
issi
ons
as
equiv
ale
nt
credits
by r
epla
cing f
oss
il fu
els
use
d in c
em
ent
fact
ory
boile
rs
with u
nuse
d t
rees
in t
he f
ore
st.
(Date
of
applic
ation:
Dece
mber
3, 2008, ce
rtifie
d o
n M
arc
h 1
0, 2009.
Est
imate
d e
mis
sions
reduct
ion:
1,0
39t
, fr
om
April to
Septe
mber
2008)
A1-84
17
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Pro
jec
t e
xa
mp
les
(2
)
Sourc
e:
Japanese
Min
istr
y o
f Environm
ent
Use
of
bio
die
se
l fu
els
of
wa
ste
fo
od
oil
fo
r a
ca
r
18
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Pro
jec
t e
xa
mp
les
(3
)
Sourc
e:
Japanese
M
inis
try o
f Environm
ent
Use
of
a p
ell
et
sto
ve
19
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Pro
jec
t e
xa
mp
les
(4
)
Sourc
e:
Japanese
M
inis
try o
f Environm
ent
Fo
rest
ma
na
ge
me
nt
(lo
gg
ing
, p
lan
tin
g e
tc.
)
20
The P
roje
ct for
Capaci
ty D
evelo
pm
ent
and I
nst
itutional Str
ength
enin
g for
GH
G M
itig
ation in t
he K
ingdom
of Thaila
nd
Dis
cu
ssio
n
�W
hat
are
the p
oss
ible
‘T-V
ER’pro
ject
ca
ndid
ate
s in
Thaila
nd?
A1-85