3-5 metrology

DAE Mechanical Technology

2nd Year

2011-2012

Metrology

(MECH-252)

1. Lesson Plans

2. Operation Sheets

NAVTTC / TEVTA/ JICA

December 2011

This TLM has been developed in the "Project for Development of Center of Excellence of Technical Education", on

Mechanical Technology at Government College of Technology Railway Road (GCT RR), by a collaboration work

among National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), Punjab Technical Education and Vocational

Training Authority (TEVTA) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

Metrology

(MECH-252)

LESSON PLANS

Table of Contents Introduction to Measurement 1

History of Measurements 3

Quality Control 5

SI Units—ISO Standards 7

FIT- Tolerance - Allowances 9

Surface Plates 11

Spirit level Engineering Parallel 13

Gauges 15

Gauges 17

Adjustable Measuring Tools 19

Micrometer 21

Dial Indicator 23

Angle measuring tools 25

Angle measuring tools 27

Angle Measuring Tools 29

Precision Measuring instruments 31

Precision measuring instruments 33

Precision measuring instruments 35

Accuracy in measurements 37

Classification of Errors 39

Dial Instruments 41

Dial Instruments 43

Taper Measurements 45

Tool Marker Microscope 47

Profile Projector 49

Optical Flats 51

Mechanical comparator 53

Electrical / Electronics comparator 55

Digital Instrument 57

Digital instrument 59

Digital instrument 61

Coordinate Measuring Machines 63

Gear Testing Machine 65

Back Lash Measurement 67

Digital 3-D Scanner 69

Digital Read OUT 71

1

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01 Introduction to Measurement Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: 40 mint GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about the subject metrology SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. The student will be able to know about the contents of subject measurement.

Time allocated

TOPICS,NOTES (Brief) With teacher student activities

Key points/Reminders/Sketch Teaching Aids/Evaluation

METROLOGY :- Metrology is science of measurements. Scientific Study of measurements is called metrology. Metrology is not concerned to length measurement but also concerned with industrial inspection.

Practice of metrology involves precise measurement. Metrology is mainly concerned with,

i. Establishing the unit of measurements.

ii. Developing methods of measurement.

iii. Researching into the causes of measuring errors and eliminating these.

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Objectives of Metrology:- The basic objective is to provide the accuracy at minimum cost.

1. Thoroughly evaluation of newly

developed product.

2. To determine process capabilities.

3. To determine measurement

instruments capabilities.

4. To minimize the cost of inspection.

5. Standardization of measuring

methods.

6. Maintenance of accuracies of

measuring instruments.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)

1) Explain Metrology. 2) Describe objectives of metrology. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Prepare notes on objectives of metrology. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

3

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 02 History of Measurements Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: 40 mint GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about the History of Measurements. ii) The student will be able to know about the importance of Measurements. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. The student will be able to understand the importance of Measurements.

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Time allocated



History of Measurements:- It is well known saying that knowledge about anything is complete only when it is expressed in numbers and same thing is known about it. Four thousand years ago the parts of human body. Later on, they were standardized.

Science of measurement has made considerable progress when king Henry decided that yard is the distance from point of his nose to the end of his thumb. In 1929 at a meeting of international commission of weight and measure, a universal standard of measurement was approved.

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Importance of Measurement:- Measurement is very important in today life. Quality and quantity can never be achieved without measurement. Measurement play key role in quality control without measurement. We cannot know about product whether according to size or not.

1. We need measurement to make

thing with our design or other design.

2. We need measurement to control quality.

3. We need measurement for scientific description.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain History of Metrology year wise. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work)

Prepare notes on the importance of Measurements In modern engineering

Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, page or chapter number, date publication) 1) Dimensional Metrology by T. Butch .

5

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 03 Quality Control Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about the Quality Control.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. The student will be able to know about the Quality Control.

Time allocated



Quality:- 1. Quality is fitness for use.

2. Quality is conformance to

requirements.

3. Quality should be aimed at the needs of customer, present and future.

i. Customer is king

ii. Correcting and preventing loss.

iii. Customer requirement.

Quality Means Meeting:- Customer agreed requirement at lower cost, first time and every time.

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Quality Control:- It is a scientific method of inspection by adopting we get the best product in minimum possible time with minimum cost.

Advantages:- i. Insured rapid inspection.

ii. Fore casting trouble.

iii. Increases output and reduces

waste.

iv. Maintains complete record of daily quality.

v. More economical use of material.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain the purpose Quality Control. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Prepare notes on how does Quality Control increase production Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number,publication) 1) Industrial inspection Method by Michelon

7

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 04 SI Units—ISO Standards Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about SI Units and ISO Standards.


1. The student will be able to know about SI Units and ISO Standards.

Time allocated



SI Units :- The 11th general conference of weights and measure recommended a system of fundamental and derived units for international use. This system is named as

SI units.

Fundamental units. Length (l) Mass (m) Time (t) Temperature (T) Current (I) Luminous Intensity (Iv) Amount of Substance (n)

Supplementary Units:-

Plan Angle(α, β, θ, Ф) Solid Angle (Ω)

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ISO Standards:- 1970-European countries made quality Standard. 1979-British standard institute presented quality standard. 1987-ISO standards were presented and approved.

ISO 9000: QM & QA Selection & use ISO 9001: QA in design ISO 9002: Prod. & installation ISO 9003: Final inspection & Test ISO 9004: Guide lines ISO 8402: Quality Vocabulary

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain about standards. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Prepare assignment showing quality standards. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 4-A FIT- Tolerance - Allowances Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about limit system. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. The student will be able to understand and system of limits and tolerances.

Time allocated



Allowance:-

FITS:-

Tolerance:-

Intentional difference between mating parts 1. Clearance allowance 2. Interference allowance

Degree of tightness and looseness between mating parts. Clearance-interference –Transition difference between high limit and low limit. 1. Unilateral 2. Bilateral

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Geometric Tolerance:-

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Draw a sketch showing tolerance on difference parts . Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Prepare notes on Geometric Tolerance. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

11

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 05 Surface Plates Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about Surface Plates.


1. The student will be able to understand about linear measurement s supporting tools.

Time allocated



CI Surface Plates:-

Glass Surface Plates:-

Granite Surface Plates:-

1. Commonly use 2. Made of cost Iron 3. Wear resistance

1. Light weight 2. Used for accuracy 3. Do not effect in temperature

1. Wear resistant very high 2. Low effect of temperature 3. Neglectable friction

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Straight Edge:-

Used to check straightness of parts 1. Flat type 2. Knife type

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Why Surface Plates are used? Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of different Surface Plates. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Production Engineering by R.B. Gupta.

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 06 Spirit level Engineering Parallel Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about supporting tools. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. The student will be able to understand about the Spirit levels and surface gauge.

Time allocated



Spirit level:- Engineer’s Parallel:-

Used to check level of surfaces. 1. Spirit level 2. Engineer’s level

1. Rectangular in shape 2. Used to check parallelism 3. Setting work pieces on machines.

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Universal Surface Gauge:-

1. All sides adjustable. 2. Scriber may be tilted in any position. 3. Most suitable tool for layout work.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Describe the use of Surface Gauge? Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of different Surface Gauge showing all parts. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan. ____________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Slop Theory by Anderson.

15

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 07 Gauges Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about gauges.


1. The student will be able to understand about the use of different gauges.

Time allocated



Ring Gage:-

1. Standard ring gage 2. Special ring gage

Plug Gage:-

Used to check external diameter of a

shaft or round objects.

Two members go and not go.

Made in pairs

Go ring gage/ not Go ring gage

Used to check internal diameters of a work pieces.

Having two members Go and not go on same gage.

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Time allocated



Snap Gauge:- Radius Gauge:-

Fix type Adjustable type Go and not Go members

A thin, flat gage made of steel used for measuring internal and external radius.

Male radius or radius Female radius or Fillet.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Describe the use of different Gauges? Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of different Gauge showing all parts. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, gage. _________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

17

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 08 Gauges Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about gauges.


1. The student will be able to understand about the use of different gauges.

Time allocated



Angle Gage:- Screw Pitch Gage:-

Consists of different blades. Blades having different fix angle.

Also called thread gage. For checking pitch of threads. Consists of different blades.

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Time allocated



Standard Wire Gauge:- Feeler Gauge:-

Commonly known as wire gage or

SWG.

Available in round and rectangle in shape.

Used to measure sizes of narrow slots, gapes.

Consists of number of blades in different sizes.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain the use of feeler Gauge? Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of different Gauge identification. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, gage. _________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Production Technology by R.B. Gupta.

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 09 Adjustable Measuring Tools Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about universal Caliper.


1. The student will be able to understand about the use of different universal Caliper.

Time allocated



Vernier Caliper:-

Precision instrument used for

different measurements. Fix jaw – Sliding jaw Lock- Depth bar –main Scale, Vernier

Scale. Based on relationship between two

different scales. 0.02 & 0.05 mm least count.

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Time allocated



Invented by French Engineer Pierre

Vernier in 1631.

Made of stainless steel.

Zero error cannot be removed.

Protect it from dust and dirt.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Take a work piece and measure its sizes. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketches showing Vernier measurements. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, gage. _________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

21

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 10 Micrometer Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about Micrometer.


1. The student will be able to understand about the use Micrometer .

Time allocated



Micrometer:-

Precision instrument

Used for outside dimensions.

Frame – Main scale, Thimble scale-

lock Ratchet – Anvil – spindle.

Principle- Nut and Bolt Calibrated screw 0.01 mm least count.

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Time allocated



Invented by Jean Palmer in 1848. Made of wear resistant steel. Slip gages are used for checking the

accuracy of micrometer used for calibration.

Micrometer stands are used for better

results. Protect it from dust and dirt.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain the use of Micrometer. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketches showing micrometer readings. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, gage. _________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

23

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 11 Dial Indicator Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about Dial Indicator.


1. The student will be able to understand about the function of Dial Indicator .

Time allocated



Dial Indicator:-

Precision tool used for comparing

size of object with standard and deviation is shown on dial.

Spindle – Bushing – cover Large hand – Small hand Central Lug- revolution counter dial.

Hold in stand for use.

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Time allocated



Used for checking parallelism

squareness, alignment roundness. Using light pressure on contract

point of spindle, through gear train and lever system shown on dial.

0.01 mm is least count. Don’t strike with other parts.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain the Dial Indicator. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of Dial Indicator. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, gage. _________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

25

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 12 Angle measuring tools Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title): MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:-

i) The student will be able to understand the use fix angle measuring tools

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors 1. The student will be able to

understand about fix angle measuring tools.

Time allocated



Fix angle measuring tools:-

1. Combination square

Square head and grooved steel rule.

2. Try square commonly used for checking squareness and 90o angle.

3. Double square used for checking squarness and 900 angle from both sides.

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Time allocated



4. Die maker square commonly

used by die makers. Adjustable type.

5. Engineer’s Square checking for precision squareess and 90o angle, adjustable type.

6. Center square center head and grooved steel rule.

For locating centre of round objects and checking 450 angle.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Describe the difference between centre square and combination

square. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketches of six square for identification. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Lesson Plan, Squares Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Slop theory by Anderson__

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 13 Angle measuring tools Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know the use of angle measuring tools.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors 1. The student will be able to understand

the use of fix angle measuring gauges.

Time allocated



Angle gauges:

i. Thread angle gauges

used for checking pitch of thread ,also called screw pitch gauge. Different size blades/Leaves are fitted in sets.

ii. Grinding gages used for angle checking angle of grinding wheels for accurate grinding.

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Time allocated



iii. Drill angle gage also called drill gage for checking the dia/size of drill bit.

iv. Drill point gage for checking the angle of twist drill.

v. Tool angle gage also called v gage. v shaped, checking for angle of cutting tool.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Describe the use of drill point and Drill gage. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketches of gages for identification. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker Lesson Plan Different pages Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Production technology by R.B.Gupta.

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 14 Angle Measuring Tools Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- i) The student will be able to know about the use of angle measuring tools. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. The student will be able to understand about the use of adjustable angle measuring tools.

Time allocated



Adjustable Angle Measuring tools:-

1-Without graduation angle Measuring Tools i. Sine Bar

a hard grinded steel bar having same dia, two plugs fitted on both sides, used for setting and measuring angles.

ii. Universal Bevel Consists of stock and blade for checking and transferring angles.

iii. Combination Bevel Consists of a stock and two blades for checking angles.

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Time allocated



2-With graduation angle Measuring Tools. i. Bevel protractor

0-900 and 900-0 ii. Vernier Bevel Protractor

1/12o least count iii. Steel Protractor

0-180o iv. Dial Protractor

having dial 1/12o least count.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) 1) Explain the use of Dial Protractor. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of Vernier bevel Protractor. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, Protractors. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

31

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 15 Precision Measuring instruments. Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:-

i) The student will be able to know the use Of precision measuring instruments.


1. The student will be able to understand the use of Vernier Height gage.

Time allocated



Vernier Height gauge:-

i. Used for measuring heights of

different work pieces.

ii. Zero error can be removed/ set.

iii. Commonly available in 0-300 mm size with magnifying glass.

iv. Minimum resolution 0.02 mm.

v. Straight and offset scriber.

vi. Main scale can be moved up and down.

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Time allocated



Vernier depth gauge:- i. Used for measuring depth of different work pieces.

ii. Straight and hook type depth bar. iii. Hook type is also used for

measuring external size. iv. Least count 0.02 mm and 0.05m. v. Base must touch on both sides of

work piece. vi. Magnifying glass should be used

for correct measurement. vii. Also called depth caliper.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Describe the use of hook type depth caliper. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of hook type depth Caliper. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, height and depth gage. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

33

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 16 Precision measuring instruments. Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know the use of precision Instruments.


1. The student will be able to understand the use of inside Micrometer and depth micrometer.

Time allocated



Inside micrometer:-

i. Commonly used for accurately

measuring internal size. ii. Extension rod and caliper

type. iii. 50mm to 200mm extension rod

type. iv. Minimum resolution 0.01mm. v. Spacing collars- lock and

extension rod are used for measuring different size.

vi. Reverse scale on caliper type inside Micrometer.

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Time allocated



Depth Micrometer:-

i. Used for accurately measuring depths.

ii. Fix and adjustable type. iii. Fix 0-25mm/

adjustable 0-100mm. iv. Least count 0.01mm. v. Reverse scale.

vi. Base must touch on both sides of top of work piece.

vii. Standers are used for zero Setting of more than 25mm sizes.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Describe the use of depth micrometer. Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of caliper type Inside micrometer. Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, Depth micrometer inside micrometer Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane.

35

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 17 Precision measuring instruments. Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know the use of Precision measuring instruments.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- 1. The student will be able to understand

the use of thread Micrometer- Vernier micrometer.

Time allocated



Thread micrometer

i. Used for measuring pitch of threads

accurately

ii. Effective or pitch dia

iii. Double vee type anvil and spindle.

iv. Conical and vee type anvil and spindle.

v. Conical type anvil and spindle.

vi. Least count 0.01m.

vii. Also available in inch system.

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Time allocated



Hot gauge micrometer. Vernier micrometer.

i. Used for measuring the size

Of hot work pieces. ii. Special type anvil and spindle for

hot work pieces. iii. Insulated frame and ratchet. iv. Thermal expansion.

v. Used for very accurately measuring external dimensions

vi. Vernier scale is engraved on barrel.

vii. Least count 0.001mm.

Care= never use as gage.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Name the micrometer used for very accurately Measuring the external dimensions Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of Vernier micrometer Showing Vernier scale Tools Material & Aids:- Board marker, Duster, Lesson Plan, Micrometers Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) 1) Production technology by R.B.Gupta.

37

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 18 Accuracy in measurements Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to know 1. The element of metrology.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to 1. Understand the five basic elements of metrology.

Time allocated



Element of Metrology

There are five basic elements of metrology. These elements are necessary for talking accurate measurement.

Standard: Environment, thermal expansion,

holding method may affect standard. Work piece: Neat and clean, free from dust and dirt.

Instrument: Regular use of instrument friction,

magnetic force. Person: Improper handling, improper training, lack of knowledge and skill, selection of Tools.

Environment: Improper temperature, light, vibration effect accuracy of measurements.

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Time allocated



Random Errors: Error in measurements which are difficult to control.

1. Difference in setting of work piece

and standard

2. Difference in joint of measuring instruments.

3. Friction

4. Invisible lines

5. Wear Tear in gauges

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Explain random errors Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Prepare a chart showing classification of errors. Tools Material & Aids:- Board Marker, Lesson plans. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Metrology by M. Ghias

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 19 Classification of Errors Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to know about 1. Measuring Errors

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand 1. Controllable errors 2. Random errors

Time allocated



Classification of Errors: There are two main types of measuring Errors.

1. Control able or Systematic Error

i. Calibration ii. Mathematical

iii. Ambient Errors iv. Alignment Errors v. Environment

vi. Reading Instruments vii. Elastic deformation

viii. Parallax Error ix. Stylus Pressure

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Time allocated



2. Random Errors:

Error in measurements which are difficult to control

i. Different in setting of work piece

and standard ii. Different in joint of measuring

instruments iii. Friction iv. Invisible lines v. Wear tear in gauges

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Explain random Errors Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Prepare a chart showing classification of errors. Tools Material & Aids:- Board Marker, Lesson plans Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Metrology by M. Ghias

41

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 20 Dial Instruments Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to use 1. Dial caliper

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand 1. Dial Caliper 2. Measurement with dial caliper

Time allocated



Dial Caliper: An instrument used for measuring internal, external and depth with the help of dial.

Easy to measure and read the scale

Main scale = 1.00 mm

Dial Caliper = 0.02 mm

Main scale – Dial scale

Pointer – Fix Jaw – sliding Jaw—

depth bar – lock

Direct reading

Both metric and inch system

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Time allocated



Size available 0----150 mm 0---200 mm 0---300 mm

Provides highly repeatable inside dimensions.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)

1. What is beast count of dial caliper?

2. Name the parts of dial caliper? Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Prepare neat sketch of dial caliper showing measurement of 30-

40mm. Tools Material & Aids:- Dial Caliper (0-200 mm), Lesson Plan Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Shop Theory by Anderson Mitutoyo catalogue

43

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 21 Dial Instruments Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to use 1. Dial Thickness gauge 2. Dial bore gauge

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand 1. Use of Dial instruments

Time allocated



Dial Thickness gauge: The instrument used for measuring thickness of small parts with the help of dial.

Measurement thickness with

simple operation

Measuring faces high flatness,

parallel and excellent durability

Suitable for inspection small parts

on shop floor

Dial

Small pointer

Large pointer

Frame – indicator – contact point –

Anvil – spindle Lifting lever

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Time allocated



Dial Bore Gauge: Used for inspection internal dimensions, holes and bores.

Carbide tipped contact point for

durability

Easy zero adjustment

Interchangeable anvils having wide

range of measurement

Measuring diameter of small holes

Available in both inch and metric

system

Different ranges

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Name the parts of dial thickness gauge Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of dial bore gauge showing parts Tools Material & Aids:- Lesson Plan, Dial thickness gage, Dial bore gage Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Mitutoyo catalogue

45

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 22 Taper Measurements Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to know 1. Gauge blocks and sine bar

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand 1. Use of gauge blocks and sine bar.

Time allocated



Gauge Block: i. Slip gauges

ii. Johnson gauges Invented in 1950 by a metrologist Johnson.

Made of special hardened steel whose two faces are used for accurate measurement.

Standard for measurement

Used for calibration

Available in square and

rectangular shape

Cohesive and wiring type

AA, A, B according to tolerance

2, 1, 0, 00, and calibration grade

46

Time allocated



Sine Bar: A sin bar helps us learning something about angles.

A steel bar has a cylinder near each

end form a hypotenuse

Designed with a distance between

the cylinders

Common size (5” – 10”)

(12.7 – 25.4 cm)

Used for accurately measuring

angles

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Describe grades of gauge blocks Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw a neat sketch of sine bar forming triangle with a hypotenuse

of 5” Tools Material & Aids:- Sine Bar (125 mm), Lesson Plan Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Dimensional Metrology by Ted Busch Roger Horlow

47

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 23 Tool Marker Microscope Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about tool makers microscope

Time allocated



Tool makers microscope Attachments

The tool makes microscope is an optical measuring machine equipped for external and internal leng the measurement. i) Centre stage for mounting cylindrical

components. ii) Angel measuring oculars iii) Double image ocular iv) Optical feeder v) Projections screen

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able To understand the working of toll makers microscope

Expected Entry Behaviours

48

Time allocated



Main parts

Working

Rotatable- measuring stage swing able head –ocular projective screen micrometer objective lens The component being measured illuminated by light method parallel bean of light illuminates the lower side of work piece which is than received by objective lens in its way to prism that deflects the lights rays in the direction of measuring ocular and projection screen

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Name of the main parts of tool makers microscope

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Draw neat sketch of tool makers microscope

Tools Material & Aids:-

Lesson plan duster board makers

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Metrology by syed Skaykat Abbas

49

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 24 Profile Projector Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about profile Projector

Time allocated



Profile Projector Profile projectors are used to examine screen threads, bevel greas and similar forms

i) In profile projector work piece set at an angle to the optical path or the illumination beem must be moved to the profile

Projection screens are of two types . i) Translucent ii) opaque

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able To understand the use of profile projector and profile measurment


50

Time allocated



Diascopic projection

Is projection through films, transparencies and

similar material

Episcpoic projection

Is projection of the surface of opaque objects

which is used most often to examine engraved

surfaces, embossed patterns

The greatest limitation of profile projection is that we must ensure that the part feature being examining lies in the palen of sharpens . this plane is part of screen that is normal to the optical axis Importance i) large number of part features are

examined in two dimension simultaneously

ii) much measurement is direct which is more reliable than transfer method

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Describe two uses of profile projector


Draw neat sketch of profile projector


Lesson plan duster board makers

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Dimensional Metrology by Ted Busch Roger Harlow

51

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 24-A Optical Flats Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about optical flats

Time allocated



Optical flats Optical flats is a transparent with one face finished to near perfect flatners

The primary instrument that use light is optical flat. Optical flat have one face finished lightly prefect. When this face is placed on another nearly flat surface, we can see light bands, or “fringes” also know as inter face which correspond to the distance separating the two surfaces .

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able To understand the use and application of optical flats


52

Time allocated



There are four primary application of optics 1. magni fication the visual enlargement

of an object for precise measurement 2. alignment

using light rays to establish references such as liners and planes

3. interferometry using the leanomenon of light to measure

4. using the known wave length o flights as the absolute standard of length


Describe the use of optical flats


Draw neat sketch of optical flats


Lesson plan duster board makers sketch flexi

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Dimensional Metrology by Ted Busch Rogerr Horlwo

53

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 25 Mechanical comparator Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-236 a Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about Comparison measurement and mechanical Comparator

Time allocated



Mechanical comparator Mechanical dial comparators are indicator with stands that incorporators their own reference surface

Comparators are precision measuring instrument used. Comparative measurements between work and standard Types of mechanical comparators i) cam and geor type ii) rock and geor type iii) high amplification iv) Read type

High amplification and reed type are now is use, other have obsolete.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able To understand comparison measurement, mechanical comparator its types and uses


54

Time allocated



Parts Base – column – arm indicator head spindle lifter table Principle The movement of measuring tip attached at the end of the pointer through a mechanism of substituting a more accurate linear to rotary transducer Uses i) Comparison ii) Gauging


Describe the mechanism of mechanical comparator


Draw neat sketch of tool mechanical dial comparator with stand


Dial comparator – flexi – board marker

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication) Dimension Metrology by Ted Busch Rahbar Metrology by Hafeez

Mughal

55

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 26 Electrical / Electronics comparator Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about electrical And electronics comparator

Time allocated



Electrical comparator This comparator is also known as electromechanical measuring systems as this employ an electromechanical device which converts a mechanical displacement into electrical input signal

Simple form of basic electric equipment. Dial indicator mounted on stand Switches are attached by the motions of indicator spindle Signal light limit indicator. When indicator hand reaches prescribed tolerance limits the preset switches close. Yellow light signal undersize, red light signal oversize, green light signal with in tolerance limits.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able To understand the working of electrical and electronics comparator


56

Time allocated



Electronic comparator

Electronic instruments are popular. It is better

to use an inexpensive instrument, but

electronic instrument reduced time of checking

size, measuring size. The rate of measurement

make electronic instruments perfect of

dynamic measurement

Rapid operation even at light amplification. Multiple amplification ranges in same instrument Limited self checking Electronics comparator is based on the principle of application of frequency modulation or radio oscillation. By using various adaptors, may be application like external testing can be made. Measuring unit may be small having several magnifications


Describe the use of the electrical comparator


Draw neat sketch of electrical or electronic comparator


Comparator – flexi – sketchs – board marker

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Dimensional Metrology by Ted Busch Roger Harlow

57

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 27 Digital Instrument Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about digital instrument

Time allocated



Digital micrometer Digital matic micrometer mostly used for outside measurement accurately. Reading is displayed screen

Available in 0-25mm size, large size are also available. Easy to use and check sizes of different parts. May be used as gage having features like that. Dual conversion inch to mm and mm to inch 0.001mm resolution On /off button Zero button Micrometer stand is used for alignment and proper holding stability.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able To understand about digital micrometer and digital caliper.


58

Time allocated



Digital caliper

Digital caliper used for measuring outside,

inside and depth dimensions.

Available in different sizes from 0-150to 0-300 mm Easy to use and measure different sizes Dual conversion inch to metric systems and metric systems to inch Resolution 0.01mm On /off button Zero button for removing zero error Used for three types of measurements with the same instrument


What are the advantages of digital instrument. Describe in detail


Draw neat sketch of digital micrometer with stand


Lesson plane digital instruments board marker flexi

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication)

Catalogue

59

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 27-A Digital instrument Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-236 a Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know digital instrument

Time allocated



Digital indicator Digital indictor is used to check the variation occurred in work pieces /jobs during production process. It also indicator geometric uniformity of dimension and contour

Available in 0-10mm and 0-25 mm sizes Easy to use and check the variation of work pieces. May be used as gage having features like that Mounted on stand for use Dual conversion inch to mm and mm to inch 0.001mm resolution Zero button

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able to use And understand digital indictor and digital depth caliper


60

Time allocated



Digital depth caliper

Used for accurately and easily measuring depth

of work pieces size in displayed on screen

Available in 0-100mm size. Large size also available Easy to use and measure depth Dual conversion inch to mm and mm to inch 0.01mm resolution On / off button Zero button for setting on zero


Name the parts of digital instruments


Draw neat sketch of digital indicator


Lesson plane, flexi digital instrument- board marker

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of

publication)

Catalogue

61

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 27-B Digital instrument Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title) MECH-236 a Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about digital instrument

Time allocated



Digital height gage Digital height gage is used to easily measure the height of different work pieces and layout

Commonly available in 0-300mm size Placed on surface palate or lab table for use Dual conversion inch to mm and mm to inch 0.01mm resolution Zero button for zero setting Straight and off set scribe may be used Angle plate is used for alignment

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able to understand about digital height gage


62

Time allocated



And supporting work piece on right angle for measuring accurately


Name the parts of digital height gage


Draw neat sketch of digital height gage showing parts


Lesson plane, flexi digital height gage - board marker

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, publication)

Catalogue

63

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 28 Coordinate Measuring Machines Name: Subject (Course Title) MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about CMM

Time allocated



Coordinate Measuring Machine Coordinate measuring Machine are powerful metrological instruments CMM enable us to locate point coordinate on the three dimension structure at the same time that they integrate both dimension and orthogonal relation ships

When a computer is added to the CMM it creates an instrument that can automatically perform complex angles is that can learn measurements routines to compare how a piece conforms to its specifications. The greater the complexity of the piece the greater the benefits from a CMM CMM provides so many measurements are widely used for industrial application

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - The student will be able to understand the

working of CMM


64

Time allocated



It is different to say when coordinate

measuring machine emerged as a district class

instruments but such metrology pioneer as C.E

Johansson and F.H Rolt Wrote about machines

that could measures in three axis. While the

instruments that these metrologist proposed

were special purpose instrument, today CMM

and interfaced computer provide a variety of

measurement opportunities

Metrologist use the term CMM to refer to instruments that measurements that measure in two axis . Cantilever type Bridge type Column type Horizontal type Gantry type Modes of operation Manual Manual computer assisted Motorized computer controlled Probes All CMM consist of a probe and way to move it along three axis relation to a work piece


Name the parts of CMM


Draw neat sketch of CMM


Lesson plane, flexi - board marker

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Dimensional Metrology by The Busch Roger Harlow

65

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 29 Gear Testing Machine Name: Subject (Course Title): MECH- Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to know about gear testing machine.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors 1. The students will be able to understand

about gear Inspection.

2. The students will be able to understand

inspection of Gears with machine.

Time allocated



Gear Inspection:- To optimize the gear performance, an accurate and precise inspection and testing is necessary. The maximum life of gear train depends upon the proper inspection and testing of Gears.

1- For a proper identification of

damaged areas during Inspection operation, a magnifying glass, a strong and clear light source and reflector is to be used for best results.

2- If the gears are not properly inspected, it is obvious that gear will fail and damage to other parts.

66

Time allocated



Gear Testing Machine:- A vital aid in gear inspection process in gear testing machine. It plays an important role in any gear inspection operation.

A gear checking machine among other is supposed to check the following things.

i) Run out. ii) Pitch variation iii) Accumulated pitch variation. iv) Profile/involute v) Lead vi) Stop error vii) Tooth thickness.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Write down the things which are inspected / tested during gear

inspection.

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of a spur gear.

Tools Material & Aids:- Lesson plan – Flexi – Spur gear Board Marker.

67

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 30 Back Lash Measurement Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title): MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about back lash.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand about back lash measurement

Time allocated



Backlash:- Standard Amount of Backlash:-

1- The amount of play between teeth of mating gears is called backlash.

2- Difference between tooth thickness and tooth space.

Min. backlash .03xModule Average backlash .04xModule Max. Backlash .05x Module.

68

Time allocated



How to obtain backlash:-

1- Excess depth of cut (than

standard/Theoretical working depth) is employed to obtain necessary backlash.

2- A pinion with 20teeth is to drive a gear having 60 teeth and amount of backlash is 0.15 MM is to be obtained by cutting a gear tooth than standard. Excess depth of cut = .15x12 = .30 MM

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Calculate the back lash of two mating gears.

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of two mating spur gears showing back lash.

Tools Material & Aids:- Lesson plan – Flexi, Board Marker

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Technology of Machine Tool By SF Krar.

69

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 31 Digital 3-D Scanner Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title): MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about 3D Scanner.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand about the use of 3D Scanner.

Time allocated



3D scanner:- Benefits: Increase working with complex parts and shapes. Help with design of products to accommodate someone else part. If CAD models are outdated, a 3D scan will provide an update version. Replacement of missing and older parts.

A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (i.e. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital, three dimensional models useful for a wide variety of applications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_dimensional_model

70

Time allocated



The purpose of a 3D scanner is usually to create a point cloud of geometric samples on the surface of the subject.

These devices are used extensively by the entertainment industry in the production of movies and video games.

Other common applications of this technology include industrial design, orthotics and prosthetics, reverse engineering and prototyping, quality control / inspection and documentation of cultural artifacts.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) What are Benefits of 3D Scanner?

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of 3D Scanner.


Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Internet - Wikipedia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_cloud

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_design

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthetics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototyping

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_control

71

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 32 Digital Read OUT Name: Saeed Karim Subject (Course Title): MECH-252 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- The student will be able to know about Digital Readout.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- The students will be able to understand about the use of Digital Readout.

Time allocated



Digital Readout:-

A digital read out (DRO) is a small computer (display unit) usually with an integrated keyboard and some means of numeric representation.

It reads the signals generated by the linear encoder (or less frequently by rotary encoders) installed to several machine's axes used to keep track of workpiece position.

72

Time allocated



The use of DROs are not limited to manual equipment as CNC equipment can usually be switched to manual operation and in this case a form of DRO is simulated on the Control Panel of a robotic machine.

This system is commonly fitted to most machines in today's shops: lathes, cylindrical grinders, milling machines, surface grinders, boring mills and other machine tools to allow the operator to work faster and with greater accuracy.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) What are Benefits of DRO?

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw neat sketch of DRO.


Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Internet

Metrology

(MECH-252)

OPERATION SHEET

Table of Contents Practice of Graduated Tools Steel 1

Practice of combination Set 3

Practical of supporting tools 5

Practice of Guages 7

Practice of Small Hole and telescopic gauges 9

Practice of outside Micrometer 11

Practice of Intside Micrometer 13

Practice of Depth Micrometer 15

Practice On thread micrometer 17

Practice of Vernier caliper 19

Practice of vernier Height gauge 21

Practice of vernier depth gauge 23

Practice of Angle Measuring 25

Practice of Angle Measuring tools 27

Pracitice of Angle Measuring tools 29

Practice of Angle Measuring tools 31

Use of Sine Bar 33

Calculation to Tolerance 35

Practical of dial instruments 37

Use of Gauge Blocks 39

Practice of Electrical Comparator 41

Practice of Mechanical Comparator 43

Practice for digital Micrometer 45

Practice of digital caliper 47

Digital depth gage 49

Practice of digital Indicator 51

Practice of digital height gage 53

Practice of Gear Testing Machine 55

Back lash Measurement 57

Gear Tooth Measurement 59

Measurement by Thread Gauges 61

Practice of Measurement on CMM 63

Practice of Profile Projector 65

1

Operation Sheet No -1

Operation /job: - Practice of Graduated Tools Steel, Name: Saeed Karim

Hook, Rule Folding Rule Trammels Technology: Mechanical

Subject: - MECH-252 Time & Date:

Objectives: - The Students will be able to

Use Rules and draw straight lines,

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches / Flexi of rules and trammels

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Steel Rule, Hook rule, Folding Trammels Surface

plate, Work pieces,

Steps/Procedure/method Key Points/Precautions For Skillful Performance

1. Place the work piece on surface plate

2. Place the steel rule on work piece

3. Draw a straight line

4. Measure the length of line with rule

i. Use new rules

ii. Start measuring from one inch or 1 cm

iii. Degrees of rule should be straight and parallel

Application and Try Out : Give exercise to students for practice Safety Precautions: 1. Use steel rule having clearly visible lines. 2. Edges of steel rule should not be broken 3. Start reading form 1 cm

2

Special Assignment: Draw sketches of steel rule showing different measurements.

Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

Reference: Shop theory by Anderson

3


Operation /job: - Practice of combination Set Name: Saeed Karim

Subject: - MECH-252 Technology: Mechanical

Objectives: - The Students will be able to Time & Date:

1. Use the combination set.

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show flexi of combination set

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Combination set, work piece


1. Place the combination set on surface plate.

2. Fasten the center head / square head. bevel

protractor to blade

3. Set the work piece in any part of or finding center

/ checking squareness and measuring angles.

1. Blade / Grooved Steel rule,

2. Centre bead

3. Square bead

4. Bevel protractor

Application and Try Out : Students should be given exercise of finding centre of round objects

Safety Precautions: 1. Fasten the blade with parts carefully and properly 2. Use scriber pin for layout and working

4

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of all the parts of combination set.



5


Operation /job: - Practical of supporting tools Name: -

Plates, Straight Edge, Levels Technology: Mechanical


Objectives: - The students will be able to use the difference

Surface plates and levels,

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show flexi of CI surface plate tool makers surface

plate, levels, straight edge.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Different surface plates, levels straight edges

engineers parallel


1. Clean the surface plate

2. Check the level of plate with spirit level

3. Cheque the surface finish of surface plate with

master square and straight edge.

4. Place the work piece on surface plate for

measuring

5. Take the measurement

I. Surface plate should be supported firmly

II. Load should be equally distributed on surface

plate.

III. Top should be truly cleaned

Application and Try Out: Students should be given exercise of checking level of surface plate.

Safety Precautions: 1. Protect to of surface plate against damage using cover. 2. Protect it against rust 3. Wiping cloth should be spread over surface plate for tools. 4. Cover when not in use

6

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of all Plates, straight edge and levels



7


Operation /job: - Practice of Gauges Name: - Saeed Karim



1. To use fix and adjust gages.

2.

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches / flexi and original gauges.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Ring Gauge plug gauge work pieces


1) Place the gauges on lab table

2) Place work piece on lab table

3) Set the gauge in work piece or set the work piece

in gauge

4) check size of work piece as per standard

a. Use both go and not go gauges for gauging

b. Ensure that gauging surface is hardened

Application and Try Out: Give exercise of gauging

Safety Precautions: 1. Clean work piece and gauging surface. 2. Check the work piece both in go and not go members. 3. Protect the gauges from dust, dirt and rust. 4. Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of snap gauge for identification

8


Reference: Engg. Metrology by R.K. Jane

9


Operation /job: -Practice of Small Hole and telescopic gauges Name: Saeed Karim

Subject: - MECH-252 Technology:


1. Use the small Hole and Telescopic gauges.

2.

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show small Hole and telescopic gauges.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Show Small Hole Gauge set Telescopic gauge set

work pieces Micro meter.


1. Place the gauges on Lab table

2. Place Work piece on lab table

3. Use Suitable size gauge.

4. Set the gauge in work piece properly

5. Measure the size on micro meter.

1. First approximate measure the size with Vernier

caliper.

2. Secondly select suitable size gauge

Application and Try Out : Give exercise of gauging

Safety Precautions: 1. Clean work piece and gauges. 2. Use carefully as there gages are sensitive 3. Set the gauge accurately 4. Read the size on metric micrometer. Special Assignment:

10



11


Operation /job: -Practice of outside Micrometer Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Show sketches flexi of outside micrometer

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi of outside micrometer

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - outside micrometer (0-25mm) work pieces


1. Check zero error.

2. Hold the micrometer in stand.

3. Set the work piece in anvil and spindle

4. Read the size on main scale.

5. Read the thimble scale

6. Add above readings.

L.C= thimbleofdivisionoTota

scvisiononmaOneSmallDi

.ln

= = =0.01mm

Frame Anvil spindle Haim scale thimble scale ratchet

stop lock

Main supporting part of drill machine.

Application and Try Out: The student should be given exercise for reading micrometer.

Safety Precautions: 1. Micrometer must be held in stand. 2. Ratchet should be used while setting work piece for measuring 3. Do not use on moving ports 4. Cover after Use.

12

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of snap gauge for identification



13


Operation /job: - Practice of Inside Micrometer Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use inside micrometer.

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi of Inside Micrometers caliper

type.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Inside micrometer caliper types work piece (5-30

mm)(25-50mm)


1. Check and remove zero error

2. Set in the work piece properly using ratchet

3. Read the main scale

4. Read the thimble scale

5. Add above readings

Scale is reverse.

Haim scale= 1mm

Thimble scale = 0.01mm

Application and Try Out: The students should be given exercise of measuring internal sizes

Safety Precautions: 1. Set in work piece properly. 2. Read the hidden scale correctly 3. Read the thimble scale correctly 4. Store after use.


14


Reference: Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jane

Metrology of M. Gluas

15


Operation /job: - Practice of Depth Micrometer Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use depth micrometer.

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi of Depth micrometer

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Depth Micrometer (0-100mm) standards work

pieces.


1) Clean the depth micrometer.

2) Check and remove zero error Using slandered

3) Insert required size rod in depth micrometers.

4) Set the depth micrometer over work piece

5) Measure the size.

L.C= 0.01

Reverse Scale

1-Mian Scale division =1.00 mm

1-small division =0.50 mm

1-Thmble division = 0.01mm

Base must touch on both sides of work piece

Application and Try Out: The students should be given exercises

Safety Precautions: 1. Fit rod and remove zero error 2. Before measuring ensure that edge of hole is free from burrs. 3. Measure and read the scale accurately.

16



Reference: Machine tool technology By victor e. repp, villard j. meccarthy

17


Operation /job: - Practice On thread micrometer Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use thread micrometer

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi of thread micrometer

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Thread micrometer (V-anvil type)


1. Check and remove zero error.

2. Holde in stand

3. Set the bolt in V. Anil

4. Read the size on main scale

5. Read the size on thimble scale

6. Add above reading

One main scale division =1

One small scale division =0

One Thimble scale division is 0

Frame spindle v shaped anvil

Application and Try Out : The student should be given exercise for reading micrometer.

Safety Precautions: 1. Micro meter should be held in stand. 2. Set the threaded bolt in U-anvi 3. Do not use on moving ports. 4. Store in box after use .

Special Assignment: Draw net sketches showing different sizes

18


Reference: Metrology by Ghias.

19


Operation /job: - Practice of Vernier caliper Name: - Saeed Karim



1. To use Vernier caliper

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi and tools

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Vernier caliper (0-200mm) magnifying glass work

piece


1. Place tools and work pieces on lab table.

2. Check zero error

3. Set on work piece

4. Read main scale

5. Read vernier scale using magnifying glass

6. Add above reading

L.C= One small division on main scale

Total no. of divisions on Vernier scale

1-main scale division =1.00mm

1-vernier division = 0.02 /0.0. mm

LC = 0.02 mm

Or 0.05 mm

Application and Try Out: The students should be given exercise

Safety Precautions: 1. Do not use vernier caliper having zero error 2. Use magnifying glass while reading vernier scale 3. Store in box after use.

20

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketches of vernier caliper showing different size


Reference: shape theory by Anderson.

Dimensional metrology by T. Bush

21


Operation /job: - Practice of vernier Height gauge Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use Vernier Height

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi and height gauge.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Vernier height gauge angle plate workpiece


1. Place height gauge on surface plate

2. Place angle plate and work piece on lab table

3. Set zero

4. Set scriber on work piece

5. Read the size on main scale

6. Read the size on vernier scale using magnifying

glass

1-Mian Scale division =1.00 mm

1-vernier division = 0.02 mm

LC= 0.02mm

Application and Try Out : The students should be given exercise

Safety Precautions: 1. Clamp the scriber properly 2. Set the workpiece using angle plate 3. Store in box after using

22

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of bevel protractor showing angle of 60


Reference: Metrology by M. Ghias

Machine tool technology by victor E Repp Villor J Mc Carthy

23


Operation /job: - Practice of vernier depth gauge Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use the vernier depth gauge

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches flexi and vernier depth gauge.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Vernier depth gauge (Hook Type) Workpiece –

magnifying glass


1. Place depth gauge on surface plate

2. Place workpiece on suface plate.

3. Check zero error

4. Set the base of gauge on workpiece

5. Read the size

L.C= 0.02 mm

Or 0.05 mm

Base –Main Scale

Vernier Scale Lock

Fine adjustment screw –depth bar


Safety Precautions: 1. Before measuring ensure that edge of bde is free from burr. 2. Base must touch on both sides of hole. 3. Carefully read vernier scale

24




Machine tool techonolgy by victer, E Repp Villor J Mc Carthy

25


Operation /job: - Practice of Angle Measuring Name: - Saeed Karim

Tools Bevel Protractor Technology: Mechanical


Objectives: - The Students will be able to

1. The Bevel Protractor

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show sketches Flexi of bevel protractor

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Bevel protractor Blade workpiece Magnifying glass


1. Place the tools on lab table

2. fasten the bevel protractor in blade.

3. set the protractor on workpiece

4. read the angle

10=60 minutes

Minimum angle measureem

Is 10


Safety Precautions: 1. Fasten the protractor in blade properly 2. Read the angle using magnifying glass

26




Machine Tool Techonology by Victor, E Repp Villord J Mc Cartty.

27


Operation /job: - Practice of Angle Measuring tools Name: - Saeed Karim

Practice of Vernier Bevel Protractor



1. Use the vernier bevel protractor

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show chart flexi of vernier bevel protractor

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Vernier bevela protractror magnifying glass

workpiece



2. Fasten the blade in vernier bevel protractor

3. Set the protractor on workpiece

4. Read main scale

5. Read vernier scale using magnifying glass

10 = 60 minutes

Minimum angle measurement

Is ½ 0

Or 05 minutes

Magnify glass


Safety Precautions: 1. Fasten the protractor in blade properly 2. Read vernier scale carefully using magnifying glass

28

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of vernier bevel protractor showing angle of 600-30

minutes



Machine tool techonolgy by victer, E Repp Villor J Mc Carthy

29


Operation /job: - Pracitice of Angle Measuring tools Name: -

Practice of steel protractor



1. Use steel protractor

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Chart . flexi should be shown

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Steel protractor magnifying glass, workpiece



2. Check the blade fitting lock

3. set the protractor on work piece

4. Read the angle

Minimum Angle measurement

Is 10

Lock Magnifying glass


Safety Precautions: 1. Check the blade fitting / lock before use 2. Lock the blade while measuring

30

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of steel protractor showing angle of 1200



31


Operation /job: - Practice of Angle Measuring tools Name: - Saeed Karim

Practice of Dial protractor



1. Use the dial protractor

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Chart flexi should be shown

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Dial protractor magnifying glass workpiece



2. check the dial scale and pointer

3. fasten the blade properly

4. set on workpiece

5. Measure main scale

6. Measure dial scale

10= 60 minutes

Main Scale =10

Dial Scale = 1/12 0 or

Or 05 minutes

Dial Scale –pointer


Safety Precautions: 1. Fasten the blade properly 2. Read dial scale accurately

32

Special Assignment: Prepare neat sketch of dial protractor showing 600-15’



33


Operation /job: - Use of Sine Bar Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use the Sine Bar

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show the sketch of Sine bar

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Sine bar (0-5”), Guage block calculator


1. Clean the sine bar and points of application on

the job

2. Set the sine bar

3. Set the gauge blocks under the sine bar

4. Set the Vernier bevel protractor to check the

angle of inclination of the job surface

5. Calculate the angularity using trigonometric

function

tan Perpendicular

Base

Sin Perpendicular

Hipotenuse

CoSin Base

Hypotenuse


Safety Precautions: 1. Clean surface, work piece, sine bar 2. Omit the air gap between gauge bloc 3. check angle of inclination with vernier bevel protractor before calculation 4. Calculate carefully.

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of sine bar showing application

34


Reference: Dimensional Metrology by Ted Busch Roger Horlow

35


Operation /job: - Calculation to Tolerance Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Calculate tolerance and allowance

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Lesson Plan tolerance

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Calculator Board marker duster


Tolerance

Difference between High limit and low limit

i. Unilateral + or –

ii. Bilateral

i. Basic size =40.00 mm

Tol =0.20 mm

H.L = 40.20

L.L = 39.80

Total Tolerance = 0.40 mm

ii. Gauge tolerance

10% of total tolerance

10% of 0.40=0.04 mm

Subtract from high limit add in low limit


Safety Precautions:

1. Calculate the high limit and low limit carefully 2. Use calculator for decimal fraction

36

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch showing Unilateral and bilateral tolerance.


Reference: Machine tool technology by Victor E Reff Villord J Mc Cortty

37


Operation /job: - Practical of dial instruments Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Dial instruments

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show the sketches of dial instruments

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Dial caliper dial thickness gauge dial indicator


1. Place all instruments on lab table

2. clean all the tools and work piece

3. Set the instrument on work piece

4. Read main scale

5. Read dial Scale

6. Add above readings

LC=0.05mm

Or 0302 mm

Main scale =1.00 mm

Main scale= 40.00 mm

Dial scale = 0.36 mm

= 40.36 mm


Safety Precautions:

1. Set zero / Remove zero error 2. Set work piece properly 3. Read / pointer carefully

38

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of square gauge blocks also calculate the size for 64.75 mm


Reference: Dimensional Metrology by T. Busch Roger Horlow

39


Operation /job: - Use of Gauge Blocks Name: - Saeed Karim



1. To use the gauge blocks

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show the sketch and flexi of gauge blocks

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Gauge block set micrometer


Following procedure is used

i. Write the desired figure on a piece of paper.

ii. Start at the top of gauge block set.

iii. Choose a block from complete mm in row

iv. Than choose decimal number block

v. Efforts should be made not to select more than

five blocks for on setting

The process of combining gauge blocks together to

make themselves adherings calle warnings.

44.051

1.001 - 1.001

43.050

1.05 - 1.05

42.00

4.50 - 4.500

37.50

12.50 - 12.50

25.00

25.000

44.051


Safety Precautions:

1. Clean the gauging surface using soft tissue

2. Place the blocks tag ether make + Sign slide upper block over lower block with circular motion

3. Blocks should be separated by same method

4. Do not pull the blocks

40

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of square gauge blocks also calculate the size for 64.75

mm


Reference: Dimensional Metrology by T. Busch Roger Horlow

41


Operation / Job: Practice of Electrical Comparator Name:__ Saeed Karim

Subject: Mech-252 Technology___________

Time & Date:__________

Objective: The Student will be able to sue the electrical comparator

for comparison and gauging

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi of electrical comparator.

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: Electrical comparator –comparator stand power supply

unit Work pieces single light limit indicator

Steps/Procedure/Method Key points/Precaution For Skillful

Performance

1. place for all the tools on lab table

2. clean all the tools

3. clamp the comparator on stand

4. set the comparator with signal light

limit indicator

5. set the zero

6. set the tolerance

7. place the work piece under spindle tip

8. Note the variation

9. Look at signal light

10. Repeat this practice

Power supply unit

Signal light limit indicator

Yellow light-- under size

Red light -- over size

Green light --within limits

Application and Try Out: The student should be given exercise for practice

Safety precautions:

1. Use comparator is dust proof lab 2. Use instrument oil on sliding surface. 3. Use light pressure while handling. 4. Electric gauge way show error if power supply is not proper voltage

42

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of Electrical comparator with single light indicator

Drawing /diagram /Sketch

References: Rahbor Metrology by Hafeez Mughal

43

Operation sheet - 22

Operation / Job: Practice of Mechanical Comparator Name:__ Saeed Karim __

Subject: Mech-252 Technology:___________

Time & Date:___________

Objective: The Student will be able to sue the Mechanical comparator

for comparison and gauging

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi of Mechanical comparator

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: Mechanical comparator dial comparator comparator

stand, Standard – wrokpiece


Performance

1. Place all the tools on lab table

2. Clean all the tools

3. Clamp the comparator in stand

4. Set the comparator at standard / basic size

5. Set tolerance limits on dial comparator

6. Place the work piece under spindle tips

7. Note the variation

8. Repeat this practice

Adjust height of head and locket

Zero setting

Probe for lifting spindle

Application and Try Out: Give exercise to students for practice

Safety precautions:

1. Use comparator is dust proof lab under temperature control

2. Use instrument oil on sliding place

3. Use light pressure which handling.

4. Avoid unnecessary sliding of components on granite base and under spindle

44

Special Assignment:

Draw neat sketch of Mechanical dial comparator in stand


References: Rahbar Metrology by Hafeez Mughal

45


Operation / Job: Practice for digital Micrometer Name:__Saeed Karim ___


Time & Date:___________

Objective: The Student will be able to use the digital

Instruments for measurements

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi of Digital Instruments

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: Digital Micrometer work piece – Micrometer stand

surface plate


Performance

1. Place the work piece on surface plate

2. Place the digital instruments on lab table

3. Mount the micrometer in stand.

4. Set the instrument on zero

5. Place the work piece in micrometer

6. Read the size on screen

Use micrometer stand for alignment and

holding stability

Use new batteries

0.01 resolution

frame – Anvil – spindle

Ratchet LCD - on / off button lock

Application and Try out: the should be given exercise for checking size with digital instrument

Safety precautions:

Micrometer must be hold in stand

Ratchet should be use while setting work piece for measuring

Do not use on moving parts

Cover after use

46

Special Assignment:

Draw neat sketch of digital micrometer showing reading 20.50mm


References:

47


Operation / Job: Practice of digital caliper Name:__Saeed Karim ___


Time & Date:___________

Objective: The Student will be able to use digital caliper

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi and instrument

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: Digital caliper (0-150mm) Work piece


Performance

1. Place all the tools on lab table

2. Check zero error

3. Set the work piece in between jaws

4. Read the size on LCD

1. Set zero before use

2. 0.01mm resolution

3. Use new batteries for better results

4. More than one type of dimension with same

instrument

Application and Try Out: The student should be given exercises

Safety precautions:

1. Do not use digital caliper on moving parts

2. Set work piece between jaws accurately

3. Store in box/cover after use

48

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of digital caliper showing size 60.25mm


References:

49


Operation / Job: Digital depth gage Name:__ Saeed Karim __


Time & Date:___________

Objective: The Student will be able to use digital depth gauge

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi and digital depth gage

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: digital depth gage (0-100mm) Work piece


Performance

1. Place tools and instrument on lab table

2. Clean tool and instruments

3. Set the zero

4. Set the digital depth gage over work piece

5. Read the size

0.01mm resolution

Base must touch on both sides of work piece

for measurement

Base, depth bar LCD


Safety precautions:

1. Before measuring ensure that edges of hole are free from burr

2. Carefully set the digital depth gage over work piece

3. Store / Cover when not in use

50

Special Assignment:

Draw neat sketch of DIGITAL Depth Gauge showing reading as 40.35 mm


References: Rahbar Metrology by Hafeez Mughal

51


Operation / Job: Practice of digital Indicator Name:_Saeed Karim ____


Time & Date:___________

Objective: The Student will be able to use digital indicator

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi digital indictor

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: digital indicator –indicator stand –work piece (0-25mm)


Performance

1. Place all tools and work piece on lab table

2. Clean all the tools

3. Set the digital indicator in stand

4. Place the work piece on stand

5. Set the pointer on work piece

6. Read the deviation in size on LCD

0.01 mm Resolution

Zero setting

Dual conversion

Application and Try Out: Students should be given exercises

Safety precautions:

Properly hold the digital indicator on stand

Set the pointer on work piece accurately

Use new batteries for better measurement

Store / cover after use

52

Special Assignment:

Draw neat sketch of digital indicator with stand showing deviation of 5.15mm


References:

53


Operation / Job: Practice of digital height gage Name:__Saeed Karim ___


Objective: The Student will be able to use digital height gage Time & Date:__________

Introduction, preparation & Motivation: Show sketch/flexi and digital height gage

Machines/Equipment/Tools/Material: digital height gage (0-300mm) work piece


Performance

1. Place all the tools and instrument on lab table

2. Place height gage on surface plate

3. Place angle on surface plate

4. Set the scriber in height gage

5. Place the work piece with angle plate for correct

vertical position

6. Set the scriber on work piece

7. Read the size on LCD

0.01 MM Resolution

Offset scriber

Zero setting


Safety precautions:

Clamp the scriber properly

Properly set the work piece using angle palate

Store in a box after use

54

Special Assignment:

Draw neat sketch of digital height gage showing 100.40MM size


References:

55


Operation /job: - Practice of Gear Testing Machine Name: - Saeed Karim

Subject: - Metrology (Mech. 252) Technology: Mechanical

Objectives: -The students will be able to use gear testing machine Time & Date:

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: -

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: -

Gear testing machine (Gears – WD 40 – Marking Gear – Tap)


Gear Inspection by Gear testing machine

1- Clean the gear using WD-40

2- Check teeth surfaces using marking color and

Tap.

3- Check Surface area of gear for pitting – spoiling –

c racking.

4- Set the gear in gear testing machine.

5- Check the bare of gear.

6- Check the bearing bore.

7- Fill up the check list of gear inspection.

Application and Try out: Inspect a Spur gear and fill up checklist form.

Safety Precautions / Care:

1. Clean the gear before inspection.

2. Set the gear in machine properly.

3. Carefully fill up checklist.

56

Special Assignment:

Take a spare gear and prepare its check list.

Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References:

57


Operation /job: - Back lash Measurement Name: - Saeed Karim


Objectives: - Students will be able to Time & Date:

1. Calculate amount of back lash.



Feeler gauge – Spur gears WD-40


Back lash Measurement:-

1- Clean the teeth of driver and driven gears.

2- Mount both gears on driver and driven shaft sat

proper central distance.

3- Slightly rotate the driver gear.

4- Measure back lash between tooth profiles of

driver and driven gears using feeler gauge.

Application and Try out: Describe the other uses of feeler gauge


1. The tooth profile of gear should be clear from defects such as burs, pits etc.

2. Proper central distance should be maintained between shafts.

58

Special Assignment: Take two Spur gears from advance machine shop of 2.5 Module and calculate back lash. Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References: Technology of Machine Tool by SF Krar

59


Operation /job: - Gear Tooth Measurement Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use gear tooth caliper and measure tooth size of Gear



Gear tooth caliper – WD 40 work piece


Gear Tooth Measurement by caliper Method:-

1- Clean the gear tooth properly using WD 40.

2- Hold the gear in fixture.

3- Open the vertical beam equal to addendum or

module and set on job.

4- Measure tooth thickness by using horizontal

beam of vernier tooth caliper.

Application and Try out: Measure the tooth thickness for spur gears of 1 Module and 2 Module.


1. Read the tooth thickness accurately.

2. Store tooth caliper in box after use.

60

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch of gear tooth caliper. Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References: Technology of Machine Tool by SF Kror

61


Operation /job: - Measurement by Thread Gauges Name: - Saeed Karim__



1. Use thread gauges and measure different sizes



Screw pitch gauge – Threading Gauge – WD – 40 Work piece


Measurements of Threads by Screw pitch Gauge

Measurement of Threads By threads Ring

Gauges

1- Clean the threads of Job and thread ring gauge.

2- Hold the job in proper fixture.

3- Check the size of thread by using thread ring

gauge.

1- Clean the threads of Job and thread ring gauge.

2- Hold the job in proper fixture.

3- Check the size of thread by using thread ring

gauge.

Application and Try out: Check the size of threads of given work piece by screw pitch gauge and

thread ring gauge


1. Use WD 40 to clean the threads.

2. Set the thread gauge on work piece properly.

3. Store the thread gauge after use.

62

Special Assignment: Sketch the thread ring gauge Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References: Technology of Machine Tool By SF Kror

63


Operation /job: - Practice of Measurement on CMM Name: - Saeed Karim



1. Use the CMM.



CMM, Different Work piece


CMM

Co-ordinate Measuring Machine.

1- Clean the surface of measuring table.

2- Attach the temperature Sensor.

3- Calibrate CMM with master ball.

4- Place the work piece on measuring table.

5- Adjust moving speed.

6- Turn on Main Power supply.

7- Turn on transformer.

8- Turn on air dryer.

9- Open compressed air valve.

10- Turn on machine power supply button.

11- Press start button.

12- The CMM starts initialization and moves with

reference to each axis.

13- Measure the size.

Application and Try out: What are the functions of CMM?


1- Press the Emergency step button in case of emergency during operation.

2- Be sure to keep your hands and head at a distance from moving range.

64

Special Assignment: Take a job and find its sizes Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References: PITAC Lahore

65


Operation /job: - Practice of Profile Projector Name: -Saeed Karim



1. Use the Profile Projector.



Profile Projector with accessories work pieces.


Profile Projector:-

1- Clean the tool and work piece.

2- Set the job in front of lens.

3- Focus the job.

4- Set the magnification.

5- Switch on project.

6- Set x-axis and y-axis for measurement.

7- Read the size of Lcd.

Application and Try out: What are the uses of profile projector?


1- Clean all the tools and job before measurement.

2- Focus properly for good results.

3- Handle the job in hand vise if not set on base.

66

Special Assignment: Draw neat sketch and take a job from store and check its angles. Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References: PITAC Lahore

3-5 metrology

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