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GFAR 2003-03-03b.en

2nd Triennial GFAR Conference

22 – 24 May 2003

Méridien Président Hotel, Dakar, Sénégal

Linking Research and Rural Innovation to Sustainable Development

Successful Experiences in ARD: “China/Canada Dryland Farming Project: A Case Study”

Powerpoint Presentation

Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada

Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

China/Canada Dryland Farming China/Canada Dryland Farming ProjectProject

A A Case StudyCase Study

Inner Mongolia

Gansu

Shan

xiHe

bei

Shandong

Beijing

Population: 1,284,303,705Area: 9,596,960 sq kmArable land: 13.31%Irrigated land: 525,800 sq kmGDP: $US 6 trillion – agriculture – 18%

China

Grain production from 1970 to 2001

Year1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Tota

l gra

in y

ield

x 1

06 (M t)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

MaizeWheatRice

Meat and milk production from 1970 to 2001

Year1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Tota

l pro

duct

ion

x 10

6 (M t)

0

20

40

60

80

100MilkMeat

Fertilizer usage from 1970 to 2000

Year1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Tota

l fer

tiliz

er (M

t)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

KPN



Hebei Lowland PlainHebei Lowland Plain•• Water table is dropping 1 m per year Water table is dropping 1 m per year

due to over irrigation due to over irrigation •• Excessive tillage and removal of crop Excessive tillage and removal of crop

residue are causing soil deteriorationresidue are causing soil deterioration•• Unbalanced fertilization and excessive Unbalanced fertilization and excessive

pesticide application are causing soil pesticide application are causing soil and water pollutionand water pollution



Project ObjectiveProject Objective

•• Improve rural well Improve rural well being through being through sustainable and sustainable and profitable agriculture profitable agriculture in the Hebei Lowland in the Hebei Lowland PlainPlain



FundingFunding

•• Canadian International Development Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) funded both phase I Agency (CIDA) funded both phase I ($4.9 M) and Phase II ($4.9 M)($4.9 M) and Phase II ($4.9 M)

•• China Governments matched equal China Governments matched equal amount through cash and inamount through cash and in--kindkind



How >>>How >>>Capacity building:Capacity building:

•• Human resourceHuman resource•• ManagementManagement•• ScientificScientific

•• InfrastructureInfrastructureLaboratoryLaboratoryEquipmentEquipment

•• Research Research DevelopmentDevelopment

•• Outreach ProgramOutreach Program



•• Over 10Over 100 0 scientists, extension scientists, extension specialists and managers trained in specialists and managers trained in Canadian institutions Canadian institutions

•• Training duration ranged from 1 to Training duration ranged from 1 to 36 months36 months

•• Most trainees returned to their Most trainees returned to their respective work unitrespective work unit

Capacity Building:Capacity Building:Human ResourceHuman Resource



Capacity Building: Capacity Building: InfrastructureInfrastructure•• EquipingEquiping soil chemical analysis, soil soil chemical analysis, soil

physics, soil microbiology, plant physics, soil microbiology, plant pathology and GIS labspathology and GIS labs

•• Upgrading field equipmentUpgrading field equipment



Research DevelopmentResearch Development•• Irrigation water use reduced by 30%Irrigation water use reduced by 30%•• Fertilizer efficiency increased by 50%Fertilizer efficiency increased by 50%•• Herbicide efficacy increased by 75Herbicide efficacy increased by 75--90%90%•• BioBio--control to control crop disease and control to control crop disease and

insect and to reduce pesticide usageinsect and to reduce pesticide usage



•• Over 90% of corn field in Hebei seeded Over 90% of corn field in Hebei seeded with zero till (2.4 M ha with 3 M farms) with zero till (2.4 M ha with 3 M farms)

•• Pesticide usage reduced by 30 Pesticide usage reduced by 30 -- 100%100%•• Income increased by 10 Income increased by 10 -- 30% compared to 30% compared to

conventional farmingconventional farming



Outreach programOutreach program•• 1111 extension sites established in extension sites established in

Hebei in 1996Hebei in 1996•• 2 extension sites established in Hebei 2 extension sites established in Hebei

and 1 each in Shandong, and 1 each in Shandong, GansuGansu, , ShanxiShanxi and Inner Mongolia in 2000and Inner Mongolia in 2000



•• The objective of the outreach The objective of the outreach program is to transfer farming program is to transfer farming technologies developed by the technologies developed by the Hebei Dryland Project to other Hebei Dryland Project to other regions of northern Chinaregions of northern China

Zhenyuan

Lishi

Xingtang

Linch

eng

Ningjin

Liangcheng

Organizational model Organizational model

Hebei Dryland Project Management

County VillageAgri. Academy Prov. Agri.Dept

Producers

HAAFS

Extension TeamThis is the first time in China that a provincial agency extends technologies beyond its boundary



Delivery MechanismDelivery Mechanism

•• Class room lecture Class room lecture •• Field instructionField instruction•• Field demonstrationField demonstration•• Field daysField days



Performance MeasurementPerformance Measurement•• Baseline household survey prior to Baseline household survey prior to

extension activityextension activity•• 2nd survey after two years of 2nd survey after two years of

implementation implementation •• Comparing the changes in the farm Comparing the changes in the farm

households to evaluate the impacthouseholds to evaluate the impact



Technologies extended:Technologies extended:•• DroughtDrought--resistant crop varieties and resistant crop varieties and

alternative cropsalternative crops•• WaterWater--saving cropping systemssaving cropping systems•• Integrated water management Integrated water management

technology technology •• Conservation tillage and fertilizer Conservation tillage and fertilizer

applicationapplication•• Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management•• Plastic film mulchingPlastic film mulching

Monthy Precipitation

Month1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Prec

ipita

tion

(mm

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1402001Long-term

Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia

Corn (2001)

Yield (kg mu-1)0 100 200 300 400 500

minimum-till

mulch

seed coating

balance fertilization

drip irrigation

conventional

Input (RMB mu-1)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Net income (RMB mu-1)0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

minimum-till

mulch

seed coating

balance fertilization

drip irrigation

conventional

Beneficiaries The outreach program satisfies the needs of farmers, has gained the government recognition and produces great soil impacts



Potential Dryland BenefitsPotential Dryland Benefits•• Potential average net income gain Potential average net income gain

100 RMB/100 RMB/mumu•• Potential area to adapt proper Potential area to adapt proper

technologies:technologies:–– IMARIMAR –– 30 M 30 M mumu–– ShanxiShanxi –– 50 M 50 M mumu–– GansuGansu –– 20 M 20 M mumu–– HebeiHebei –– 30 M 30 M mumu

•• Potential economic benefitPotential economic benefit–– 13 B RMB+ annually 13 B RMB+ annually

•• Soil and water Soil and water conservationconservation

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