2.making of the constitution

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MAKINGOFTHECONSTITUTION

KALYANSIR.COM

We are dealing with the circumstances and

demandsthatledtotheformationofConstituent

assembly and the preparation of the Indian

constitution.

Read in sequence. (This is a very important

suggestionfromme,pleasefollowthis).

Rememberyears.

ThenreadrelatedpointsGoodLuck

Yours

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Years:

1922MahatmaGandhisdemand

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1928NehruReport

1934MNRoydemandforConstituentAssembly

1939WorldWarII

1940Augustoffer

1942CrippsMission

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1942QuitIndiaMovement

1945WorldWarII(cametoend)

1945SimlaConference

1946CabinetMissionPlan

1946ConstituentAssembly(Formationandfirstmeeting)

1947LordMountbattenreplacedLordWavellasViceroyofIndia

1947June3rdplanorMountbattenPlan



1947IndianIndependenceActwaspassedintheBritishparliament

1947Partition

1947IndependencetoIndianandPakistan

1948DraftofIndianConstitutionintroduced

1949Constitutionwasadopted

1950Constitutioncameintoforce

Nowstartreading:

1922MahatmaGandhiputforwardthedemandthatIndiaspoliticaldestinyshouldbe

determinedbytheIndiansthemselves.

May17,1927AtBombaysessionMotilalNehrumovedaresolutioncallinguponthe

CongressworkingcommitteetoframeaConstitutionforIndia.

May19,1928InallpartyconferenceacommitteewassetupundertheChairmanship

ofMotilalNehrutodeterminetheprinciplesoftheConstitutionofIndia.

ReportwassubmittedonAugust10,1928andwascalledNehruReport.

Thiswasthe1stattemptbyIndianstoframeafullfledgedConstitutionforIndia.

MNRoyintheyear1934putforwardtheideaofConstituentAssemblyforIndiaforthe



firsttime.

Intheyear1935,theIndianNationalCongressforthefirsttimeofficiallydemandedfor

theCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY.

Augustoffer:ThedemandfortheCONSTITUENTASSEMBLYwasforthefirsttime

and authoritatively conceded by the British Government in the year 1940 through

AugustOffer.

1940 The coalition government inEngland recognized the principle that the Indians

shouldthemselvesframeanewConstitution.

1942:Cripps mission: Sir Stafford Cripps(Cabinet Minister) came to India with a

proposalofframingofIndependentConstitutionofIndiatobeadoptedafterWorldWar

IIprovidedthatthe2majorpoliticalpartiesINCandtheMuslimLeaguecouldcometo

anagreement.

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TheMuslimLeague rejected the same on the demand that India to be divided into 2

autonomousstatesoncommunallineswith2separateCONSTITUENTASSEMBLYs.

Hencepoliticalpartiescouldnotcometoanagreement.

ThiswasfollowedbyQuitIndiaMovementinAugust1942.



AftertheWorldWarII,thenewlaborpartygovernmentcametothepowerinEngland.

SimlaConferencewasheldintheyear1945attheinstanceofviceroy,LordWavell.

SIMLACONFERENCE:

TheSimlaConferenceof1945wasarrangedby

LordArchibaldWavellandthemajorpolitical

partiesinIndia.

ThiswasconvenedtoagreeupontheWavellplan

forIndianselfGovernmenttoprovideseparate

representationtoMuslims.

Thetalksfailed

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1946 CabinetMissionplan (LordPethickLawrence,SirStaffordCripps andAV

Alexander )was sentonMarch24,1946 to IndiawithaproposalofCONSTITUENT

ASSEMBLY.

Note:RememberthenamesofthemembersintheCabinetMissionplan.

The delegation rejected the claim for a separateConstituentAssembly and a separate

stateforMuslims.

The CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY was constituted in November, 1946 with 389

members.(296BritishIndiaand93werefromprincelystates).



(Please remember that the Constituent Assembly members were both elected

(indirectly)andnominated).

Out of296 INCwon208 includingall general seats except 9,MuslimLeague 73,

othersandindependentmembers15.Princelystatesinitiallydecidedtostayawayfrom

theCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY.

Congress208

MuslimLeague73

Unionist1

UnionistMuslim1

UnionistScheduledCastes1

KrishakPraja1

ScheduledCastesPraja1

Sikh(noncongress)1

Communist1



Independents8

KindlyNote: (ExceptMahatmaGandhi andMohammedAli Jinnah all prominent

personsweremembersinCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY.

ThefirstmeetingoftheCONSTITUENTASSEMBLYtookplaceonDecember9,1946.

MuslimLeagueboycottedthemeetingandinsistedonseparatestatePakistan.

Meetingwasattendedby211membersonly.

Dr.SachchidanandSinhainterimPresidentofCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY.

December 11, 1946 Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the

ConstituentAssembly.

HCMukherjeeVicePresidentoftheCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY.

BNRauConstitutionaladvisor.

December13,1946ObjectivesResolutionwasmovedbyJawaharlalNehru.

TheObjectiveresolutionwasadoptedonJanuary22,1947. (Whomovedit?What

arethedates?Importantfortheexaminationpointofview).



Preamble was the modified version of the Objectives Resolution. (Hence very

important).

LordMountbattenwassenttoIndiaastheGovernorGeneralreplacingLordWavell.

LordMountbattencameoutwithaplan.

ThisplanwasgivenaformalshapebyastatementmadebyBritishGovernmentonJune

3,1947.

ThisplanisknownasMountbattenplanorJune3plan.

On July 26, 1947 Lord Mountbatten announced the establishment of a separate

ConstituentAssemblyforPakistan.

TheIndianIndependencebillwasintroducedintheBritishParliamentonJuly4,1947.

TheIndiaIndependenceActcameintoforcefromJuly18,1947.

TheIndianIndependenceActof1947providedthatfromAugust15,1947wouldbeset

uptwoindependentdominionsIndiaandPakistan.

TheConstituentAssemblyreassembledonAugust14,1947astheSovereignConstituent

AssemblyfortheDominionofIndia.

Themembers of the Pakistan area in the Constituent Assembly are ceased to be the

members.



WhentheConstituentAssemblyreassembledonOctober31,1947themembershipwas

reducedto299.

With Indian Independence Act of 1947, CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the

sovereignbody.(IndiabecamesovereignonJanuary26,1950)

Note:Whatissovereign?wediscussinPreamble.

TheCONSTITUENTASSEMBLYbecamethefirstparliamentoffreeIndia.

ThefirstspeakerGVMavalankar.

CONSTITUENTASSEMBLYadoptedthe

NationalFlagonJuly22,1947.

ConstitutiononNovember26,1949.

NationalAnthemonJanuary24,1950.

NationalSongonJanuary24,1950.

DrRajendraPrasadwaselectedasthefirstPresidentofIndiaonJanuary24,1950.

January24,1950wasthelastsessionoftheCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY.



TheConstituentAssemblycontinuedastheprovisionalParliamentofIndiafromJanuary

26,1950totillthecompletionoffirstevergeneralelectionsinIndia.(195152)

Note:Alltheabovedatesareveryimportant.

Therewere22committeesconstitutedintheCONSTITUENTASSEMBLY

22committees:10committeesproceduralaffairsandremaining12Committeeswereon

Sustentative(SustentativeorConsiderable)Affairs.

SteeringCommitteechairmanKMMunshi.

TheRulesofprocedurecommitteechairmanDrRajendraPrasad.

DraftingcommitteechairmanDr.BRAmbedkar.

UnionpowersCommitteechairmanJawaharlalNehru.

CommitteeonUnionConstitutionChairmanJawaharlalNehru.

ProvincialConstitutionCommitteechairmanSardarPatel.

CommitteeofFundamentalRightsandMinoritiesheadSardarVallabhaiPatel.

ThedraftwaspreparedbyBNRau(AdvisortotheConstituentAssembly).

DraftingcommitteewassetuponAugust29,1947(VeryImportant).



TheChairmanofDraftingCommitteeDr.BRAmbedkar.

The final draft was introduced in the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY by Dr B R

AmbedkaronNovember4,1948(1streading).

The3rdreadingwascompletedonNovember26,1949.

ThedraftConstitutionwasdeclaredadoptedonNovember26,1949.

ThePresidentandthemembersoftheConstituentAssemblysignedit.

Note:PleaserememberthisdateismentionedinthePreamble.

TheoriginalConstitutioncontained8schedulesand395Articles.

PreamblewasenactedaftertheenactmentoftheConstitution.

(RememberPreamblewasthelasttobeadoptedandenacted).

DrBRAmbedkarTheFatheroftheConstitution

ofIndia

(Note:DRB.RAmbedkarwasthefirstLawMinister

of the Nation from August 15, 1947 to January 26,

1950).



ConstitutioncameintoforceonJanuary26,1950.

SincethenJanuary26,1950iscelebratedastheRepublicday.

Inallittook2years11monthsand18daysfortheConstitutiontogetcompleted.

The Provisional Parliament ceased to exist on April 17, 1952. The first elected

Parliament(2houses)cameintobeinginMay,1952.

The provisions related to Citizenship, elections, provincial Parliament, temporary and

transitionalprovisionsweregivenimmediateeffect.(November26,1949).

TherestoftheConstitutioncameintoforceonJanuary26,1950.



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