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02 mrspzfPAoh02 mrspzfPAoh02 mrspzfPAoh02 mrspzfPAoh (02 Chapter )

idrOrAuidrOrAuidrOrAuidrOrAuhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amhhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amhhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amhhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh

;<ska m@lg jk;<ska m@lg jk;<ska m@lg jk;<ska m@lg jk ixcdkkixcdkkixcdkkixcdkk yd prAhd mokuyd prAhd mokuyd prAhd mokuyd prAhd moku

( Foundation of Cognition and Behaviour

as an Value in Concept in Metta )

� idrOrAuidrOrAuidrOrAuidrOrAu ms<snZo yeZoskajSums<snZo yeZoskajSums<snZo yeZoskajSums<snZo yeZoskajSu ( ( ( ( Introduction of Values )

huzlsis ixl,amhla ( Concept ) idrOrAuhla ( Value ) jkafka tlS ixl,amh

uZ.ska ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl hk f; wxYfhkau uqZM uy;a ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhysu ys;

iqj isKsi hf:dala; ixl,amh l@shd;aul lsrSfuz mj;sk yelshdj u;h' thska .uH jkqfha

huzlsis ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jSug wksjdrAhfhkau tlS ixl,amh m@fhda.sl ;,fha mej;Su

wksjdrAh njhs' ixl,amhla yqfolau idrOrAuhla fkdjSfuz fya;j fuhska meyeos,sh'1 Tzkeu

ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jk jsg tys ffcj jsoHd;aul yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul Wmfhda.S;djh

i,ld ixcdkk ( Cognition ) yd prAhd ( Behaviour ) hk fCIa;@ folla hgf;a ie,ls,a,g

.; yelsh' fuz hgf;a ixcdkkh yd prAhdj hk fo wxYhu idrOrAuhla ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g

.ekSfuz oS b;du;a jeo.;a tl yd iudk jgskdluzj,ska hq; oDIagsfldaK folls' tfukau

kQ;kfhys ffcj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul mCIfhka fuz fo wxYh ms<snZoju

jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla is|= lr we;s ksid b;du jsYajikSh wkaouska idOl iys;j u

lreKq f.kyer oelajSfuz wjYH;djh fujeks TzkEu Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKhla iuznJOfhka

w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'2

idrOrAuhla hkafkka weZ.fjkqfha lulaoehs meyeos,sj wrA: ksrEmKh lr.ekSu

fuysoS m<uqfldgu jeo.;ah' idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka lsishuz jsreoaO fyda

jsfjzpkd;aul yeisrSula fyda meje;aula fjkqjg huz ksYaps; yeisrSula fyda meje;aula iuZ.

fm#oa.,sl jYfhka fyda iudcSh jYfhka tlZ.jSuls' ;j;a f,ilska wrA: olaj;fyd;a"

idrOrAuhla hkq mqoa.,hd iudch yd cSjs;h idrj;a lrk fmdfydi;a lrk udkqIsl

.Kdx.hls' idrOrAu lsishuz ixialD;shlg fyda wd.ulg fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shlg fyda

wkHkH fjhss' tu ixialD;sl rgdj fyda wd.usl ikaorANh fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;sh wkqj usi bka

mrsndysrj idrOrAu ms<snZoj l:d lsrSu fuz fya;j ksid ksIaM, jQjls' fndfyda jsg fndfyda

fokd idrOrAu iuZ.u ixialD;sh fyda wd.u fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shla fyda ms<snZojo iZoyka

lrk nj olakg ,efnkafka o fuu fya;j ksiduh' 3

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fuz fya;j ksidu lsishuz idrOrAuhl jshqla;;d .Kh we;ehs lsj fkdyelsh'

jshqla;;d .Kh rys;nj hkafkka woyia jkqfha fuysoS wjOdkhg .efkk ixialD;sl iudc

fyda wd.usl iSudfjka mrsndysrj idrOrAuj,g meje;aula rys;h hkakhs' idrOrAu jshqla;

fohla fkdjk nejska th ksrka;rfhkau wrA:j;a jkafka lsishuz ndysr iudc mrsirhla

iuZ.uh' fuz ksid tu ndysr iudc mrsirfhys wkkH;d ,CIKj,g .e,fmk f,i idrOrAu

ilia fjz' huzlsis iudc mrsirhla;<oS we.hqug ,la flfrk idrOrAuhla fyda idrOrAu ;j;a

iudc mrsirhla;<oS ta yd iudkj we.hqug ,la fkdlsrSu fyda tajd idrOrAu fkdjk nj

fmkajd oSu ;< ;yjqre jkqfha idrOrAu ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg fyda iudc mrsirfhka

mrsirhg mj;akd jQ jsp,Huh fohla njhs'4

idrOrAu hkak yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jYfhka Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk ;j;a mo

fndfyduhla we;' tkuz yr" jgskdluz" mqreIdrA:" w.hka" jsksYaphka" i;a.K" .KOrAu yd

usksialuz hkdoS jYfhks' fn#oaOd.usl ikaorANh hgf;a idrOrAu mqKH l@shd" li, lrAu yd

l@shdis;a jYfhka wrA: oelafjz'idrOrAu ms<snZoj iZoyka lrkjsg by; olajk ,o ish,q mrAhdh

kduhkaf.ka weZ.fjk wrA: idrOrAu hkafkka lshfjz'5 fjk;a f,ilska wrA:j;a l<fyd;a"

wjidk js.@yh;<oS idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka o ixl,am fjz' TzkEu ixl,amhla hkq

ffcj ixcdkkhg wruqKq jk lsishuz ixfjzos;djla jYfhka olajf;d;a th ksjeros fjz'

usksidg fuka u fjk;a iFj jsfYaIhkg o ixfjzokhka ;sfnz' kuq;a tjeks ixfjzokhka

fnfyjska m@d:usl ugzgfuz ixfjzokhka jk w;r usksidg fuka oshqKq fyda ixjrAOkhg m;a

iakdhquh l@shdldrSFjhla yd b;du jsYd, ixlSrAK jHqyhka wka;rA.; uia;sIalhla Wreu lr

fkd.;a fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkayg ke;' Tjqkg fjzokdj" |=l" nsh" wdidj" wdorh" fldamh yd

yqol,d iajNdjh jeks wixjrAOs; udkisl ixfjzokhka jskaokh lsrSfuz yelshdj muKla we;'

th jqjo lsishuz udkisl wdfjz.hla jeks ixfjzokhla muKs' usksidg fulS ;;ajh wnsnjd

lsishuz ixfjzokhla tys wdfjz.uh ia:rh blaujd ixl,amSh ;,fha isg jsZo.ekSfuz Yla;sh we;'

fuh ixfjzokhkays nqoaOsuh l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska yg .;a iajNdjhls' fuu nqoaOsuh iajNdjh

jvd;a ixjrAOkhg m;afj;au usksid Tyqf.a m@d:usl .;s isrs;a j,ska yd yeisrSuz rgd j,ska wE;a

jS tla;rd YsIagdpdruh wjia:djlg t<fUz' fuh udkj YsIagdpdrfhys tla;rd oshqKq

wjia:djla iksgqyka lrkakla fjz' l@u l@ufhka ffcj jrA.hdf.a udkj YsIagdpdruh ;;ajh

f.dvkZ.d .ksuska oshqKq j;au ffcj jrA.hdf.a oshqKqj yd iqN isoaOsh wruqKq lrf.k

f.dvkefZ.k tu ixl,am idrOrAu kuska yeZoskafjkakg jsh' tu ksid idrOrAuj, uQ,sl

ixl,amSh ,CIKj,g wu;rj iodpdruh" ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl hkdoS jsjsO wx. ,CIK o

wka;rA.;j we;'

by; oelajQ ksrAjpkh mrsos TzkEu idrOrAuhl iodpdruh ixialD;sl yd

udkqIsl wrA:j;a njla olakg ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau hym;ah' m@;scdkd;aulh' krl

idrOrAu hkqfjka woyiajkakd jQ fohla lsisfia;au ke;' fuz fya;j ksid tnkaola .ek

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is;Sugj;a fkdyelsh' nq|=iufha TzkEu mqoa.,fhl jsiska fkdl< hq; hehs oelafjk miamjq yd

oi wli,a whym;a yd m@;sfYaOkd;aul prAhdjkag ( Negative Behaviour ) ksoiqka f,i

oelajsh yel' tajd idrOrAuhkays jsreoaO mCIh ksfhdackh lrk nejsks' tfiau ta ksid tajd

idrOrAu f,i yeZoskajsh fkdyelsh' tfiau tjeks l@shdjka is|= lsrSfuka mqoa.,dka;r yd iudc

iuznJO;d nsZo oefuk fyhska TzkEu ndysr iudc miq;,hla;<oS tajdg ysus i;H we.ehqu

fkdfjkiaj mj;S' 6

m@;scdkd;aul idrOrAu ( Positive Values ) ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrkjsg uSg

iuSm wrA:fhka idrOrAu ksrAjpkh lrk mZvsjre isgs;s' jsfYaIfhkau udkqIsljdoS ufkdajsoHd

.rel,fha udiaf,da yd Tz,afmdgz tjekafkdah' Tz,afmdgzf.a ksrAjpkh mrsos ‘idrOrAuhla hkq

iajd;auh yd iuznJO wrA:hls'’ nq|=iuh wd;aujdoh neyerlrk fyhska Tz,afmdgz olajk

iajd;auh mqoa., wkkH;djh f,i .; yel' tfiau th iajShFjh fyda fm#reIFjh f,io

wrA:l:kh l< yel' iajShFjh yd fm#reIFjh hk lreKq fol .;fyd;a th fjku

idlpzPdjg ,la l< hq; ;rfuz jeo.;a ud;Dld folls' fuz ms<snZoj kQ;kfha is|= flrS we;s

mrAfhaIK yd Ydia;@Sh oekqu wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj" ixjrAOkd;aul ufkdajsoHdj" <ud

ufkdajsoHdj" ufkda jsoHd;aul orAYkh" wOHdmk orAYkh" wdpdr jsoHdj yd orAYkh hk jsIh

fCIa;@hhkays me;sr mj;shs' fuz jsIh fCIa;@hhka tllg tlla iuznJO jk w;r fuzjdfhys

idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jkakd jQ uD;Dld fndfyda fihskau iudkFjhla Wiq,hs' 7

idrOrAu hk jok bx.@sis NdIdfjz Values hk wrA:fhka Ndjs;hg meusK we;s

tlls' tys idudkH wrA:h w.h fyj;a jgskdlu hkakhs' usksiqka w.h lrk ishZM foh

idrOrAu f,i .; fkdyels nejska w.hka j,ska idrOrAu fjkalr .ekSug huz rS;shla wjYHh'

fuhska lshefjk wfkla foh kuz idrOrAu fkdjk ke;fyd;a idrOrAu f,i ie,lsh fkdyels

w.hkao mj;sk njhs' fuu w.hka mqoa., jYfhka fukau idudcSh jYfhkao jsh yelsh' w.hka

jkdyS huzlsis fohla iZoyd fmd|= talus;slj wdfrdamKh lrk ,oaodjQ fohls' t;< udkqIsl nj

.enzjsh yelsh' tfiau tfia fkdjsh yelso jsh yelsh' tfia jshyels w.hka idrOrAu f,i

ms<s.ekSu ms<snZoj wfma .egZMjla fkdue;' .egZMj we;af;a tfia fkdjsh yels foa ms<snZojh' fuz

fya;j ksid idrOrAu w.hkaj,ska fjkalr.kakd jQ uskquz oKav ms<snZoj ld,hla ;siafia

odrAYkslhka fukau ufkda jsoHdZ{hska w;ro fndfyda jsjdoiy.; wdl,am we;s jS ;snsKs'8 fuz

ksid fndfyda fofklg idrOrAu hk jpkfha iSudj lulaoehs ksYaps;j jgyd.ekSu wiSrejsh'

Values hk jpkfhys we;s mg,ejs,s nj .ek iZoyka lrk tan@yuz udiaf,da fufia lshhs'

‘Values hkak jsjsO iajrEmfhka js.@ylr we;'jsjsO wh th f;areuz .kafka

ish oDIagsfldaKhg wkqjh' i;HjYfhka oelajqjfyd;a wmg jevsl,a fkdf.dia uSg jvd ksYaps;

ldrAhnoaO jpkhla fidhd.ekSu iZoyd fuz jHdc moh w;ayer oeuSug is|=fjkq we;'’ tan@yuz

udiaf,da fuhska olajd isgskafka idrOrAu hkafka wrA:h th jsjsOdrA:fhka Ndjs;d lsrSu;<ska

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uq,ska iZoyka l< iajrEmhg jvd w;sYhskau mqZM,a jS f.dia we; nj;a tksid thska uq,ska woyia

l< wrA:hg huzlsis ydkshla is|= jS we;s nj;ah' tfukau uq,ska woyia lrk ,o wrA:h mejiSu

iZoyd idrOrAu hk moh w;ayer fjk;a jpkhla Ndjs;d lsrSfuz wjYH;djh jrA;udkh jk

jsg u;j we;s njo fy;u fmkajd oS we;' 9

idrOrAu ms<snZoj tan@yuz udiaf,da iZoyka lrk fuz |=Ialr;djh uelakso olshs'

‘Values hk ixl,amh jsoHd;aul f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu ms<snZoj mj;sk |=Ialr;djhla kuz th

fkdfhla fkdfhla wrA:fhkao jrskajr wrA: udre lruskao Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid we;sjS ;sfnk

jHl~,Fjhhs'’ huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hl ksYaps; wrA:hla f.koSu msKsi jHjydr lrk ,o

;dCIK mohla thska mrsndysrj idudkHlrKh jSu ksid thska uq,ska woyia lrk ,o

jsoHd;aul wrA:h .s,syS f.dia we;s nj uelaksf.a m@ldYfhka fy<sfjz' idudkHlrKShjSu

idudkH jHjydrfhys mj;sk jpk iZoyd fhda.Hh'kuq|= Ydia;@Sh Ndjs;fhaoS ksYaps; wrA: f.k

oSu iZoyd tnZ|= jpk jHjydr l< fkdyels njg m;a fjz' 10 tfiau ta iuZ.u wod< mofhys

Ydia;@Sh mokuo jshelS hdug mgka .kshs' fuz fya;j ksid Ydia;@Sh jHydrfhys mj;sk ;dCIK

mo tys Ydia;@Sh rduqj ;<u jHjydr jkafka kuz jvd fydZo nj fmfka' idrOrAu;< huz

jsksYaphla fyda Bg wod< uQ,sldx. we;<;a jk w;r" tajd uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a ksjeros hym;a

fyda wdYd lrkq ,nk woyia yd u;hka meyeos,s flfrA' fuu idrOrAu;< ;on, udkqIsl

,CIK we;<;a fjz' wm jsiska mqoa.,hkaj Tjqkaf.a idrOrAuj, mj;sk oevsNdjh u; fY@aKs.;

lsrSuz l< jsg th mqoa.,fhl ;< we;s idrOrAu moaO;shla ( Value System ) f,i yeZoskafjz'11

lsishuz mqoa.,fhlf.a w.kdluz fyj;a idrOrAu tys .enzjk udkqIsl w.h u;

fY@aKs.; lrkq ,nk OQrdj,shla idrOrAu moaO;shla kuz fjz' fuz Oqrdj<sh flfklf.a udkqIsl

nj fjkiajk wkqms<sfj<g iliajkakla o fjz' udkqIsl nj wkql@ufhka uD|= yd kuHYS,S yeisrSuz

rgdjla olajd mrsjrA;kh jSfuzoS idrOrAu j, ;;ajh jevs oshqKq fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh is;

uD|= yd kuHYS,S njg m;alrjk ixl,amhls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEfuka idrOrAu

moaO;sfhys OQrdj<s rgdj wkql@ufhka oevsNdjfhys isg uD|=Ndjh olajd mrsjrA;kh fjz'

huzlsis idrOrAuhla wkql@ufhka Wiia ;,hla lrd ixjrAOkhjSu hkafkys kshdudrA:h jkqfhao

tajd yels;dla fmd|= udkqIsl ;,fha msysgSuhs' mqoa.,hska;< we;s wd;audrA:lduS nj |=re lsrSug

olajk Wmfhda.S;dj idrOrAuj, Wiianjg fya;jls' tfiau ta iZoyd bjy,ajk ixl,am

mj;skafka kuz ksYaps; f,i tnZ|= ixl,am fiiq udkj wdl,am ixialrKh msKsi bjy,a jk

uQ,sl Wmdx. f,i kuz l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@h yd tu ixcdkk

fCIa;@h weiqre fldg ixialrK l@shdj<shg ,lajk yeisrSuz rgdj fyj;a prAhd moaO;sh uZ.ska

fiiq idrOrAu ixl,am fuyhjSulg ,la lrk nejz meyeos,sju fmkS hk lreKls' mqoa.,hka

ish,q fokdgu idrOrAu moaO;shla jsiska ksrAudKh lrkq ,nk idrOrAu OQrdj,shla fyj;a

ugzguz iuQyhla we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid mqoa.,hka;< idudkHfhka oel.;

yels us;@Fjh" wkqluzmdj" mfrdamldrh" fifkyi" wdorh jeks .Kdx. idrOrAu f,i oelajsh

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yel' jsjsO udkj wdl,am flfrys fuzjdfha we;s idfmaCI jeo.;alu u; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

iuzmrAlh ,nkakd jQ idrOrAu moaO;sh yZ|=kd.; yelsh'12 fujeks udkqIsl .Kdx. nsys jkqfha

fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska mqoa., uki fnfyjska uD|= yd kuHYS,S fjkilg nZ|=ka lrk ksidh'

;ud fukau wkqkao tl yd iudk fmd|= cSjk whs;sjdisluz Nla;s jsZoshhq; nj jgyd .ekSug fuz

ksid yelshdj ,efnz' wfkl;a iFj jrA.hd ;udf.a m@fhdackh msKsi nsysj we;s fuj,uz fkdj

;ud jeks ;j;a wfhla f,i yZ|=kd .ekSug;a wjfndaO lr .ekSug;a fuuZ.ska wjldY ie,fia'

fuu idrOrAuj, we;s jeo.;alu ( Importance of Values ) ie,ls,a,g

.ekSfuzoS fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nsysjk idrOrAu ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSu fuu

mrspzfPaofhys oS is|= flfrA' idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a wdl,am" wNsfm@arKh" ixcdkkh (

ixcdkkh ) wdoS l@shdj,Ska iZoyd uQ,sl w;a;sjdru oukq ,nhs' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl fu;a;d

ixl,amhg wkq.; jk jsg tlS mqoa.,hd jsiska idudkHfhka fiiq mqoa.,hka iuznJOfhka

oelajsh yels fyda oelajsh hq; fyda prAhd rgdfjz ( Behaviour ) jsjsOFjh tlS ixl,amh isf;ys

jrAOkh jS we;s wdldrh wkqj ;SrKh fjz' 13 fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS we;s

mqoa.,fhlf.a prAhdj tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS fkdue;s mqoa.,fhlf.a

prAhdjg jvd fydZo hehs ;rAl lsrSug fyda is;d .ekSug W;aidy .kq ,nhs' tys m@;sM,hla

jYfhka fuu idrOrAu hkak wruqKq .; fyda ;drAlsl tlla jYfhka wmg oel .ekSug

mqZMjk' idudkHfhka idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhlf.a ixcdkkhg ( Cognition ) yd prAhdjg

n,mEuz lrkq ,efnz'

iEu idrOrAuhlau ixcdkk ( ixcdkk Cognition ) yd prAhd" wdfjzok" Z{dk

jsNd.S iy iudc hk mokuz mylska iukajs;h. fuu mokuz mfyka ixcdkk yd prAhd moku

hk idrOrAu mokuz fol yd tys l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj wfkHdakH jYfhka iuznJO lr fuu

mrspzfPAofhys oS idlpzPd lrkq ,nhs' fuu fojk mrspzfPAofhys oS wm n,dfmdfrd;a; jkqfha

fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZo wjYH ia:dkj, oS cSj jsoHd;aul

mCIhg keUqre jQ;a mqZM,a yd .eUqre odrAYksl js.@yhla is|= lsrSugh' ixcdkk moku (

Foundation of Cognition ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ixcdkkh lsrSu"

ixl,amkh lsrSu" yZ|=kd.ekSu yd ta ms<snZoj lreKq oek .ekSu wdoS ikaksfjzokh iuznJO

udkisl l@shdj,sh nj uSg fmr idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lrkq ,ensKs' fuz mrspzfPAofhys oS fuu

udkisl l@shdj<sh yd tlS udkisl l@shdj<sh weiqfrka mekkZ.sk prAhdj, jsjsO ,CIK ms<snZoj

fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<j ijsia;rd;aulj idlpzPdlrkq ,nhs' tysoS odrAYksl lreKq

fukau ufkdajsoHd;aul lreKq ms<snZojo ;<kd;aulj i,ld ne,sh yelsh' tfukau tlS ufkda

jsoHd;aul lreKq iZoyd miqnsuz jQ cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ms<snZoj o .eUqrska wjOdkh fhduq

lrkq ,nhs' 14

35

ixcdkkh hkq cSjshd jsiska fN#;sl f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSuh' wm ndysr

f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSu fkdfhla wdldrfhka lruq' oelSu" weiSu" wd>@dKh wdoS jYfhks' fuysoS

ufkdajsoHdfjys wruqK jkafka ndysr f,dalh ixcdkkh lrk wdldrh ms<snZoj i,ld ne,Suh'

prAhdjdoSkaf.a ksrAjpkh wkqj ixcdkkh hkq W;af;ackhka w;r mj;sk fjki yZ|=kd

.ekSuhs'15 ixcdkkh ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuka ufkdajsoHdjg we;s m@;sM,h lulao hkqfjka

weish yelsh' ixcdkkh wmf.a prAhdj flfrys uQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk idOlhls' cSjshd

yeisfrkafka ndysr f,dalfhka ixfjzokh jk W;af;ackhkag wkqjhs' tu ksid ixcdkkh

ms<snZoj yeoErSu jeo.;a fjz' ixl,am ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS fuu ldrKh w;HjYH jkafka

huzlsis ixl,amhla wruqKq fldgf.k we;sjkakd jQ ix{djka cSjSka jsiska .@yKh lr.kq

,nkafka ixcdkk l@shdj<sh uZ.ska jSu ksidhs'16 fu;a;d ixl,amh wjYHfhkau iduQysl nj

flaJ|@fldg f.k f.dvkeZ.S we;a;ls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lr;au iduQyslFjh

ms<snZo yeZ.Suo cSjshd ;<g ksr;re msjsfia' cSjSkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh fiiq cSjSka o iuZ.

iduQysl osjs fmfj;la .; lsrSu jk nejska hf:dala; iduQysl osjs fmfj; iuZ.s iuzmkakj .;

lsrSfuys,d fujeks ixcdkk uy;a fia WmldrS fjz' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu

prAhd rgdj ixialrKfhys,d .egquz yd wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk udkj iudchg wjYHfhkau

jeo.;ah'

ixcdkkfhaoS wms jsiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq; tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz

wjOdkhhs' W;af;aclhkaf.a fjki yZ|=kd .ekSfuzoS cSjshdf.a wjOdkh n,mdhs' huz

W;af;ackhla wjOdkfhka f;drj mj;S kuz th ixcdkkh jkafka ke;' ixcdkkh hkq

W;af;ackhla wjOdkhg ,lajSuh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ uD|= iajNdjh" cSj

ys;jdoSnj" tald.@;djh jeks lreKq ksid is; mSvdjg m;a lrk" jsh<s is;sjs<s wnsnjd tuZ.ska

is;g iykhla ,ndosh yelsh' isf;ys iajNdjh kuz ksrka;rfhkau jsjsO ixcdkkhkaf.ka

hqla;j mej;Su jk w;r tjeks ixcdkkhkaf.kao fu;a;d ixl,amh lemS fmfkkafka tys

mj;sk by; lS jsfYaI ,CIK ksid nejska ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys oS m@uqL;u wjOdkhg th

md;@ jkafkah' fuu wjOdkh .;sl iajNdjfhka hqla;h' wjOdkfhys tla;rd uOH ,CIhla

mj;S' fuh kdNsh hkqfjka yZ|=kajhs' mrsirh ;< mj;sk W;af;aclh kdNsh fjhs' wjOdkh yd

iuznJO B <Z. fldgi kuz Wmdka;hhs' Wmdka;h hkq W;af;aclh jsp,kh jkakd jQ iSudjhs'

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd jQ l@shdj<sh wdruzNfha oS ixcdkkh lsrSfuz myiqj ;ld

huz huz iSudjka Tiafia muKla ixcdkk jmirsh iSud lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh

oshqKq j;au wkql@ufhka fuu jmirsh mqZM,a lrkq ,nk w;r iSudjka ish,a, w;sl@uKh lrkq

,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuz l@shj<sh werfUkafka uu hk iSudj flaJ|@fldgf.k

nejska fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo wjOdkfhys uOH ,CIHh jk kdNsh uu hkak f,i oelajsh

yelsh' tjsg W;af;aclh jkqfhao uu hkakhs' ish,q iFjhka fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh m;rjkq

,nkafka uu hkak idfmaCI fldg f.k nejska uu hkak flaJ|@h f,i .ekSfuz wjYH;djh

meyeos,s fjz' fuu kdNsh yd Wmdka;h w;r jsjsO wjia:djka wms ixcdkkh lruq' iuyr

36

wjia:dj,oS wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia fjhs' fufia wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia jSu idOl

rdYshla u; is|= fjz' fulS idOl m@Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnosh yelsh'17 tkuz ndysr

yd wNHka;r hkqfjks'

fuhska ndysr idOl ms<snZoj m<uqfldgu ie,ls,a, fhduq lruq' funZ|= tla

jeo.;a idOlhla kuz ( intensive ) ;Sj@r;djhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl ;Sj@;dj wkqj ixcdkkh

(intensity cognitive) f.dv kefZ.a' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ ;Sj@;dj kuz fiiq

ixl,amj,g jvd ;Sj@ f,i wfkl;a foa tlg neZo ;nd.kakd (intensity factor) ixl,amhla

f,i l@shd;aul jSuhs' tfukau iFjdruzuKhka wruqKq jYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk nejska tlS

wruqK cSjS iajNdjfhka mej;Su wksjdrAh fjz' fuu wruqK wcSjS jqjfyd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh

tla;rd ugzgulska Tnzng oshqKq l< yels fkdfjz' fyj;a ;Sj@ f,i Ndjs;d l< fkdyelsh' ;j;a

idOlhla kuz jsYd,Fjhhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl mj;skakd jQ mqZM,anj ksid fiiq ixl,amhka

w;rska jvd;a wjOdkhg ,la fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdruzNfha oS uu flaJ|@fldg .;a; o jv

jvd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au uqZM uy;a jsYajfhau we;a;d jQ il,jsO cSjSka ish,q fokdu

wruqK jYfhka fhdod .efkk ksid th fnfyjska mqZM,a ixl,amhls'18 jsYd,Fjh yereKq fldg

m@fNaokh o ndysr idOlhla fjz' m@fNaokh hkq iqmqre|= W;af;ack w;rg wZM;a W;af;ackhla

meusKSuhs' idudkH ixl,amj,g jvd is;g iykhla Wodlrkakd jQ ixl,amhla uZ.ska

we;sjkakd jQ W;af;ackh ksid tlS ixl,amh jvd;a myiqfjka ixcdkkh jsh yelshs' tfukau

huzlsis ixl,amhla jsjsO iajrEmj,ska hqla;j ixcdkkh jSug i,iajhs kuz tlS ixl,amh

ukdj .@yKh lr.kq ,nk nj o fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh tla tla wdldrj,ska yd

iajrEmj,ska jvk wdldrh jsYoaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r fjz'19 tys jsia;r lrkakd jQ jsjsO l@uhka

tlu fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd myiqfjka ixcdkkh lsrSug ieliqKd jQ jsOs l@uhka fjz' tkuq;a

tla tla jsOsl@uhkays wjidk mshjfrys ta l@u ish,af,ysu ftlHhla f,i iSud iuzfNaoh bj;a

lr fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd;a mqZM,a iajrEmfhka ixcdkkh l< hq; whqre olajd ;sfnz'

ixcdkkh msKsi wjYH lrk ;j;a ndysr idOlhla kuz mqkrdjrA;khhs' mqkrdjrA;kh

lsishuz W;af;ackhla kej; kej; olakg ,efnzkuz tlS W;af;ackh flfrys jevsfhka wjOdkh

fhduq fjhs' lsishuz ixl,am iuQyhla w;rska jsfYaIs; ixl,amhla nyq,j Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid

mqkrdjrA;kh jk jsg th mqoa.,fhlf.a wjOdkhg yiq fjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;hg

.ekSfuzoS Wmfoia fokq ,nkafka th jv jvd;a nyq, jYfhka mqre|= mqyqKq lrk f,ihs' fuhg

wu;rj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys o wka;rA.; iqj myiq iajNdjh iFjhd kej; kej;;a tu

ksus;af;ys /ZojSug fya;jla fjz' fuh yereKq jg p,kh o ndysr idOlhls' lsishuz

ixl,amhl prAhd ,CIKj, wka;rA.;h wkqj p,k .Kh wOsl;r fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

wka;rA.; prAhd ,CIK wfkla ixl,amj, prAhd ,CIKj,g jvd wOsl;r nejska jvd;a

myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk l@shdj<sh msKsi wjOdkhg fhduq fjz' fuzjd w;rska

wdorh" fm@auh" ohdj" fifkyi" mfrdamldrh" us;@YS,S yeisrSu" iudcYS,SFjh" iudc fiajh"

iduQyslFjh" iudcdkqqfhd.Snj"ukqIHFjh" YsIaG iuzmkaknj" wdpdrYS,Snj" ;Hd.YS,Snj"

37

kuHYS,Snj" iykYS,SFjh" iycSjkh yd ifydaorFjh jeks usksfila ;j flfklf.a |=lg

msysg jSug n,mdk tfukau l@shdldrSFjh fya;fldg f.k ndysrska o jsoHudk jk m@n,;u

lreKq jvd myiqfjka mqoa.,fhl jsiska ixcdkkh lr.kq ,efnz' fuzjd mqoa.,hdf.ka ndysrj

mj;sk nejska ndysr idOl jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz'20

wfkla idOl jrA.h kuz wNHka;r idOlhs' wNHka;r idOl w;r m@n,

idOlhla kuz fm@arKhhs' wmf.a uQ,sl fm@arKhka yd iuznJO W;af;acl myiqfjka wjOdkhg

,la fjz' wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh wmf.a uQ,slu fm@arKhla f,i oelafjz' wdoS ld,Sk

udkjhdf.a mgka jrA;udk oshqKq iudc.; udkjhd olajd ;ukaf.a fulS wdorh yd iqrCIs;

iajNdjh hk uQ,sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi udkjhd ;ksj yeisrSfuka je<lS

f.da;@ jYfhka ixjsOdkh jS l@shdl< wdldrh udkj jsoHdj jeks jsIhhkays meyeos,sj

wOHhkhg md;@ fjz' f.da;@sl iudchkays mgkau iudc.; udkj lKavdhuzj,g iduQysl nj

w;HjYH jkakls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuzoS udkjhdf.a fulS uQ,sl fm@arKh jk

wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh Tyqg ,efnk nejska jvd;a myiqfjka yd ksrdhdifhka ixcdkkh

is|= fjz' ;j;a wNka;r idOlhla kuz wfmaCIdjhs' wm jevsfhka wfmaCId lrk foa myiqfjka

wjOdkhg ,la fjz' ixcdkkfha oS uQ,sl jYfhka jeo.;a jk fuu wjOdkh tla;rd wkaoul

wmf.a uOH iakdhq moaO;sh iy fud<h jsfYaIfhka kshqla; jS we;s W;af;aclh myiqfjka

wjOdkhg yiq fjz' uOH iakdhq moaO;sh tla W;af;aclhla flfrys kshqla; jQ jsg wfkl;a

W;af;acl ms<snZoj fud<h lrd mKsjqv f.khdu wekysgS' fufia n,k jsg ixcdkkh flfrys

YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh n,mdk nj fmfka' 21

wNsOrAufhys iZoyka jk w;s iQCIu ps;a; ffp;isl jsNd.h uZ.ska ixcdkk

fCIa;@h ms,snZo nq|=iuh olajk ,o w;s uy;a ie,ls,a, ksrEmKh fldg oelafjz' ishZM udkisl

.;s iajNdjhka w;s iQCIu f,i jrA.SlrKh fldg nq|=iuh ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj jsia;r

lrkq ,nhs' tysoS wdh;k" Od;" jsZ[aZ[dK jYfhka ukfiys ndysr wruqKq .ekSfuys l@shdj,sh

ixcdkk oDIags fldaKfhka ukdj iQCIau f,i jsYaf,aIKh fldg f;areuz .ekSug yd tu

f;areuz .ekSu bjy,a fldgf.k i;Hh wjfndaO lr.ekSug myiqjk whqrska jsia;rd;aulj

wrA: olajd we;' ixcdkkh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sfhys tla;rd

wdldrhl ixjsOdkd;aul njla olakg ,efnz' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a ndysr f,dalfhyss

mj;sk W;af;ack wms ixcdkkh lrkafka lsishuz wdldrhlg ixjsOdkd;aul njlska hqla;

W;af;ack jYfhkah' fmfkk W;af;acl" wefik W;af;acl" oefkk W;af;acl" wd>@dKh jk

W;af;acl yd ri jsZsosk W;af;acl jYfhka fuz ish,q wdldr jQ W;af;ackhkag ixjsOdk rgdjla

;sfnz' ixjsOdkd;aul Ndjfhka nq|=iufhys oelafjk fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq iuhjdohkays

jsia;r flfrkakd jQ fuhg iudkFjh .kakd fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd mrsmQrAK iajNdjhlska

hqla; jSu fya;fldg f.k jvd;a myiqfjka yd jvd;a ;Sj@ f,i mqoa., uki flfrys Okd;aul

n,mEula l< yels W;af;aclhla jYfhka yZ|=kd .ekSug fuz wkqj ms<sjk' fu;a;d

38

idrOrAufhys ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hg;g .efkkafka fu;a;d

idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh yd fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk

wdldr yd wjia:d oek.ekSu hk lreKq ms<snZoj flfrkakdjQ idlpzPdjhs' fu;a;d

idrOrAufhys ixcdkk me;slv hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafkao by; oelafjk ixcdkk mokuh'

fuysoS idlpzPdjg .efkkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo ukfia we;sjk jspdr mQrAjl woyi

ixcdkk moku f,i ie,fla' uQ,slju fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu th l@shd;aul l<hq;

yd l@shd;aul l<yels wjia:d nqoaOsuh jYfhka jsurAYkhg ,lalsrSu ;<ska jv jvd;a by<

nqoaOsuh ia:r hgf;a tu ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz wjia:d Wodfjz' fuh fpz;kdj yd noaO jQ

jevms<sfj,ls' fpz;kdfjz jsjsOFjh wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amfha Ndjs;h jsjsOjk whqre fuu

mrspzfPAofhaoS .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,laflfrkq we;'

prAhd moku ( Foundation of Behaviour ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis

idrOrAuhla ms<snZo wdpdr jsoHd;aul m@ia;;hhs' fuz hgf;a idrOrAuh iuznJO wod< yeisrSuz

rgdj wOHhkh lrkq ,efnz' huz wjia:djloS l@shdl< hq; ksjeros wdldrh lulaoehs jsksYaph

lsrSfuzoS mdol lr.kafka idrOrAuhs' fuh iodpdr jsksYaph ( Moral Judgement ) f,i

yeZoskafjzz' fuz wkqj idrOrAu yd iodpdrh w;r iuSm iuznJO;djhla ;sfnz' fuz ksid prAhd

moku hg;g wdpdr jsoHd;aul yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu ms<snZo jQ jsYaf,aIKhka wka;rA.;h'

idrOrAuhla yqfola jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdfjz' th wjidk jYfhka l@shdfjka m@ldYs;

prAhdjls' mqoa., prAhdj ms<snZoj fndfyda lreKq prAhdjdoh ( Behaviour ) ms<snZoj yeoerSu

uZ.ska o; yelsh' prAhdj fukau uki o ksrSCIKh l< yels yd ueKsh yels fohla nj

jrA;udkfhysoS ms<sf.k yudrh' jsfYaIfhka mdrfN#;sl jsoHdZ{hska fujeks wdl,am or;s'

udkisl wdl,am ueKsh yels l@uh f,i Tjqka jsiskau bosrsm;a lrk prAhdj mdol lr.;a; o

fu;a;d ixl,amh hk ufkda .;sl iajNdjh ke;fyd;a ixcdkkuh W;af;ackh uZ.ska usksia

udkisl iajNdjfhys ie,lsh hq; Okd;aul fjkila fyj;a m@jrAOkhla fmkakquz lrkq ,nk

nj m@;HCI jYfhkau o; yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska usksia ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@hg

is|= l< yels n,meu wOHhkh lrkq ,nkafka fujka miqnsula mdol lrf.kh'

YS, YsCIdj prAhd ixialrK l@ufjzohla f,i;a ksrAjdK.duSFjh lrd hk

l@usl jevmsfjf<ys mQrAj m@;smodjla f,i;a nq|=iufhys wrA: olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhlf.a

udkisl miqnsug prAhdj uZ.ska n,meula l<yels nj ms<s.ekSug ,laj we;' fuz woyi uZola

|=rg YS, YsCIKh iuznJOfhka nq|=iufhys js.@y jk woyi iuZ. iuSm iuznJOhla fmkajhs'

fuhska m@lg jk jeo.;a lreK kuz ufkdajsoHdZ{hska jsiska prAhd ixcdkkh kSrAKh

lsrSfuys,d jeo.;a idOlhla fldg .kq ,enQfjz tys ksrSCIK Yla;sh .enzjSuh' fmros.

ufkdajsoHdj huz mqoa.,fhlf.a ixcdkk fCIa;@h iDcq f,iu ksrSCIKhg yd mrSCIKhg

Ndckh lsrSug;a ta uZ.ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;re msgsjy,a lrf.k th Ndjd;aul mCIfhys

ixjrAOkhg yd Okd;aul ixialrKhkag fhdod .ekSug yels ;rfuz oshqKq ;;ajhl mej;sks'

39

fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj fmros. woajs;Sh oekquz iuq|=r;< uq|=ka u,a lvla f,i b;du;a by<

ia:dkhl jecUqks' jsjsO jsIhhkaf.ka fmdaIKh ,nuska l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkh fjuska mej;s

fmros. pska;lhska jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o jsjsO ufkdajsYaf,aIKhkays jsjsO wvqmdvq |=r,d ta

fjkqjg uekjska wdfoaY l< yels mrsmQrAK yd wx.iuzmQrAK l@ufjzohla fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj

jsiska f,djg odhdo lrkq ,ensK' fmros. oekquz moaO;sh oshqKq jSug n,mEfjz tys wvx.`

odrAYksl mCIfhys jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz ksrka;rfhka is|= jSuh' tu w;aoelSuz iDcq f,iu

ixcdkk l@shdj<sh jsjsO f,i Ndjs;d lruska is|= lrkq ,nk m@jrAOkd;aul m@;HCIlsrSuzh' tu

m@;HlaI wjfndaOhka jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz weiqrska f.dv keZ.S mej;sK' ta ;;ajh hgf;a fmros.

ufkdajsoHd fCIa;@h ;< huzlsis ixl,amhl ixcdkk w;ayod ne,Suz yd m@jrAOkd;aul Ndjs;d

lsrSuz ksrSCIKh lsrSfuys,d wx. iuzmQrAK yd mrsmQrAK fidhd.ekSula f,i ie,flk fn#oaO

ufkdajsoHdfjz ixcdkk moku iDcq ksrSCIK lsrSuz uZ.skau ta ms<snZo ish,qu f;dr;re ,nd .;

yels ugzgfuz oshqKqjla w;am;a lrf.k ;snsKs' tmuKla fkdj ;ukag wjYH wdldrfha ps;a;

oshqKqjla yd prAhd ixjrAOkhla we;s lr .ekSug bjy,a jk wdldrfhka wjia:dfkdaps;

ixl,am ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d flfia Ndjs;hg .kafkao hk lreKq ms<snZoj fn#oaO

ufkdajsoHdj Wkka|=jla olajd ;snsKs' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk l@shdj<sh yd tlS

ixcdkk l@shdj<shg iu.duSj prAhd mCIfhka mqoa.,fhla ,nd .kakd iqjsfYaIS li,;d yd

yelshdjka fudkjdoehs hkak;a iDcq ksrSCIKhka ;<skau jgyd.ekSug ;ruz oshqKq ;,hl

fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj mj;akd nj wjsjdos;h'22 prAhdjdohg wh;a lreKq uZ.ska fu;a;d

ixl,amh ixcdkk jSu yd iduQysl yeisrSuz rgdfjz ixjrAOkh flfrys Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq

,nk wdldrh meyeos,s lrhs' wk;rej fu;a;d ixl,amfhys prAhd moku hgf;a tys wdpdr

jsoHd;aul miqnsu ms<snZo jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz.fuhg wh;a jkqfha we;a; l:d lsrSu" wkqkag

Wojz lsrSu" jsYajdih /lSu" iudc m@;sudk lv fkdlsrSu ( mxpYS, m@;smodj )" fmdfrdka|=

bgqlsrSu" iduQysl j.lSfuka hqla;j l@shdlsrSu" wkHhkag iyfhda.h oelajSu" bjiSu" ;ekam;a

iajNdjh" iudkd;au;djh" uD|= fudf<dla nj" wk;sudkS nj yd wdpdrYS,S mej;u hk

lreKqh. ;@smsgl idys;Hh ;< wka;rA.; nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska ish Y@djlhkag wkq.ukh

fldg l@shdjg kZ.d ;ud jsiskau mila lr .kakd f,i kshu lr jod< ldh luzu yd jpS

luzuhkag wod< ish,qu li,.duS yd mqKH.duS lreKq prAhd mokug wka;rA.; fia oelajsh

yelsh'

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl jsiska w;am;a lr.kq ,nk

prAhd oshqKqj m@ldYhg meusfKkafka iS, YsCIdfjks' iS, YsCIdfjys wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj

wOHhkh wdpdr jsoHdjg wh;ah' tfiau prAhdj wOHhkh lrkqfhao wdpdr jsoHdj uZ.sks' tu

ksid prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsYaf,aIKfhoS wdpdr jsoHd;aul iajrEmfha js.@yhla fuu

phH!d;aul fldgig wka;rA.; lr ;sfnz' jsYoaOs udrA.h fn#oaO ixl,amhkays ixcdkk yd

prAhd moku u; lrk legm;la fia .sKsh yelsh' thska uQ,sl mshjfrys isg wjidk mshjr

olajd l@udkQl~, f,i jsia;r flfrkqfha prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska wjYH lrk ixcdkk li,;dj

40

,nd .kafka flfiao hk lreKhs' tfiau tfia ,nd .kakd ,o ixcdkk li,;djh Wmfhda.S

lr .ksuska wjYH lrk prAhd oshqKqjg m;a jk wdldrh o tys uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'

fuys oS jsYoaOsudrA.h wOHhkh uZ.ska wdpdr jsoHdj yd wOs wdpdr jsoHdj ms<snZoj fmr wmr

foos. odrAYksl u;hkag wkql~,jk mrsoafoka fu;a;d idrOrAufhys .enzjk wdpdr jsoHd;aul

ikaorANh yd ixcdkk fCIa;@h .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,lalsrSu yd t;<ska nq|= oyu ;<

wka;rA.; jsoHd;aul pska;kh uekjska yZ|=kd.ekSu l< yelsh' fuysoS wdod< odrAYkslhkaf.a

kHdhhka iuZ. fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;<kd;aul f,i jsYaf,aIKh flfrkafka fn#oaO iQ;@

foaYkd ;< wka;rA.; odrAYksl yd kHdhd;aul nj meyeos,sj m@lg lsrSu msKsih' tfukau

jevs |=rg;a fulS jsIhhka ms<snZoj mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhys fhfokaklg th jeo.;a jsh yels

fyhsks' prAhdmoku iZoyd jskh msglhg wh;a lreKq;a ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of

Cognition ) iZoyd iQ;@ yd wNsOrAu msglhkays wka;rA.; iQ;@ foaYkd;a Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efnz'

md,s ixialD; yd bx.@Sis NdIdjkag wu;rj fjk;a NdIdjkaf.ka rps; ;@smsgl yd wjfYaI uQ,

.@J:hkays wka;rA.; f;dr;reo fuz iZoyd Ndjs;hg .; yelsh'

� idrOrAuidrOrAuidrOrAuidrOrAu ms<snZo jsoHd;aul mokums<snZo jsoHd;aul mokums<snZo jsoHd;aul mokums<snZo jsoHd;aul moku

( Scientific Foundation about Values )

idrOrAu jkdyS udkj ixcdkk ( The Field of Cognition ) fCIa;@hg jsIh

jkakd jQ ixl,amhkah ( Concepts )' huzlsis ixl,amhla ixcdkkh jkafka flfiao hk lreK

uekjska wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska udkjhka i;jk iqjsfYaIS idrOrAu yZ|=kd.ekSug WmldrSfjz'

idrOrAu cSj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yg .kafka flfiaoEhs jgyd.ekSug tnZ|= wOHhkhka ukd

msgsjy,ls' iEu iFj jsfYaIhlgu Wreu iqjsfYaIS .;s,laIK we;' usksid we;ZM jdkr

jsfYaIhkag wh;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha cSjSkagu muKla iqjsfYaIs; .;s,laIK ksid udkj jrA.hd

fjk;a i;aj jsfYaI w;rska fjkalr myiqfjka yZ|=kd.; yel'ta ms<snZoj jsjsO mrAfhaIK

is|=lr we;'fud<fha taiZoydu fjkajQ ffi, jsfYaIhla o udkjhd we;ZM fjk;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha

i;aj jsfYaIhkag Wreu nj fidhdf.k ;sfnz'udkjhkaf.a fud<fha tnZ|= ffi, m@udKh fiiq

m@hsfugdjkag idfmalaIlj by< w.hla .kshs' funZ|= lreKq ksid udkj idrOrAu iqjsfYaIs;dj

ms<snZoj Ydia;@Sh ks.ukj,g ;rAldkQl~,j meusKSug ixcdkk fCIa;@h cSj jsoHd;aulj

yeoErSu b;d m@fhdackj;ah' fu;a;d keue;s idrOrAuh o tla;rd wdldrhl ixl,amhls'

ixl,am iFjhka;<g m@fjzY jkafka ixcdkkh keue;s cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh ;<sks' fuys

jsfYaIFjh jkqfha fuu ixcdkkh keue;s l@shdj,sfhys cSj jsoHd;aul jgskdlula fukau

odrAYksl jgskdlula o .enzjSuhs' jsfYaIfhka ngysr odrAYkslhka w;rska fndfyda fofkl fuz

ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj mrAfhaIKh lsrSug Wkka|= jkakg jQfha ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .enzjk

fulS odrAYksl jgskdlu ksidh' Cognition hk jpkfhka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka yeZoskSu"

oekSu" Wm,nzOsh" ixcdkkh" kqjK hk woyiah' ixcdkkh hkqfjka oelafjkafkao fuhuh'

udkjprAhd ixialrKhg wjYH wdl,am ikaksfjzokh f,i fuu ixcdkkh hk moh

41

ksrAjpkh l< yelsh' mqZM,a jsurAYkhkays oS th wksjdrAhfhkau iSud iys; njla .ekSug

mqZMjk' 23

udkj ixcdkk fCIa;@h" ( The Field of Human Cognition ) wm woyia

lrkqfha ukqIH iajNdjh olajkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,ihs' wju jYfhka idudkH ukqIHhka

jsiska Tjqka ienjskau fkdolskakd jQ foa ishZM foa ms<snZoju oekSula we;s lr.kq ,nkqfha fuu

ixcdkk fCIa;@h ;<sks'24 ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys mj;akd jQ fulS ishquz nj ksid tu jsIh

ms,snZoj ishquz lreKq wkdjrKh lr.; hq;af;ao uD|= njska ishquz jQ is;sks' ulaksido h;a oevs

jkakg jkakg isf;ys uD|= yd ishquz nj jskdY jS hk fyhsks' fldamfhka yd oafjzIfhka is; rZM

yd oevs lrk w;r ffu;@sfhka is; uD|= yd ishquz lrkq ,nhs' fuz fya;j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh

ixcdkkh lr;au is; uD|= yd ishquz jS isf;ys nqoaOsuh .Kh jrAOkh fjz' pska;kh"

iaurKh" wdjrAckh" bf.kSu" ldjH ridiajdoh yd ;rAldkQl~,nj jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl

,laIK nqoaOsuh .K f,i ie,fla' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSfuka uD|= yd ishquz njg

m;ajkq is;lg jvd myiqfjka fun|= Wiia ufkda.;sl iajNdj lrd ,Z.djsh yel' 25

ixcdkkh iy uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj ( Cognation and early

Experimental Psychology ) fuysoS jeo.;a ;ekla .kq ,nk jsIh fCIa;@hls' ufkda jsoHdfjz

werUqu f,i t<sorjq jkqfha uSg wjqre|= ish .Kklg fmr mej;s huz jsoHd;aul YsCIKhla

f,ihs' tfiau th wfkl;a jsIhhkaf.ka fjkajQ YsCIKhla f,i mrsKduh fjuska mej;sKs' fuz

wjia:dfjzoS tu jsIh ms<snZo jsIhdkQl~, wjfndaOh jevsj;au th orAYkfhka yd iudc

jsoHdfjka lD;s@uj muKla fjka jQ jsIhhla njg m;ajsh' tfukau th cSj jsoHdfjka o"

idudkH jYfhka fN#;sl jsoHdfjka o fjka jQjla njg m;ajsh' kuq;a th widudkH

isoaOdka;hla fkdfjz' 26 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku yeoErSfuzoS uq,a

mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj jeo.;a jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska ixcdkkh jSfuzoS fud<h

yd iakdhq moaO;sh thg olajkakd jQ m@;spdrh u; isrefrA cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh tuZ.ska

md,kh jk wdldrh;a" odrAYksl mCIfhka tlS cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh cSj ixy;sfhys

m@jrAOkh iZoyd WmldrS jk wdldrh;a"27 jsoHdkQl~, f,i tuZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lr olajk

nejsks'wNsOrAu msglfhys oS jsYaf,aIKh lr olajkafka fuu ;;ajhhs' 28

fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku ms<snZoj ( Metta Concept & & & &

Foundation of Cognition ) lreKq idlpzPdjg .ekSfuz oS nqoaOsh hkq lulaoehs uZola meyeos,s

lr.ekSu jeo.;ah' fuysoS huzlsis idrOrAuhl ixcdkk moku hkqfjka woyia jkafka nqoaOsuh

ia:rh nj l,ska iZoyka lrk ;sfnz' nqqoaOsh hkqfjka wm jsiska ksrAjpkh lr.kakd foh lulao

hkak ms<snZoj huzlsis tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSug is|=fjz' fuysoS jspdrd;aul nj" iyc lY,;djh"

m@;sNdj" mrsl,amk Yla;sh" ksirA.h" ksrAudKYS<SFjh" ;ksj ;SrK .ekSfuz yelshdj"

bf.kqfuys yelshdj" is;Su" pska;kh" ukkh hkdoS lreKq rdYshla tlg tla;eka jQ

42

wjia:djlg wm nqoaOsh hkqfjka jHjydr lrk nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' by; olajk ,o wjia:d

rdYsh w;rska nqoaOsh hkqfjka ienjskau wm ksrAjpkh lrkafka lulao$ fuz ish,a,uo$

ke;fyd;a tajd w;rska tllao$ kQ;k jHjydrhg wkqj wrA: olajkafka kuz nqoaOsh hkafkka

jHjydr jkqfha ksrAudKYS,sFjh nj fmfka' fiiq wjia:djka nqoaOshg wka;rA.; jqj;a usksidf.a

ksrAudKhlg mjd wka;rA.; l< yels fuj,uz nj mejfia' fuz hgf;a mj;akd foa Wmfhda.S

fldg f.k kj foa m@;sNdj weiqrska nsys lsrSu ksrAudKYS,sFjh f,i ie<fla' wm l:d lrkafka

idrOrAu ms<snZoj ksid ienjskau idrOrAu ixl,amhkays ksrAudKYS,S miqnsula .enzjkafkao

keoao hkak ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduqfldg ne,sh hq;h' idrOrAu ixl,amhkays miqnsu ms<snZoj

jspdr mQrAjlj we.hqulg ,la lsrSu tys moku .fjzIKh hkafka woyihs' ta wdldrhg huzlsis

idrOrAu ixl,amhl fuu ksrAudKYS,S moku wka;rA.; fjz kuz tu idrOrAu ixl,amfhys

ixcdkk fCIa;@h wka;rA.; hehs mejish yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj fuz wdldrhgu

wjOdkh fhduq lr ne,qjfyd;a tys ksrAudKYS,S nj wka;rA.;o keoao hkak ms<snZoj jgyd .;

yelsjkq we;'

� nqoaOsnqoaOsnqoaOsnqoaOsfhys iajNdjhfhys iajNdjhfhys iajNdjhfhys iajNdjh ( Nature of intelligence )

fu;a;d ixl,amh;<ska W;aidylrkqfha iuia; cSj m@cdj tlg tlalr ;enSuhs'

nz,Qlhsuz wdoSka idrOrAu jkdyS iudc ue,shula (Social Binder) f,io wrA: olajkq ,enqfjz

idrOrAu ixl,amhkays wka;rA.; fuu .Kdx.h ksidhs' cSjfhys m@Odku .Kdx.h jkqfha

cSjhg ys;iqj iemhSfuz jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh lr oSuhs' fjk;a jsosylska lsjfyd;a ukqIHhd

we;ZM iEu cSjsfhlgu fuf,dj jdih lsrSfuzoS fuf,dj jdikdjka; ia:dkhla tfukau jdihg

Wps; ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu uqZMukskau mejfrkafkao usksid m@Odk fldg

we;s il, cSj m@cdj fj;uh' fuysoS usksid ksrAudKYS,sFjh w;ska fiiq wfkla iFj j.!hdg

jvd fndfyda fihska bosrsfhka isgsk ksid fiiq iFj m@cdjgu fuf,dj jdih lsrSug Wps;

ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu usksidgu mejfrA'

nq|=iuh usksidf.a fuu nqoaOsuh yelshdj ms<s.kakd w;ru fuf,dj fiiq iFj

j.!hdgo cSj;ajSfuz whs;shla we;snj ms<s.kakd f,i usksidg n,lr mjid isgshs' tfukau fiiq

cSj m@cdj iuZ. iyfhda.Sj cSj;ajsh hq; nj o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksid ksrAudKYS,S ukqIHfhla

jkafka iajNdj OrAuh iuZ. tlaj l@shd lsrSu uZ.sks' ienjskau iajNdjh" iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S

ienjskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' iajNdj OrAufhys ksrAudKYS,SFjh usksidg" usksia nqoaOshg jgyd.;

fkdyels ;ruskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' fuz ksidu fuu l@shdj,sh ksjerosj lr.; fkdyels jSu ksidu

f,dj nsysjQ we;euz wd.uz yd orAYk uZ.ska iajNdj OrAuh ke;fyd;a iuia; cSj yd wcSj

iajNdjhu tla;rd wdldrhlska mqoa., iajrEmhlska i,ld ;sfnz' ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh

werfUkakg uQ,sl nSchka fuz ;;ajh mdol lrf.k we;s jQ nj meyeos,sh' ksrAudKjdoS wd.usl

yd odrAYksl ixl,am nsys jS we;af;a iajNdj OrAuh i; wmQrAj yelshdj usksia nqoaOsh ;<ska

43

js.@y lsrSfuzoS mek kZ.skakg jQ jsjsO wkjfndaO ;;ajhka lrK fldg f.kh' ksis wdldrfhka

fya;M, js.@yhlg wiu;a jSu fya;fjks' fuh tla;rd |=rlg ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .egZMuh

;;ajhla f,i o fmkajd osh yelsh' wrA:jka ixcdkkhla l< yels jkafka ixcdkk fCIa;@h

jsjsO wkjYH iSud meKjSuz j,ska ksoyiaj mj;akd jsg muKla nejska fujeks iSud meKjSuz

mj;sk ;;aFjhla ;< oS tuZ.ska we;s lrjkakd jQ ixcdkkh jsOsu;a yd mrsmQrAK hehs

ks.uhlg meusKSug fldfy;au mqZMjka lula we;af;a ke;' tu ksid tjka ixcdkk fCIa;@hka

uZ.ska ,nd .kakd jsjsO ;SrK wrA:l:k j, iajrEmh iSud iys; jSu fkdje<elajsh yelsh'

ksrAudKYS,sFjh jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl iajNdjhka ukfiys W;af;ackh jkqfha

uki rZM wdl,am j,ska yd iSud lsrSuz jeks wys;lr ixcdkk w;aoelSuz j,ska f;drj mj;sk

jsgh' ufkda.;sl jYfhka ishquz ;;ajlg ixcdkk fCIa;@h m;a lrjSug udkisl yelshdj we;s

jkafka jsjsO wOsldruh ;;ajhkaf.ka uki fkdje<lajqjfyd;a muKs' wOsldruh iajNdjhlska

f;dr jQ uki b;du;a ishquzh' wjia:djkag Wps; mrsos .eUqre ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks;

lsrSfuz YlH;d we;sjkqfha uki ishquznj jsgh' isysh;a wLKav ksrSCIKd;aul jsYaf,aIK

ixcdkkh;a ;<ska jsmiaikd pska;kh ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@h fuf;la mej;shd jQ

mrsudKhg jvd jevs meyeos,s oelaula ,enSfuz wjldYh Wodjk mrsos mqZM,a lsrSulg nZ|=ka

lrkqfha by; olajk ,o wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki wjia:dfkdaps; mrsos .eUqre

ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;djhka iys; ksidh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh fu;a;d

ixl,amh iuZ. ieifokafka flfiao$ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uqLHdrA:h jkqfha ys; us;re njhs'

fuu ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,So$ ksrAudKYS,Snj hkq is;du;d wZM;ska f.dvkZ.k njhs'us;@YS,S

udkisl miqnsu;< kejquznj ms<snZo jsjsO wdl,am f.dv kefZ.a' kejquz nj fukau tlg tlalrk

taldnoaO;djh we;s lrk nj o olakg we;' fuhska woyia flfrkqfha us;@Fjh ke;fyd;a

ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,S njhs' ksrAudKYS,S pska;khla fkdue;s ;eke;a;dg f.dvkZ.d .ekSula

l<yels fkdfjz' ys;j;a iajNdjh we;sjkqfha fuu f.dvkeZ.Su ;<sks' iuia; cSj m@cdj iuZ.

us;@Fjh f.dvkZ.kqfha fuu ksrAudKYS,S pska;kh uZ.sks' fuz olajd f,dj nsysjQ fY@aIaG

ia:dkhla orkakd jQ ksrAudK usksia j.!hdf.a hym; fjkqfjka nsysjQ ksrAudK fjz' tfia

fkdjkakdjQ foa j,g meje;aula fkdue;' iajNdj OrAuhu thg tfrysj keZ.S isgshs' wm l:d

lrkakdjQ iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh fkdfjz' kuq;a iajNdj OrAuh fyj;a

iajNdjh jQ l,S ksrjfYaIfhkau ksrAudKYS,Sh' th tfia jkafka iajNdj OrAuh;< .enzjk cSj

ys;jdoS iajNdjh ksidh' fuu cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh lrK fldgf.ku iuia; cSjh fuz olajd

fuu f,dj;< fkdkeiS /ZoS mj;shs' tfia iajNdjOrAuh ;< cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjhla

ksrjfYaIfhkau fkd;snqkd kuz fuz wdldrfhka cSj m@cdj fuf,dj wLKavj fuz olajd

mj;skafka ke;'

cSj m@cdj fuz whqrska fuz f,dj mj;skafka Tjqkaf.a jdihg ys;lr foaY.Ksl

rgdj;a Tjqka tlsflld flfrys olajkakdjQ ys;j;anj fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;`

44

fldgf.kh' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz ksidu cSj m@cdjf.a wLKav meje;au iqrCIs; lrkakdjQ

idrOrAu ixl,amhla f,ig fmkajd osh yelsh' fuz wLKav meje;au rZod mj;skafka usksid jsiska

ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSka flfrys ie,ls,su;a jk muKgh' usksid ;ud muKla usys

;,fhys isgskd tlu cSjshd fldg is;hso ta ;dla l,a ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSkaf.a meje;aug

usksidf.ka t,a, jkafka ;rAckhlauh' fuz ;;ajh usksid;< yg.ekSug oevs wd;audrA:fhka

uQ,djg m;a jSu fya;fjz' ;ud jgd oevsfldg we;s wd;audrA:fha oevs udkisl mjqr nsZo oukafka

kuz muKla tjsg usksidg h:drA:fhys iqjZo wd>@dKh l< yelsjkq we;' jsjsO wh fkdfhl;a

lreKq wrUhd jsgska jsg m<lrkq ,nk wrA:l:k fyda ;ukaf.a pska;k iSudjg muKla iSudjQ

mgq ,dul foa h:drA:h fkdfjz' th uy;a mqZM,aj iudch jsIfhys wrA: iuzmkak m@Z{df.dapr

mrudorAYhla jsh hq;h' fuu m@Z{d f.dapr nj fyj;a m@{dfjys iSud udhsuz oelajSu is|=

flfrkqfha ixcdkk ia:rh uZ.sks' ixcdkk w;aoelSuz ,nkakg ,nkakg fuu iSudfjys jmirsh

o mqZM,a yd meyeos,s njg m;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh b;d fydZoska isf;ys jrAOkh jS we;s nj

fuu jmirsh mqZM,a njg m;a jSug fya;jls' tmuKla o fkdj jvd;a jsjD; udkislFjhlska

hqla;j ;SrKhkag t<USug yd i;Hhg <Z.d jSug fuz uZ.ska yelshdj we;s fjz'

� fu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amh yd nq|=oyuyd nq|=oyuyd nq|=oyuyd nq|=oyu

( ( ( ( Metta Concept & Buddhism )

nq|= oyfuys fuz ms<snZo b;du;a jeo.;a jsYaf,aIKhla ld,du iQ;@fhys jsoHudk

fjz' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@y jkafka fuu jsjD; udkisl ugzguhs' wkqka lshk ksid ((((Report)""""

mruzmrdkq.;j meusKs ksid (Trdition)"""" fufiajsh yelshhs wkqudk lsrSu ksid ( ( ( ( Prologue)"

iduzm@odhslj .@J:dkq.;j mej; wd nejska ((((Giving in the Scripture)" ;rAlhg tlZ. hehs

jegyS.sh muKska (Logical Implication)"""" kHdhg tlZ.hehs jegyS.sh muKska (Nomological

Implication)"""" fuz lreK hym;ahehs ixl,amkh lsrSu ksid (Diversification of Thought)""""

l,ska ;SrKhfldg nei.;a ks.ukhkag yd oDIagSkag iudk ksid ((((Coincide the Aspects)""""

wjjdo fokakd .Kjf;l nejska ( Potentiatity)" yd ;u .rejrhdf.a lSula nejska

(Consultations of Preceptor)" hk lreKq oyh ( 10 ) flaJ|@.; fldgf.k jsjD;

udkislFjhlska f;drj wjspdr mQrAjl f,i l@shd lsrSu i;r n@yau jsyrKhka isf;ys jrAOkh

fkdjSug fya;jla f,i ld,du iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS ;sfnz'29

i;r n@yau jsyrKhkays fiiq jsyrKhka jk lreKd" uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk

fiiq ufkda .;slhkag mdol jkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuu .Kdx. i;r ksid ukfiys

iDKd;aul wdl,am bj;ajS uki msrsis|= fjz'fndfyda oDIags.;sl wdjrKhkaf.ka uki ixjD;

jSug iDKd;aul wdl,am bjy,afjz' jsjsO wOsldrS pska;k ;;aj udkisl jsjD;njg ndOd we;s

lrkqfha oDIags.;sl iDKd;aul wdl,am ksidh'fuz ksid jsjD; udkislFjfhka flfkl neyerg

45

h;au fu;a;d ixl,amfhka o neyer jk nj fuz wkqj ks.ukh l< yel' by; ld,du iQ;@d.;

jsjD; udkislFjh jkdyS iDcqju udkj ixcdkk lafIa;@hg iuznkaO jQjls' fuhska

we.fjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg.ekSug yd yg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh

jSug kuz Bg irs,k mrsoafoka ilia lrk,o fyda ilia lr.kakd ,o ixcdkk lafIa;@hla

udkjhd ;< ;snsh hq;u njhs' huz flfkl ;< jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ ixcdkk lafIa;@fhys

m@udKhgu ta mqoa.,hd ;< fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jSfuys wjia:djla uska meyeos,sju

fmkakquz lrhs'

fjk;a iuh jdohkays fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz ixcdkk

fCI;@hka ms<snZoj idlpzPdjk nj fmkqk o tajdfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@hkays mj;sk iSud iys;

iajNdjh bosrsfha bka mqfrdal:s; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .uzNSr;djh yd irAj iuzmQrAK Ndjh

tl iudk hehs f.k yer mEug fkdyelsh' ld,du iQ;@fhys iZoyka oi jsO ixcdkk iSudjka

;< tu wrA: l:k rduqq.; jS we;' tu ksid bka ksIamkak jk prAhd;aul mCIh o wksjdrAh

rduq.; jSulg iSud jS ;sfnz' ksoiqkla f,i ls;Kq iuh ;< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jkakdjQ

fm@auh hk ixl,amh ixcdkk iajNdjh w;ska nq|=iuh ;< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jk

fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd iSus; rduqjl wrA:l:kh jk iajNdjhla .ekSu fmkajd osh yel'

isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jSu ldhsl jYfhka prAhd oshqKqjla f,i

ndysrska m@ldYhg meusfKk wdldrh ld,du iQ;@fhysu uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'

m@dK>d;h" fidrlu" mrodr fiajkh" uqidjdoh yd wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros yeisrSuzj,

kshqla; lrjSu Wfoid fm<UjSuz lsrSu hk lreKq mfika ( 5 ) je<lSu tu prAhd oshqKqj nj

fmkajd oS we;'30 fuu prAhd oshqKqj we;s jkafka udkisl jYfhka ksrdhdifhkau tu jeros

yeisrSuzj, we;s idjoH iajNdjh jgyd.ekSug tlS mqoa.,hdgu yelshdj ,efnkafka fu;a;d

ixl,amh ;< wka;rA.; iuia; cSj j.!hd jsIfhys mj;akd jQ cSj ys;jdoS us;re iajNdjh

ksidh'

prAhdjka ilia lsrSug wjYHjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@;scdkd;aul n,mEu

ld,du iQ;@fhys olakg ,efnk mxpjsO m@;smodj uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA'31 tys wjika wx.h

f,i olajd ;sfnkafka fm<UjSuz kHdhhs' fm<UjSuz kHdhh jQ l,S idjoH yd ksrjoH hk

fohdldrfhkau Ndjs;hg .efkhs' fu;a;d ixl,amhg m@;smCI ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a wys;lr

n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh idjoH whqrska Ndjs;hg tlajk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh ksrjoH wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg tla fjz'32

� fu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amh yd fn#oaO jskhyd fn#oaO jskhyd fn#oaO jskhyd fn#oaO jskh

( Metta Concept & Buddhist Disciplinary )

46

fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku uZ.ska f,dalh ;< ukqIH jrA.hdf.a

meje;au iZoyd olajkakd jQ Wmfhda.s;djh ( Foundation of Cognition in Metta Concept

for Utility of Human Living in the world ) ms<snZo lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSu fuysoS

jeo.;ah' nq|=iuh ;< fu;a;dj ms,snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuz oS th wksjdrAhfhkau n@yauprAhdfjz

moku f,i wrA:l:h lsrSug yelsh' ixidr jsuqla;sh ,enSu tkuz ksrAjdKdjfndaOhg m;ajSu

;u cSjs;fhys tlu wfmalaIdj fldg.;a m@:u fndaOshg wh;a uq,a hq.fhys iuznq|= iiqkgjka

NslaIQka fj;ska iuQyhhdf.a meje;aug wys;lr wrAnqo we;s fkdjsks'33 ta ksidu wuq;fjka jskh

YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhla nq|= ysushkag we;s fkdjsks' tu hq.fhys mej;sfha NsCIqjlf.a

iajNdjh ljrlaoehs ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuz jYfhka yd iiqkg msjsfik ieoeye;shkg iuznq|=

iiqk hkq lulaoehs meyeos,s lroSuz jYfhka foaYkd lrk,o ishZM nq|=jrhka jykafia,du

yqfola pdrs;@hla jYfhka Wfoik ,oaod jQ my; oelafjk wrA:j;a m@ldYkh muKs'

" ish,q wli,ska |=re jSu" li,a lsrSu yd oshqKq lsrSu" ;udf.a is; mssrsis|= lsrSu

hk fuz nq|=jrhkaf.a wkqYdikhhs'" fu;a;d ixl,amh l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkhg m;a lr.ekSu

uZ.ska ixcdkk yd prAhd lafIa;@ j, l@shdldrS;ajh Wiia njg m;alr.; yel' uska woyia

jkqfha tu ldrAhh idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd nq|=jre jsiska msKsi bosrsm;a lrk ,o jev

ms<sfj<hs' fuz ;< m<uqj wkHhkayg ysxid mSvd is|= jk iajlSh ffoksl prAhdjkaf.ka

yels;dla je<lSu;a ta ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh wjYHlrk ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl

jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh jSu;a is|= fjz' fujka iudc mrsirhla ;< oS jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d

ixl,amh ish is;a i;kays jrAOkh msKsi fjr .kakd ;eke;a;dyg ;j |=rg;a lsis|= wdd.ka;l

ndOdjka rys;ju tu ixl,amh ixcdkk fjz' ixcdkkh jkakg jkakg ixcdkk fCI;@fhys

uqZM uy;a jmirshu fu;a;d ixl,amfhka msrS b;srS hkakg fjz' fuu l@shdj<sh uqZM uy;a iudc

iqrCIs;;djh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula is|= lrkakd jQ ldrKla o fjz'

"bjiSu fuz iiafkys mru ;mihs' nq|=jre mfia nq|=jre uy ry;ayq ksrAjdKh

fl<jr fldg we;s wkqYdikdjla u flfr;a' wkHhkag ysxid mSvd lrkakd mejsoafola fyda

Y@uKfhla fkdfjz' wkHhka fkdfm<d fkdrsojd lghq; lsrSu Y@uK OrAuhhs'"34 bjiSu nq|=

iiqfkys mru ;mi f,i oelajSu uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha YS, YslaIKh f.dvkeZ.S we;s

mokuhs' tkuz wjsysxidj m@;smodjhs' wkqka ;udg fld;ruz ysxidldrS foa is|=l< ta flfrys

WfmalaIlj bjik mqoa.,hd mru wjsysxidjdosfhls' tfukau wkHhka jsIfhys oevs ffu;@S

mQrAjl wdl,amhlska hqla;j lghq; lrkafkls' ksrAjdKh olajd osfjk fn#oaO m@;smodj ;<

ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdjg yd ffu;@S pska;khg ,efnk iqjsYd, jeo.;alu fuhska fudkjg fy<s

fmfy<s fjz' tmuKla o fkdj ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdfjka hqla;j lghq; lsrSuu iajlSh wd.usl

mQcH mCIfhys mru ldrAhh jYfhkao nq|= ysushka i,ld we;s nj fuhska fmfka' tf,i

fkdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd Y@uKfhla fyda mejsoafola fkdjk nj oelajSu ;< n@dyauK yd Y@uK

iuzm@odh oajs;ajh w;frka n@yauK iuzm@odh;< wjsoHudk uq;a uqZM uy;a Y@uK iuzm@odh;<u

47

wka;rA.;j we;s iqjsfYaIS ,CIKh jk fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldgf.k iliaj we;s nj fu

uZ.ska ksrEms;h'

"wkHhkag wmjdo nsKqfuys yd wkHkaf.a jeros wvqmdvq fijqfuys ksr; fkdjSu

o" m@d;sfudCI ixjrfhka hqla;j jsfjzl fikiqkays jsiqu o" fNdackfhys u;a;Z[aZC|=;djh o(

wdcSj mdrsYoaOs YS,h yd m@;H ikaksY@s; YS,h ) " isys kqjKska hqla;j fhoS jdih flreu o"

wOsps;a;fhys tkuz f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r OHdk iudm;a;s ps;a;fhys jShH! flreu o" fuzjd

ish,q nq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikh fjz'" wkHkag fodaIdfrdamKh lrkafka yd wkHhkaf.a wvqmdvq

fidhuska isgskafka is; oafjzIfhka hqla; jQ l,h' fuu oafjzIhg m@;smCI OrAu;djh kuz

ffu;@shhs' tnejska ffu;@sh isf;a we;s ;eke;a;d lsis jsfgl tjka fohlg fhduq fkdfjz' tfiau

wkHkag wmjdo keZ.Su yd wvqmdvq fijSu jkdyS ldhsl jdpisl jYfhka we;sjk prAhd

;;ajhkah' tfiau prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhkah' fuu prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhka my<

jSug fya; jkqfha isf;ys ffu;@S ixl,amh fkdue;s jSuhs' fuu wvqmdvqj |=re lr,Sug yels

fydZou l@shd udrA.h jkqfha yels;dla fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSuhs' tjsg ta ksid uqZm

uy;a fpz;ksl mCIhu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amj,ska msrS b;srS hhs' tfiau fiiq

prAhd ixialrKhka f,i oelajSug yels wdydrfhys lEor fkdjSu yd yels;dla

w,afmapzP;djfhka hqla;j jdih lsrSu jeks mqre|= mqyqKq l< hq; yeisrSuz rgdjka uZ.ska ;j

|=rg;a iajlSh wd;au oukh f.dv kxjd .ekSug nq|=iuh uZ. fmkajkq ,nhs'

fuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaI foaYkdfjys yrh jkafka wysxidjdoS cSjs;hhs'

wjsysxidjdoSj cSj;ajSu ish,q nq|=jrekau miiakd ,o Y@uK OrAuh nj fuys ;yjqre lr ;sfnz'

fuhska mejfikafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska udkj wdl,am ilia lrkakg .kakd ,o jEhul

uQ,sl mokuhs' ish,q fydZo l@shd ish,q li, lu! mokuzj we;af;a fu;a;d pska;kh fmrgq

lrf.k nejz fuz uZ.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs' fuu wkqYdikh ish,q nq|=jrekagu irAjidOdrK

wkqYdikhla nejs oelajSu uZ.ska fmkaajd oS ;sfnkafka il, jsO ffcj m@cdj flfrys fu;a;d

fpz;kdj fmrgqfldgf.k l@shdlsrSfuz n,j;a ffcj jsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul wjYH;djh

yd tu wjYH;djfhys .enzjk jsYajidOdrKFjhhs'35 fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd

;< wjsysxidjdoS meje;aula ilia jk nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuz wjsysxidjdoS meje;au kuz fu;a;d

ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska we;s jkakd jQ prAhdfjz fjkihs'

YsCIdmo meKjSula fkdue;s uq,a hq.fhys ffk;sl jYfhka fkdj ksjeros

ms<sfj;g ms<smka NsCIQka fj;ska m@lg jQ ksrjoH prAhdfjz iajrEmh oS> ksldfha iS,laLJO

j.a.fha;a" ucACOsu ksldfha fndfyda iQ;@j,;a" pQ, iS, ucACOsu iS, yd uyd iS, jYfhka olakg

,efnz' fuu Ys, ms<sfj;a lsis|= wdldrhlska ffk;slj NsCIQka flfrys meKjS ;snqKq YsCIKhla

fkdj ksrdhdifhkau ksis uZ.g ms<smka NsCIQka jsiska ms,smosk ,o huz wdpdr jsoHd;aul

iuzuq;shla jYfhka f.kyer olajd ;sfnz' ta yeu jsglu thska wjOdrK lr ;sfnkqfha yqfola

48

iuQyhd flfrys yd iuia; ffcj m@cdj flfrysu fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k wfkHdkH

jYfhka iyfhda.fhka l@shd lsrSu msKsi fuu wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;sh bjy,ajk yd bjy,a

fldgf.k we;s njhs' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,d ;< mej;sfha

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu ksid ksirA.fhka u prAhdfjys we;sjk hym;a njhs' fuz

iZoyd wuq;fjka jskh jYfhka yeZoskafjk NsCIq m@;sudk moaO;shla yZ|=kajdoSfuys wjYH;djhla

nq|=ka jykafiag we;s fkdjSh' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,df.a uQ,sl wNssm@dh jQfhao fu;a;d

ixl,amh mdol fldg.;a OrAuh ixcdkkh fldgf.k tuZ.ska ish prAhdj f,djg ys; msKsi

ilia lr.ekSu jQ fyhsks' uq,a hq.fhys prAhdj ilia l< uQ,sl fuj,u njg fuz ksid m;a jQfha

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSuhs' tfy;a fuz ;;ajh l@ufhka fjkia fjuska jskh YsCIdmo

meKjSfuys wjYH;djh mekkeZ.Su;a iuZ.u ix>hdf.a hym; msKsi" ix>hdf.a myiqj

msKsi" |=YaYS, mqoa.,hkag ks.@y msKsi" YsCIdlduS NsCIQkaf.a myiq jsyrKh msKsi" fuf,dj

oS mej;sh yels wdY@jhka ixjrh msKsi" mrf,dj meje;aug uq,ajk wdY@jhka kid,Su msKsi"

fkdmeye|=kjqkaf.a meyeoSu msKsi" ioaOrAufhys psr meje;au msKsi" YsCIKhg wkq.@yh

msKsi hkdoS wfmaCId oyhla fmroers lrf.k Tzjdo md;sfudlaIh foaYkd lrk ,o nj

uydj.a. md,sh wkqj fmfka'36 jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS

mjd meyeos,s jkqfha iuia; NsCIq msrsfiys iuZ.sh wdrCIdjSu m@OdkFjfhys ,d i,ld we;s njhs'

iuZ.sh jkdyS fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d ixjrAOkh jQ nj ndysrj

m@lg lrkq ,nkakd jQ prAhd ,CIKh fjz' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka mrudrA: jYfhka fu;a;d

ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu uZ.skau wrA:j;a prAhd fjkilg ksrdhdifhkau nZ|=ka jkakd jQ msrsila

jQ nejska tu hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg jskh kuska yeZoskafjk prAhd kS;s moaO;shla

wd.ka;lj meKjSfuys wjYH;djla nq|=r|=kayg we;s fkdjQ w;r mYapd;a ld,Sk NsCIQka

jykafia,d wdl,amuh jYfhka uq,a hq.fhys jsiQ NsCIqka muKg ksrAjdKdNs,dIS kqjQ fyhska

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSu uZ.ska muKlau wjYH lrk prAhd fjki Wka jykafia,d

;< we;s lrjSug wfmdfydi;a nejz oek Wkajykafia,dg ish NsCIq mrudra:h imqrd .ekSug

Wjukd lrk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jkakg ie,eiajSu Wfoid jskh kdufhka jq

prAhd OrAu moaO;shla o meKjSug nq|=ka jykafiag is|=jsh' jskh meKjSfuz mrudrA:h o prAhd

YsCIKh uZ.ska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys wfmaCIs; wjidk ksIaGdj lrd jvd myiqfjka <Z.djSug

wjldY ie,fik mrsos udkisl miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska ilia lsrSuh'

wdOHd;ausl jsuqla;sh wruqKq lr.;a m@j@cs; msrsi tlu wdpdr OrAu moaO;shlg

tlZ.;djh m<lr l@shdlrSfuz oS iuQyhdf.a jeo.;alu uekjska m@lg fjhs' mqoa., l@shdjka

iuQyhdg j.lsj hq; hq; mrsos is|=jk jsg iuQyhdf.a meje;au ksrjq,a fjz' fuys oS iuQyhdf.a

iu.sh;a mdrsYoOsh;a wrA:j;a jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu m@d;sfudlaI YsCIdjka fyj;a wdKd

m@d;sfudlaIh meKjSfuz uQ,sl wfmaCIdj jS ;sfnz'37 ix>hd hkqfjka oelafjk iuQyhd w;r

iduQysl pska;kh Tma kxfjk mrsos Tjqkaf.a pska;kh;a yeisrSuz rgdj;a ilia lr.ekSu fuys

uQ,sl wNsm@dhhs' fuu wfmaCIdj uqZMukskau fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k f.dv kexjS ;sfnz'

49

wfkHdkH iyfhda.h f.dvkexjSfuz oS Tjqka tlsfkld w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh mej;Su

wksjdrAhh idOlhla jk nejsks' fuz woyi jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka ix> lu! meje;ajSfuz oS tys

uQ,sl wjYH;djhla f,i OrAudkQl~,Ndjh;a" ix> msrsfia iu.sh;a wfmaCId lr we;s nejsks'

fuu ix> lu! Wmiuzmod jskh lu!" lGskh mejrSu" mrsjdi udk;a wnzNdk jskh lu!"

mgsidrKSh jskh lu!" ;cAckSh lu!" ksiaih lu!" mnzndckSh lu!" WlafLzmkSh lu! wdoS

jYfhka iduQysl.; ix> cSjs;h mqrd iEu wjia:djloSu mdfya Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' fuh ix>hd

jsiskau ix>hdf.a mrsmd,kh l@shd;aul lrjkakd jQ l@uhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldg

f.ku fuu ix> lu! meje;ajSu fuys uQ,sl ,CIKhhs' iuZ.sh fu;a;d ixl,amh ix> msrsfiys

mj;sk njg meyeos,s YdCIshls' msrsi w;r iuZ.sh ;yjqre lsrSu msKsi fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgq

lrf.k mj;ajkakd jQ uQ,sl m@fNao i;rska hq; ix> lu!hka f,i wOdrAusl jQ" msrsi fNao jk

lu! uska woyia flfrhs' tjka jskh lu! fkd l< h;h" fuz wOdrAusl iu.s lu!hhs' iuZ.shg

ndOd ke;;a wOdrAusl nejska tajd o wkqu; fkd flfrA" fuz OdrAusl tfy;a msrsi fNao jk

lu!hhs' msrsfia iuZ.sh ke;s lrk nejska o wkqu; fkd flfrA"fuz OdrAusl jQ iuZ.s lu!hhs' fuh

wkqu;h' iiqkg iq|=iqh' hk j.! i;r nq|=ysushka jsiska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'38 fuu m@fNao

i;rska OdrAuslnj yd iuZ.sh hk folu iys; jQ muKla u nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska fhda.H

f,i wkqu; lr we;af;a OdrAusl nj yd iuZ.sh hk folu tl iudk f,i wka;rA.; jkqfha

fu;a;d ixl,amh mokuz lr.kakd jsg oS muKla jk fyhsks' wkHhka flfrys iyfhda.Snj yd

wkHkaf.a ys;iqj m;k nj keue;s OdrAusl wfmaCId my< jkqfha ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia

muKla nejsks' fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj fkdue;s ;ek iuZ.sh fyda wkHhka flfrys ys;iqj

m;k pska;khla we;s jkafka ke;' wdKd md;sfudlaLh jqjo" Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh jqjo fuz

foflkau woyia flfrkqfha nq|=iufhka ksrAosYaG flrS we;s mru ksIaGdj jk ksrAjdKh

YdlaId;a lr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH lrk ldhsl udkisl jgdmsgdjla f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuu

ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS tu l@ufjzoh wkq.ukh lrkakd lsishuz wdpdr

jsoHd;aul YsCIKhlg wkq.;j ;u wej;uz ilia lr.ekSula wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' fuu

wej;uz mej;uz lsishuz ksrAfoaYs; jsOsl@uhlg wkq.;j ilia lr.ekSu Ydik n@yau prAhdj

f,i wrA: olajkq ,efnz'39

Ydik n@yau prAhdfjys uQ,sl w;a;sjdru f,i ms<s.ekS we;af;a OdrAusl jQ"

iduQysl osjs fmfj; nj meyeos,s lreKls' fuu iduQysl osjs fmfj; ksid ish,q .egquz wrAnqo

j,g uq,ajk ;rZ.ldrS cSjk rgdfjka fuu iiqka uZ.g ms<smka mqoa.,hdj uqojd Tyq ;<

iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKhla f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYHlrk miqnsu ilia lrfokq ,nhs'

OdrAuslFjh;a" iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKh;a mqo.,hd ;< cks; lrkq ,nkafka ;u ix>

iudch ;< fjfik wksl;aa idudcslhka ms<snZo ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhkah' NsCIq osjs fmfjf;ys

uQ,sldx. fu;a;d ixl,amh mdollr f.k ilia jS ;sfnz' wdKd md;sfudlaLh uZ.ska fuu ffu;@S

mQrAjl wdl,amhka jv jvd;a jHdma; jSug iq|=iq jkakd jQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla yZ|=kajd

fokq ,nk w;r Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh ;ud ;< fkdue;s ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka we;s lr.ekSug

50

iq|=iq ldhsl yd jdpisl mrsirhla ksrAudKh lrfokq ,nhs' fuz wkqj Ydik n@yauprAhfha oS

b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd udkj wdl,amhla f,i wmg fu;a;d ixl,amh yZ|=kajd osh yelsh' 40

� fu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amhfu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ouzumohyd Ouzumohyd Ouzumohyd Ouzumoh

( Metta Concept & Dhammapada )

Ouzumofhka ms<snsUq jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh uZ.ska fu;a;d

ixl,amfhys jsjsO iajrEmhka ms<snZoj lreKq jgyd .ekSug wjldY ie,fia' Lqoaol ksldhg

wh;a Ouzumofhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj b;d mqZM,a jsjrKhka oel.; yel' hul

j.a.fhys ffjr fkdlsrSfuz wkqiia oelafjk my; iZoyka .d:dj uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha

fu;a;d ixl,amh jHma; lr;a lr;au tys wka;rA.; udkj ys;jdoS .Kh uZ.ska wkHhkaf.a

is;a ksjS iekiSug m;a jk wdldrhhs'

ffjr lrkakdg ffjr fkdlsrSfuka u ffjrhka ixisZoSug m;a fjz' fuh yeuod

f,dj mj;akd jQ OrAu;djhls' fuuZ.ska fy,s fmfy<s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s

Wmfhda.s;d .Khhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid is;g wkdosu;a ld,hla uqZM,af,a

ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkays n,mEu l@u l@ufhka bj;a jS hEu;a tu bj;a

jSu fya;fldg f.k isf;ys m@Ndiajrh wjqrdf.k isgs kSjrK OrAuhkaf.a myj hdu;a kSjrK

OrAuhka myjSu ksid;a laf,aYhkaf.ka fkdls,sgs jQ m@Ndiajr is; ixZoSug m;a jk wdldrh;a

by; uekjska olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhlf.a isf;ys ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq huz huz fodaI

iy.; ixcdkk ixl,amhka bj;a lsrSug hdug m@:u ;uka iajlSh isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh

ixcdkkh uZ.ska frdamKh fldgf.k issgsh hq; nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nhs' 41

uefrk nj fkdokafkda l,y lr;s' uefrk nj okakjqkaf.a l,yh ikaisfZo;s'

fuys iZoyka uefrk iajNdjh kuz wks;H iajNdjhhs' fyj;a CIKsl urKhhs' fuz cSj;ajk fia

fmfkk wm fudfyd;la fudfyd;la mdid urKhg m;a jk nj ie,lSu uZ.ska wkqka yd ;uka

fjka lrf.k wkHhka flfia cSj;ajqj;a ;uka muKla iqjfia cSj;ajSug is;k oevs

wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj |=re lr yerSu fuhska woyia jS ;sfnz' ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mjd wksh;

iajNdjfha mj;soaoS wkHhka wruqKq fldg oafjzIh my< fkdfjz' oafjzIh we;s jkqfha ish

cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh wdjrKh fldgf.k ne,Sug yd oelSug mqre|= mqyqKq jSu ksidh'

wks;H nj is;;a is;;au l@u l@ufhka isf;ys we;a;d jQ oafjzIh myj hhs' fuz ksid fu;a;d

ixl,amh jevSug b;du myiqu l@uh ish cSjs;fhys wks;H iajNdjh ksrka;rfhkau mqre|=

mqyqKq lsrSuhs' 42

51

neKSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz hk ldhsl yd jdpisl fodaIhka ixcdkkh

jSu;a" tlS ixcdkkh prAhdjg mjd n,mEuz lrk ;;ajhl mej;Su;a ksid ffjrh fkdikaisfZoa'

is; ;< fodaI iy.; ixl,amhka ixcdkkh jS we;s l, tu fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a

fufyhjSu ksid ldhsl jYfhka yd jdpisl jYfhka fkdfhla wlghq;luz mqoa.,fhl fj;ska

is|= fjz' kuq;a tu wlghq;luz tu mqoa.,hdf.a ksirA. iajNdjh fkdfjz' iEu mqoa.,fhlf.au

ksirA. iajNdjh kuz hym; njhs' tu ksirA. jQ hym;a iajNdjh wjqrd oukqfha wd.ka;lj

is;g ixcdkkh jk fodaI iy.; ixl,amhhs' fuu iajNdjh wjfndaO lr fkd.ekSu ;j

;j;a fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a ixcdkkhg fya; idOlhla jk w;r th ukdj oek yeZosk

wjfndaO lr .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkkhg fya; idOlhla fjz' 43

fkdfhl;a wdldrfha ldhsl yd jdpisl ysxidjka ms<snZo we;slr .kakd ,o

fldamh isf;ys fkd neZoS l, is; b;du;a blaukska ixisfZoa' fuhska isf;ys ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys

;j;a tla me;slvla jsia;r flfrhs' is;a fkdikaiqka njg m;a lrjSug m@Odk jYfhka fya;

jkqfha isf;ys we;s fldamh nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nk w;r tu fldamh fkdue;af;a jS kuz

fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrk ,oafoa jS kuz ta fya;j ksid is; jvd;a

myiqfjka ixisZoSug m;a jk nj fmkajd foa' fjk;a wfhl jsiska lrk ,o prAhd jeros tkuz

nekSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz jeks ldhsl yd jdpisl wvqmdvqluz fya;fldg f.k tuZ.ska

iajlSh ps;a; ika;dkh wmjs;@ jSug fya;jk oafjzI ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSug bv m@ia;jla

fkd;nd ta mqoa.,hd foi jqj o yq|= wkqluzmdfjka n,kakg ;ruz fu;a;d ixl,amh is;fys

fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrf.k isgsk ;eke;a;dg ta fya;j ksid jvd;a fydZoska ish is; ixisZofjk

nj fuhska meyeos,s fldg fmkajd os we;'44

wkqkaf.a rZM mrZM nia l< fkdl< foa .ek fufkys fkd fldg ish lghq;

muKla i,ld ne,sh hq;h' wkHkaf.a oafjzI ixl,am ixcdkkh fya;fjka yg .;a;d jQ prAhd

wvqmdvq jk jdpisl yd ldhsl jeros flfrys mjd WfmaCId iy.; is;ska i,ld ne,sh yels

muKg ish is;a i;kays fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh ;<ska we;slr th ukdj /l hq; nj

fuhska m@ldYs;h' tu l@shdudrA.hg flfkl m<uqfldgu wj;SrAK jSug kuz ;uka ;< yg

.kakd jQ prAhjka yslaujd .; hq; w;r tf,i yslujd .;af;lyg wk;rej udkisl

wxYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.K l< yelsh'45

if;di jefvk fohla lsrSu iem;g fya;jk nejska b;d hym;a jkafkah'

if;di hkq i;ghs' i;g we;s jkafka wkHhka jsIfhys ys;j;a iajNdjh we;s lr .eksu uZ.sks'

fuysoS ;udf.a i;g fukau wkHhkaf.a i;g o jeo.;a fia i,ld we;' yqfola ;ukaf.a i;g

muKla i,lk mqoa.,hd ,nkqfha kshu i;g fkjk nj nq|=iuh ;< meyeos,s lroS we;'

i;gla kshu i;gla jSug kuz th wkHhkaf.a is; iqj msKsi fya;jsh hq; nj fuys oS jeo.;a

52

f,i wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k ldhsl yd jdpisl jYfhka

wkHkaf.a hym; fjkq fjka lghq; lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ksrjoH i;g ,nk

udrA.h fy<s fmfy<s lr .kshs' tfukau ta fya;j ksidu u;jg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh

jSug wjldYh o i,id .kafkl njg m;a fjz'46

rd.fhka fkdf;;a jQ lsmSfuka oevs fkdjQ is;a we;s mska mjz |=r,Q fudaCIhg m;a

jQ mqoa.,hdg ( ry;kajykafiag ) flf,ia nsh ke;' fuysoS rd.h f;;a iajNdjhla f,i i,ld

we;af;a ta fya;j ksid is; kshudldrfhka lrAuKH jSug ndOd we;s lrjk nejsks' huzlsis

fohla f;;a iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsg th l@shd;aul jSug ndOd we;s lrjhs' tfiau wOsl jsh<s

fyda oevs iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsgo l@shd;aul fkdfjz' oevs nj fuysoS olajd we;af;a lsmSu

jYfhks' fujeks ;;ajhka we;s jkqfha rd. yd oafjzI ksid nj meyeos,sh' tu ixfpzz;kd folu

yg.kqfha uki ,nkakd jQ wruqK jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksidh' wruqfKys h:d iajNdjh

oelsug kuz tf,i oelSug ;ruz fudark ,o kqjKlska wruqKq foi ne,sh hq; fjz' hful ;<

tnZ|+ kqjKla my< fjkafka wrAy;a udrA. M,hg ta mqoa.,hd m;a jSu ;<skau muKs' oekqu

W.;alu ;<ska ,nk Z{dKh ;djld,sl wia:sr jQjls' tfiau th m@;HCI wjfndaOhla o fkdfjz'

;uka leu;s wruqK ms<snZo we,au yg .ekSu ksid rd.h o wlue;s wruqK ms<snZo fkdukdmh

ksid oafjzIh o my< lr.kshs' huzl,l oafjzIh fkdfjz kuz tl, rd.h o fkdue;' rd.h yd

oafjzIh tla;rd wdldrhl wka; folls' tfiau tajd tlu ldisfhys fome;a; nZ|=h' fu;a;d

ixl,amh wkqj ish ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh we;s lr.kakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ,nk

YsCIKh Ndjs; lruska ;j |=rg;a ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ixjrh n,dfmdfrd;a; fjz' fu;a;d

ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid ;j |=rg;a udkisl wxYfhka ,nk by<u ;;ajh wrAy;aM,h

jYfhka oelajsh yelsh'47

oeuqKq bZ|=rka we;s myl<d jQ udkh we;s flf<ia rys; jQ uOHia: mej;uz we;s

WfmaCId iy.; mqoa.,hkaf.a ( ry;kajykafiaf.a ) orAYkh fojsjre mjd m@drA:kh lr;s'

;ukaf.a prAhd rgdjka ;ukag md,kh lr.; yels ugzgul mej;Su oeuqKq nj kuz fjz' tfia

md,kh lr.ekSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHkaf.a o is; iqj msKsi mj;shs' fuf,i l@shd lrkakd jQ

mqoa.,hd ta wdldrfhka ls@hd lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fufyhjSu fya;fjks' wkHhka o

;uka yd iudkj i,ld n,d l@shd lrk mqoa.,hd ;< ish,a,kaf.au hym; ie,eiajSu msKsi

we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'48 fu;a; iQ;@h ( lrKSh fu;a; iq;a; ) jkdyS ish OHdk

Ndjkdjg ndOd l<d jQ fojsjrekg jodrk f,i kshu fldg ieje;a kqjr wi, jk fmfoil

jsorAYkd Ndjkd lu!ia:dk jevQ mkaiShhla NsCIQka jykafia,d msrsilg foaYkd l< iQ;@

foaYkdjls' my; oelafjk fuz msrs;a iQ;@h nq|=r|=ka fj;ska Wf.k osjd rd;@S icACOdhkd fldg ta

fojs msrsif.a us;re is; o ,nd ish lu!ia:dkhka iu!mQrAK fldg f.k wrAy;ajhg m;ajQy'49

53

lrKSh fu;a;d iQq;@fhys uq,skau iZoyka jkqfha fuu msrs; ks;s ms<smeo

icACOdhkd fldg ,nd.; yels wdksixYh ms<snZojh' m@Odk jYfhka ;ukaf.a ldhsl yd

udkisl iqjh;a w;sfrAl jYfhka wukqIH nsh |=re lsrSu;a fuhska is|= jk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz'

fujeks .Khka is;d th osjd rd;@S Ndjs;d lsrSu ;<ska mqoa.,hdf.a is; msrsis|= jS kmqre nsh

ckl isysk fmkSu |=re lr iqj kskaola ,nd .; yelsh'50 luzue,s ke;s lSlre wjxl uD|=

ksy;udks ldreKsl mqoa.,fhl jSu ksrAjdKh ,en .ekSfuys jSrAh jvkakd i;j ;snsh hq;jQ

m@Odku ,CIKhhs'51 ksrka;rfhka i;gq is;ska hq;j ld,h f.jk wkHhkayg nrla fkdjk

m@ikak fmkqula iys; Z{dKjka; msrsfiys fkdwe,qKq udk rys; jQ ieye,a,q .;s mej;uz we;s

mqoa.,fhl o fjz'52 m@Z{djka;hska jsiska fodia jYfhka i,lk foa j,ska je<lKq mqoa.,fhl

fjz'53 ish,q iFjfhda nsh rys; nfjka hqla; j iqjm;a jQ is;ska ld,h .; lrkq ,efnzjd'54 iEu

;eklu jdih lrk tla YrSr m@udKj,ska hqla; jQ flf,ia we;s yd ke;s cSjSka ish,a,u55

fmfkk fkdfmfkk <Z. yd |=r jik bmoSug wdikakj isgsk ish,q cSjSka ks|=la

fjzjd'56mqoa.,fhl jsiska ;j;a mqoa.,fhlyg jxpdjka wjuka |=la mSvd we;s fkdflfrAjd'57 uj

ish tlu mq; rlakdla fuka ish,q iFjhska fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrkak' 58 ;uka o

wkHhka o hk ish,q wdldrfha iSudjka |=relruska wkHhkayg o ;ukag mrsoafoka fu;a;d

ixl,amh jHdma; l< hq;h'59 iEu brshjzjloSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoju isysfhka isgskak'

nU jsyrKh hkq fujeks msrsis|= mej;uls'60 lsisod oDIags.;slfhla fkdjS iS,fhka yd hym;a

oelafuka hqla;j ldu ixZ{dfjys ksrAfjzohg meusK fuf,dj fkdWmoskafkah'61

� fu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrKfu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrKfu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrKfu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrK

( Metta Cocept & Four Nobile Life )

n@yau jsydrhla f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h nq|=iuh ;< m@Ndjs;h'

nq|=rcdKkajykafia wh;a jkafkao Y@uK iuzm@odhghs. nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;a l< fu;a;d

ixl,amh fuf;la tu m@ia;;h ms<snZoj bosrsm;alrkq ,enqjd jQ w;sYh mqZM,au yd wx.iuzmQrAK

u wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,amh f,i oelajsh yel' fuz wkqj nq|=rcdKkajykafia fu;a;d

ixl,amh isjq nU jsyrKj,g wka;rA.; fldg b;d mqZM,a wrA:fhka hqla;j foaYkd l<y.

isjq nU jsyrKj,g wh;a b.ekajSuzjkqfha fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d yd WfmalaLd

hk ixl,am i;rhs' fuys fu;a;d hkafkka woyiajkqfha ffu;@shhs' us;@Fjhhs ishZM iFjhka

jsIfhys ys; iqj ie,iSfuz we;s jk leue;a;hs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ffjrhg yd fl@daOhg

m@;sjsreoaO iajNdfhka ixcdkkh flfrkakd jQ ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid is;

ksjSug yd iekiSug m;ajk nj oyfuys iZoyka fjz' fuys iZoyka iafkayh kuz is; uD|= yd

lu!KH iajNdjh muqKqjk ,sys,a njhs' fuu ,sys,a nj ufkda ldhsl ikaiqka iqjodhs njla

ckkh jk wdldrfhka is;g m@S;suh fuda|=jSuhs' il,jsO ffcj m@cdj jsIfhys yg.kakd rECI

54

iajNdjh |=re lrkqfha thg m@;smCI ixcdkkh jk uD|= iy.; ,sys,a nj kuz iafkayh njhs'

fuys iafkayh kuz yqfola is;g wd;;sh we;s lrjk ;DIaKdj fkdfjz' ;DIaKdj yg.kajkafka

ksis wdldrfhka wruqK .@yKh lr.ekSug wiu;ajSu fya;fjka tlS wruqKqfKys h:d

iajNdjh fkdyeZosk yqfola fjhsos; mCIfhka muKla thg weZMuz lrkakg hdu ksid ixl,am

ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS ;;ajhla Wodfjz' fudayh f,i yeZoskafjkafka ixl,am ixcdkkh flfrys

ndOdldrS f,i l@shd;aul lrkq ,nk iajlSh pska;k iajNdjhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh

ksishdldrfhka ixcdkkh fkdjSu fuday mQj!dx.u jSu kuska yeZoskafjz' fudaymQj!x.u ps;a;

ixl,amhka ixcdkk jkqfha f,daN iajrEmfhks' fuys kshu iajNdjh jsoHudk flfrkqfha

m@Z{dj uQ,sl fldgf.k wkHhka wruqKq lr f.k my<jk jsgh' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS

woafjzI iajrEmfhka ksrEms; yd tfukau wf,daN iuzm@hqla; ps;a; ixl,amhls'

fu;a;d ixl,amh us;@Fjh jYfhka f.k o ie,lsh yelsh' uska us;@ nj yd us;@

.Kh i,ld we;' ffu;@sfhys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys ys;j;a ,CIKfhka hqla;j

meje;auh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh kuz i;aFjhka flfrys ys;iqj m@drA:kd lsrSuh'

tys mpzpqmgzGdkh kuz ffjr ixl,amhka is;ska |=re lsrSuh' mogzGdkh f,dj jikakd jQ ishZM

wdldrfha ffcj jrA.hd jsIfhys leu;s iajrEmh oelajSuh' iuzm;a;sh jHdmdo ixisZojSu jk

w;r jsm;a;sh fuday iajrEmfhka jQ iafkay bmsojSuhs' fuday iajrEmfhka fkdjQ iafkayh

fodaIfhka f;drh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ.u Ndjs;d jk wfkla ixl,amh lreKdjhs' lreKdj

jsia;r flfrkqfha i;a mqreIhska jsiska wkHhkaf.a |=l oel tu |=l ;ud m;a |=lla f,i i,ld

bka ish yoj; wkHhkag msysg jSfuz fpz;kdfjka mqrjd .ekSfuz fp;kdj fyj;a ixl,amh

f,ihs' wkHhkaf.a |=flys is;a thska luzmdjg m;a jkafka o lreKdj ksiduh' fuys iZoyka jk

luzmkh kuz wkHhkaf.a |=lanr iajNdjh wruqKq fldg is;ays my< lr.kakd ixfjzoSFjhhs'

fuu ldreksl iajNdjh mqoa., fNaoh wkqj mqZM,a iajNdjhla .kshs' OHdk ugzgfuzoS iEu

mqoa.,fhlu ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.;a;d jQ uQ,sl lreKd ixl,amh me;srjSu jYfhka mqZM,a

l< hq;h' lreKdj |=laLs;hka flfrys me;srjSuz jYfhka jHdma; l<hq; nj o iZoyka fjz'62

lreKd hk ps;a; ixl,amh ;j;a fndfyda wdldrhlska o oelajsh yelsh'

idudkH mqoa.,fhl ;< we;s jkakd jQ lreKdjg jvd fndaOs iuzNdrhka mQrKh lrkq ,nkakd

jQ fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia kul ;< yg .kakd lreKdj uy;ah' fndaOsiFjjrfhl ;<

we;a;d jQ lreKdjg jvd iuzud iuznq|=jrhdKka jykafiakul ;< we;a;d jQ lreKdfjz

iajrEmh w;s uy;ah' th uyd lreKd hkqfjka oelafjkafka tfyhsks' lreKd hkafkka woyia

jkqfha |=%Ls; iFjhka |=gqjsg Tjqka flfrA my<jk yDo luzmkh nj by; iZoyka idudkH

jsia;rh wkqj meyeos,s fjz' Tjqka tu |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka huzlsis i;amqreIfhlf.a

is;ays |=lg m;a f,dal iFjhd wruqKqfldg my<jk lreKdju tys mrsmQrAK wjia:dj f,i

ie,fla' iuzud iuznq|=rcdKkajykafia,d ;< my<jk lreKdfjz tu mrsmQrAKdjia:dj uyd

55

lreKd iudm;a;s Z[dKh jYfhka yeZoskafjz' tu ksid nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jpkhla

f,i lreKdj hk mohu fhdod uyd ldreKslhka jykafia,d hk fh|=u Ndjs;d lrkq ,efnz.

lreKdfjys ,CIKh |=laLs; iFjhkaf.a |=la |=re lrk wdldrfhka meje;auhs'

fufia is;Suz ud;@ jYfhka ishZM f,dal jdiS iFjhkaf.a ishZM |=la |=re jqjo fkdjqj o th fuu

ixl,am ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS fkdfjz' m@Odk jYfhka wm fuys oS wruqKq lr.kakd tys rih

kuska yeZoskafjk lreK kuz furud |=la fkd bjiSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh f,i oelafjkafka

wjsysxidjh' tfukau tys mogzGdkh |=lska fmZMKjqkaf.a wirK nj oelauhs' ta fya;j ksidu

wirKhka |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka ps;a; ixl,amhka yg.kshs' lreKd ixl,amfhys

iuzm;a;sh jYfhka oelafjkqfha jsysxid ixisZojSuhs' lreKd ixl,amh ixcdkkh flf,ilj;a

jsm;a we;s fkdlrjhs' fudayuQ,sl jYfhka wruqKq jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksid bka we;s jk

jsm;a;s jYfhka lreKdjg wruKq jQ |=laLs; iFjhka iqjm;a lsrSuz jYfhka Tjqkayg

m@udKhg jvd weZMuz lsrSu wka;rdhldrS jkafka huz fyhlska fuu ixcdkkh fuday uQ,sl

jqjfyd;a bka bmfok fifkyi ksid we,Suz neZoSuz yg .ekajSfuz bvlv myiqfjka we;sjk

ksidh' funZ|= fifkyila we;s ;eke;a;d;< wkHhka ksid weZMuzlr jQ iskd yg.ekSu we,Suz

neZoSuz we;s jQ njg ,lKla jYfhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'63

uqos;dfjys iajNdjh iajNdjh i;gg m;ajSuhs' huzlsis wruqKla ms<snZoj is;g

we;sjkakd jQ i;g fudaokh hkqfjka yeZoskafjz' wkqkaf.a iemiuzm;a yd hi biqre ms<snZoj

ixcdkkh fldg bka i;gg m;ajSu uqos;dj kuska yeZoskafjz' uqos;dj we;sjSug BrAIHdj kuska

yeZoskafjk iDKd;aul wdl,am is;ska |=rejsh hq;h' ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d bgq lrkq ,nkakd jQ

ldrAhh wruqKq fldg th lrK ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda" tu ixl,amh tu

bgq lrkq ,nk ldrAhhg wOsm;s jYfhka i,ld l;!D ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i

fyda" ta folskau jHx.drA:j;a jk Ndjuh iajNdjh i,ld Ndj ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA:

oelafjk f,i fyda uqos;dj jsia;r lsrSug yelsh' uqos;dj iqLs; iFjhka wruqKqfldg isf;ys

my<fjhs' fuh BrAIHdjg m@;smCI OrAuhhs' idrOrAu ixl,amhla jYfhka .;al< fuys

fndfyda fldgu olakg ,efnkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhkays me;slv kuz wdfjzok me;slvhs' fuu

wdfjzokh m@fudaokh is; by<g bmsf<k iajNdjh wruqKq fldg mj;shs' fuhg wruqK f,i

.kakd iqLs; iFj wruqKo isf;ys m@fudao iajNdjh ;Sj@r lrjkakg Wmldrj;a jkakls'

uqos;dfjys ,CIKh m@fudaoh fyj;a wkHhkaf.a iem iuzm;a wruqKqfldg i;gqjSuh' rih

BrAIHdfjka je<lSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh kuz mr iuzm;a wOslY,OrAu" fjfyr jsydr hk fuys

fkdwef,k iajNdjh ke;s lsrSuh' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjhkaf.a iuzm;a;s oelauh'

iuzm;a;sh fkdwe,au ixisZojd,Suh' jsm;a;sh neZoSuz jYfhka yg.kakd isf;ys i;g we;sjSuhs'

WfmalaLd hkak wffjr fj;ajd hkdoS jHdmdo |=re lsrSfuka o" uOHia:Ndjhg

meusKSfuka o w;am;a lr.; yelsh'64 WfmaCId hkafkka woyiajkqfha iFjhka jsiska jsZoskq ,nk

56

|=laiem ish,a,lau Tjqkaf.a lu!dkqrEmj meusfKk nj ie,lSfuka lu!h ;u;uka wh;a fldg

we;s nj fufkys lsrSfuka isf;ys we;slr.kakdjQ uOHia:;djhhs' fyj;a ueoy;a Ndjhhs'

WfmaCIdj uZ.ska ueoy;a wdfjzokhka weiqre fldg isf;ys we;sjkakd jQ ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka o

fndfyda fldg u ikaisZ|=kq iajNdjhka fmkajhs' tfukau wdfjzok me;slfvys jshqla;;d .Kh o

we;' jshqla; nj hkq ixhqla; njska fjka jSuhs' fyj;a ps;a; mdCIsl nj wOsl fldg we;' i;r

n@yau jsyrKu jshqla; idrOrAu ixl,am jqj o fuu WfmaCId wdfjzokfhys jshqla;;d .Kh

fiiq wdfjzohkag jvd wOsl;rh' WfmaCIdfjys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: wdldrfhka

meje;auh' rih m@shd oS fNao we;s i;aFjhka flfrys iu;;ajfhka we;sjSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh

;ry yg.ekSu ixisZojSuhs' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjfhda lu!h wkqju Wia my;a nj Wreu

lr.;af;a hehs kqjKska ie,lSuhs' m@fhdackh kuz ;ry we;sjSu ixisZojSuh' jsm;a;sh neZoSu ksid

yg.kakd jQ we,afuka cks; jQ wZ{dk jQ WfmaCIdj yg.ekSuhs' WfmaCId iy.; fudayh

wZ{dfkdafmCId kuz fjz'

i;r n@yau jsyrKhkag wh;a fuz ixl,am i;frys uQ,sl iudkluz yd tajdgu

iqjsfYaIS jsjsO yev;, o olakg ,efnz. iudklu jkqfha fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka

jsIfhys me;srjsh hq; njhs' taksid jsYoaOs udrA.fhys fuu ixl,am i;rg wmamuZ[aZ[d hehs

jHjydr lrkq ,efnz.fuu ixl,am i;rg n@yaujsyrK hehs lshkq ,nkafka uyd n@yauhd <Z.

fuz .K we;ehs ie<flk nejsks. tnejska f,daljdiSyq Tyqg f.#rj lr;s. fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d

WfmalaLd hk i;rska tla tla lreKska iuzmQrAKj jsiqfha kuz th n@yau jsyrKhg iudk

jkafkah' th W;uz jsyrKhla nejska n@yau jsydr hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz.

� fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdjfu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdjfu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdjfu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdj

( Metta Cincept & Meditation )

jsoY!kd iqLh yd Nj iuzm;a;sh fuz i;r n@yaujsydrhka jrAOkh lsrSu ksid

fmd|=fjz ysusjk jrm@idohhs' jHdmdofhka is; uqojd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iqjsfYaIS

iajNdjhs' lreKdfjys iqjsfYaIs iajNdjh jsysxidfjka usoSuhs' uqos;dfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh kuz

wr;sh kuska yeZoskafjk fkdmej;Su ms,snZoj yg.efkk wdYdj is;ska bj;a lr .ekSuhs'

WfmaCIdfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh jkqfha fkdmeje;au uq,lr .;a rd.fhka ( tla;rd |=rlg fuys

WpzfPAo iajrEmhla wka;rA.; fjz' ) bj;a jSuhs' 65

fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq; ksid;a ixl,am

i;rgu mdol jkqfha ffu;@s iy.; fpz;kdj jk ksid;a fuz lreKq i<ld fuz ixl,am

i;frysu flaJ|@Sh wdl,amh jkqfha fu;a iy.; fpz;kdj hehs fmd|= tlZ.Fjhlg meusKsh

yel'tu ixl,am i;rg iqjsfYaIs jsjsO yev;, olakg we;s kuq|= fuu ixl,am ish,a,gu mdol

57

jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid tu ixl,amh wdruzNlj jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdf.a uki fiiq

ixl,amj,g ixcdkk wdOdrlhla imhhs' tu ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;fjka mqoa., uki

fiiq ixl,amhkao yg.ekSug iq|=iq ;;ajhg yev .iajkq ,nhs' fud<fhys ridhksl yd

cSjjsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ikaksfjzokhkag m@;scdkkd;aul Wmia:uzNkhka imhdfohs'

i;r n@yau jsyrK w;frka tla tla n@yau jsydrKhg wdikak i;rdh" |=r

i;rd hehs i;frda fofofkls'66 lsishuz mqoa.,fhlyg wdikakfhys yeisfrk i;rd fuka

ffu;@S n@yau jsyrKhg rd.h wdikak i;rdh' ffu;@sh yd rd.h .K oelafuys ,d iudk

nejsks' ta rd. i;rd iaj,am jQo isys uQ,dfjlska ffu;@sh |=re fldg ta wruqK .kakg ksis nejska

Tyqf.ka is; ukd fldg /l .; hq;hs' rd. ixl,amfhys ndysr iajrEmh jk wruqfKys

m@idoh yg.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhyso olakg ;sfnz' rd. ixl,amh ksrAfjzoh lrd hk

hfulf.a m@;smodfjys fjz.h ukao.duS lrk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh tu .uk fjz.j;a lrhs'

ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd rd. ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSfuz cSj jsoHd;aul

iuzNdjs;djla usksid we;ZM ish,qu cSjSka Wreu lrf.k isgshs' fuz fya;j ksid ixcdkkuh

jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq lrkakd fuhska uy;a wmyiqjlg ,la fjz'

jHdmdohg nshm;a fkdjS fu;a;d ixl,amh jv jvd;a ixcdkkh l< hq;h'

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrk w;r;r tljsgl oS fl@daOh jrAOkh lrkafkah hk fuz fol

lsis jsgl oS j;a tljsg is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSu ksid is; rZM

lrk jHdmdo ixl,amh is;g fkdmsjsfia'67 prAhd jYfhka ndysrj m@ldY jk muKg fu;a;d

ixl,amh ixcdkkh jS ;snSu fuysoS wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj fia ie,fla' lreKd n@yau jsyrKhg

mSvd iys; foduzki wdikak i;rdh' jsm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' jsysxidj |+r i;rdh'

lreKdj yd jsysxidj iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' ta fyhska jsysxidfhka nshg m;a fkdjS

lreKd jevsh hq;h'

uqos;d n@yau jsyrKhg we,Suz iys; fiduzki wdikak i;rdh' we,Suz iys;

fiduzki hkq m@sh ukdm wruqKq ,en ta flfrys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,au yd fmr ,enqjd jQ m@sh

ukdm wruqKq ms<snZoj jrA;udkfhys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,auhs' iuzm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk

nejsks' fkdwe,au |=r i;rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska ta fkdwe,afuka nsh fkdjS

uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;h' uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh j;a j;au is; jv jvd;a

m@uqos; jkafkah' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrhg jkdys we,Suz iys; wZ{dk WfmaCIdj wdikak i;rdh'

neZoSuz iys; we,afuka yg.kakd WfmaCId kuz lsishuz wruqKl h:d iajNdjh fkdoekSu ksid tu

wruqK flfrys uq,dfjka ueoy;a nj we;s lr .ekSuhs'68 fodaI .K wjsjdrK jYfhka iudk

nejsks' rd.h yd ;ryj |=r i;rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska rd.fhka yd

;ryfhkaa nshg m;a fkdjS WfmaCIdj jevsh hq;h' WfmCIdj ixcdkkh lrkafkah' rd.h yd

m@;s>h jrAOkh lrkafkah hkq lsis lf,l tla jsfgl is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' n@yau jsydr

58

kdufhka ie,flk fulS i;r ixl,amhka ishZM ffcj j.!hd jsIfhysu we;s fmd|= w;Dma;slr

;;ajfhka fuz i;r n@yau jsydr i;aFjhka flfrys ysff;Is nj we;s PJoh Wmojhs' WfmaCId

n@yau jsydrh o i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: mej;uz leu;sjSuz jYfhka mj;akd PJoh m@Odk

fldg mj;shs' tys olakg we;af;a yqfola jsjD; iajNdjh yd jsreoaO fkdjSuz jYfhka mj;akd jQ

PJoh fjz' fuz jQ l,S uOHia: jQ PJohhs' tuZ.ska laf,aY yd kSjrKdosh uev meje;ajSu uOHh

f,i ie,lsh yelsh' wm!Kdj jQ l,S tys wjidk wjia:dj fjz'

i;r n@yau jsyrK w;rska fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ;k p;Ial kHdhg

wkql~,j ;kajk OHdkh ksIaGdjfldg mj;S' mxp kHdhhg wkql~,j i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj

fldg mj;S' fuu fu;a;d" lreKd yd uqos;d hk ixl,amj, fidukiaih jsoHduk jk nejsks'

fidaukiaih isf;ys fkdue;s jsg fidaukiaifhka Wmoskd jHdmdo" jsysxid" wr;Ska f.a

ksiairKh we;sjk ksidh' ldudoSkag ksiairKh jQ fklaLuzudoSka fuka foduzkia iemsh hq;`

jHdmdodoSkag ksiairKh jQ fu;a wdoSyq fiduzkia iy .shd fj;s hk wrA:hs' ksiairK

.@yKfhkau mQrAj jQ fu;a;doSkaf.a WfmaCId iuzm@fhda.h o wkqZ{d;hhs o; hq;h' tfyhskau

we|=frda wgjsis isf;lays lreKd" uqos;djkaf.a m@jD;a;sh mikq ,efn;s' WfmaCId fjzokdj jkdyS

wjfYaI tl OHdkhuh' lula fyhskao WfmaCIdj fjzokdj yd iuzm@hqla; fyhsks' ta tfiauh'

i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia:dldrfhka mj;akd n@yau jsydfrdafmCIdj WfmaCId fjzokdj ke;sj

fkd mj;afkah' nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska wx.;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fhys oS OHdk i;r –

i;r n@yau jsyrKfhys ,d idudkHfhka jodrK ,oafoah' tkuq;a i;r n@yau jsyrKu

i;rjeks – miajeks OHdk fkdfjzz' 69 tfia kuz ldhdkqmiaikdosh o i;rjk miajk OHdk hehs

lshkakg is|= fjz' fjzokdkqmiaikdosfhys m@:u OHdkh mjd fkdue;s ksid oajs;Sh OHdkdosh

flfiaj;a fkd,efnz'70 tfyhska nqoaO jpkfhys jHxZ[ck Pdhd ud;@h muKla i,ld iuzud

iuznq|=rcdKka jykafiayg wi;Hfhka fodaIdfrdamKh fkd l< hq;h'71 nqoaO jpkh .eUqreh'

wdpdhH! u;hka flaJ|@fldgf.k ;uka o jspdr mQrAjlj OrAu jskh yd iiZod n,d ksjeros hehs

iEySug m;a jkafka kuz muKla ms<s.; hq;h'72

fuz wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu OHdk ugzgfuka .;a l, mxpu

yd p;Ial jYfhka fojoEreuz fjz' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuzoS th ldhdkqmiaikd

Ndjkdj mQrAj Ndjkdjla fldg bka wk;rej is|= lrkakd jQ ia:dkhkaysoS th yeZoskafjkafka

ps;a; iudOsh mQrAjx. lr.kakd ,o ldhdkqmiaikdj f,isks'73 tu fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh

lsrSfuz l@shdj<sh wrAy;ajh olajdu fhduq.; jS mj;shs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkfhys

mrsiudma;s wjia:dj ;kajk OHdk wjia:dj yd i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd jHdma; jS

mj;sk nj o;a hq;h' fuhska Tnzfnys we;af;a i;rjk OHdk wjia:djhs' tu i;rjk OHdk

wjia:djg m;ajSug kuz WfmaCId ixl,amh jrAOkh l< hq;h' tfukau WfmaCId ixl,amh

i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd wjYH kuz flfklg m@.K lsrSug o mqZMjk' wNsOrAu kHdh

wkqjo fuys iudk njla oel.; yelsh' fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ixl,amhka ;k jrAOkh

59

lsrSfuz l@shd mgsmdgsh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS ;kajk OHdkh

ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj

fldg o jsia;r lr ;sfnz' WfmaCId ixl,amh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk

wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk

wjia:dj, oS miajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuz ms<snZoj wx.;a;r ksldfha

wgzGl ksmd;fhys jsYd, jsia;rhla olajd we;'

fu;a;d ixl,amfhaoS us;@Fjh mokuzlr .ekSu;a lreKd ixl,amfhaoS

wkqluzmdj mokuzlr .ekSu;a uqos;d ixl,amfhaoS m@fudaoh mokuzlr .ekSu;a WfmaCId

ixl,amfhaoS uOHia:;dj mokuzlr .ekSu;a fuu ixl,am i;frys jsIh uQ,sl jsjsOFjh

jYfhka oelajSug yel' tkuz tla tla wjia:djkaysZoS isf;a wdfjzok mCIfhys olakg ,efnkakdjQ

jsjsO;d i<ldf.k ta wdfjzok ;;ajhkaf.a m@;scdkd;aul ixjrAOkh ie,fla'tysoS tuZ.ska

we;sjk wNHka;r.; ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgfuz mrsmQrAKFjh i<ld tajd OHdk kdufhkao wrA:

olajkq ,efnz' flfiajqj;a OHdk kuska oelafjk wNHka;r ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgu olajd ps;a;

ixjrAOkh we;slr .ekSug kuz ta iZoyd l@udkql~,j ixjrAOkh lr.; hq; lY,;d moaO;shla

olajd ;sfnz' fulS ps;a; ixjrAOkfha by<g .ukal< yelafla m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska

m@.K lsrSu uZ.ska muKla nejs olajd ;snSu ;< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys flaJ|@Sh jeo.;alu jvd

fydZoska ;yjqre fjhs'74 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq

lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ;j;a wxYhla wOHhkh lsrSug jeo.;a wjia:djls' fuz hgf;a

fu;a;d Ndjkdj flfia jsia;r lr ;sfnzoehs jgyd .ekSu jeo.;ah'75 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla

f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ jsjsO l@ufjzohka ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys

idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lr we;'76 my; oelafjkafka fu;a;d Ndjkdj l< yels ;j;a wdldrhls'

luk wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d l<;a ;u ;ukaf.a prs;dkQl~,j yd wjia:dkQl~,j

jevsh hq; wdldrhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; jsjsO jk nejska ta iEu l@ufjzohlau tl yd

iudkju jeo.;a jk nj mejish yelsh'77

OrAudkqidrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdksixY my; iZoyka mrsos fufkys l<

hq;h'78 fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg we;s bjiSu mru ;mi kuska yeZoskafjz'79 tfiau fu;a;d

ixl,amh n,ldrl OrAuhla jYfhka yd th n,weKshla mrsoafoka kej; kej; ish is;a

i;kays m@.K lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hdu n@dyauK kduh ,nhs'80 fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd jevs

Wiia .Khla ke;' fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevSfuz oS m<uqj fu;a jevsh hq; mqoa.,hd ljfrla o

tfiau m<uqj fu;a jevSu wfhda.H mqoa.,hd ljfrla oehs mqoa., jsIu;djh yZ|=kd.; hq; fjz'

wm@sh" w;sm@sh iydh" uOHia: yd ffjrS hk i;r jeoEreuz mqoa.,hka fjk m<uqj fu;a

fkdjevsh hq;h' jsreoaO ,sx.slhka flfrys iSud iys; jYfhka yd u<jqka flfrys fu;a;d

ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;h' tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu wrA: iuzmkak

fkdjk nejska tfia fkdl< hq; hehs meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'

60

ula ksid o h;a wm@sh mqoa.,hd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka is;g mSvd we;s

fjz' w;s m@sh iydhlhd uOHia: ia:dkfhys ;nd .kakg hdfuka tfiau is; mSvdjg m;a fjz'

Tyqg iaj,am |=lla meusKs l, mjd yZvkakg is|= fjz' uOHia: mqoa.,hd .re ;kays yd m@sh ;kays

;nd .kakg hdfuka o is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' ffjrS mqoa.,hd .ek isys fjkakd jQ jydu fl@daOh

Wmoskafkah' tnejska m@sh wm@shd oS fulS i;r fokd flfrys m<uq fldg fu;a;d ixl,amh

jrAOkh fkdl< hq;h' ia;@Skag mqreIhka yd mqreIhkag ia;@Ska jsreoaO ,sx.slhka nejska Tjqka

flfrys isud jYfhka wij,a ;eke;a;dg fyda wij,a ;eke;a;shg fu;a is; m;rjushs fu;a;d

ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkakg hdfuka fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdj rd.h jrAOkh jkafkah' tfiau

u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; me;srjSfuka wm!Kd – Wmpdr hk OHdkuh ;;ajhka ,o fkdyelsh' ta

ksid u<jqka wruqKq lr fu;a fkdjevsh hq;h' fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkakd jsiska m<uq fldg u

fu;a;d ixl,amh jevsh hq; jkafka ;uka wruqKq lrf.kh' uu iqjm;a fjuzjd" uu ks|=la

fjuzjd hkqfjka fyda uu ffjr ke;af;la fjuzjd" jHdmdo ke;af;la fjuzjd" Wm|@j ke;af;la

fjuzjd iqjfia wd;auNdjh mrsyrKh lrkafkla fjuzjd lshd fyda h<s h<s;a ;uka flfrys u

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;h' jsNx. m@lrKfhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq; jkafka

tla mqoa.,fhlyg fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrk wdldrhgu ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys o

fu;a;d ixl,amh iudk wdldrfhka jHdma; l< hq; nj olajd we;'81 tfiau mgsiuzNsod

u.a.fhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;af;a mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzj mia wdldrhlska

nj meyeos,s lr oS we;'82

by; jsNx.fhys yd mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys m<uqj ;ukag fu;a fkdjvd ish,q

fokdgu fu;a jevsh hq; nj olajd ;sfnz' m<uqj jsYoaOs udrA.fhys olajk ,oafoa m<uqj ;ukag

fu;a jevsh hq; njhs' fuu m@ldY fol mriamr jsfrdaOS fkdfjz' fuu .@J: foflys ffu;@S

Ndjkdj jevsh hq; ms<sfj< olajd we;af;a wm!Kd jYfhks' jsYoaOs udrA.fhys m<uqfjka u

;ukag ffu;@S jevsh hq; hehs olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uqj ;ud YdCIs fldg wkHhkag fu;a jevSu

bf.kSu msKsih' wdoslu!uslhd o i,ld f.kh' fuys iZoyka wdoslu!uslhd kuz m<uqfldg

fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ mqoa.,hdh' wjqre|= ishhla oyila kuq|= ;ud

flfrys muKlau ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,fh;g flosklj;a OHdk wm!Kd Wmojd .;

fkdyelsh' jsYoaOs udrA.fhys iZoykajk mrsoafoka uu huzfia |=lg fkdleue;af;us o iqjfia

cSj;afjkq leue;af;uz o wkHhka o ud fiau |=lg fkdleue;af;ysh' iqjfia cSj;ajkq

leue;af;dah' hkdoS f,iska ;uka YdCIs jYfhka ;ndf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu

wrUkakdg myiq nejska th jvd;a l@udkQl~, hehs ms<s.efka' iEu mqoa.,fhlygu ;ukaj

;ukag m@sh nejska th Wmudkjg f.k wkHhkayg o ysxid lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;h'83

fuz wdldrfhka ;uka Wmud jYfhka ;ndf.k ish,q ffcj m@cdj flfrys u fu;a;d

Ndjkdj jevsh hq;h hk l@uh nq|=r|=ka jsiska jodrk ,oafoah' tnejska uekjska m@.KjSu msKsi

61

m<uq fldg ;uka flfrys fu;a jevsh hq;h' bka wk;rej iqjfia ffu;@sh mj;ajkq msKsi

;ukayg m@sh ukdm .re iuzNdjkSh wdpdhH!jrfhla fyda wdpdhH! iudkfhla fyda

WmdOHdhfhla fyda WmdOHdh iudkfhla fyda fjz kuz Tyqf.a odk m@sh jpkdoS jQ m@sh ukdm

ldrKd o YS, Y@e;j;a wdoS jQ .re iuzNdjkSh ldrK o i,ld tu i;a mqreIhd iqjm;a fj;ajd

ks|=la fj;ajd hkd oS l@ufhka fu;a is; jrAOkh l< hq;h' fuz wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj is|=

lsrSfuka taldka;fhka u wm!Kd OHdk ;;ajfhka is; by<g f.k taug yelsh'

fuu fhda.djprhd tf;lska ish wNsm@dh wjika jQjd hehs i;gg meusK ish

W;aiyh ,sys,a lr fkdf.k ;j |=rg;a ish ffu;@S ps;a;h jrAOkh l< hq;h' blans;sj

Ndjkdkqfhda.shdg we;af;a iSudjka blaujd ish fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jrAOkh lsrSfuz

mshjrhs'84 iSudjka blaujkq leue;s fhda.djprhd jsiska m<uq fldg ;udf.a w;sm@sh us;@hd

flfrys fu;a is; fydZoska m@.K fldg wk;rej uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jrAOkh

lsrSu werUsh hq;h' fuz wdldrfhka uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a jvd th fydZZoska m@.K

jQjdhska miqj ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;h'85 kej; tlS

ffjrS mqoa.,hka flfrys ffjrS ixZ{djka jsIaluzNkh lr uOHia:hg muqKqjk fpz;kdfjka

m@sh Ndjh o Wmojkakyq jsiska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkfhys ,d ;j ;j;a W;aiyj;a jsh

hq;h'86 ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jv;au ta mqoa.,hd flfrys fl@daO ixZ{djka my< fjz

kuz tjsg m<uq Ndjkd wruqKq jYfhka ;nd.kakd ,o ;udg m@sh mqoa.,hka w;rska hful

flfrys ffu;@S OHdk ,nd thska ke.sg kej; ffjrS mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg fu;a is; jvkakg

W;aiy .; hq;h'87 kuq;a thska o ;u is; Wmka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg wiu;a fjz kuz is;g

fkdfhl;a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndoSuz wkqidrfhka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg kej; kej; W;aiy

l< hq;h' 88

we;efulf.a ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a jdla – udkisl

yeisrSuz rgdj wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukisl iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz

rgdj u is;sh hq;h' we;eful jpkfhka mjik foa wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukia

iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;h' we;eful f.a jdpsl m@ldYk

Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a ldhsl yd udkisl wej;uz mej;uz rgdj wYdka;h' ta wYdka; ldh

ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jdla iudpdr u is;sh hq;h' we;efulf.a udkisl is;js,s rgdj

Ydka;h' ta nj ta mqoa.,hd lrk lshk lghq; wdosfhys oS ish,a,kag u oek .; yelsh' fkd

ikaiqka is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl jsiska is|= lrk ,nk lghq;j, jsoHudk jk wms,sfj< iajNdjh

uZ.ska ta mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; iajNdjh ms<snZo ;rul jegySula ,ensh yelsh' 89

we;efulf.a fuz ;@sjsO l@shdldrluz u wYdka;h'90 tnZ|= ;eke;a;d flfrys

lreKdj Wmojsh hq;h' lreKdj ksid fl@daOh ixisfZokafkah'91 fuz ms<snZoj wx.;a;r mZCoapl

ksmd;fhys iZoykajk w>d;mgsjskh iQ;@h bjy,a lr.; yelsh'92 fuz wdldrhg ;ud jsiskau

62

;ukag wjjdo lr .ekSu uZ.skq;a ;u oafjzIh my fkd.sh l< ;udf.a yd i;rdf.a lrAu

Yla;shu i,ld ixisZ|=jd .; hq;h'93 thska ;udf.a lrAu Yla;sh i,ld ne,sh hq; jkafka

Ydia;Dka jykafia .re fldg ;ndf.kh'94 fufia ie,lSfukq|= fkd ixisfZoa kuz wk;rej

Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! fndaOsiFj prs; l:djkays iZoyka jkakd jQ fndaOsiFj .Khka

ie,lSu ;<ska fyda th ixisZ|=jd .ekSu msKsi W;aiy .;hq;h'95 fufia Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a

mQj! prs; .K isys lr;|= fndfyda ld,hla flf,iqkag odhl jq Tyqf.a fl@daOh fkdixisfZoa kuz

wk;rej wku;.a.sh iQ;@h isys l< hq;h' ta l< hq;af;a o fuz wdldrfhks'96 tfia fu;a;d

ixl,amh jO!kh lr .kakg W;aiy fldg;a" fkdyels jsks kuz wkaouska fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fhys

oelafjk wkaoug ffu;@S ps;a;h m@.K lrkakg W;aiy l< hq;h'97 fufia fu;a;dksixi isys

fldg;a isf;ys oafjzIh myj fkdfha kuz O; jsksrAfNda.h l<hq;h'98 Od; jsksrAfNda.h

lrkakg fkdyels jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd jsiska odkh uZ.ska fyda fl@daO fpz;kdj |=re lrkakg

W;aidy l< hq;h' 99

fuz wdldrfhka fl@daOh ixisfZo;a u m@sh - w;sm@sh – iydh – uOHia:hka flfrys

fuka ta ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o is; ffu;@S jYfhka mj;shs' tjsg Tyq kej; kej; ffu;@S

fldg iSud iuzfNaoh l< hq;h' ;ud flfrys o" m@shhd flfrys o" uOHia:hd flfrys o" iu

is;a bmsojSu iSud iuzfNaohhs'100 fuz wdldrfhka iSud iuzfNaoh ,n;a u ta mqoa.,hd ksus;a; o

Wmpdr o hk folu ,enQ Wmpdr iudOsfhka hqla; iudys; is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl f,i

ie,fla'101 iSudiuzfNaoh ,nd.;a miqj Wmojd .kakd ,o ta ksus;a;u jv jvd;a fiajkh

lr;au jrAOkh lr;au mqZM,a njg uy;a iajNdjhg m;alr;au ksrdhdifhka mGjs lisKfhys

olajk ,o mrsos OHdkhl uQ,sl wjia:djjQ wm!Kd wjia:dj olajd th oshqKq fjz'101 fuf;lska ta

Ndjkdkqfhda.shd laf,aY mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hka m@ySK lrk ,o tfukau lY, mdCIsl

mZCoapdx.hkaf.ka iukajs; jQ" ;@sjsO l,HdK iuzm;ska wkQk jQ yd oY ,CIKfhka hqla; jQ

ffu;@S iy.; m@:u OHdkh ,enq mqoa.,fhla fjz'102 fuz wdldrfhka uy;a fia |=Ialr;d jsZo b;d

jer jEhuska Wmojd .kakd ,o ta m@:u OHdk ksus;a;u ;j |=rg;a fiajkh lruska jrAOkh

lruska mqZM,a njg m;alruska wkq ms<sfj<ska iQ;@ msglfhys p;Ial kHdfhka jsia;r flfrk

mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh OHdkhkag o103 thu fjk;a f,ilska jsia;r lrf;d;a wkq ms<sfj<ska

wNsOrAu msglfhys mZ[apl khHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh yd p;F:s

OHdkhkag o meusKSug yelshdjla we;s lr .kshs'104 fuys oS fhda.djprhd jsiska Wmojd .kakd

,o m@:u" OHdkdoSka w;frka lsishuz OHdkhl isg ffu;@S is;ska tla osYdjla m;rjd jdih lrhs'

tfiau fojk" f;jk yd i;r jk osYd o Wv hg yd yria w; o hk ish,qu ia:dkhkays iEu

w;skau irAj iuzmQrAK wdldrfhka yd irAj iudk f,i uqZM uy;a f,dalh jsmq, jQ uyoa.; jQ

wm@udK jQ wffjr jQ wjHdmcAc jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jHdma; lr ta wkqj iajlSh

prAhd me;slv o Bg wkq.; lrjd .kshs'105 fulS jslnznK m@dma; iajNdjh ,efnkafka m@:u

OHdkdoS jYfhka wm!Kdj Wmojd .kakd ,o mqoa.,hdguh' jslnznK kuz fuys oela jQ TOsfid

63

fyda wfkdOsfid jYfhka mqoa., prAhdjg n,mEuz lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnk mrsoafoka fu;a;d

ixl,amh ixcdkk jYfhka jHdma; lsrSuhs' TOsfidMrK ffu;@sh kuz tla tla osYd jYfhka

iSud fjkalrf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSuhs'

li, OrAuhla yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys

jrAOkh lsrSu msKsi W;aiyj;a lsrSu idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpr ( Moral ) .Khkaj,ska

msrsmqka jSu f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' fuys oS idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpdr ( Moral ) hk

jpk foflys kshudrA:h meyeos,s lr.; hq;af;a ;@s msglh ;< idrOrAu yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu

meyeos,s lr olajd we;af;a li, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu f,i nejsks' idrOrAu hkqfjka

woyia jkafka huz lsis wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSudjk tu wd.ug fyda ixialD;shg wh;a

idudcslhkaf.a fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdjhs' iodpdrh hkafkka woyia jkqfha tfia

wd.ul fyda ixialD;shlg iSud fkdjQ tfy;a fmd|= jsYajSh OrAu;djhla jYfhka yeufokdu

talu;slju fydZo hehs ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; yd iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj fjhs' fu;ek oS meyeos,s

lr .; hq; foa jkafka nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj uska luk

ldKavhg wh;a jkafkao hk ldrKhhs'

nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk yeisrSuz rgdj ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj i,ld n,f;d;a

meusKsh yels ks.ukh jkqfha yqfola tu yeisrSuz rgdjka lsishuz wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg

iSud fkdjk njhs' tu ksid tu yeisrSuz rgdjka iodpdrh hkakg jvd;a iuSm fjz' tfiau

wd.usl ixorANhla ;< idlpzPd lr we;s ksid tajd idrOrAu f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enQj;a tys

lsis|= jrola fkdue;' nq|= iufhka fmkakquz lrkq ,nk idrOrAu fyj;a iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz

li, hk mofhka iy fndaOsmdCIsl OrAu;d f,i oyu ;< jsia;r flfrA' fuz wkqj li,

idrOrAu fyda iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj ksrEmKh lrk w;r nq|= oyuska fmkajk mru

ksIaGdj jk fndaOsh fyj;a wjfndaOh lrd hk .ufkys oS tu wjfndaOh ,enSu msKsi jqjukd

lrk lreKq fyj;a iq|=iqluz fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu;d f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

wka;rA.; jkakd jQ idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj li, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl

OrAu f,i fuys fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S" prAhd yd

iudc jsoHd;aul hk mokuz my f.k ne,Q l, meyeos,s jkafka li, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu

hkafkka .efkk idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz fuz ;< wka;rA.; njh'

fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oefkk iajNdjh wOsl nejska tys wdfjzok moku fiiq

mokuzj,g jvd jevsmqr olakg ,efnz hehs flfkl fmkajd fohs' th li, yd fndaOs mdCIsl

OrAu;d jYfhka i;r n@yau jsyrK uZ.ska ksrEmKh fj;ehs thg ksoiqka bosrsm;a lr;s' fuz

w;r ;j flfkl olajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska wlY, uQ, ;fkka oafjzI uQ,h hgm;a lr

ouk nejska fuu ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku fjk;a mokuz j,g jvd wOsl iajNdjfhka

olakg ,efnk njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fya; fldg f.k we;s lr.kakd fhdksfidaukisldrh

64

jspdrmQj!l iajNdjh jeks lreKq li, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu j,g ksoiqka jYfhka f.k yer

olaj;s' fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul jYfhka wfkHdkH Wmldrh" iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh jeks

lreKq j,ska fmdfydi;a nejska fuys prAhd moku jvd wOsl nj ;j;a wh f.k yer olaj;s'

fuz ish,qu lreKq iudc jYfhka iuQyhla jYfhka iduQyslj lghq; lsrSu msKsi jeo.;a jk

nejska fuu ixl,amh iudc moku w;ska fjk;a mokulg jvd bosrsfhka isgsk nj ;j;a wh

fmkajd fo;s' by; lS mokuz ish,a,u fkd wvqj ijsu;aj olakg ,enSuu fuys Z{dk jsNd.Sh

mokfuys ijsu;aNdjh fmkajd fok lreKla f,i ;j;a fndfyda fokd iZoyka lr;s'

fuz wkqj fmkajd osh yelafla li, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

.enzjk udkqIsl jgskdluhs' ish,qu li,hka ffu;@sh ;< wka;rA.; l< yelafla ish,qu

li,hka wrA:j;a l< yelafla ukqIH m@cdjla ;< oS muKla jk nejsks' tfukau fndaOs mdCIsl

OrAuhka o m@dfhda.slj wrA: iuzmkakNdjhg m;a lr .; yels jkafka o cSj m@cdjla wruqKq

fldg ta cSj m@cdfjys hym; Wfoid fuu OrAuhkays .enzjk Wmfhda.S;d ,CIK u; flfrk

mrsos l@shd;aul l< yels jk ksid muKs' fndaOs hk jpkh ;<g ksrAjdK OrAuh yd wfkl;a

wjfYaI li, OrAu ish,a,;a wka;rA.; l< yels fjhs' fndaOs hk jpkh iuZ. fhoS we;s

;ka;rd fndaOsh fndaOsiFj hk jpk .;al< tys oelafjkafka ksrAjdKdOs.uh fyj;a nq|=

iufhys js.@y jkakd jQ mru ksIaGdj yd tu ksIaGdj YdlaId;alrKh msKsi wkq.ukh

lrkakd jQ huzlsis l@udkQl~, jevms,sfj<la hkqfjka wmg huzlsis m@udKsl woyila fuz ms<snZoj

we;s lr.; yelsjkq we;' li, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s

Wmfhda.S;djh oelafjkqfha oS> ksldfha ilalmZ[ay iQ;@fhysh' tysos ila fojsZ|= nq|=r|=kaf.ka

jsuid isgskqfha usksiqka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j isgSu m@sh lrk uq;a Tjqkag tfia isgSug

fkdyels jS we;s fya;j ms<snojhs'106 tu mekhg nq|=r|=kaf.a ms<s;r jkafka BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk

ixfhdackhka fol fya;fjka fuu fu;a;d ixl,amh ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys yg .ekSug ndOd

we;slrjk njhs'107 B <Z.g nq|=r|=ka olajkqfha fuu BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdack OrAu fol

yg .ekSug fya;jQ ksOdk jQ ldrKhhs' fuysoS BrAIHd ud;aiH! fol m@sh yd wm@sh i;aFjhka

ksok fldg yg .kakd nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska Yl@hd yg myod fokq ,nk fial'108

fu;a;d ixl,amh yd ;s@ YsCIdj w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOfhys iajrEmh js.@y

lr ne,Su uZ.ska ;@s YsCIdj flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh ms<snZoj meyeos,s

ks.uhlg meusKsug mqMjk' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk moku" wdfjzok moku" prAhd moku"

Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r mylska iukajs;h' fuu ia:r mfika ixcdkk

moku" wdfjzok moku yd prAhd moku hk ia:r ;k l@shd;aul jkafka uQ,sl udkqIsl ixfjzok

lafIa;@fhysh' fyj;a mqoa.,dNHka;r.;jh' b;srs ia:r fol jk Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc

moku hk ia:r Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk tajdh' tfukau tlS ia:r fol iudc

jsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;ah' fuu udkqIsl ia:r ;k f,i ie,flk ia:rj,ska ixcdkk

mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha ;@s YsCIdfjka m@{d YsCIdfjysh' ;@s

65

YsCIdfjka wdfjzok mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iudOs YsCIdfjysh'

tfuka u ;@s YsCIdfjka prAhd mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iS,

YsCIdfjysh' fuhg wu;r jYfhka Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk b;srs ia:r fol jk

{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r fol m@Z{d YsCIdjg wh;ah' oidx.sl wrAy;a ud.!

m@;smodjg wka;rA.; fia ie,flk iuzud Z{dk yd iuzud jsuq;a;s hk udrA.dx. fol;<

.enzjk mssrsmqka wjia:djka fuu ia:r fol uZ.ska ukdj uQrA;su;a l< yelsh'

fu;a;d ixl,amh kuz lfhka jpkfhka yd ukiska ish,q ffcj f,dalhd

jsIfhys ys; iqj we;sjk whqrska lghq; lsrSuhs' iS,h uZ.ska is|= flfrkafka o ldhsl yd jdpisl

ixjrh ;ud ;< we;s lr.ekSu uZ.ska ish,q ffcjS f,dj flfrys ys; iqj we;sjkdldrfhka

lghq; lsrSuh' ta wkqj iS,fhka lh yd jpkfhys ixjrh wfmaCId l<;a tu iS,h wrA:j;a

flfrkqfha ish,q ffcj f,dj jsIfhys ukiska o ffu;@S fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k l@shd

l<fyd;a muKs' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iS,h w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOh b;d oevs

jQjla fukau wjYHu jQ iy iuznJOhla nj meyeos,s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jvd;au jeo.;au

,CIKh jkqfha th .sys mejsos ia;@S mqreI fNaohlska f;drj isjzjkla msrsigu idOdrKjk

wdldrfhka wkqoek jodrd we;s njh. nq|=iufha we;euz ixl,am mejsos mCIh Wfoid jevs

wjOdrKhlskq;a .sys mCIh Wfoid idudkH ugzgulskq;a wkqoek jodrd we;.nUir yeisrSu

tjeks ixl,amhls.th mejsos mCIh fj;ska jjkfha mrsiudma; ugzgfuz Wmrsu wdldrfhka

;snshhq; hehs n,dfmdfrd;a; jkafka mejsos mCIh .sys iudchg iEu wxYhlskau wdorAYhlaj

mej;sh hq; hehs iudc wdl,amhla mej;Suh. fuz hgf;a iEu jsgloSu mrudorAYS njla yd

mrudorAYS yeisrSula mejsos mCIh fj;ska .sys mCIh wfmaCId lrkq ,efnz'109

kuq;a .sys iudch fj;ska tnZ|= wdldrfha oevs jskhj;a meje;aula iudch

wfmaCId fkdlrhs..sys mCIh fj;ska iudch n,dfmdfrd;a; jkafka Bg jvd ,sys,a m@;sm;a;shla

jk ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSuhs.jsOsu;a mjq,a ixia:djla .; lruska iajlSh jrA.hdf.a

meje;au ;yjqre lsrSula o iudch idudkH .sys mCIfhka n,dfmdfrd;a; fjz' kuq;a fu;a;d

ixl,amh ;< by; olajk ,o n@yauprsh ixl,amh fuka .sys mejsos jsfYaIFjhla olakg

fkd,efnz.fuu ixl,amfhys ia;@S mqreI jYfhka jsfYaIFjhlao olakg fkd,efnz.ta ishZM iFjhd

jsIfhys jsYaj idOdrK OrAu;djhla jYfhka ffu;@sh l@shd;aul jk nejsks.i;r i;smgzGdk

OrAuhkao fuz whqrska .sys mejsos fNaohlska f;drj ishZM fokd jsIfhysu wod< jkakls.fuz ksid

i;r i;smgzGdk OrAuhka jevSu muKgu ffu;@s ixl,amh jevSuo tl yd iudk

jeo.;alulska hqla;jQ fohls. tfiau fuz fya;j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh u;msgska jsoHudkjk

tys jpkdrA:h blaujd hk fndfyda mqZM,a yd .eUqre jQjla nj meyeos,s fjz'

66

NsCIq cSjs;h ;< ;u wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys meje;ajsh hq; wdpdrAhj; olajk

uydj.a.md,sfha LJOlhka ;< ta yeu j;lau meje;ajsh hq;jkafka .rejrhd flfrys fu;a;d

fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg nj olajhs. wdpdrAh WmdOHdh iy ioaOsjsydrslhd w;r meje;ajsh hq;jQ

.re isiq inZo;djfhys iajNdjh mshmq; iafkayh fukajQ fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg .;a;la

nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;'110 nq|=iiqfka yrs wvlau rZod mj;skafka l,HdK us;@Fjh

u;fkaoehs jsuiQ wdkkao ysushkayg nq|=r|=ka foaYkdfldg jodf<a nq|=iiqfka yrs wvla fkdj uqZM

iuznqoaO idikhu rZod mj;skafka l<HdK us;@Fjh u; njhs.fuhska meyeos,s jkafka iuzmQrAK

nqoaO idikfhysu moku fu;a;d ixl,amh njhs.

nq|=rdcKkajykafia mejsos mCIhg jskh YsCId mo;a .sys mCIhg mkais,a wgis,a

yd oiis,a hk prAhd YsCIKh;a mkjd we;af;a lh jpk ixjr lr.ekSu ;<ska mYapd;a ld,Sk

ps;a; ixjrAOkhg wjYH lrkakd jQ udkisl miqnsu ta uZ.ska we;slr .;yels nejsks. b;d rZM

yeisrSuz rgdjla we;s usksiqkaf.a tu m@d:usl ;;ajfha yeisrSu l@udkQl~,j ixialrK

l@shdj,shlg Ndckh lsrSu ;<ska muKla jvd by< udkisl ugzgulg wj;SrAK jshyels

fyhsks.kuq;a lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fha yd fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fha jeks iQ;@ foaYkdj, fmkajd fok

wkaoug fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;<ska huzlsis mqoa.,fhlf.a ukfiys uD|=nj ieye,a,q nj

l@shdldrSnj yd kuHYS,SNdjh jeks .Kdx. jO!khg m;ajSu fya;fldg f.k ta mqoa.,hd uq,ska

olajk ,o m@d:usl prAhd ixialrK l@shdj,shlg NdckhjSu wkjYH iajNdjfhkau fydZo

ldreKsl .;s we;s mrdrA:lduS uD|= wysxil is;a we;af;l njg m;afjz.111

wx.;a;r ksldfha kjl ksmd;fha .sys mCIh jsiska fmdfydh oskhkays

iudokajsh hq;hehs ksrAfoaYfldg olajd we;s ‘kjdx. Wfmdai: YS,fhys’uq,a YsCIdmo wg

wIaGdx. Wfmdai: YS,hg wh;a YsCIdmo wgu jk w;r wjidk fyj;a kjjk YsCIdmoh f,i

olajd we;af;a ishZM iFjhka jsIfhys ffu;@S iy.; is;ska hq;j jsiSu iudoka fjus hkqhs.uska

.uH jkqfha fmr iZoyka l<djQ YsCIdmo wggu mokuz jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhu njhs.fu;koS

olakg ,efnk ;j;a jsfYaIhla jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul ixialrK YsCIK jsOs

l@uhla jYfhkao Ndjs;hg .ekSug nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;s njhs.

mqoa.,fhlf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr.ekSfuzoS m@Odk jYfhka fohdldr

jQ l@ufjzohla Tiafia l@shd l< hq; nj nq|=iuh meyeos,s lrhs.m<uqfldg whym;a foa lsrSfuka

je<lsh hq;h' fuh ‘jsr;s’kdufhka yeZoskafjhs' jsr;s hkq fjkajSuhs' mjska yd wli,fhka

fjkajSu, jsr;s kus.fuu jsr;s ffp;isl jYfhka .;al< iuzud jdpd" iuzud luzuka;" iuzud

wdcSj jYfhka jsr;s ;kls.fuu jsr;s jkdyS iuzm;a;s jYfhkao iudodk jYfhkao iuqpzfPAo

jYfhka hkqfjka ;ka wdldrfjz.jsr;s uZ.ska is|=lrkqfha by; oelajQ wkaoug mqoa.,hd

whym;ska je<elajSuhs.nq|=iuh olajk ffp;isl ixjrAOkh bka fl<jr fkdfjz' th wdruzNh

67

muKs. fu;eka isg ta mqoa.,hd tu isf;ys jO!kh lr.;hq; hym;a foa mqKH yd li,

kdufhka olajd we;. hym;a foa hg;g wh;a jkafka oi mqKH l@shd oi li, OrAu ima;

fndcACOx. wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h i;r iDoaOsmdo i;r i;smgzGdk i;r iuzmm@Odk

mxpbJ|@sh mxpn, hk OrAuhs. fuhska oi jeoEreuz jQ mqKH yd li,hka yerekqjsg fiiq OrAu

ish,a,lau mdfya wh;a jkqfha ‘fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu’ hg;gh' fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu kuz nq|=iufha

oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzguhs. huzlsis mqoa.,fhla fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkafkakuz

yd ta wkqj l@shd;aul jkafkakuz ksrdhdifhkau ta mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu jsr;s

ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu wNsnjd nq|=iufha oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu olajd

pss;a; oshqKqj we;sfjk nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz' fuu fmkajdoSu olakg ,efnkafka

fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wkqiia oelafjk lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fhysh. uska meyeos,s jkafka

fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk ffp;isl ixjrAOk li,;djhhs.112 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu

;<ska ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr .kakdjQ mqoa.,hd orAYk iuzmkakj ishZM lduhkays

ixisZoSug meusK kej; ujzli jdihg fkdmeusfKk nj fyj;a iir |=l fl<jr lr ksjkg

m;ajk nj fuhska lshfjz.;j;a whqrlska lsjfyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevqjd jQ mqoa.,hd ishZM

fndaOsmdCIsl OrAuhka jevQ mqoa.,fhlf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgug meusfKa.

by; oelafjk wdldrfhka huz mqoa.,fhl ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu fu;a;d

ixl,amh jevSu uZ.ska ksrAjdKdjfndaOh olajd oshqKq lr.ekSu ‘fu;a;d fpzf;da

jsuqla;s’kdufhka ‘fu;a; iQ;@fhys’ olajd we;.113 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;<ska fpzf;da

jsuqla;sh we;slr.; yelsnj fmkajdoSu ;< ksrAjdKdjfndaOh iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfha we;s

Wmfhda.S;djh meyeos,sfjz. fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wdksixi tfld<ila fu;a; iQ;@fha jsia;r

lr ;sfnz. ta w;rska is; b;d blaukska iudOs.; jSfuz yelshdj we;sjSu tla wdksixihls' fuh ta

fo wxYfhkau Wiia ;,hla lrd .ukalsrSfuz yelshdj fuz;<ska mqoa.,fhlayg ksrdhdifhkau

,efnk nejsks.114 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS th ps;a; iudOsh

yd lsishuz iuznJO;djla olajkafka oehs jsuis,a,g ,la lsrSu jeo.;ah' iudOsh hkqfjka woyia

jkqfha isf;ys lsishuz tlZ.Ndjhla we;s jSuhs' ke;fyd;a we;slr .ekSuhs' fuu tlZ.Ndjh

jkdyS tlajru we;s jka fohla fkdj l@udkQl~,j isf;ys j.d lr.; hq; fohls' le<Us we;s

uy c, lZola tla jru ksYap, jkafka fkdfjz' tfukau r;a jS we;s hlvhla tlajru isis,a

jkafka fkdfjz' kuq;a fuu l@shdjka folu is|= fkd jkafka fkdfjz' wjYH jkafka thg jqjukd

ld,h thg ,nd oSuhs' isf;ys l@shdldrSFjh o uqZM ukskau fkdfj;;a tla;rd |=rlg by;

olajk ,o ixisoaOSka fohlg iudk lr oelajsh yelsh' le,US we;s uy c, lZo ksYap, jkafka

huz fiao" r;a jS we;s hlvh isis,a jkafka huz fiao f.dapr wruqKq ,en tys ukdj msysgqjd .;a

l< ke;fyd;a msysgs l< is;o l@udkql~,j ixisZoSug meusfKa' fuu l@shdldrSFjh iudOsh

kdufhka yZZ|=kajkq ,nhs' iudOsh ms<snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuzoS is;g iudOsh ,enSug uZ. wjqrk

tla;rd udkisl |=rAj,;djhka lsysmhla ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka flrS we;' fuu

68

udkisl |=rAj,;djhka my mxp kSjrK OrAu kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz' kSjrK OrAu uZ.ska

isf;ys meyem;a udkisl l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd muqKqjd isf;ys wZ|=re l@shdldrSFjhg bv lv

i,id fokq ,nhs' ps;a; iudOsh yg.ekSug fnfyjska Wmldrj;a jkafka isf;ys meyem;a

udkisl l@shdldrSFjhhs' fuu udkisl l@shdldrS iajNdjhka my isf;ka uZolg fyda bj;aj hd

kuz tjsg is; ksYap, iajNdjhlg meusfKa' tu ksYap, iajNdjh is; ;ekam;a lrk tla;eka

lrk Ndjuh ;;ajhls' fuu ufkdaNdjh iudOs kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,nhs' b;du;au blaukska

iudOs keue;s ufkdaNdjhlg isf;ys msjsiqu we;s jkafka is; m@fndaOu;a lrjkakd jQ is;sjs,s

oduhla we;sjk jsgoSh' is; isis,a lrjk is; iqkaor lrjk is;sjs,s oduhla ffu;@Sh ;ruz fjk

;j;a fkdue;' fu;a;d ixl,amh u.Zska i;aFj wruqK flaJ|@fldgf.k is;g isis,i ,nd fohs'

ys;j;a nj" iqjm;a nj" fkd.efgk nj fuu i;aFjh wruqfKys we;s isis,hs' fuz ;<

ixcdkkuh ixisoZSuo" wfjzokd;aul ixisoZSuo" prAhd ixisoZSuo olakg ,efnz' ixisZ|=kq is; ukdj

tla;eka lrjk w;r tla;eka jQ is; ukdj iqj t<jhs' ixhq;a; ksldfha wdKmdk j.a.fhys

oelafjkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ps;a; iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu msKsi flfia bjy,a jkafkao hkak

hk ldrKhhs'115 tfukau fuysoS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h Wmojd .ekSu msKsi fukau ish,q

OHdkdx. jO!kh lsrSu msKsi o fu;a;d ixl,amh mqre|= lsrSu jevSu myiqjla nj olajd ;sfnz'116

tfiau kshu l,HdK us;@Fjh hkqfjka wrA:j;a flfrkqfhao wdhH! wIagdx.sl

udrA.h jevSug Wojzz Wmldr lsrSu nj ixhq;a; ksldfha l<HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS we;'

wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSu iZoyd;a isf;a iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu iZoyd;a l,HdK us;@

iuzm;a;sh uy;a fia Wojz jk whqre tys oelafjz'117 l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh we;s mqoa.,hd u

wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jvk nj;a tlS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jsfjzlh weiqre l<" jsrd.h

weiqre l< yd ksfrdaOh weiqre l< is;ska jShH! lsrSfuka ps;a; iudOSka oshqKq l< yels nj;a tys

oelafjz'118ixhq;a; ksldfha iQrsh fmhHd,fha l,HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys oelafjk mrsos l,HdK us;@

iuzm;a;sh we;a;d jsiskau ksrAjdK m@;smodj iuzmQrAK lrk nj fmkajd osh yelsh'120 tfiau

wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h jvkakd jQ fy;ux jsfjzlh o" jsrd.ho" ksfrdaOho weiqre lruska

ksrAjdKh wruqKq lr.;a b;d by< iudOSka ,nd .ekSfuys kshe,qfkl jk njo olajd ;sfnz'121

ixhq;a; ksldfhys |=;sh l,HdK fu;a; iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha l,HdK

us;@Fjh wdrAh wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSug mQrAj m@;smodjla jYfhka Ndjs;d jk njhs'122 rd.h

oafjzIh yd fudayh hk f;joEreuz wlY, uQ,hkaf.ka f;dr jSu iZoyd l,HdK us;@Fjh mQrAj

fldg we;s fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.K lsrSu w;HjYH jk njhs'123 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd m@{dfjys

l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSu uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@{dj flfrys lukdldr

Wmfhda.S;djhla olajkafkaoehs jsuis,a,g l,a l< yelsh' idudkH jHjydrfha oS oekqu ixcdkk

li,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,l;;a nq|= oyu wkqj ixcdkk li,;djfhys mru

ksIaGdj f,i i,lkq ,nkqfha m@Z{djhs' fuz wkqj nq|=iuh jsiska o oekqu tys ixcdkk

li,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj jk m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h f,i fkdi,l;;a

69

m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd .kakd os. jHdhdufhaoS buy;a f,iska m@fhdackj;a jkakla f,i wrA:

olajd ;sfnz'124 nq|= iufha m@Z{dj kdufhka woyia lrk ,oafoa idudkH kqjK blaujd .sh

iqjsfYaIS wjia:djls' oekqu kqjK m@Z{dj ,enSug bjy,a fjz' tfy;a oekqu yd kqjK m@Z{dj

,enSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h fkdfjz' wLKav ksrSCIKh;a wp, isysh;a ;<ska huzlsis jsIh

m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj meusfKk taldka; wjfndaOh jQl,S m@Z{djhs'125 m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd is|=

lrkakd jQ |=Ialr jHdhdufha oS thg wjYH lrkakd jQ ixcdkk li,;djh we;s lr .ekSu

msKsi wjYH flfrk uQ,sl miqnsu ilia lr fokq ,nkqfha wdfjzok yd prAhd mCIfhka Bg

wkql~, jk mrsos kshus; m@.;shla ,nd isgshfyd;a muKh hk wrA:l:kh nq|= iufhka bosrsm;a

jS ;sfnz' uQ,sl jYfhka m@:u mshjfrys oS prAhd m@.;sh Wod lr .ekSu Wfoid iS, YsCIKh o"

oajs;Sh mshjfrys oS wdfjzok mCIfhka Bg wkkql~< m@.;sh Wod lr,Su msKsi iudOs YsCIKh

o" nq|= iufhka ksrAfoaY jS ;sfnz'126 fuh w;sYh |=Ialr jHdhduhls' fuzid |=Ialr jHdhduhl

fhfokakdg ks;r we;s jkafka ish |=Ialr ldrAhh ms<snZoj udkisl fjfyils' we;euz jsgl

fufia we;s jkakd jQ udkisl fjfyi |=re lr ;j |=rg;a tlS |=Ialr jHdhdufhys wk,iaj ksr;

lrjSu msKsi lsishuz m@fndaO ckl hula idudkH ukqIHFjhg fmd|= udkqIsl |=rAj,;d iys;

usksfilg wjYHh' fuz m@fndaO ckl foh Tyq tlS Ndjkd wruqKska uE;a fkdlrkakd jQ;a tfiau

;j ;j;a Ndjkd wruqK fj; <x lrjkakd jQ;a fohlajSu nq|=iuh miihs' tu wruqK fmroers

lrf.k nq|=iuh fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj ,enSfuz YsCIK udrA.h yd iuznJO lrhs'127 fu;a;d

ixl,amh jkdyS ldhsl" udkisl yd jdpisl jYfhka iajdr;@fhkau th l@shd;aul l< yels

w;sYh m@dfhda.sl jQjla nj ta ms<snZoj .eUqrska jsYaf,aIKh lr ,nk jsg fmkS hk ldrKhls'

idudkH ck;dj w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo we;s tla |=rAjfndaOhla jkqfha yqfola ffu;@s l<

hq; jkafka udkisl jYfhka muKla njhs' fuz u;h b;du;a idjoH jQjls' fu;a;d ixl,amh

jkdyS udkisl jYfhka" tfukau jpkh Ndjs;fhka yd YdrSrsl l@shd udrA.fhka hk l@shd

udrA. ;k lrK fldgf.ku iuia; iudch ;<u l@shd;aul l< hq; njhs'

fu;a;d ixl,amh ldh" jpS yd ufkda hk oajdr;@fhkau jsh hq; nj ucACOsu

ksldfha pQ, f.daisx. iQ;@fhys oelafjz' tys oelafjk wdldrhg huz lsis mqoa.,fhl bosrsmsg

fukau ta mqoa.,hd fkdue;s jsg;a YrSrh jpkh yd uki Ndjs;fhka ffu;@sh me;srjSu nq+|=

iufhka ksrAosIag l@shdudrA.h f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' idudkHfhka ffu;@sh lsrSu hkafkka woyia

flfrkqfha ffu;@sh Ndjkdjla jYfhka is; ;< m@.K lsrSuhs' kuq;a fuysoS is; ;< m@.K

lrk ,o ffu;@sh jpkh yd YdrSrsl l@shdjka uZ.ska msg;g t<s olajd iudch iuZ. lghq;

lsrSu woyia jS ;sfnz' 128

� fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:dfu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:dfu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:dfu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:d

( Metta Concept & Social Institution )

70

iosid kuialdrh ;< ksrEms; jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo idlpzPd lsrSu

uZ.ska th mqoa., ixcdkk yd prAhd ,CIK ilia lrjSu flfrys nq|= iufhka m@Ndjs; fndoaO

ufkdajsoHdj;< flfia Wmhqla; jSoehs meyeos,s wjfndaOhlg meusKSug yelshdj ,efnz' fu;a;d

idrOrAufhys ixcdkk yd prAhd mokug wh;ajkafka wNHka;r yd ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s

lr.ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh. fuz uZ.ska mqoa., idrOrAu yd m@;sudk ( Values & Norms )

wdrCIdjSu flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh

flfrA' isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h, l,y jsjdo iQ;@h,lrKShfu;a; iQ;@h, fu;a; iQ;@h iy pQ< f.disx.

iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkdjkaf.ka yd jsYoaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk jsjsO ffu;@S Ndjkd l@uhkaf.ka

m@lgjkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsuid nef,a'

jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<jk whqrska fu;a;d ixl,amfha ufkda

jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla ixcdkk yd prAhd moku uZ.ska bosrsm;a

flfrA.fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd pQ< f.daisx. iQ;@h jeks

iQ;@ foaYkd uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; iqjsfYaI ,CIK jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz'129

tfukau fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj yd fiiq ngysr ufkda jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.; jkakdjQ jsIh

fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a kHdhhka yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;,kd;aulj jsYaf,aYKh lsrSu;<ska

fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ufkda jsoHd;aul Ndjs;dfjz we;s Wmfhda.S;djh biau; fldg oelajSu

ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ;<ska is|= flfrA' jsfYaIfhkau fuys oS pQ< f.disx. iQ;@fhys we;s

Wmfhda.S;djh jeo.;a jkqfha tuZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl jYfhka

f;jsOsfhkau jrAOkh l< hq; jQ ixl,amhla f,i fmkajd oS w;s fyhsks'130 fuz uZ.ska we;euz

fokd ;< ;sfnkakd jQ idjoH woyila tkuz fu;a;d ixl,amh yqfola udkisl wxYfhka muKh

hk us:Hd woyi ksrjoH fkdjk nj fmkajd fohs' tfukau nq|=iuhdkQl~,j js.@yjk fu;a;d

ixl,amfhys we;s mrsmQrAK iajNdjho fuz ;<ska ukdj fy<sfmfy<s fjz' 131

isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys ufkda jsoHd;aul ,CIKhka wka;rA.; ixcdkk yd prAhd

moku wrA: oelafjkafka hq;luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldrfhks' fuu hq;luz yd j.lSuz

l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakd jQ uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih;<

wfkHdkH jYfhka ls@hd;aul jkakd jQ ysff;IS iajNdjhla mej;sh hq;h' fuu ysff;IS Ndjh

kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka udkj ixia:dfjz wfkHdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s

lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfha ldrAhNdrh b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk njhs'132 isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys

oS nq|=rcdKka jykafia YD.d,l kuz .Dym;s mq;@hdg foaYkd fldg we;af;a wdhH! jskfhys oS

wkq.ukh l< hq; jQ l@shd udrA. moaO;shls' fuh tu iQ;@fhys yeZoskafjkqfha Igz osid

kuialdrh jYfhks' tys oS wdhH! mqoa.,fhl yg i;r lu! laf,aY m@ySK lsrSu iZoyd Wojz

jkakd jQ uQ,sl lreKq i;r f,i olajkqfha iFjhkaf.a cSjs; whs;sh ( m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu )

" foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh ( wo;a;dodkfhka je<lSu )" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla

.;lsrSfuz whs;sh ( ldufhys jrojd yeisrSfuka je<lSu ) iy ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys

71

wjYH;djh ( fndrelSfuka je<lSu ) hk lreKq i;r iqrCIs; lsrSu fjhs' fuhska m@dK>d;h

fyj;a mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu is|=jkqfha o" foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg

iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg iqrCIs;

lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys wjYH;djh iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o fu;a;d

ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lsrSu uZ.sks' idudkH mxpYS, m@;smodfjz uq,a wx. i;r hg;g

.efkk lreKq i;ru fuys oS o jsia;r lr we;s w;r tu lreKq i;r mqoa.,fhlf.a isf;ys

jrAOkh jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uq,a jSfuka nj fuz uZ.ska meyeos,s fjz'133

mxpYS, m@;smodfjys miajk wx.h f,i olajk hym;a isysl,amkdfjka isgSfuz

whs;sh ke;fyd;a iDKd;aul fm<UjSfuka je<lSu ( ryfur mdkfhka je<lSu ) isZ.df,dajdo

iQ;@fhys olajkqfha iuzm;a jskdYhg fya;jkakd jQ udrA.hla jYfhks' mqoa.,fhl ;< hym;a

isys l,amkdjla fkdue;s jSu fya;fjka we;s jkakd jQ .egZM iy.; ;;ajhka fuz wdldrfhka

olajd ;sfnz' tkuz jia; jskdYh" l,y we;sjSu" frda.dndO yg.ekSu" wmlSrA;sh ,enSu" ,cAcd

rys;nj" yd kqjK |=n,jSu tu lreKq ldrKd fjz' fuu lreKq msrslaid ,nk jsg ta iEu

lreKlau yg .efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg fkdf.k we;s ksid nj meyeos,s fjz'

hfula ;ud iy iudch w;r we;s us;re nj mZM|= jk wdldrfha by; iZoyka lghq; iZoyd

m@fjzY jkafka tu ;eke;a;df.a isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjSu ksid nejz

meyeos,sh'134

tnZ|= fNda. jskdY uqL ihla fuz iQ;@fhys olajd we;' bka fojk lreK jkafka

fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKhhs' fuz uZ.ska ;ud fukau ;ukaf.a wUqorejkayg we;sjk wkdrCIs; nj"

Ok jskdYh" iellghq; mqoa.,fhl jSu" wN~; fpdaokdj,g uqyqK mEu jeks fndfyda

lrorj,g uqyqK mEug fuz ksid mqoa.,hdyg is|= fjz' fuys oS mqoa., jYfhka fukau iudc

jYfhka o wfkHdakH jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka neyerj lghq; lsrSfuz wdoSkj fmkakquz

lrkq ,nhs' fuys oS mqoa.,hd iudchg ffu;@S lrkafkl fkdjSfuz fya;fjka iudch o

mqoa.,hdyg ffu;@S fkdlsrSfuz m@jK;djh fukau iudcfhka mqoa.,hd fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh

fkdoelajSfuz fya;fjka mqoa.,hd o fmr,d iudchg fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdolajkafkl jSfuz

iuzNdjs;djh fuz ;< b;du;a u meyeos,sju .enz fjz'135

fNda. jskdYhg fya;jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka

jkqfha kD;H orAYkhkag ks;r ks;r hduhs' ke;fyd;a thgu wenzneys jS tajdfhysu we,S .e,S

lghq; lsrSuhs' jsfkdaodiajdohkays ks;r fofjzf,a we,S .e,S lghq; lsrSu fya;fjka ;ukaf.a

jD;a;Suh yd iudc lghq;j, ksis m@.;shla Wod fkdjk nj fuys we;s wys;lr M, jsmdlhhs'

mqoa.,fhl jYfhka muKla fkdj iudc jYfhka o oshqKqj lrd hdug we;s tlu udrA.h

jkqfha ;uka ks;rjk lghq;af;ys wm@udoSj kshe,Su jk w;r mxfpzJ|@shhka mS@Kkfhys muK

blaujd we,S.e,S lghq; lsrSu fuu lghq;a;g ndOd we;s lrjhs' ;ukaf.a jD;a;Suh yd iudc

72

lghq;j, wkia,j ksr; jkafka ;uka w;ska iudchg jsh hq; fiajdj ms<snZo wjfndaOfhks' fuz

lreK idrA:l f,i bgqjSug kuz mqoa.,fhl ;< fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq; jk

w;r tfia fkdjq ;eke;a;d W;aiy .kafka yels;dla wd;audrA:lduS f,i bJ|@Sh mS@Kkhg

muKla fhduq jQ cSjs;hla .; lsrSugh'136

fNda. jskdYhg fya;jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka

jkqfha iQ|=fjz ksr; jSuhs' iQ|=jg wenzneys jQ mqoa.,hdyg iQ|=fjka oskQ jsg i;rka we;s jSu;a"

mer|=Kq l< fYdal jSu;a" jia; jskdYh;a" ck iudcfhys tu mqoa.,hdf.a jok i;H f,i

fkdms<s.ekSu;a" us;@dud;HdoSkaf.a wjZ{djg ,la jSu;a" wdjdy jsjdyhka iZoyd lsisfjl`

fkdleu;s jSu;a hk whym;a m@;sjsmdlhkag uqyqK mEug is|= fjz' by; iZoyka lreKq i,ld

ne,Q jsg fmfkkafka mqoa.,fhl yqfola iQ|=jg wenzneys jkafka b;du;a blaukska idOdrK

fkdjk l@uhlska tkuz yqfola ;ukaf.a oyvsh uykaisfhka Wmhd .ekSulska f;drj wkqka jsiska

b;du;a oyvsh uykaisfhka yrs yuzn lr.kq ,enQ jia;j Okh iQ|=j keue;s widOdrK

l@ufjzoh Ndjs;fhka ;uka ika;lhg .ekSfuz fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k lghq; lrk njhs'

fuh flfiaj;a fu;a;d iy.; is;lska is|= l< fkdfyk l@shdjls' fuz ksidu tu mqoa.,hd o

by; iZoyka l< wdldrfhka iudcfhys ms<sl,g ,la jk mqoa.,fhl jk nj fmfka'137

fNda. jskdYhg fya;jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka

jkqfha mjsgq us;rka fiajkhhs' mjsgq us;rd hkq o i;rduh' ;udf.a whym; Wod lr fokafka

us;rd fkdj i;rd nejsks' tnejska fuys us;@ kdufhka yeZoskajqj o ta i;rdu nj oek .ekSu

jeo.;ah' funZ|= i;re mqoa.,hka ih fofkl ms<snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka fjz' Tjqka

kuz iQ|= ldrhka" i,a,d,hka" fnznoaoka" kele;alrejka ( jxpkslj l~G yd iglmg f,i .ma;

jsoHd l@u Ndjs;fhka cSjfkdamdh i,id .kakka )" jxpkslhka" .uz myrk ux myrk

idyislhkah' fudjqka taldka; jYfhau iudchg iudcfha bosrs .ukg ndOdldrS jkakkah'

funkaoka weiqre lsrSu ksid ;ukaf.a bosrs .ukg ydkshla is|= jkjd muKla fkdj fndfyda

fldg iudc m@.ukhg ndOdwe;s lrjSu msKsi wkshuz jYfhka f;fuzz o iyh olajkafkl

jYfhka ie,flhs' i;rka fyda i;re nj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka;< jrAOkh jS

fkdue;s ksidh' 138

fNda. jskdYhg fya;jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka

jkqfha w,i njhs' fuz w,i nj ksid ;ud w;ska jsh hq; jQ jD;a;suh yd iudchSh hq;luz ksis

whqrska bgq lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;a fjz' fuz wkqj b;d YS;h" b;d WIaKh" b;d ijih"

b;d Wfoah" b;d nv.sksh" b;d li msrefKah jYfhka i,ld fuz f,i ;ukaf.a j.lSuz meyer

yerSug mqoa.,hd fm<fUk nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fys uekjska jsia;r lr ;sfnz' jsfYaIfhkau

iudchSh hq;luz yd j.lSuz bgq lsrSfuys ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ;ukaf.a is; ;<

kefZ.k fuz w,i nj uy;a fia ndOd muqKqjhs' fuu w,i iajNdjh ksid ish hq;luz yd j.lSuz

73

bgq lsrSu lrorhla f,i i,lhs'fuz fya;j ksid wkqka ms<snZoj liS; mqoa.,hdf.a is; we;s

jkqfha oafjzIhls' ta hq;luz j.lSuz bgq lsrSug is|=jSu lrorhla fia i,lk fyhsks'fuu w,i

iajNdjh ksid we;sjk oafjzIh uev f.k ;ukaf.a hq;luz yd j.lSuz iudch fj; bgq l<

yelafla is; ;< fu;a;d ixl,amh ukd f,i jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ mqoa.,fhl yg muKh' 139

fuz wdldrhg fNda. jskdYhg fya;jk lreKq ifhys mqoa.,hd fhdojkq ,nk

fyda fhojSug .dul n,fjz.hla f,i l@shdlrkakd jQ us;rka fkdj us;@ m@;srEmlhka jQ

mqo.,hka ih fofkl ms,snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y lrkq ,nhs' fudjqka us;rka fkdj

us;@ m@;srEmlhka jkafka ienjskau i;rka jqj;a us;rkaf.a fmkqfuka hq;j fmkS isgsk nejsks'

tnejska iDcqju t,smsgu i;rka f,i fmkS isgsk msrsi fuka fkdj fudjqka myiqfjka yZ|=kd.;

fkdyels njo fmkajd oS ;sfnz' tnejska fudjqka yZ|=kd.; yelafla fudjqkagu isus; jQ huz huz

.;s ,CIK yeoErSfuka muKla fyhska ish,a,kaf.a hym; iZoyd fuu msrsif.a .;s ,CIK

isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys fuz wkaoug jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' 140

fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhkaf.a udkisl ugzgu wkqj Tjqka wZ[aZ[o;a;yr" jpSmru"

wkqmamshNdKs yd wmdh iydhl kduhkaf.ka hq;j m@fNao lr oela fjz' fuhska wZ[aZ[o;a:qyr

mqoa.,hdf.a .;s.K jkqfha flfia fyda hula f.k hdu;a" gslla oS fndfyda leu;sjSu;a" jsm;a

nsh ksid weiqre lsrSu;a iy ;u jdish ;ld weiqre lsrSu;a fjz' fuu .;s.K uZ.ska fmkakquz

lrkqfha wd;audrA:lduSFjhhs' wd;audrA:h we;sjkqfha wkqka .ek lsisfia;a fkdis;k ;ud .eku

muKla is;d lghq; lrk wdl,am j,ska msreKQ is;e;s jsghs' fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys we;s

;eke;a;d flosklj;a fuz f,i wd;audrA:lduS wkaouska ;uka .eku muKla is;d wkqka .ek

fkdis;d lghq; lrkafka ke;' ta ksid taldka; jYfhkau by; jsia;r lrk ,o |=rA.K my<

jSfuz yelshdj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fkdlrk ,o is;a we;a;d jQ mqo.,hka

yghs' fun|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h lrkakd yg;a fndajk frda.hla fuka tu woyiau ldjeoS h;ehs

hk wkqudkfhka funkaoka wdY@h fkdlrkakehs olajd ;sfnz' 141

us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska B <Z. fldgi f,i fmkajd oS we;s jpS mru

mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka w;S;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" wkd.;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" ysia

oehska ix.@y lsrSu;a yd bosrsm;a lghq;af;ys nsh oelajSu;a hkdoshhs' ld,;@fhka ix.y

flfrkafka we;af;kau Wojz lsrSfuz we;s wjYH;djhla fkdue;s ksihs' ysia oefhka ix.@y lsrSu o

thg iudkh' lghq;a;la meusKsl, thg nsh oelajSu jkdyS tlS lghq;af;ka m<dhdug Wps;u

l@ufjzoh f,i fuu mqoa., fldgzGdYh jsiska f;dardf.k we;s yegshla fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fuz

ishZMu ,CIK uZ.ska m@lg jkafka ienjska u tu mqoa.,hd ;< wkHhkayg Wojz lrkakg ksis

leue;a;la fkdue;s njhs' mqoa.,hka wkHhkayg Wojz lsrSu iZoyd fm<fUkafka ;uka;<

wkHhka ms<snZoj ys;j;a njla fyda ffu;@S fpz;kdjla we;akuz muKh' ta wkqj fuu jpSmru

mqoa.,hka ;< wkHhka ms<snZoj ffu;@S fpz;kdjla fkdue;s nj meyeos,sju fmfkakg ;sfnz' ta

74

ksid funZ|= fu;a;d ixl,am fkdue;s mqoa.,hka fiajkh lsrSu o wfhda.H f,i fuysoS olajd

;sfnk nj meyeos,sh'142

wdY@fhka wE;a l< hq; jQ us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska f;jk fldgzGdYh f,i

olajd ;sfnkakd jQ wkqmamshNdKS mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka fydZo foh fukau krl foh

o tlfia wkqu; lsrSu;a" bosrsmsg .K yd ke;s ;ek fodia lSu;a fjz' fydZo foh fukau krl

foh o wkqu; lrkqfha ;u us;rdf.a hym; msKsi hehs is;Sug fkdyelsh' ;ukaf.a us;rdg

lul is|=jqk;a yqfola pdgqfjka Tyqj rjgd Tyqf.ka ,dN m@fhdck ,nd.ekSfuz wruqK fmroers

lrf.k fuz wdldrfhka l@shdlrk nj fmfkkag ;sfnz' fufia l@shdlrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh

fkdue;s ksid fyj;a oafjzI iy.; ksid nejz meyeos,s fjz' tfukau ys;j;a us;rd kuz <Z. ke;s

jsg .K;a" uqyqKg w.K;a lsj hq; jqj;a fuys oS wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrkqfha fuhg

yd;amiska fjkia f,iska nejz ;yjqre fjz' fuhska o meyeos,s jkqfha ;ukaf.a us;rd flfrys

oafjzI iy.; f,iska wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrk njhs' fuz ish,af,ka u meyeos,s jkqfha

fujeks mqoa.,hka ;< flfiaj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ms<snZo wkqud;@ fyda fmkakquz lsrSula

fkdue;s njhs' fujeks mqoa.,hka mius;rka fyj;a i;rka f,i i<ld wdY@fhka je<lS isgsk

f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhka Wmfoia ,ndfohs' 143

;ukaf.a jskdYh i,iajkakd jQ fyhska wdY@h lsrSug kqiq|=iq nejz olajd we;s B

<Z. mi us;re fldgzGdYh jkqfha wmdh iydhl kuz us;@ m@;srEmlhdhs' fudyq wdY@h lsrSu ksid

wmdh.duS jSug iq|=iq mjzluz mqoa.,fhl w;ska jSug bv we;s nejska fudyq wmdhg hEug iyh

jkakd jQ hk wrA:fhka wmdh iydhl hk kdufhka yeZoskafjz' fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhdf.a ,CIK

jkqfha ryfur mdkfhys ,d ;u us;rdg iyh m< lsrSu;a" fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKfhys ;u

us;rd W;aiyj;a lsrSu;a" kD;H orAYkhka iZoyd iyNd.S jSug ksrka;rfhka ;u us;rd legsj

hdu;a" iQ|+ lSvdfjys ;u us;rd fm<UjSu;a hk lreKq fjz' u;ameka yd u;a|@jH .ekSfuka TzkEu

mqoa.,fhlf.a mshejs isysh jslD; fjz' ;u us;rdf.a mshjs isysh jslD;s lrjSug lghq;

lrkafka wksjdrAhfhkau fu;a is;lska kuz fkdfjz' tf,i l@shd lrkafka ffjrS fyj;a jHdmdo

is;lsks' tnZ|= is;lska hqla; mqoa.,hd;< fu;a;d ixl,amh we;ehs is;sh fkdyels tnejska funZ|=

mqoa.,hka |=re lrk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fkdl,ays jSS:S ixprKfhka is|=jkqfha ;uka fkdlrk

,o foa flfrys mjd ksrka;rfhka ;ukaj iel lghq; mqoa.,fhl njg m;ajSuhs' ;ukaj funZ|=

;;ajhl huzlsis mqoa.,fhl m;a lrjSu iZoyd ys;du;d l@shdlrkjdkuz tlS mqoa.,hd tlS

l@shdj lrkafka ys;j;a wdl,amhlska fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k nj meyeos,s fjz'

tu ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hka weiqre lsrSfuka j<lsk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' 144

ksrka;rfhka kD;H orAYkhka kerUSu muKlau is|=lrk mqoa.,hd fiiq

idudcSh lghq; j,oS miqng jSu wksjdrAhfhkau is|= fjz' fuz fya;j ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hd iudch

bosrsfha hq;luz yd j.lSuz meyer yrsk ,o mqoa.,fhl njg m;a jkqfha ksrdhdifhks' funZ|=

75

m@;sM, Wodlrjk ksrka;r kD;H orAYk kerUSfuys ,d huz flfkl ;j wfhl Wkka|= lrjkq

,efnz o Tyq hym;a us;@YS,S wdl,amh msysgd isg l@shdlr;shs is;sh fkdyel' fndfyda jsg tf,i

hful l@shdlrkqfha W;aidyfhka jer jEhfuka wfkld oshqKq fj;shs hk BrAIHdj

fya;fldgf.k wfkldj wffOrAhhg m;a fldg tlS ;eke;a;df.a oshqKqj lvdl,mam,a

lsrSfuys hgs wruqKQ fmroers lrf.kh' fuf,i l@shd;aul jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys

we;s fkdjk jHdmdoh flaJ|@ lr.;a is;lska nj meyeos,sj fmfkk ksid funZ|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h

msKsi fkd.; hq; nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h meyeos,s lrfohs'145

iQ|+j jkdyS mqoa.,hd msrsySu lrd f.khk m@Odk udrA.hla nejska tys ,d

hfula ;j;a huz flfkl W;aiyj;a flfrA kuz taldka; jYfhkau th fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq

lrf.k is|= lrkakla fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k is|= lrkakd jQ wjevodhs jQjla

f,i fmkajd fokq ,nhs' funZ|= mqoa.,hka taldka; jYfhkau wkHhkaf.a msrsySu leue;af;ka

fujeks foa flfrys wkqka W;aiyj;a lrjSu olakg ,efnk nejska oshqKqj ,Z.d lr.kq leue;s

fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lrkq leue;a;ka jsiska fujeks mdm us;rka fiajkh fkdl<

hq; nejz fmkjd fokq ,nhs' 146

fujeks mqoa.,hkaf.ka wE;a jS lghq; lrk w;r wdY@h msKsi .;yels hym;a

jQ us;rka isjz fofkl ms<snZoj o isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jS ;sfnz' fuu us;rka isjz fokd

jkQfha Wmldrl us;@hd" iudk iqL |=laL us;@hd" wrA:LHdhs us;@hd" wkqluzml us;@hd hk us;re

mqoaa.,hka isjzfokd fjhs' fuz mqoa.,hka isjz fokd flfrys wjYH muKg fu;a;d ixl,amh

jrAOkh jS we;s nejska iudc ldrAhhkays ,d Wmldr .; yels" wdY@h ksid ;uka;< o fu;a;d

ixl,amh jrAOkh lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hka isjz fofkl nj meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'147

iudc lghq; j,oS ks;ru wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka ls@hd lsrSug is|=jSu

idudkH ;;ajhla jk w;r tlS lghq; j, oS ks;ru flnZ|= ;;ajhla hgf;a jqj;a us;@YS,S

wdl,amhlska hq;j lghq; lsrSu w;HjYH fjhs' wfkla w;g fuu wdl,am jvd;a jevsmqr wjYH

jkqfha idudkH ukqIHhka w;rskq;a jvd jevsmqr iudc ldrAhhkays ksr;jkakd jQ mqoa.,hkagh'

fuu iudc ldrAhhka ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd wkqka flfrA fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers

lrf.k lghq; fkdlrkjd kuz tlS mqoa.,hdg tu i;a ldrAhhka os.gu lrf.k hdug

fkdyelsh' ukao iudc ldrAhhkays wxl tlg jefgkafka ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@;ajfhka miqjSu

jk fyhsks' 148 fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;fjka mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ prAhd oshqKqj

jkqfha ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@Fjfhka miqjSug wjYH lrk ;ruz iduQyslFjhla ish is;a

i;kays frdamK lr .ekSu yd ta wkqj l@shdlsrSug hqyqiqZM jSuhs'

funZ|= lreKq ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;akays jvd;a jrAOkh l,d jQ ienE

us;rkaf.a wjYH;djh u; fjz' fiajkh l< hq; mqoa.,fhl f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys

76

ioykajk m<uq us;rd f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha Wmldrl us;@hdhs' fudyqf.a ,CIK jkqfha m@udo

jQ us;rd /lSu;a" m@udo us;rdg wh;a jia;j fom< iqrCIs; lsrSu;a" nshg m;a jQ us;@hdf.a nsh

myfldg Tyqg msysgjSu;a" us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda.

iuzm;a us;rdyg ,nd oSu;a fjz' 149

fuys m@udo jQ us;rd wdrCId lsrSu hkqfjka woyia jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh

jrAOkh js we;s mqoa.,hd wkHhkaf.a cSjs;h yd ksoyi ish osjs fofjks fldg is;d ls@hd lrk

njhs' iudc wdl,amhkays Wiia;u pska;k wjia:djla fuz ;<ska m@ldYhg meusK ;sfnz' ;uka

iuia;fhys tla wx.hla nejska ;uka;< iuia;h wka;rA.; jk nj i<ld ;uka o iuia;h o

tluh nZ|= wdl,amhlska hq;j l@shd lsrSu fndaOsiFj m@;smodfjys m@uqL ,CIKhls' fuz wkqj

fndaaOsiFjjrhdg ;uka hkqfjka woyia jkafka iuia; iudcs' iuia; iudch flfrysu ;ukah

hk yeZ.Su we;sj l@shdlrkakd jQ fndaOsiFjjrhd flfrys jrAOkh jS we;s fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

iajNdjh Wmudjlskq|= m@ldY lsrSug wmyiq ;rug th by< ia:dkhl jecfUz' f,dj Wiai;u

l<HdK us;rka jkafka fuz wkqj nq|=jreka yd fndaOsiFjjrekah' mpzfpl nq|=jreka yd wrAy;a

Y@djlhka jykafia,d o l,HdK us;@hka jYfhka yZ|=kajd ;sfnz' iuia; NsCIq iudcfhys

idudcslhka l@shdlrkafka nq|=jrekaf.a yd fndaOsiFjjrekaf.a prAhdj wdorAYhg f.k ksid

n@yau prAhdj M,odhl jkafka us;@Fjh fmroers fldgf.k lghq; lsrSu u; nj wdkkao ysushka

wu;d jrla nq|=r|=ka jsiska u iZoykalr ;sfnz' iuia; nqoaO Ydikh u rZod mj;skafka o l,HdK

us;@Fjh ksidu nj fuys oS nq|=r|=ka jsiska wdkkao ysushkag fmkajd oS we;' 150

Wmldrl us;@hdf.a fojeks ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha m@udo jQ us;rdg wh;a

jia;j yd foafmd< iq/lSu fjz' wkHhka i; jia;j foafmd< flfrys ksrdYd we;sj l@shd lsrSu

fukau wkqka fjkqfjka Tjqka i; foa iqrCIs; lsrSu hk ldrKh wkHhkaf.a foa fkd.ekSu hk

lreKg jvd by< ia:rhl msysgs idrOrAu ixl,amhls' wjYHfhkau fuu idrOrAu ixl,amh

nsysjkafka wkHhka flfrys iSudjka W.,qjk mrsos fu;a jvd m,mqre|= mqoa.,fhlgu muKh'

iSudjka W.,qjk hkq wkHhka yd ;ud hk iSudjhs' fuu iSudjka wm jsiska wmf.a

wd;audrA:lduSFjh yd jHdmdo fpz;kdfjys m@n,Fjh u; wm jsiska u idod .kq ,enQ jHdc

iSudjka fjhs' 151

Wmldrl us;@hdf.a f;jeks ,CIKh jk nshg m;a jQ us;rdf.a nsh myfldg

Tyqg msysgjSu hk lreK iDcqju fu;a;d ixl,amh hg;g .efka' nsh hkq oafjzI uQ,sl

wli,hls' wdfjzohka jYfhka fuu wdfjzokh iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhla jYfhka

idudkHfhka ie,fla' fuu iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh jkqfha is;

mSvdjg m;afldg udkisl wd;;sh we;s lsrSuhs' yqfola ;u jqj o ;u is;g nsh we;s lr .ekSu

oafjzI uQ,slj is|= jkakla nj nq|= oyfuz jsia;r fldg ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS nshg

m@;smCI udkisl wdfjzokhhs' hful ;u is;a i;kays ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.K fldg

77

mj;skafka o ta ;eke;a;dg nsh kQmosk nj Ouzumofhys olajd ;sfnz' fuz wkqidrfhka hful

fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.K fldg ;sfnzo ta mqoa.,hd ;u is;a i;kays ,d muKla fkdj

wkHhkaf.a is;a i;kays ,d o nsh mylsrSug iu;a jkafkl nj fuz wkqj meyeos,s fjz' fuz khska

nsh mylsrSug Wmldrj;a jkakd jQ fuz us;@ mqoa., fldgzGdYh Wmldrl us;@hd nj fmkajd oS

;sfnz' 152

Wmldrl us;rdf.a isjzjk ,CIKh f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y jkQfha

us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda. iuzm;a ,nd oSu hk lreKhs'

;uka ika;lfhys ;sfnkakd jQ huzlsis fohla ;j;a wfhlg oSug kuz odk fpz;kdj ish is;a

i;kays ,d jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;uh' tfia fkdue;s ;eke;a;dyg fuf,i is|= lsrSu wmyiqh' odk

fpz;kdj jrAOkh jS ;snSug kuzz ish isf;ys f,daNh |=re fldg ;snsh hq;h' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re

fkdl< ;eke;a;dyg odkh mqre|= l, fkdyel' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re l,;a fok mqoa.,hd ms<snZo

ffu;@sh isf;ys msysgd fkd;sfnz kuz tjsg o odkh ksis whqrska idrA:l lr .; fkdyel' fuz

ksid f,daNh |=re lsrSug;a jvd wjYH jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lr.ekSu nj

fuz wkqj meyeos,sh' fndaOsiuzNdr mqrk fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia,d |=la jsZosk wmuK iFjhka

flfrys m;, ffu;@sfhka iirg msjsi mdrus;djka iuzmQrAK lrkqfha o m@Odk fldgu ish is;a

i;kays,d jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ wm@udK fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh ksiduh' fuzz ksidu

m@Odk jYfhka u l,HdK us;rka jkqfha o nq|=jrhkajykafia,d yd nq|=jrhkajykafia,df.a

prAhdj wkq.ukh lrk Y@djl ix>r;akh fj;a' 153

wdY@h l<hq; jQ fojk us;rd f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fha olajd ;sfnkqfha iudk

iqL |=laL us;@hdh' fudyq yeZosk .kakd ,CIK i;rla isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz' tajd

kuz ryia lSu yd ryia /lSu;a" jsmf;ys oS w;a fkdyerSu;a" lreKla meusKs l, ;u cSjs;h

jqjo mQcdfldg ;u us;rd /l .kakd nj;a hk lreKq i;rhs' fuu kuskau weZ.fjk mrsos

fuu mqoa.,hd jQ l,S iqj |=la foflysu iudk ;;ajhlska ;u us;rdj weiqre lrk mqoa.,hd fuz

kuska oela fjz'154

iudk iqL |=laaL us;rdf.a m<uq ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha ryia lSuhs'

fuhska woyia jkqfha ;u us;rdf.a |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj ;uka okakd fyda iudcfhys m@p,s;j we;s

kuq;a ;u us;rd fkdokakd jQ Tyqf.a wvqmdvq |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj Tyqj oekqj;a lsrSuhs' ;ukaf.a

mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u us;rdg fydZoska t<s fmfy<s lsrSu o ;ukaf.a us;@Fjh lsis|= weo mZMoaola

fkdue;s j. ;u us;rdgu ;yjqre jk ldrKhls' fuhska weZ.fjkqfha ;uka ;u us;rd jsIfhys

lsis|= lyl yd jxpksl iajNdjhlska lghq; fkdlrk iajNdjhhs' ryialSu hkqfjka woyia

jkafka fuhhs' NsCIQka jykafia,d jsIfhys kuz weje;a foiSuz wdosfhys oS is|= lrkafka ;ud w;ska

lvjqkq jskh YsCIdjka ms<snZoj ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuhs' fuys oS tla;rd |=rlg ;uka muKla

okakd ;u jro iuQyhd bosrsfhys lsula is|= flfrkafka ta ;<ska miqj tu mqoa.,hd wod< jroska

78

usoSug tu lSu fya;jk nejsks' by; ryia lSfuys oS is|= jkqfha o ;u mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u

us;rdg fy,s lsrSu jk nejska tys fkdfhla jeros wvq,qyqvqluz us;rdg oek .; yels jkjd

muKla fkdj we;euz jsg tajd ksjeros lr.ekSu mssKsi fydZo msgsjy,la o us;rdf.ka

,efnkakg mqZMjk' 155

fuu ldrKh iuzmQrAKfhka u mdfya fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lrf.k

is|=jkakd jQ l@shdj,shla nejska wfkdakH jsYajdih fuz neZoS mej;sh hq;h' ;uka ;ukaf.a us;rdj

fkdrjgkafka us;rd flfrys us;@YS,S wdl,amhlskahq;j l@shdlrk nejska hehs us;rdg ta;a; hd

hq;h' thg fydZou l@uh jkqfha ;uka ms<snZo f;dr;re ;ud us;rd yd fkdj,yd mejiSuhs'

;uka ms<snZo f;dr;re jsYajdiodhS fkdjk l@shd udrA. uZ.ska us;rd w;g m;ajSug jvd ;udu

tajd us;rd yd mejiSu ksid us;enj iq/flk w;r tu mjik mqoa.,hd flfrys b;d jsYd,

us;@YS,S yeZ.Sula o us;rd we;s lr.kshs' mqoa., fukau iudc l@shdldrSFjfh oS fuu l@shdoduh

b;du;a jeo.;a jk ldrKhls' 156

iajdus - fiajl" iajdusmqreI - NdrAhd" |+ ore - ujzmsh" .Dyia: - m@jDcs;"

.re - YsIH" us;re - us;re" hk uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih ;< wfkHdakH hq;luz yd j.lSuz

iajrEmfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s fkdfjz kuz fujeks iudc

iuznJO;d jsOsu;a whqrska f.dv kefZ.kafka ke;' udkqIsl iuznJO;djhka f.dvkeZ.sh hq;af;a

yqfola hdka;@@sl fyda ffk;sl iajrEmfhka fkdfjz' tys wfkdakH jYfhka iduQyslnjla"

iqyoFjhla" ysff;ISnjla" iqjodhsnjla" iqrCIs;;djhla mej;sh hq;uh' ishZM ffcj m@cdj jQ

l,S wjYHfhkau iduQysl cSjk rgdj m@shlrkafkda fj;s' ffcj m@cdjf.a fulS iduQyslFjh

f.dv kefZ.kafka fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol jSfuks' 157

ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh ksid usksid huz huz iudc rduq ilidf.k Bg wkq.;j

udkj ksoyi ta ;< Tnznjkakg ;e;a lsrSu fya;fjka usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys we;euz ld,

jljdkqj, oS udkj iudcfhys iduQysl meje;aug nrm;, ;rAck t,a,jS we;' l,h" Okh"

n,h" ks,h jeks lreKq ksrAudKjdoS pska;khg f;da;ekakla iemhSu fya;fjka usksia

YsIaGdpdrh ukqIHFjfhka fndfyda fihskau |=ria;r lrjSh' 158

� fu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsYoaOs udrA.hfu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsYoaOs udrA.hfu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsYoaOs udrA.hfu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsYoaOs udrA.h

( Metta Concept & Visuddhimaggo )

fu;a;d ixla,mh ms<snZoj w;sYhskau mqZM,a wdldrfhka idlpzPdjg n|=ka jk

ia:dkhla kuz jsYoaOs udrA.hhs' tys idlpzPdjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh yZ|=kd .ekSu

uZ.ska mQrAK jYfhka md,s ;@smsglh ;< fu;a;d ixla,mfhys kshudldr ijrEmh idlpzPdjg

nZ|=ka l<dla fuka jQ w;sYhskau mqZM,a wjfndaOhla ,ensh yelsh' fu;a;d Ndjkdj m<uq fldg

79

jvkakd jsiska fkdjevsh hq; mqoa.,hka ms<snZoj jsYoaOs udrA.fhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=kaj ;sfnz'

fuhska m<uq jekak jkqfha ,sx. jYfhka jsreoaO jQjka flfrys m<uq fldg ffu;@sh fkdjevSuhs'

fuhg fya;j f,i jsYoaOs udrA.fhys olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uq fldg ,sx. jYfhka ;ukag

jsiNd.hkag ffu;@s jevSu ksid ffu;@S iajrEmfhka rd.h ish isf;ys jrAOkh jk njhs'

rd.fhys iajNdjh o wruqfKys uq,dfjka neZoS is; mskd hduhs' m<uq ldg ;ukag m@sh jQ ,sx.

jsiNd.fhla wruqKq fldg ffu;@S jvkakg hdfuz oS fhda.djprdf.a m@udohlska is; wruqfKka

bj;a jS is;g wdfjzKsl iyc wruqK jQ rd.h foig keuS hd yels nejsks' tjsg is; rd.h

wdYajdo jYfhka ;nd .kakd w;r ffu;@sh hehs Bg uQ,djk fhda.djprhd ffu;@sh jvkafka

hehs hk is;js,af,ka rd.h jO!kh lr.kakg bv we;s nejska m<uq fldgu mqyqKq jkakd jQ

fhda.djprhkayg ish uQ,sl Ndjkd wruqK ;SrKh lsrSfuz oS thg ,sx. jsiNd.hka fyj;a

;ukag m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.slhka f;dard fkd.; hq; nj wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz'159 m<uqj fu;a;d

ixl,amh jrAOkh msKsi ,sx.sl jsiNd.hka f;dard fkd.kafka jsreoaO ,sx.sl wdfjz.hka uZ.ska

yg.efkk m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl rd.sl ixl,amhka tys mj;sk fjz.j;a ijrEmh ksid fu;a;d

ixl,amfhys uD|= iajNdjh hgm;a fldgf.k ixcdkk l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd we;slrjk

ijrEmfhka jHdma; jsh yels fyhsks' rd.sl ixl,am uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh urAOkh lr

hgm;a lr oeuSug we;s bv lv jevs nejska wdruzNl mshjfrysoS jsreoaO ,sx.slhka wruqKq lr

fkd.kakd f,i Wmfoia oS we;'

fuhg ksorAYk jYfhka tla;rd l:d mqj;lao jsYoaOs udrA.fhys iZoyka fjz'

tkuz tla;rd wud;Hjrfhla ;ukaf.a lZMm. NsCIqjla jQ ry;ka jykafia kul fj;ska ffu;@S

Ndjkd jvk wdldrh ms<snZoj Ndjkduh Wmfoia ,nd .;af;ah' weu;sjrhdf.a prs; iajNdjh

mss<snZoj nqoaO fCI;@hg wh;a Z{dk m@fNaohla jQ wdihdkqih Z{dkh fkd;snQ ry;ka jykafia

m<uq fldgu Ndjkdj l@shd;aul l< hq;af;a ;ukag m@sh mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg nj mejiQ

fial' ta wdud;Hjrhdg b;du m@sh jkafka ;udf.a nsrsZo nejska NsCIqka jykafia ku fj;ska

,nd.kakd ,o Ndjkd Wmfoia wkqj ;ukag m@sh jQ nsrsZo wruqKq fldg wehg ffu;@sh jvushs is;d

Ndjkdj wrUd ffu;@sh fjkqjg rd.hu jrAOkh lrkakg jsKs' rd.h jrAOh j;au rd.fhys

ksirA. iajNdjh jk mqoa.,hdf.a jspdrmQrAjl Ndjh m<dhdu;a ta fjkqjg rd. wruqK flfia

fyda bgq lr.ekSu msKsi mqoa.,hd fufyhjSu;a fuysoS o is|= jsh' ta wkqj iajlSh rd.h ixisZojd

.ekSu iZoyd iajlSh nsrsZo fj; hdu msKsi;a weh yd tlajSu msKsi;a iajlSh .; is; folu

w;sYhskau mSvdjg m;ajk mrsoafoka ixcdkk yd prAhd mCIfhka uy;a mrsY@uhla .;af;a

rd.fhys wdoSkjh olajusks' 160

ffu;@sh jevqj;a wm!Kd jYfhka fyda Wmpdr jYfhka is; iudOs ;;ajfhka

Wiia ;,hla lrd fkdmeuskSug fya;jla jYfhka jsYoaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r jkakd jQ lreKla

jkqfha u<jqka flfrys ffu;@s jevSuhs' fya;j u<jqka ;j |=rg;a kdusl m@Z{ma;s jYhka

ie,flkjd jskd ffcj f,dalh ;< jsoHudk i;aFjhka fkdjSu ksid u<jqka flfrys fu;a is;

80

jevSu m@;sM, odhl fkdfjz' fuhska fmkS hk ;j;a lreKla jkqfha ;uka lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`

wruqK lr ffu;@s jevSfuz oS ;ukaf.a ps;a; fjz.hla ndysr wkH mqoa.,hkaf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd

iuznJO jSfuz m@jK;djla fuz uZ.ska jsoHudk jk njhs'`161

fujeks ;;ajhla fkd;sfnkafka kuz lsishuz mqoa.,fhlg ;uka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg

wruqKq lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd ush .sh nj ;uka wjxlju fkdoek isgskafka kuz ;ukaf.a Ndjkdj

yqfola ;ukagu muKla iSud jQ ;;ajhla kuz ;uka Ndjkdj ;<ska Wmojd .kq ,nkakd jQ

wm!Kd Wmpdr ;;ajhka ;;ajhka yqfola Ndjkdfjys oshqKqj u;u hk idOlh Tiafia

l@shd;aul jk fohla kuz ;uka wruqKq lrk mqoa.,hd ushf.dia isgsk mqoa.,fhlah fyda cSj;aj

isgsk mqoa.,fhlh lshd fjkila we;s jsh fkdyel' tnZ|= fjkila we;s jsh yelafla u<

mqoa.,hdf.a fyda cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdj lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd Wmojd .kq

wm!Kd fyd Wmpdr ;;ajhkag n,mdkq ,nk nejska jsh hq;h' fuys oS Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a;

fjz.hka yd tla jSu msKsi u< mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hla fkdue;s nejska wm!Kd yd Wmpdr

iudOSka fkd Wmosk w;r cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a;

fjz.hka yd tald;ausl jSug wjldY ie,fik nejska u iFj ksus;a;la jQ ffu;@S ksus;a; lrK

fldg wm!Kd Wmpdr iudOSka msysghs'162 flfia fyda fuu ;;ajhka jsYoaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r lr

fkdue;s w;r th m@fjzYfuka wOHhkh lrkafklg fuz nejz ukdj meyeos,s fjz' ffu;@S Ndjkd

jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS foa uZ.ska lsis|= ysxidjla fkdfjk nejz iZoyka lr

;snSu uZ.ska fy<s jkqfha mqoa.,hd ;< jO!kh lrkakd jQ ffu;@S Ndjkdjg tkuz fu;a iy.;

is;js,s oyrdjkag ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS jia;~ka flfrys lskuz wdldrhl fyda n,mEula l< yels

njhs' fuz n,mEu hkqfjka woyia jkafka ndysr jia;~ka iuZ. is;ska iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d

.ekSuhs' fuz iuznJO;d fpz;kd;aul jYfhka fukau fN#;sl jYfhka o Ndjdkdkqfhda.shd lrd

hym;a m@;sM, <Z.d lrfok iajNdjhla .kakd nj fmfka' 163

jsYoaOs udrA.fhys u< mqoa.,hka flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevSfuka wm!Kd fyda

Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels njg oelafjk l:d mqj;la iZoyka fjz' tla kjl NsCIQka

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