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Mass Diag_ Mass Haul Diag_ shows a cumulative total of cut and fill volumes along ahorizontal alignment. The diagram is a tool for measuring how muchmaterial is being added to and removed from the design site.

Falsework / Formwork _temporary structures used in construction to support spanning or arched structures in order to hold thecomponent in place until its construction is sufficiently advancedto support itself. Falsework also includes temporary supportstructures for formwork used to mould concrete to form a desiredshape and scaffolding to give workers access to the structurebeing constructed.

1. Acrow Prop_ adjustable metal post used for holding heavy things upwhile things are done, eg renovation replacement. basically, anexpanding scaffolding pole, much used in support work eg proppingup a fractured lintel.

2. Lintel_ a load-bearing building component, a decorativearchitectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item. Itis often found over portals, doors, and windows.

3. Shore Frame_ 4. Bearer_ 5. Joist_ 

6. Plyform_ for use in forming concrete. The term is proprietory, andmay be applied only to specific products that bear the trademark of 

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APA- The Engineered Wood Association. Available in three classes:(1) Plyform I_stronger than Plyform II (2) Plyform II (3) Structural Iplyform_ stronger than any other classes, and suitable for highpressures where the face grain is parallel to supports.

7. U Head Jack_ 

8. Baseplate Jack_ 9. Wet concrete pressure/load_ applies hydrostatic pressure to

formwork. The pressure at the bottom of the form is thereforegreater than at the top. In the illustration of the column formwork tothe right, the 'column clamps' are closer together at the bottom.Note that the column is braced with steel adjustable 'formworkprops' and uses 20 mm 'through bolts' to further support the longside of the column.

10. Jack Capacity_ The maximum lifting force of the jack/ dependent onscrew extension.

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 TriShoreWallform – Single sided & Double Sided, Plyform, Walers (horizontal),Soldiersor Studs(vertical), Wall ties, Lateral Pressure (design involves assessmentof lateral pressures)Factors in Design of Wall form - Method of Placement – (vibrated concretetendsto develop full hydrostatic pressure), Rate of Pour, Temperature,Consistency of 

Mix (Slump)Occasional form material - Steel, Fibreglass Tilt Up, Bondek , UltraFloor, EziDek, Masonry Blocks,Slab on Ground (particularly at dowelled joints and key joints)Slip Form / Jump FormBack-Propping – an Issue ??=== Tilt Up videosConcrete construction,Construction tasks (Steel Scheduling and Processing, Formwork,Reinforcement Steel

Fixing, Pour concrete)

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Equipment (Formply, Walers & Soldiers, Frames, Props, Trishores, Wallties)Materials (N and R Main Steel, Fitments and Mesh, Bar Chairs, BuildersPlastic)===

Drill and Blast,_ Bench blasting parameters (mainly d,B,S)Bench Firing sequenceDrill bit typesDrilling Dust removalRaise bore method,Shaft excavation by drill and blastgeneral method incl use of reamers and firing sequencetunnel blasting firing sequence (general)road cutting presplitting (line drilling)Construction Blasting (the Orica Videos)Basic Blasting System - Initiation method (Nonel), Shock tube, Detonator,Detonating cord, BoosterANFOStemmingTampingSee Atlas Copco website extracts====How is work done – contracts – drawings – other documentationDesign phases – 1. Concept 2. Tender 3. Detailed (for Construction)Delivery method – Traditional, D&C, BOOT, Const Management.

Contract type - Lump Sum (with variations), Schedule of Rates, Cost Plus(Doand Charge), Alliance (for larger project which starts with a general ideabut hasunresolved details)Contract Documents - 2 Parts (1. Legal and administrative part, 2. Atechnicalpart – including Engineering Design Drawings)Features of a Contract (Defects Liability Period, Retention Money,LiquidatedDamages, Extension of Time, Latent Conditions, Provisional Sums,

Variations,Practical CompletionContract Stages1. Tender Invitation2. Receive And Evaluate Tenders …….Always Difficult – Why ?3. Award Contract4. Construction5. Practical Completion6. Defects Liability PeriodRisks & Risk Management

Where are Engineer designers at risk ? (1. Errors found duringconstruction, 2.

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Ambiguities - where contractor can deliberately misinterpret the design 3.Errorsfound after construction)Risk Management Strategies for Designers include• Good quality design

• Belt and Braces design• Attention to detail in a Contract Documents• Insurance - for designers – PI (Professional Indemnity)Risk Management Strategies for Contractors include• Detailed planning including contingencies for high risk activities• Good record keeping during a project• Avoidance of certain types of work and certain project sizes• Sub contracting or sub consulting – to pass risk to others• Insurance - for contractors – Public Liability, Business Interruption