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28..22017

€ 72,00

ISSN 1120-6861e-ISSN 2385-1953

ISBN 978-88-7814-785-0e-ISBN 978-88-7814-786-7

ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI28.22017

All’Insegna del Giglio

KNOWLEDGE, ANALYSIS AND INNOVATIVE METHODS

FOR THE STUDY AND THE DISSEMINATION OF ANCIENT URBAN AREAS

Proceedings of the KAINUA 2017 International Conference in Honour

of Professor Giuseppe Sassatelli’s 70th Birthday (Bologna, 18-21 April 2017)

edited by Simone Garagnani, Andrea Gaucci

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ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI28.22017

All’Insegna del Giglio

KNOWLEDGE, ANALYSIS AND INNOVATIVE METHODS

FOR THE STUDY AND THE DISSEMINATION OF ANCIENT URBAN AREAS

Proceedings of the KAINUA 2017 International Conference in Honour

of Professor Giuseppe Sassatelli’s 70th Birthday (Bologna, 18-21 April 2017)

edited by Simone Garagnani, Andrea Gaucci

Realizzazione grafica della sovracoperta di Marcello Bellisario Rivista «Archeologia e Calcolatori» (ISSN 1120-6861, e-ISSN 2385-1953) ISBN 978-88-7814-785-0, e-ISBN 978-88-7814-786-7 © 2017 – All’Insegna del Giglio s.a.s. – www.insegnadelgiglio.it Firenze, dicembre 2017 Stampa, Andersen S.p.a. Abbonamento: € 40,00. Spedizione: Italia, gratuita; estero, a carico del destinatario.

I dati forniti dai sottoscrittori degli abbonamenti vengono utilizzati esclusivamente per l’invio della pubblicazione e non vengono ceduti a terzi per alcun motivo.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Simone Garagnani, Andrea Gaucci, Elisabetta Govi, Ancient reality and contemporary research. An introduction to the Conference KAINUA 2017 and its Proceedings 11

ANCIENT CITIES: PAST AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

Mario Torelli, From ruins to reconstruction: past and present 27

Paola Moscati, Archaeological computing and ancient cities: insights from the repository of «Archeologia e Calcolatori» 47

KAINUA PROJECT

Giovannangelo Camporeale†, Sulla genesi della città nell’Italia preromana. Economia, sociologia, urbanistica: il caso dell’insediamento dell’Accesa 69

Elisabetta Govi, Kainua-Marzabotto: the archaeological framework 87

Andrea Gaucci, Kainua Project: principles, theoretical framework and archaeological analysis 99

Giulia Morpurgo, Chiara Pizzirani, Chiara Mattioli, The craft settings in Kainua-Marzabotto: places and archaeological issues 113

Stefano Santocchini Gerg, Enrico Zampieri, Bojana Gruška, Giacomo Mancuso, Topographical survey and digital models 129

Simone Garagnani, Archaeological Building Information Modeling: beyond scalable representation of architecture and archaeology 141

Aurelio Muzzarelli, Malik Franzoia, The ancient Digital Terrain Model and the infrastructure of the Etruscan city of Kainua 151

Bojana Gruška, Giacomo Mancuso, Enrico Zampieri, Building materials and virtual models of the Etruscan city of Kainua 165

Giuseppe Sassatelli, Kainua Project Special Session: conclusioni 177

ETRUSCAN CITIES AND THEIR LANDSCAPES: NEW PERSPECTIVES, INNOVATIVE METHODS AND DISSEMINATION

Carmine Pellegrino, Amedeo Rossi, Contemporary landscape and the archaeological record. An integrated approach to the study of the Etruscan-Samnite site of Pontecagnano (SA) 189

Maria Paola Baglione, Barbara Belelli Marchesini, Claudia Carlucci, Laura Maria Michetti, Pyrgi, harbour and sanctuary of Caere: landscape, urbanistic planning and architectural features 201

Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni, Matilde Marzullo, Andrea Garzulino, The last ten years of research at Tarquinia 211

Giuseppina Enrica Cinque, Henri Broise, Vincent Jolivet, Civita Musarna (VT), il suo territorio e la chora di Tarquinia in età ellenistica: uno spazio ritualmente suddiviso? 223

Patricia S. Lulof, Maarten H. Sepers, The Acquarossa Memory Project. Reconstructing an Etruscan town 233

Emanuele Taccola, Lisa Rosselli, Understanding Etruscan art and architecture through 3D modeling: the case of Volterra 243

Tommaso Quirino, Open architecture RDBMS and GIS as tools for analysing the Etruscan presence in the Po Plain: towards a model of the urban / non urban landscape 253

FROM THE ANCIENT CITIES TO THE LANDSCAPES: PROJECTS AND RESEARCHES

Frank Vermeulen, Scanning and visualization of Roman Adriatic townscapes 269

Alessandro Campedelli, Marco Dubbini, Martina Monica, Geo-archaeological study of the territory of Burnum’s Roman site (Croatia) through LANDSAT multi-temporal satellite images and high resolution GeoEye 277

Ilaria Rossetti, Reshaping the urban space: Bakchias in Ptolemaic and Roman times 291

Federica Boschi, Enrico Giorgi, Michele Silani, Reconstructing the ancient urban landscape in a long-lived city: the Asculum Project – combining research, territorial planning and preventative archaeology 301

Ferran Codina, Gabriel de Prado, Isis Ruiz, Albert Sierra, The Iberian town of Ullastret (Catalonia). An Iron Age urban agglomeration reconstructed virtually 311

Anna Chiara Fariselli, Federica Boschi, Michele Silani, Melania Marano, Tharros – Capo San Marco in the Phoenician and Punic Age. Geophysical investigations and virtual rebuilding 321

Simone Mantellini, A city and its landscape across time: Samarkand in the ancient Sogdiana (Uzbekistan) 333

STARTING AND ONGOING PROJECTS

Stefano Finocchi, Vincenzo Baldoni, Numana and its ancient territory: new data and research perspectives 345

Giuseppe Lepore, Enrico Giorgi, Vincenzo Baldoni, Federica Boschi, Maria Concetta Parello, Maria Serena Rizzo, New methodologies to analyze and study the Hellenistic-Roman quarter in Agrigento 353

Michele Silani, Enrico Giorgi, Federica Boschi, Gabriele Bitelli, Alberta Martellone, Seeing into the past: integrating 3D documentation and non-invasive prospecting methods for the analysis, understanding and reconstruction of the ancient Pompeii. The case of the House of Obellio Firmo (IX, 14) 361

Isabel Escrivà, José J. Marín, Albert Ribera, Miquel Rosselló, Alfredo Santonja, Reconstructing the Late Antiquity Episcopal Complex of Valentia 369

Gervasio Illiano, Misenum: the harbour and the city. Landscapes in context 379

Valeria Poscetti, Saverio Giulio Malatesta, Virginia Cirilli, Francesco Lella, Vito Rondinelli, Salvatore Esposito, Marco Balsi, Preliminary results of the Castelmonardo Project 391

METHODOLOGIES, APPLICATIONS AND INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS

Maria Roussou, Francesco Ripanti, Katerina Servi, Engaging visitors of archaeological sites through “emotive” storytelling experiences: a pilot at the Ancient Agora of Athens 405

Marco Gaiani, Management and communication of archaeological artefacts and architectural heritage using digital IS. What today? What next? 421

Andrea D’Andrea, Angela Bosco, Marco Barbarino, A 3D environment to rebuild virtually the so-called Augusteum in Herculaneum 437

Giovanna Liberotti, Corrado Alvaro, Using laser scanner technology to analyse mud-brick architecture in the ancient Near East. The Palatial Complex of Arslantepe (Malatya, Turkey) 447

Moisés Hernández Cordero, Geomatics approach to surveys for Late Antiquity buildings. The Episcopal Palace in Side, Turkey 457

Filiberto Chiabrando, Giulia Sammartano, Antonia Spanò, Grazia Semeraro, Multi-temporal images and 3D dense models for archaeological site monitoring in Hierapolis of Phrygia (TR) 469

Elisabetta Donadio, Riccardo Mazza, Federico Barello, Multimedia digital solutions from image and range based models for ancient landscapes communication 485

Valeria Cera, Knowledge and valorization of historical sites through low-cost, gaming sensors and H-BIM models. The case study of Liternum 497

Alfonso Ippolito, Martina Attenni, Cristiana Bartolomei, Digital acquisition: reflections on data quality 507

Aaron Pattee, Armin Volkmann, Matthias Untermann, Integrative GIS-based investigation of the medieval fortress architecture of Pfalz, incorporating photogrammetry, geoinformatics and landscape analysis 521

Jacopo Bonetto, Arturo Zara, The Nora Virtual Tour: an immersive visit in the ancient city 531

Silvia Bernardoni, Marco Montanari, Raffaele Trojanis, Open History Map 539

Giovanni Azzena, Roberto Busonera, Chiara Perini, The future (?) of effective protection 549

SHORT PAPERS

Sara Loreto, Gropello Cairoli (PV): computer applications for historical-topographic synthesis 563

Annachiara Penzo, Federica Proni, Antonio Gottarelli, The archaelogical settlement of Monte Bibele (Bologna) 571

Ilenia Gradante, Davide Tanasi, 3D digital technologies for architectural analysis. The case of the “Pagan Shrine” in the Catacombs of Santa Lucia (Siracusa, Sicily) 581

Francesco Gabellone, Ivan Ferrari, Reconstruction of Villino Florio’s wooden ceiling using 3D technologies 587

Francesco Gabellone, Ivan Ferrari, Francesco Giuri, Maria Chiffi, 3D technologies for a critical reading and philological presentation of ancient contexts 591

Antonio Pecci, Fabio Donnici, When there was no GIS system: rediscovering archaeological researches of the 19th century through the use of the drone. The case study of Mount Siri (Anzi, Basilicata) 597

Martijn van der Kaaij, Heron Visualisation Engine. Visualisation and dissemination of semantic cultural heritage data 603

Tatiana Votroubeková, Etruscan rock-cut tombs with decorated façades. A 3D approach 609

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Archeologia e Calcolatori28.2, 2017, 587-590

RECONSTRUCTION OF VILLINO FLORIO’S WOODEN CEILING USING 3D TECHNOLOGIES

One of the major problems affecting humanity is the progressive loss of the historical and artistic treasures that mark the cultural heritage of a nation. There are many reasons why this can happen, such as natural consumption, damage by natural causes or voluntary or involuntary actions caused by some people. The loss of this heritage is even more serious when it regards unique and unrepeatable forms of expression, possibly because they had been created by an artist’s hand or because they are linked to historical events, or because they constitute a historical record that cannot be replicated (Gabellone 2009, 2012; Ferrari 2014). From these considerations derives the awareness of an impossibility, at least in theory, to reconstruct what was destroyed.

A clear example of this is Villino Florio in Palermo, one of the first build-ings of Art Nouveau in Italy, considered a masterpiece at European level, de-signed and built by the architect Ernesto Basile on behalf of the Florio family of Palermo (Mauro 2000; Speziali 2015). Basile built the residential complex between 1899 and 1902, and his creativity went beyond the purely architectural aspects, designing each interior decoration and recruiting skilled workers for the artistic working of glass, wood, metals and fabrics, for the construction of all the furniture, according to an ordered and reasoned overall composition (Pirrone et al. 1989; Sessa 2002).

In 1962 an arson destroyed most of these finishes and a restoration was re-quired by the Soprintendenza BB.CC.AA. di Palermo for the static and aesthetic recovery of the monument. This philological restoration has also interested the large wooden floral ramage that decorated the ceiling of the grand staircase. Of this masterpiece were absent original design references and there was only a poor photographic documentation in black and white, which led to examine the issues of its reconstruction following new and advanced scientific methods. So, this is a case study that tries to cope with the difficulty of finding skilled craftsmen today in woodworking and to resolve the high construction costs. Therefore, the technology, thanks to a Computer Numerical Control (CNC), takes over this project in an attempt to respond to these needs, trying to recreate elements originally built in a traditional way by non conventional methods.

The specialized contribution of the Information Technologies Laboratory of the Institute for the Archaeological and Monumental Heritage (IBAM ITLab) of CNR in Lecce, made possible the 3D reconstruction of the complex morphol-ogy of the decorative ceiling (Gabellone 2015). In this case an important role was played by the 3D operator, by his experience, by his technical skills and his sensibility in working in the 3D environment (Gabellone, Ferrari 2017).

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Fig. 1 – Comparison between the originale photo of the ramage before the arson (left), and the 3D reconstruction of the wooden ceiling (right).

Fig. 2 – Two views of the final reconstruction of the ramage within Villino Florio.

So, this approach takes over the manual ability of the workshop master, with the great advantage to experiment and adopt methodological information and communication technology solutions most suitable for the purpose, ultimately obtaining a three-dimensional model that can be modified (even strongly) at any time and from which it is possible to produce an indefinite number of copies.

In the study case at hand, the need to create a 3D model as much similar to the original as possible, clashed with the lack of documentation availa-ble, which consisted of only two old photographs in black and white, and a planimetric drawing.

Therefore, it has been indispensable to evaluate which type of modeling could solve all the problems related to the particular and complex form of

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the element, and have a three-dimensional process reconstruction provided with a balanced polygons/bit ratio, able on one hand to be easily operated and reproduced by CNC machines and on the other hand to ensure a final product in a 1:1 scale with the right level of detail. The modeling technique in subdivision surfaces was the one that best matched such scope. The use of Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines (NURBS) allowed to precisely delineate the curvatures of the different branches through the interpolations of sections divergent from each other, with regard to shape, scale and location. The greatest difficulties emerged in the modeling of the endings of the individual elements, that appeared enveloped on themselves with a profile that tended to become irregular, which is a typical characteristic of Art Nouveau.

The 3D modeling of the ramage started from the realization of the great central branch, followed by the lateral elements, connected together only during the final phase of work. The stronger difficulties were undoubt-edly linked to the great number of polygons of the final model, due to its complex shape (Fig. 1). This had in part prejudiced the manageability of the file itself: in fact, until it was composed of distinct levels – one for each branch modeled – it was easy to modify. However, this task could hardly be carried out after the connection of all the side branches to the central one. This obstacle was overcome by carrying out the remesh of the model, which led to the elimination of all the redundant polygons. The phase of polygonal “optimization” therefore ensured a good relationship between the quality of the model and its heaviness in terms of bits, such as to solve the problems related to its full manageability. For aesthetic and stylistic analysis of the final result, the 3D ramage was virtually returned to its original location after the relief of the environment, where also all the remaining wooden decorations were reproduced. Once shown the consistency of the three-dimensional phil-ological restoration, the model has been exported using a suitable extension for the transmission of digital data to CNC machines: this has allowed the ex novo creation of the complex ramage and its relocation in the original position (Fig. 2).

A work of such importance and difficulty predisposes to the considera-tions of what skilled computer operators, also definable “digital craftsmen”, could play within equipped “informatics shops”, in contexts similar to that of Villino Florio. The most obvious advantages in this sense are the significant saving of time and the large contraction of development costs, which does not in any way affect the quality and the final yield in the process. Process that instead leads to an accurate philological reconstruction of the monuments.

Francesco Gabellone, Ivan FerrariConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentalif.gabellone@ibam.cnr.it; i.ferrari@ibam.cnr.it

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REFERENCES

Ferrari I. 2014, L’Ipogeo delle Gorgoni. Archeologia virtuale, in F. Gabellone, M.T. Gian-notta, A. Dell’Aglio (eds.), Fruizione di contesti inaccessibili. Il progetto “Marta Racconta”, Lecce, Grifo, 211-218.

Gabellone F. 2009, Ancient contexts and Virtual Reality: From reconstructive study to the construction of knowledge models, «Journal of Cultural Heritage», 10, 1, 112-117.

Gabellone F. 2012, La trasparenza scientifica in archeologia virtuale. Una lettura critica al Principio N.7 della Carta di Siviglia, «SCIRES-IT», 2, 2, 99-124.

Gabellone F. 2015, Digital technologies and communication: Prospects and expectations, «Open Archaeology», 1, 1, 102-118.

Gabellone F., Ferrari I. 2017, La ricostruzione del soffitto ligneo del Villino Florio attra-verso tecnologie 3D, «Arkos. Scienza, restauro, valorizzazione», Quinta serie n. 17/18, gennaio-giugno 2017, 72-82.

Mauro E. 2000, Il Villino Florio di Ernesto Basile, Palermo, Grafill.Pirrone G., Mauro E., Sessa E. 1989, Palermo, una capitale: dal Settecento al Liberty,

Milano, Electa.Sessa E. 2002, Ernesto Basile: dall’eclettismo classicista al modernismo, Palermo, Novecento.Speziali A. 2015, Italian Liberty. Una nuova stagione dell’Art Nouveau, Forlì, Cartacanta.

ABSTRACT

This work originated from a simple question: is it possible to reconstruct a destroyed architectural decorative element starting from documents that describe its details, shape and constitutive materials? An important limitation in the past was the lack of technologies and materials that could replicate an object like this in detail. Only a few years ago technology was not yet able to ensure accurate reconstruction characterized by an adequate formal aesthetic level both in terms of materials and finishes. Nowadays, this gap has been filled thanks to the development of Computer Numerical Control machines (CNC) in production processes. In this contribution, we present part of the restoration of Villino Florio in Palermo, built by the architect Ernesto Basile on behalf of the Florio family between 1899 and 1902 and partially destroyed by a fire in 1962: it is one of Italy’s first architectural works in the Art Nouveau style, and is considered a masterwork within the European panorama. The restoration, directed by the Soprintendenza BB.CC.AA. di Palermo, also involved the monumental staircase, with a complex wooden floral pattern (“ramage”) used to decorate the ceiling. Starting from the relief of the environment and from the old photographic documents, a 3D model of the ramage was retrieved. This formed the basis of information necessary for the subsequent reproduction of the subject with CNC machines on oak modules, assembled and finished just as they appeared in the photographs before the fire. A numerical approach made it possible to control the entire process by adopting structural solutions to avoid overloading the ceiling with excessive weight.

AR

CH

EO

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AL

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28..22017

€ 72,00

ISSN 1120-6861e-ISSN 2385-1953

ISBN 978-88-7814-785-0e-ISBN 978-88-7814-786-7

ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI28.22017

All’Insegna del Giglio

KNOWLEDGE, ANALYSIS AND INNOVATIVE METHODS

FOR THE STUDY AND THE DISSEMINATION OF ANCIENT URBAN AREAS

Proceedings of the KAINUA 2017 International Conference in Honour

of Professor Giuseppe Sassatelli’s 70th Birthday (Bologna, 18-21 April 2017)

edited by Simone Garagnani, Andrea Gaucci

Kno

wle

dg

e, A

naly

sis

and

Inno

vativ

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f Anc

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