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Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4(4): 273-277, 2008

2008, INSInet Publication

Corresponding Author: D.Kannan, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Lab Animal Medicine, Veterinary College and ResearchInstitute, Namakkal- 637 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.E-mail: [email protected]

273

Dietary Inclusion of Enzyme Phytase in Egg Layer Diet on Retention of Nutrients,

Serum Biochemical Characters and Phosphorus Excretion

D. Kannan, K. Viswanathan, S.C. Edwin, R. Amutha and R. Ravi

1 2 3 4 5

Department of Laboratory Animal M edicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute,1

Namakka l-637 002, Tamil N adu, Ind ia.

Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College and Research Institute,2-4

Namakka l-637 002, Tamil N adu, Ind ia.

Animal Feed Analytical and Qu ality Control Laboratory, Veterinary College and5

Research Institute, Namakkal-637 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract: A study was carried out to find out the effect of enzyme phytase (One gram contained 2410

IU of phytase activity) supplemented at 300, 600, 900 and 1200 IU/kg in layer chicken diets containing

available phosphorus at 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 per cent from 21 to 52 weeks of age. A control group fed

with diet containing 0 .50 per cent available phosphorus alone was also maintained. The serum biochemical

characteristics viz. serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phospha tase d id not d iffer significantly. Phytatephosphorus, phosphorus and calciu m reten tion rev ealed significant di ffe rence among treatment groups at

52 week of age. But retention of dry matter, nitrogen and crude pro tein did not exhibit any statisticalnd

variation. Phosphorus excretion was significantly (P

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Res. J. Agric. & Biol. Sci., 4(4): 273-277, 2008

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Table 1: The experimental groups allotted for treatment

1T 0.2 % Available phosphorus

2T 0.2 % A vailable phosph orus + 30 0 units of P hytase



5T 0.2 % Available phosph orus + 12 00 un its of P hytase


7T 0.25 % Available phosph orus + 300 u nits of P hytase



10T 0.25 % Available phosph orus + 1200 un its of P hytase





15T 0.3 % Available phosph orus + 12 00 un its of P hytase

16T 0.5 % A vailable phosp horus (B IS 1992) C ontrol

Table 2: Ingredient and nutrient composition of experim ental layer

diets from 21 to 52 weeks of age (on DM basis)

Available Phosphorus (per cent)

Ingredients (per cent) ------------------------------------------------------

0.20 0.25 0.30 0.50

Maize 48.10 48.10 48.10 48.10

Deoiled rice bran 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20

Sunflower meal 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00

Soybean meal 20.90 20.90 20.90 20.90

Fishmeal 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Calcite 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

Shell Grit 4.80 4.46 4.30 3.00

Dicalcium phosphate 0.00 0.34 0.50 1.80

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Supplements (g/100kg)

2 3AB D K 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.001

B- com ple x 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.002

Trace mineral 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.003

Lysin e 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Meth ionin e 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00Available Phosphorus (per cent)

Nutr ien ts (pe r cent ) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- -

0.21 0.26 0.31 0.49

CP 18.04 18.03 18.03 18.03

Dry matter 90.09 90.09 90.09 90.05

Crude fibre 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.79

Ether extract 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.95

ME(Kcal/kg)* 2530 2530 2530 2530

Calcium 3.75 3.71 3.69 3.69

Total phosphorus 0.52 0.58 0.63 0.83

Phytate phosphorus 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.55

Methionine* 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30

Lysine* 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87

Total ash 12.46 12.51 12.55 12.67

* - Calculated values

2 3 On e gra m of Vi tam in AB D K su pp lem en t con tained 8250 0 IU1

2 3of Vitamin-A, 50 mg of Vitamin-B , 12000 IU of Vitamin-D and

10 mg of Vitamin-K.

One gram of B-Complex supplement contained 8 mg of2

1 6 12Vitamin-B , 16 mg of Vitamin-B , 80 mcg of Vitamin B ,

80 mg of Vitamin-E, 120 mg of Niacin, 8 mg of Folic acid, 80

mg of Calcium pantothenate, 120 mg of Calcium and 300 mg

of Phosphate.

One gram of Trace Minerals contained 54 mg of manganese, 523

mg of zinc, 20 mg of iron, 2 mg of iodine and 1 mg of cobalt.

Note One gram of phytase enzyme contained 2410 IU of phytase

activity.

shell grit were added as calcium sources. Dicalcium

phosph ate (DCP) was used to adjust three different

levels of available phospho rus in different experimental

diets.

Blood Parameter: Blood samples were collected fromthe six birds in each treatment. Serum was separated

and analyzed for the following parameters.

C Serum calcium [1]

C Serum phosphorus[6]

C Alkaline phosphatase[7]

Digestibility Studies: The digestibility studies were

conducted at the end of the experimental period by

selection of four birds from each treatment. The birds

were fed with the assay diets for 7 days, with the first

3 days serving as adaptation period. During the last 4

days, feed intake was monitored and the excreta wascollected daily at 08.00 h, dried for 24 hours at 80 C0

in a forced-air oven, and pooled for analysis. Care

was taken to avoid contamination from feather scales

and debris. The dried excreta were allowed to

equilibrate to atmospheric conditions before being

weighed. Representative samples were taken and

ground to pass through a 0.5-mm sieve.

The feed and the excreta were analysed for dry

matter, crude protein, calcium, total phosphorus,

phytate phosphorus adopting stan dard procedures.

From the results obtained from the above estimations,

the retention of dry matter, nitrogen, protein, calcium,

phosph or us and phyta te phosphorus were studied. Allthe parametric data obtained in this study were

subjected to analysis of variance for statistical

significance as per the methods of Snedecor and

Cochran .[13]

RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION

Serum B iochemical Characteristics: Supplementations

of enzyme phytase on serum biochemical characteristics

are presented in Table 3. The analysis of variance

of data revealed no significant difference in

serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase

among treatment groups at 52 week of age.nd

Amo ng the treatment groups, the serum obtained

from the birds with enzyme phytase supplemented

groups showed higher values of phosphorus than

their respective unsupplemented groups of 0.20 and

0.25 per cent available phosphorus. However, in

0.30 per cent available phosphorus groups with or

without enzyme did not show linear increase or

decrease in their values. Among all the groups 0.50

per cen t sho wed higher phosphorus (6 .17 mg/dl)

value.

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Table 3: Effect of enzyme phytase supplementation on mean (+ S.E.) serum calcium (mg/dl), phosphorus (mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase

(KA Units) and phosphorus excretion (g/bird/day) (+ S.E.) of layer chicken.

Treatment Serum Calcium Serum Phosphorus Alkaline Phosphatase Phosphorus excretion

groups (m g/dl) (m g/dl) (KA Units) (g/bird/day)

1T 09.23 0.25 03.83 0.30 31.43 3.48 0.384 0.003BC

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2

T 09.00 0.40 04.10 0.73 38.64 5.00 0.362 0.001AB

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3T 10.85 0.76 05.70 0.51 39.29 6.38 0.345 0.004A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4T 11.62 1.40 05.92 0.19 44.01 9.15 0.348 0.004A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5T 10.52 0.98 04.93 0.51 27.11 5.38 0.346 0.001A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6T 08.72 0.55 04.13 0.27 31.62 4.53 0.436 0.002EF

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7T 10.15 0.93 05.23 0.53 26.34 4.27 0.406 0.003CD

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8T 09.33 0.14 04.98 0.62 33.97 6.90 0.409 0.005D

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9T 09.05 0.30 05.47 0.29 28.34 3.09 0.407 0.002CD

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10T 08.60 0.25 05.20 0.43 42.52 4.46 0.415 0.001DE

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11T 10.25 0.44 05.60 0.73 43.26 4.30 0.479 0.005G

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12T 09.12 0.34 05.28 0.64 40.09 7.63 0.457 0.002FG

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13T 09.13 0.21 05.07 0.47 24.45 4.34 0.449 0.005F

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14T 10.20 0.66 05.00 0.19 35.78 4.67 0.452 0.003F

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15T 09.55 0.27 04.93 0.26 29.62 4.24 0.459 0.003FG

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16T 11.42 1.02 06.17 0.50 28.32 3.45 0.657 0.005H

Means within a column with no common superscript differ significantly (P

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276

The inclusion of various levels of enzyme phytase

(One g contained 2410 IU of phytase activity) in layer

chicken diets showed that there was no significant

difference in serum calcium (mg/dl), phosphorus

(mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase among treatment

groups at 52 week of age. But numerical decrease innd

serum phosphorus was observed in low phosphorus diet

groups than phytase supplementation groups. Similar

findings were reported by Lan et al. and Viveros et[8]

al. .[17]

Retention of Nutrients:

Retention of Phytate Phosphorus, Phosphorus and

Calcium: The effect of supplementation of various

levels of enzyme phytase in layer chicken diet on

phyta tae phosphorus, phosphor us and calcium is

presented in Table 4. The reten tion of phytate

phosphorus was signif icantly (P

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