2720_8_methods of tests for soils_determination of water content, dry density relation using heavy...

8/12/2019 2720_8_Methods of Tests for Soils_Determination of Water Content, Dry Density Relation Using Heavy Compaction

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IS : 2720 Part 8)-l 983

Indian Standard /L_qpNJ /?wMETHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART 8 DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRYDENSITY RELATION USING HEAVY COMPACTION

Second Revi si onSecond Reprint SEPTEMBER 1994

UDC 624,131.431*3.624*131*431~5

Q Copyr ighr 984BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR M RG

NEW DELHI 110002

Gr February 984


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IS :

hdian Standard2720 Part 8 ) - 1983

METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILSFART 8 DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT - DRYDENSITY RELATION USING HEAVY COMPACTION

( Second Revision )Soil Engineering and Xock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23

Repcrcnfirrg\ssociation of Indian Univcrsirirs, Sew Delhi

Public Works Drpartmrnt, Govl.rnment of UttarPradesh, LucknowUniversity of Jodhpur, JodhptlrEnginet,ring Research Laboratorit>s, Governmc,ntof Andhra Pradesh, HyderabadConcrete Association of India, BombayIrrigation Department, Govrrnment of Pllnjab,

ChandigarhIn personal capacity (5 Hungcrford Court, 121,

Hungerford Street, Calncttu )lndian Geotechnical Society, New DelhiCentral Soil & Mattyrials Research Station, NI*WDelhiIrrigation Department, Government of UttarPradesh, RoorkeeAsia Foundations and Construction (P) Ltd,Born bayUniversity of Roorkee, Roorkec; and Institute ofEngineers ( India ), Calcutta\Cemindia Cornpany Limited, BombaySHRI iY. V. DE-Sous. Alternate ,I

( Continued on pngc 2 )Q Copyright 1984

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSThis publication is protected rmdrr the Indian Cepyrighf AC: ( XIV of 1957 ) andreproduction Fn whole or in part by any means except with written permission of thepublisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of coDvrieht under the said Act. I


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IS : 2720 Part 8) - 1983Continuedfrom page 1 )

Members RepresentingSt5n1 M. IYE NQA~SRRI ASHOE K. J AIN Engineers India Limited, New DelhiSHRI VIJ AY K. J AIN ( Alternate ) G. S. J ain and Associates, RoorkeeJ OINT DIRECTOR RESXARCH (GE)-I , Ministry of Railways

RDSOJ OINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH(GE)-11 RDSO ( Afternale )LT-COL V. K KANITKARSH~ OP. MALJ XOTRA Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army HeadquartersPublic Works Department, Chandigarh Adminis-SHR~ D. R. NARAHARI tration, ChandigarhCentral Building Research Institute ( CSI R ),RoorkeeS I I~ V. S. A~ARWAL ( Alfernate )SHK~ T. K. NATRAJAN Centr$pad Research Institute ( CSIR ), NewSHRI RANJ IT SINGH Ministry of Defence ( R & D )SHRI P. D. DESHPAN~E ( Alternate )DR G. B. RAO Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi

DR K. K. GUPTA ( Alternate )REEEARC~ OFF ICER ( B & RRL ) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab,SECRETARY Chandigarh -Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New DelhiD~PU.TY SECRETARY ( dlfernatc )SE 1 N. SIVAoUnU Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport )SHHI P. R. KAL RA ( Altcrnafe 1San1 K. S. SRINI VASAN SHRI SUNIL BERRY ( Altsrnute )DR N. SOMSERI N. SVBRAMANYAM

National Buildings Organization, New Delhi

SUP~RINTI~ND~N~ ENGINE ER( P SC DC)

Jadavpur University, CalcuttaKarnataka Engineering Research Station,KrishnarajasagarPublic Works Department, Government of TamilNadu, Madras.EXECUTIVE ENGINEE R ( SMRD)( Alternote )SHRI H. C. VERMA All India Instrument Manufacturera and DealersSHRI H. K. GUHA ( Alternate ) Association, BombaySRRI G. RAMAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-ojicio MemberDirector ( Civ Engg ) SecrelavSam K. M. MATHURSenior Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1

Soil Testing Procedures Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3Convener

DR ALAM SINQH University oft Jodhpur, Jodhpur&nber~

SHRI AYAK SrNQH Centr$or~~lding Research Institute ( CSIR ),3~~1 M. -R. Sonlur ( lf~errto#r )

( Confinurden #age 9 )2


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IndianMETHODS OF

PART 8 DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT -- DRYDE-NSITY RELATION USING HEAVY COMPACTION

IS : 2720 Part 8 ) - 1983

StandardTEST FOR SOILS

(Second Revision )0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution on 28 November 1983, after the draft finalized bythe Soil Engineering and Rocks Mechanics Sectional Committee hadbeen approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.0.2 Purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to determine the properamount Df mixing water to be used, when compacting the soil in the fieldand the resulting degree of denseness which can be expected fromcompaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish this, alaboratory test which will give a degree of compaction comparable tothat obtained by the field method used is necessary. This procedure issatisfactory for cohesive soils but does not lend itself well to the study ofthe compaction characteristics of clean sands or gravels which displaceeasily when struck with rammer. Some nearly cohesionless soilscompact satisfactorily in the standard test although in many cases thewater density curiae is not well defiued. Frequently, too in these casesindicated, maximum density is not as great as can be achieved readily inthe field under available conlpaction methods. With a knowledge ofthe water density relation as determined by this test, better control of thefield compaction of soil fill is possible because the optimum moisturecontent and the density which should be obtained are known by using thistest procedure and these can be checked by field control tests. Thispart which was first published in 1965 and revised in I974 covers themethod of test based on heavy compaction. The method of test based onlight compaction is covered in IS : 2720 ( Part 7 )-1~80*. This revisionis prepared so as to cover such cases when soil could be susceptibleto crushing ~during compaction.0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,

*Methods of test for soils : Part 7 Determination of water content .-dry densit\relation using light compaction secondrecision.3


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fS : 2720 Part 8 ) - 1983expressing the resuit of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off inaccordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retainedin the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified valuein this standard.

1. SCOPE1.1 This standard ( Part 8) lays down the method for the determinationof the relation between the water content and the dry density of soilsusing heavy compaction.2. TERMINOLOGY2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2809-19727 shall apply.3. APPARATUS3.1 Cylindrical Metal Mould - It shall be either of 100 mm diameterand I 000 cm3 volume or 150 mm diameter, and 2 250 cm3 volumeand shall conform to IS : 10074-1982:.3.2 Sample Extruder Optior.al) - It consists of a jack, lever frameor other device adopted for the purpose of extruding compactedspecimens from the mould.3.3 Balances - One of 10 kg capacity sensitive to 1 g, and other of 200 gcapacity and sensitive to 001 g.3.4 Oven -Thermostatically controlled, with interior of non-corrodingmaterial to maintain temperature between 105 and 110C.3.5 Container - Any suitable non-corrodible airtight container todetermine the water content for tests conducted in the laboratory.3.6 Steel Straightedge - A steel straightedge about 30 cm in lengthand having one bevelled edge.3.7 Sieve - 4*75-mm, 19-mm and. 37.5 mm IS sieves conforming toIS: 460 Part I )-1978s.

*Rllles for roundirlg off numerical values ( revi sed .~Glossary ofterms and symbols relating to soil engineering (jirst revision ).;Specification for compaction mould assembly for light and heavy compaction of

soils.Specification for test sieves: Part 1Wire cloth test sieves ( srcond revi ri on .

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IS : 2720 ( Part 8) - 19833.8 Mixing Tools - Miscellaneous tools, such as tray or pan, spoon,trowel and spatula, or a. suitable mechanical device for thoroughlymixing the sample of soil with additions of water.3.9 Metal Rammer - Heavy compaction rammer conforming toIS : 9 189-1979*.4. SOIL SPECIMEN4.1 A representative portion of air-dried soil material and large enoughto provide about 6 kg of material passing a 19-mm IS sieve (for soilsnot susceptible to crushing during compaction ), or about 15 kg ofmaterial passing a 19 mm IS sieve ( for soils susceptible to crushingduring compaction ), shall be taken ( see Note ). This portion shall besieved on a 19 mm IS sieve and the coarse fraction rejected after itsproportion of the total sample has been recorded.

~NOTRThe soil should be considered susceptible to crushing duringcomtxrction if the samole contains granular material of a soft nature. such as softlime stone, sandstone, etc , I which ii reduced in size by the action of the 4.9-kgrammer. The procedure given in 5.2 for soils susceptible to crushing duringcompaction can be applied to all soils if it is convenient to do so.4.1.1 Aggregations of particles shall be broken down so that if thesample was sieved on a 4.75-m IS sieve, only separated individualparticles would be retained.

5. PROCEDURE5.1 Soil Not Susceptible to Crushing During Compaction seeNote under 4.1 ) - The procedure is as follows:

5.1.1 A 5-kg sample of air dried soil passing the 1 mm IS test sieveshall be taken (see Note 1 ). The sample shall be mixed thoroughlywith a suitable amount of water depending on the soil type ( see Notes2 and 3 ).5.1.2 The mould, of 1 000 cm3 capacity with baseplate attached, shallbe weighed to the nearest 1 g ( m, ). The mould shall be placed on a

solid base, such as a concrete floor or plinth and the moist soil shallbe compacted into the mould, with the extension attached, in fivelayers of approximately equal mass, each layer being given 25 blowsfrom the 4*9-kg rammer droped from a height of 450 mm above thesoil. The blows shall be distributed uniformly over the surface of eachlayer. The operator shall ensure that the tube of the rammer is keptclear of soil so that the rammer always falls freely. The amount of soil*Specification for compaction rammer for soil testing.

5


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IS : 2720 Part 3 ) - 1983used shall be suficient to fill the mould, leaving not more than about6 mm to be struck off when the extension is removed (see Note 4 ),The extension shall be removed and the compacted soil shall be levelledoff carefully to the top of the mould by means of the straightedge. Themonld and soil shall then be weighed neaIest to 1 g ( ~2 .

5.1.3 The compacted soil specimen shall be removed from the mouldand placed on the mixing tray. The water content of a representativesample of the specimen shall be determined as in IS : 2720 ( Par: 2 )-1973*.

5.1.4 The remainder of the soil specimen shall be broken up, rubbedthrough the 19-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainderof the original sample. Suitable increments of water ( SCENote 5 ) shall beadded successively and mixed into the sample, and the above procedurefrom operations 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 shall be repeated for each increment ofwater added. The total number of determinations made shall be atleast five, and the moisture contents should be such that the optimummoisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is withinthat range.5.2 Soil Susceptible to Crushing During Compaction (see Noteunder 4.1 ) - The procedure is as follows :

5.2.1 Five or more 2.5 kg samples of air-dried soil passing the 1 mmIS sieve, shall be taken ( see Note 1 ). The samples shall each be mixedthoroughly with different amounts of warer to give a suitable range ofmoisture contents (see Notes 2 and 3 ). The range of moisture content,at which the maximum dry density occurs, is within that range ( .WKate 5 ).5.2.2 Each sample shall be treated as in 5.1.2.5.2.3 Each specimen shall be treated as in 5.1.3.5.2.4 The remainder of each soil specimen shall be discarded.

5.3 Compaction ilm Large Size Mould - For compacting soilcontaining coarse material up to 37.5 mm size, the 2 250 cm3 mouldshould be used. A sample weighing about 30 kg and passing the 37.5 mmIS sieve is used for the test. Soil is compacted in fibe layers, each layerbeing given 55 blows of the 4*9-kg rammer. The test of the procedureis the same as in 5.1 or 5.2.

NOTE 1 - The removal of small amounts of stone ( up to 5 percent ) retained ona 1 mm IS sieve will effect the density obtainable only by amounts comparablefcthods of test for soil : Part 2 Determination of water contcnr (scconri rsukion

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IS ,: 2720 ( Part 8 ) - 1983with the experimental error involved in measuring the maximum dry density; Theexclusion of a large proporation of stone coarser than 19-mm may have a majoreffect on the density obtained compared with that obtainable with soil as a whole,and on the optimum moisture content. There is at present no generally acceptedmethod of test of calculation for dealing with this difficulty in comparinglaboratory compaction test results with densities obtained in the field. For soilscontaining larger proportions of gravel, the use of a bigger mould ( 2250 ems willavoid major errors.

NOTE 2-The amount of water to be mixed with air-dried soil at thecommencement of the test will vary with the type of soil under test. In general,with sandy and gravelly soils a moisture content of 3 to 5 percent would be-suitable,whiie with cohesive soils a moisture content about 12 to 16 percent below the plasticlimit of the soil should usually be suitable.NWTE 3 - It is important that the water is mixed thoroughly and adequatelywith the soil, since inadequate mixing gives rise to variable test results. This isparticularly important with cohesive souls when adding a substantial quantity ofwater to the air-dried soil. With clays of high plasticity, or where hand mixing isemployed, it may be difficult to distribute the water uniformly through the air-driedsoil by mixing alone, and it may be necessary to store the mixed sample in a sealed

container for a minimum period of about 16 hours before continuing with the test,NOTE 4.- It snecessary to control the total volume of soil compacted, since ithas been found that if the amount of soil struck off after removing the extension istoo great, the test results will be inaccurate.NOTE 5 - The water added for each stage of the test should be such that arange of moisture contents is obtained which includes the optimum moisture. Ingeneral, increments of 1 to 2 percent are suitable for sandy and gravelly soils andof 2 to 4 percent for cohesive soils. To increase the accuracy of the test it is oftenadvisable to reduce the increments of water in the region of the optimum moisturecontent.

6. CALCULATIONS6.1 Bulk Density -Bulk density, Y,, in g/ems of each compactedspecimen shall be calculated from the equation:

Trn L ?+L?%mwhere

m, = mass in g of mould and base;ml = mass in g of mould, base and soil; andVm = volume in cm3 of mould.

6.2 Dry Density - The dry density, Yd, in g/cm, shall be calculatedfrom the equation :

wherew = moisture content of soil

7in percent.


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IS : 2720 Part 8 ) - 19836.3 The dry densities, Yd obtained in a series of determinations shall beplotted against the corresponding moisture contents ZC. A smooth curveshall be drawn through the resulting points and the position of themaximum on this curve shall be determined.

7. REPORTING OF RESULTS7.1 The experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through themshowing the relationship between moisture content and dry density shallbe reported.7.2 The dry density in g/cm3 corresponding to the maximum point onthe moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the maximumdry density to the nearest 0.01.7.3 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximumdry density on the moisture content,dry density curve shall be reportedas the optimum moisture content and quoted to the nearst O-2 for valuesbelow 5 percent to the nearest 0.5 for values from 5 to 10 percent, and tothe nearest whole number for value exceeding 10 percent ( SPC Noteunder 7.5 ).7.4 The amount of stone retained on the 19-mm IS sieve shall be reportedto the nearest 1 percent.7.5 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated, ( 4*9-kg rammermethod ). The procedure used shall also he stated that is single sampleor separate sample and the size of the mouid used.

NOTE -For~sorne highly permeable soils such as clean gravels, uniformilygraded and coarse cleen sands the results of the laboratory compaction test ( 4.9-rammer method ) may provide only. a poor guidr tor specifications on ieldcompaction. The laboratory test often Indicates higher values of optimum moisturecontent than would be desirable for field compaction and thr maximum dry densityis often much lower than the state of compaction, that can readily be obtained in thefield.

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IS 82720 ( Part 8 ) - 1983Cbntinucd from pag 2 )

ASS&ANT -RESEARCHOP~IOEB(SRI)) ( Allcrnotc )PEPUTY DI~ECTOB RESEAIUXI( GE-III ), RDSBJOINT DIBECTOH RESEARCH( GE-I ), RDSO ( Altrmab )DIREOTOBDEPUTY DIRECTOR ( Alfernate )SHRI H. K. GIJHASasx N. N. BEATTACHABAYA

DE Gk ? h~DR S. C. HANDA i Alternote )-Da SHAL(IHI . GIJLHATISHRI P. JAOANATHA hoLT-61, V. K. KANIXARSHRI M. D. NAIR

PROP T. S. N.~QAuIJ rhrnatr)

trrigation Department, Government of Punjab,ChandigarhIrrigation Department, Government of UttarPradesh LucknowMinistry of Railways

Central Soil and Materials Research Station, Ne\\DelhiGeologiat Syndicate Private Limited, Calcutta

University of Roorkee, RoorkeeIndian Institute of Technology, New DelhiCentral Road Research Institute (CSIR ), NewDelhiEngineer-in-Chief8 Branch, Army HeadquartersAssociated Instru inents Manufacturers (I) PrivateLimited.. New Delhi


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