INFO 22.7 What ICT Can Provide

Tweet your responses #ictdbs12

Why do we use computers?

Specification

1. ICT provides what 6 features?2. Discuss ‘Fast, repetitive processing’3. Discuss ‘Vast storage capacity’4. Discuss ‘Improved search facilities’5. Discuss ‘Improved presentation of information’6. Discuss ‘Improved accessibility of information and services’7. Discuss ‘Improved security of data and processes’8. What limitations are there for what ICT can be used for?9. What limitations are there for what ICT systems can produce in terms of

information?10. Why else might ICT not provide the appropriate solution?11. What 3 types of processing exist?12. Explain Batch Processing and give an appropriate example of when it might be

used.13. Explain interactive Processing and give an appropriate example of when it

might be used.14. Explain transaction Processing and give an appropriate example of when it

might be used.15. What words could be used to distinguish between the 3 types of processing?

To consolidate you should be able to answer these questions…

What ICT Provides

1. Fast, repetitive processing2. Vast storage capacity3. Improved search facilities4. Improved presentation of information5. Improved accessibility of information and

services6. Improved security of data and processes

Fast, repetitive processingCan perform calculations quicklyProcess repetitive calculations

Mapping DNAFinancial managementRendering 3D

Vast storage capacitySmaller storage space requiredShared access to digital storage

Improved search facilities Search on multiple criteria Speed of search results

Multimedia◦ Animations◦ Video◦ Audio◦ Images

Websites Podcasts Online polls

Improved presentation of information

World Wide Web provides us with access to up-to-date, world wide news and information

Blogs Social Networks Micro-blogging Instant messaging Chat rooms Forums Podcasts

Improved accessibility of information and services

Encryption Biometrics Usernames and Passwords Privileges

Improved security of data and processes

Limitations of ICT? Issues with over spending, failure to

produce solution, lateness Humans can still do many things better:

◦ Reasoning◦ Opinions◦ Speech

Limitations of ICT out (Information) GIGO Validation Verification Valued Judgments Digital from analogue

Why else might ICT not provide the appropriate solution? Personal touch might be needed Quick pencil and paper notes might be more

accessible than logging on setting up a document etc.

Interpersonal communication (see doctor instead of NHS Direct)

ICT is this

INPUTPROCES

SOUTPUT

What do we know about this?

ENTERDATA

What do we know about this?

PRESENTINFORMATION

What do we know about this?

All computers work on a basis of INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT

The PROCESSING element can be treated differently depending on the circumstances.

There are 3 modes of processing to consider◦ Batch◦ Transaction◦ Interactive (Real Time)

NOTE: There is some overlap between them; most transaction processing applications are also interactive

Types of Processing

What is it?◦ Where data is collected together in a group (batch) before processing takes

place.

Characteristics◦ When processing takes place there is no interaction between computer and

user◦ Usually performed overnight◦ Large volumes of data can be processed efficiently◦ Backing up is simple and can be done after each new job◦ Tends to have strong error checking features built in (information produced is

often accurate)◦ Uses fewer system resources

Appropriate contexts for use:◦ Suited to regular jobs that happen at scheduled times and involve large

quantities of data e.g. A payroll system Power Supply bills for customers Processing cheques

Types of Processing - BATCH

Analogy

Each time one person requires a parcel to be delivered to another country it is not processed.

You wait until several people require postal's to that country

You then get all the packages together, organise them and deliver them on one plane journey

Master File

(e.g. All customers

details including name, add.

Balance etc.)

ChequeAc No.

124

ChequeAc No.

123

ChequeAc No.

127

Transaction

Transaction

Transaction

Transaction File

BATCH

STEP 1Single transactions are made

STEP 2Each transaction is collected and stored in a transaction file. Transactions are sorted into same order as the records in the master file

STEP 3When the processing is scheduled to run e.g. overnight. Each record in the transaction file is read with the corresponding record of the master file. An updated Master file is then created

ChequeAc No.

123

ChequeAc No.

124

ChequeAc No.

127

What is it?◦ There is interaction between the ICT system and the user.

The user reacts to prompts from the system and system uses these prompts to process the data

Characteristics◦ Real time (immediate)◦ input-, process, output controlled by the user

Appropriate contexts for use:◦ Flight control – automatic pilot using sensors to control the

plane◦ Games – high speed action games where an immediate

response is needed

Types of Processing - INTERACTIVE

What is it?◦ Allows many users to access and update a system at apparently the same time. Each

transaction must be completed before the next transaction begins.

Characteristics◦ Aims to work quickly with a large amount of different transactions◦ Works with multiple users◦ Master file is updates immediately◦ Only one record of the master file is accessed◦ Master file is always kept up-to-date◦ Backing up is a problem

Appropriate contexts for use◦ Booking a flight

Requires multi-access as many travel agents need access to the same file but must be up-to-date as transactions are made so as not to double book

◦ Booking seats at a cinema◦ Buying a shirt at a till in Topman

Many tills updating the same system but a new transaction at your till can not take place until your transaction has been completed

Types of Processing - TRANSACTION

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Past Paper Questions

Page 99 and 100 of the McNee and Spencer Text Book.

Read both Case Studies and answer the ‘End of sub-Topic Questions’ 4, 5 and 6 (Page 100)

For tomorrow’s lesson (This must be printed out prior to lesson NOT on your arrival to the lesson)

◦ Thursday detention if failure to complete OR failure to have printed out before the lesson

Homework