27-may-2004 nesc edinburgh the evolving network peter clarke the evolving network some science...

27-May-2004 NeSC EdinburghThe Evolving Network Peter Clarke

The evolving network

Some Science drivers

Issues and Technology

today

Future evolution

Peter Clarke University College London

[email protected]


Radio Astronomy: Very Long Baseline InterferometryRadio Astronomy: Very Long Baseline Interferometry


Jodrell BankUK

OnsalaSweden

MedicinaItaly

TorunPoland

EffelsbergGermany

WesterborkNetherlands

JIVE

TODAY

TOMORROW


Particle Particle Physics : The Large : The Large Hadron Collider Collider

The CERN AcceleratorComplex

Proton-Proton Collisions

~ 20 PetaBytes per year


Breast Screening ProgrammesBreast Screening Programmes

Current system is “minimal”

technologically

(taken from e-DiaMoND Project)


NETWORK NETWORK

Future should be digitised and

processed images

Remote Radiographers ?

Remote Patient information

2nd opinion

• Requires ~ Gbit/s flows for remote access

• Will not be possible without scheduled guaranteed net-

services

(taken from e-DiaMoND Project)


Issues are:

• TCP – the internet workhorse

• Servers– Disk I/O– Network Cards– Architecture– OS

• Local network and firewall

• The mindset : im getting poor response, the network must be to blame – so I give up

To 1st order the wide area network is not the problem

SuperJANET

(10 Gbit/s

SuperJANET

(10 Gbit/s

Regional Regional

RegionalRegional

Campus

Campus

Campus

Campus

Client

Server

The “network”

Typically 2.5 – 10

Gbit/s

User gets10 -100 Mbit/s

Issues and technology todayIssues and technology today


Example technology issue (1) : TCP (Transport Control Protocol )

• You use this every day for almost everything you do on the internet• Never designed long distance high bandwidth networks

– but amazing that it does so well !!!

Rate

Time

• Ordinary TCP cant survive packet loss

• Plot show response to 1 packet loss per million

Rate

Time

• “High Speed TCP” is designed for today's internet and responds sensibly to the same packet loss

[S.Floyd http://www.icir.org/floyd/hstcp.html]


“High performance ” servers easily achieve

~ 500 Mbits/s

Example technology issue (2) : Disk Input/Output• Great difference between low and high performance servers• Care is needed also with interface to network

“Standard” servers easily achieve ~ 100 Mbits/s

I/ORate

Time


• IP packets can be “marked”

• At each node (router) in chain, marked packets can given “business class” treatment

Example technology issue (3) : Differentiated Services

SortIdentify & Classify Dequeue

TimeRate

2.5 Gbit/sbackground

Priority flow


Rate

Time

940 Mbit/s

A 24 hour High Speed TCP test from Manchester to CCLRC-RAL

Messages:

Getting 1 Gbit/s out of real networks is a known solution (actually, getting 5 Gbit/s out of network has been done)

Applications people and network people have to bring it together to “make it work for science”


Requirements

# of users

A -> Lightweight users, browsing, mailing

B -> Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s

C -> Special scientific applications, computing, data grids

C

A

B

Picture from Cees DeLaatUniversity of Amsterdam

The Future Network ?The Future Network ?


Requirements

Total BW

A -> Need full Internet routing, many to many

B -> Need VPN services and some Internet routing, several to several

C -> Doesn’t need internet routing, Need very fat pipes, limited sites, few to few

C

A

B


… a possible Network of the Future….

Provides• Normal best effort IP network where appropriate • Extended “virtual LANs” where appropriate • Switched lightpaths where appropriate

“layer-2” split out of wavelength[e.g. Ethernet]

Router RouterRouted IP Network


NorthernLight

CERN

Czech Light

SunLight

Pacific NW GigaPOP

MANLAN

This new way of networking was the rationale for

UKLIGHT - a National Facility for Advanced Optical Networking -

UKLight


10 Gbit/s

SURFnet10 Gbit/s

SURFnet10 Gbit/s

IEEAF10 Gbit/s

PragueCzechLight

PragueCzechLight

2.5 Gbit/s

NSF10 Gbit/s

StockholmNorthernLight

StockholmNorthernLight

CA*net4

2.5 Gbit/s

New YorkMANLANNew YorkMANLAN

TokyoWIDETokyoWIDE

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

IEEAF10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

2.5 Gbit/s

2.5 Gbit/sTokyoAPANTokyoAPAN

AmsterdamNetherLightAmsterdamNetherLight

GenevaCERN

GenevaCERN

LondonUKLightLondonUKLight

ChicagoStarLightChicagoStarLight

Source: Kees Neggers, SURFnet… in a bit more detail …


UKLIGHT is:

• A VISION – The UK was missing from an important the global stage– The UK needed to be there – and now it is

• SCIENCE AND NETWORKING ENABLEMENT – Driven by a cross disciplinary scientific case– Applications: HEP, Radio Astronomy, HPC, TeleMedicine…– Network R&D: to find new paradigms for the next generation

network

• INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORTED BY KEY BODIES– Core e-Science Programme– JISC-JCSR and JISC-JCN– Funded through HEFC SRIF

• A DRIVER for SuperJANET-5: – The Global optical network initiative has been a driver which has

influenced the way the next generation networks will be built. – The aim is more flexible – more cost efficient provisioning to

meet needs of diverse user requirements.


As a result of the initiative, UKERNA have pushed through a complementary initiative to provide a nationwide domestic R&D network in parallel with SupetJANET

LeNSESWERN

Kentish MAN

NorMAN

YHMAN

EMMAN

EastNet

LMN

South WalesMAN

TVN

MidMAN

NorthernIreland

NNWC&NLMAN

Glasgow Edinburgh

Warrington Leeds

Reading London

Bristol Portsmouth

EaStMAN

UHI NetworkClydenet

AbMANFaTMAN

S

T

C

T

T

T

TT

T

S S

S

T

T

This is a UK first !We have never had a pervasive

R&D network before

Potentially any institute can

connect to the R&D network, and to access

UKLIGHT through it

LondonUKLightLondonUKLight


Early Adopter projects already knocking at the door

– ESLEA : proof of benefit to:

• Radio Astronomy

• Particle physics through GridPP

• High performance computation through RealityGrid

• E-Health through e-DiaMoND

– White rose Grid

– High Performance Monitoring Project

– …needs more…


Conclude with a success story in the field of Conclude with a success story in the field of Computational ScienceComputational Science

Reality Grid performs massive simulations of complex molecular dynamics

ReG won Most innovative Data Intensive application award at SC2003 conference & recently a European ISC 2004 award

• A comprehensive interconnection of HPC machines in UK and USA

• Connected by a “pre-UKLIGHT” network

27-may-2004 nesc edinburgh the evolving network peter clarke the evolving network some science...

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