25.a. Boston Massacre Believing & DoubtingUnderline what you will do, and circle what you will learn in today’s Learning Target:

Learning Target - I can earn a ¾ on the Proficiency Scale by answering the question, “Do you think that the British Soldiers were guilty of murder? Why or Why not?,” based on several sources on the Boston Massacre that I will evaluate using a Believing & Doubting Protocol.

Mini-Lesson

GROUP PRACTICE: The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770 when British soldiers in Boston opened fire on a group of American colonists killing five men.

Townshend Acts Prior to the Boston Massacre the British had instituted a number of new taxes on the American colonies including taxes on tea, glass, paper, paint, and lead. These taxes were part of a group of laws called the Townshend Acts. The colonies did not like these laws. They felt these laws were a violation of their rights. Just like when Britain imposed the Stamp Act, the colonists began to protest and the British brought in soldiers to keep order.

What happened at the Boston Massacre? The Boston Massacre began the evening of March 5, 1770 with a small argument between British Private Hugh White and a few colonists outside the Custom House in Boston on King Street. The argument began to escalate as more colonists gathered and began to harass and throw sticks and snowballs at Private White. Soon there were over 50 colonists at the scene. The local British officer of the watch, Captain

Thomas Preston, sent a number of soldiers over to the Custom House to maintain order. However, the sight of British soldiers armed with bayonets just aggravated the crowd further. They began to shout at the soldiers, daring them to fire. Captain Preston then arrived and tried to get the crowd to disperse. Unfortunately, an object thrown from the crowd struck one of the soldiers, Private Montgomery, and knocked him down. He fired into the crowd. After a few seconds of stunned silence, a number of other soldiers fired into the crowd as well. Three colonists died immediately and two more died later from wounds.

After the Incident The crowd was eventually dispersed by the acting governor of Boston, Thomas Hutchinson. Thirteen people were arrested including eight British soldiers, one officer, and four civilians. They were charged with murder and put in jail awaiting their trial. British troops were removed from the city as well. The Trials The trial of the eight soldiers began on November 27, 1770. The government wanted the soldiers to have a fair trial, but they were having difficulty in getting a lawyer to represent them. Finally, John Adams agreed to be their lawyer. Although he was a patriot, Adams thought that the soldiers deserved a fair trial. Adams argued that the soldiers had the right to defend themselves. He showed that they thought their lives were in danger from the mob that had gathered. Six of the soldiers were found not-guilty and two were found guilty of manslaughter. Results The Boston Massacre became a rallying cry for patriotism in the colonies. Groups like the Sons of Liberty used it to show the evils of British rule. Although the American Revolution would not start for another five years, the event certainly moved people to look at British rule in a different light. Interesting Facts About the Boston Massacre● The British call the Boston Massacre the "Incident on King Street".● After the incident, both sides tried to use propaganda in the newspapers to make the other side look bad. One famous engraving by

Paul Revere shows Captain Preston ordering his men to fire (which he never did) and labels the Custom House as "Butcher's Hall".● There is some evidence that the colonists planned the attack on the soldiers.● One of the men killed was Crispus Attucks, a runaway slave who had become a sailor. The other victims included Samuel Gray, James

Caldwell, Samuel Maverick, and Patrick Carr.● There was little evidence against the four civilians arrested and they were all found not-guilty in their trial.

The soldiers did shoot the people. No one else did.

1

The soldiers thought that they were in danger, so they shot at the people for their own safety.

1

Two

the soldiers wouldn’t have fired into the crowd if they did not feel that they were in danger. In the text it states that a soldier was struck down by a stick that was thrown at him and he shot his gun. This means that the soldier was defending himself and no one would have shot if he didn’t get hit.

Notice: I included everything necessary for getting a four on the Proficiency Scale for RH.7.1 - citing evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.

● I annotated● I restated + answered● I used the transitional phrase “This means that,” ● I explained my answer in my own words (paraphrasing)

Mini-Lesson

Exit Ticket1. Reflect on today’s lesson up until where it says “STOP HERE”2. Put your packet in your folder 3. Put your folder on the round table4. Pack up5. Stand next to your seat6. Wait to be dismissed

25.b. Boston Massacre Socratic Seminar PrepUnderline what you will do, and circle what you will learn in today’s Learning Target:

Learning Target - I can prepare for a Socratic Seminar in which the class will discuss the question, “Was the Boston Massacre Propaganda?” by writing 6 open ended questions based on various text, video, and internet resources.

Perspective - a point of view about a topic or event

Bias - a favoring of some ideas or people over others, also known as a prejudice. (ex. She has a bias against newcomers.)Subjective - based on opinionsObjective - Just Facts, no opinions

Propaganda - 1. A message that is intended primarily to serve the interests of the messenger, 2. the spreading of information in order to influence public opinion and to manipulate other people's beliefs.

This engraving by Paul Revere is considered colonial Propaganda by the Sons of Liberty because it makes the case that the British attacked unarmed citizens on March 5, 1770. The engraving is also titled the “Boston Massacre,” which is how the event gets its name.

This British painting of the event shows colonists being armed and lots of thrown items on the ground at the feet of the British soldiers. Some colonists in this image are defending the soldiers. The British call this event the “Incident on King Street.” This propaganda is meant to send a very different message.

Today you will be writing open ended questions in order to prepare for a Socratic Seminar.

The point of a Socratic Seminar is to discuss a topic deeply by asking each other questions about the topic in order to gain a deeper understanding. When we do our Socratic Seminar, we will work in partners. There will be an inner circle and an outer circle. One partner will sit behind the other. The inner circle will participate in the first round of discussion. The outer circle will provide feedback and coaching for the partner in the inner circle. Each round, partners will switch between the inner and outer circles so that everyone can have a chance to discuss and to give feedback. By the end, we should all be able to answer the Focus Question and explain our reasoning based on what evidence we have observed about the Boston Massacre, the vocabulary, and the Socratic Seminar Discussion.

Open Ended Questions:● No one “right” answer● Opinion questions “In your opinion….”, “ Do you think……”, “What do

you think….”● Scenario questions “What if….”

Examples:“In your opinion, is there really a right and wrong?”“Do you think that propaganda can be good?”“What do you think makes something propaganda or not propaganda?”“What if you had to think of some examples of propaganda today? What would be the first thing to come to your mind?”“What if the school wanted to use propaganda to convince everyone to only eat the vegetables at lunch and you were put in charge of making the propaganda? What is an example of something you would make?”

Focus Question: Was the Boston Massacre propaganda?When discussing:

1. Only speak if you have the talking piece2. Use Accountable Talk Stems3. Track the speaker

Coaches:Look for: Speaking clearly, using evidence from the text, actively listening to other speakers, accountable talk stems, positive recognition of other speakers, respectful interactions, and strong points being made. Each earns 1 tally that all together add up to 7 points total. Tally each of these that you notice on the scorecards and give a glow and a grow after each round.

5 Bonus Points!Mr. Pidel will record tallies for every time a scholar:

● refers to a piece of evidence from one of our sources● makes a connection between what we are learning and current events or every day life● uses an accountable talk stem.

If the class gets 20 tallies, everyone gets 5 bonus points on today’s lesson!

Useable Evidence:

1. “John Adams”2. Boston Massacre Reading3. Vocabulary

MORE RESOURCES!!!!Available on mrpidel.com:1. Boston Gazette Article2. London Chronicle Article3. Political Cartoons4. Witness Testimonies

Focus Question: Was the Boston Massacre propaganda?When discussing:

1. Only speak if you have the talking piece2. Use Accountable Talk Stems3. Track the speaker

Coaches:Look for: Speaking clearly, using evidence from the text, actively listening to other speakers, accountable talk stems, positive recognition of other speakers, respectful interactions, and strong points being made. Each earns 1 tally that all together add up to 7 points total. Tally each of these that you notice on the scorecards and give a glow and a grow after each round.

5 Bonus Points!Mr. Pidel will record tallies for every time a scholar:

● refers to a piece of evidence from one of our sources● makes a connection between what we are learning and current events or every day life● uses an accountable talk stem.

If the class gets 20 tallies, everyone gets 5 bonus points on today’s lesson!

25.c. Boston Massacre Socratic SeminarUnderline what you will do, and circle what you will learn in today’s Learning Target:

Learning Target - I can earn a ¾ or higher on the Proficiency Scale by explaining my answer to the question, “Do you think that the Boston Massacre was propaganda?” based on previously analyzed sources and discussion after participating in a Socratic Seminar.

Focus Question: Was the Boston Massacre propaganda?When discussing:

1. Only speak if you have the talking piece2. Use Accountable Talk Stems3. Track the speaker

Coaches:Look for: Speaking clearly, using evidence from the text, actively listening to other speakers, accountable talk stems, positive recognition of other speakers, respectful interactions, and strong points being made. Each earns 1 tally that all together add up to 7 points total. Tally each of these that you notice on the scorecards and give a glow and a grow after each round.

5 Bonus Points!Mr. Pidel will record tallies for every time a scholar:

● refers to a piece of evidence from one of our sources● makes a connection between what we are learning and current events or every day life● uses an accountable talk stem.

If the class gets 20 tallies, everyone gets 5 bonus points on today’s lesson!

EXIT TICKET RUBRIC VOTE!!!

In order to get a ¾ on the proficiency scale, you must Restate & Answer the question.

BUT!!!

In order to get a 4/4 for explaining should we…?

1 finger = explain using one detail from the movie

2 fingers = explain using one detail from mrpidel.com

3 fingers = explain using one detail from any of the sources you want as long as you say which source you used

Exit Ticket1. Answer the Exit Ticket Question2. Reflect on today’s lesson up until where it says “STOP HERE”3. Put your packet in your folder 4. Put your folder on the round table5. Pack up6. Stand next to your seat7. Wait to be dismissed

25.d. Boston Massacre Debate Prep

Underline what you will do, and circle what you will learn in today’s Learning Target:

Learning Target - I can prepare for a debate about whether or not the British Soldiers of the Boston Massacre were guilty of murder.

Focus Question: Do you think that the British Soldiers were Guilty of murder? Why or Why not?

Steps: 1. Opening Statement Prep2. Debate Rebuttal PrepUseable Evidence:1. “John Adams”2. Boston Massacre Reading3. Vocabulary4. Resources on mrpidel.com:

5 Bonus Points!Mr. Pidel will record tallies for every time a scholar:

● refers to a piece of evidence from one of our sources● makes a connection between what we are learning and current events or every day life● uses an accountable talk stem.

If the class gets 20 tallies, everyone gets 5 bonus points on today’s lesson!

25.e. Boston Massacre Debate

Underline what you will do, and circle what you will learn in today’s Learning Target:

Learning Target - I can earn a ¾ or higher on the Proficiency Scale by participating in a debate about whether or not the British Soldiers of the Boston Massacre were guilty of murder, writing a conclusion based on what I have learned, and supporting it with source details.

Focus Question: Do you think that the British Soldiers were guilty of murder?Why or Why not?

Steps: 1. Do Now - 3 minutes2. Opening Statements - 4 minutes Per team 3. Work Period - 5 minutes 4. Rebuttal - 4 minutes per team 5. Work Period - 3 minutes 6. Q&A - 2 minutes per team 7. Work Period - 1 minute 8. Closing Statements - 2 minutes Per team 9. Exit Ticket & Reflection - 5 minutes

Mr. Pidel will record tallies for every time a scholar:

● refers to a piece of evidence from one of our sources

● makes a connection between what we are learning and current events or every day life

● uses an accountable talk stem. If the class gets 20 tallies, everyone gets 5 bonus points on today’s lesson!

Exit Ticket1. Reflect on today’s lesson up until where it says “STOP HERE”2. Put your packet in your folder 3. Put your folder on the round table4. Pack up5. Stand next to your seat6. Wait to be dismissed