(24.01) plant essential elements

7/28/2019 (24.01) Plant Essential Elements

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Plants Essential Elements

Macro and Micronutrients


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Nutrients

MACRO-required in

relatively large

amounts

MICRO-required in

small amounts, minor

or trace elements


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Macro: non-mineral elements

Carbon (C)

Hydrogen (H)

Oxygen (O)
http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/~alvarez/Work/NZ2001/images/t-WaterFall.jpg


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Macro: primary nutrients

Nitrogen (N)

Phosphorus (P)

Potassium (K)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.rrcnet.org/~swes/FIG6.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.rrcnet.org/~swes/VEpage.html&h=385&w=477&prev=/images?q=corn+plant&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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Macro: secondary nutrients

Calcium (Ca)

Magnesium (Mg)

Sulfur (S)
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ling417/milk.jpg


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Micronutrients

Iron (Fe)

Copper (Cu)

Zinc (Zn)

Boron (B)

Molybdenum (Mo)

Manganese (Mn) Chlorine (Cl)
http://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpghttp://digilander.libero.it/mrolympia/m5.jpghttp://www.atpictures.com/images/arnold/title.jpg


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Nitrogen

Promotes growth of

leaves and stems

Gives dark green colorand improves quality

of foliage

Necessary to develop

cell proteins and

chlorophyll
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/personnel/smith_david/pictures/tractor.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/personnel/smith_david/&h=200&w=266&prev=/images?q=nitrogen+application+&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8


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Nitrogen

Deficiency noted

when leaves are a sick,

yellow-green color Short stems, small

leaves, pale colored

leaves and flowers

Slow and dwarfed

plant growth


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Phosphorus

Stimulates early

formation and growth

of roots Provides fast and

vigorous growth and

speeds maturity

Stimulates flowering

and seed development
http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/art/kf1.jpg


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Phosphorus

Symptoms of

deficiency include

slow maturity Older leaves are a

purplish color

Decrease in growth
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=msucares.com/crops/corn/images/pdeficiency3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://msucares.com/crops/corn/corn_stunted.html&h=262&w=200&prev=/images?q=phosphorus+and+plants&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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Potassium

Used to form

carbohydrates and

proteins Formation and transfer

of starches, sugars,

and oils

Increases disease

resistance, vigor, and

hardiness
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/supplements/potassium%20containing%20bananas.jpg


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Potassium

Deficiency symptoms

include mottled,

spotted, streaked orcurled leaves

Scorched, burned,

dead leaf tips and

margins
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.tulsamastergardeners.org/soils/potassium.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tulsamastergardeners.org/soils/soiltest.shtml&h=168&w=252&prev=/images?q=potassium+deficiency&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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Calcium

Symptoms of

deficiency include

small developingleaves, wrinkled older

leaves

Dead stem tips
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/ian.oldham/blossom_end_rot_on_tomato_calcium_deficiency_7273.jpg


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Magnesium

Influences the intake

of other essential

nutrients Helps make fats

Assists in

translocation of

phosphorus and fats
http://www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/broom/clinic/clinicimages/magnesium.jpg


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Magnesium

Deficiency symptoms

include interveinal

chlorosis-yellowing ofleaves between green

veins

Leaf tips curl or cup

upward

Slender, weak stems
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=130.111.117.57/images/diseases/tmtomg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://130.111.117.57/diseases.htm&h=285&w=438&prev=/images?q=magnesium+deficiency&start=20&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N


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Sulfur

Promotes root growth

and vigorous

vegetative growth Essential to protein

formation
http://www.dsuper.net/~marcouet/images/sulfur.jpg


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Sulfur

Deficiency symptoms

include young leaves

are light green withlighter colored veins

Yellow leaves and

stunted growth
http://www.back-to-basics.net/images/nds/Sulfur/Lett01S.jpg


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Iron

Essential for

chlorophyll production

Helps carry electronsto mix oxygen with

other elements
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.senate.state.mi.us/District%20Maps/D38-%20iron%20co.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.senate.state.mi.us/SenatorInfo/senators-by-county-no-district-links.htm&h=542&w=473&prev=/images?q=iron&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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Iron

Deficiency symptoms

include mottled and

interveinal chlorosis inyoung leaves

Stunted growth and

slender, short stems
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/cucurbit/leaf/37.3.jpeg


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Copper

Helps in the use of

iron

Helps respiration
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.bisbeemuseum.org/pics/Copper.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bisbeemuseum.org/mineral_hall2.htm&h=208&w=300&prev=/images?q=copper&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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Copper

Deficiency symptoms

include young leaves

are small andpermanently wilted

Multiple bud at stem

tips
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/syllabi/422/pics/nutr/cu_def3.jpg


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Zinc

Helps plant

metabolism function

Helps form growthhormones

Aids in reproduction
http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/guides/clubguide/images/rhyl/zinc.jpg


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Zinc

Deficiency includes

retarded growth

between nodes(rosetted)

New leaves are thick

and small

Spotted between

veins, discolored veins
http://www.tulsamastergardeners.org/soils/zinc.jpg


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Boron

Affects water

absorption by roots

Translocation ofsugars
http://milo.usu.edu/cpl/images/plant%20nutrition/boron%20sf.JPG


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Boron

Deficiency symptoms

include short, thick

stem tips Young leaves of

terminal buds are light

green at base

Leaves become

twisted and die
http://www.back-to-basics.net/images/nds/Boron/Almo01B.jpg


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Manganese

Aids in plant

metabolism

Helps in nitrogentransformation
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=milo.usu.edu/cpl/images/plant%20nutrition/manganese%20sb3.JPG&imgrefurl=http://milo.usu.edu/cpl/toxicities.html&h=450&w=600&prev=/images?q=manganese&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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Manganese

Deficiency symptoms

include interveinal

chlorosis Young leaves die
http://www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/broom/clinic/clinicimages/mn_deficiency.jpg


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Molybdenum

Aids in plant

development

Reproduction
http://www.lm.liverpool.k12.ny.us/HyperChart/periodicchart/p.c.gifs/molybdenum.GIF


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Molybdenum

Deficiency symptoms

include stunted growth

Yellow leaves, upwardcurling leaves

Leaf margin burn
http://floriculture.osu.edu/archive/aug97/images/potmol22.jpg


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Chlorine

Usually there are more

problems with too

much chlorine ortoxicity than with

deficiency
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/syllabi/601/ca7.jpg


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Macro and Micro Nutrients

Remember:

C Ca Fe HOPKiNS Managed By My Cuzin

MoCo ClZn

(24.01) plant essential elements

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