2.4 flood resilience at individual property level (r.craig)
TRANSCRIPT
Flood Resilience
at Individual
Property Level
Presented by: Robbie Craig
Date: 25 March 2015
Resilience: Policy Context
• Floods Strategy: Pitt Review (post 2007 floods) – Made important recommendations about improving resilience at a local level
• 2010 Flood and Water Management Act : – as of 2014 fully implemented most Pitt Review recommendations,
– assigned responsibilities created lead local authority role in County Councils
• 2011 Localism Act : – gave local councils and communities in England greater control over local decisions like housing
and planning
• Water Act 2014: – managing a 20-25 year transition to risk reflective pricing of flood insurance for domestic
properties.
• 2007-2011 Defra and Environment Agency Property Level Grant Schemes. – Found that some projects amplified the potential impact of their PLP equipment on reducing their
risk of damages through additional community actions or investment.
• 2012 -2015 Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme: – pilot project to enable communities to find simple, effective ways to minimize their flood risk,
improve their levels of preparedness
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What is Resilience?
• “Disaster Resilience is the ability of countries, communities and households to manage change, by maintaining or transforming living standards in the face of shocks or stresses - such as earthquakes, drought or violent conflict - without compromising their long-term prospects”.
• Defining Disaster Resilience: DfID, 2011
• …resilience is not so much a response to flood hazard but is an characteristic of the way in which the flood response and the subsequent recovery process are managed.
• After the Rain – learning the lessons from flood recovery in Hull - Whittle et al. 2010
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How Do We Build Resilience?
Social
(demographic variables,
vulnerability)
Economic (employment,
insurance, deprivation, property
tenure)
Institutional (flood action group, local
resilience forum)
Infrastructure (type of housing,
PLP)
Community Capital
(strength of local ‘glue’)
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Based on Cutter et al. (2010), ‘Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking
Baseline Conditions’, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management,
7(1): 1-22.
Domains of resilience
The evaluation has established a framework for measuring resilience. Resilience is the product of building capacity across five domains.
Property-Level Resilience (PLP)
Managing Flood Water
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Adaptation - Fabric of Building
Example flood risk management strategy
Neighbourhood A
Neighbourhood B
Property Level Resilience in Action
2013 Flooding East Peckham Kent
• Flood gates and flood boards slowed the water entry sufficiently to allow furniture to be raised on bricks
• Floors and exterior walls sealed - water did ooze through the floor but was swept into a sump containing a submersible pump. Located in the living room.
• A gully inside the house took water from a drain near the front door straight to the sump.
• Despite 18 inches of floodwater outside, the Property Level Protection measures kept most of the water away, with only an inch inside.
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Property-Level
Resilience Flood Risk
Management
Cost of property-level resilience
is between £5000 and £9000
per property.
The Repair and Renew grant
temporary grant launched in
2013/14 has (so far) accepted
claims of £12.8m for 4552
properties
50 new schemes at planning
stage for FRM Partnership
Funding between 2016 and
2021
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Its Not Just About Stuff: Barriers to
Creating Resilient People & Communities 1. Evidence for the benefits of taking action on
resilience is weak.
2. We need to develop a better understanding about what motivates communities’ and individuals’ to engage in flood risk management
3. Confidence: many individuals lack previous experience about what to do when they receive a warning or are flooded.
4. Whether information to help the public manage flood risk is fully understood by its intended audience
5. The incentives provided by the current and potential future insurance market mechanisms for flood resilience
6. Effects of other incentives on household level flood management responses
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Equanimity
Shrewd
Gregarious
Listening
Irresolute Coasting
Non-acquisitive
Car casual Bodily ease Ozone friendly Interconnected
Inquisitive Artisan
Exhilaration
Sexual awareness
Self assured
Passivity
Solitary
Independent No sweat
Financial morality Solo New family
Equivalence Self secure Feeling good
Boldness
Global
Adaptable
Non-reflective
Distant
Acquiescence
Indulgent diet
Complacent Luddism
Constrained spender
Skeptical
Honesty
Distracted
Price conscious
Wrong clothes Prudent
Close family
Reserved
Socialist
Respected
Showhome
Looking good
Persona
Pleasure
Bargain hunter
Busy Asocial
Convenience
Sensitive Speculate
Local
Spiritual Budget bedlam Impulsive spender
Cheerful Healthy lifestyle
Modest unease
Discipline
Tolerant
WYSIWYG TV casual
Money casual Beauty
Unplanned
CULTURAL DYNAMICS
Success
Stuff (symbols of
success)
Experiences ( “)
Identity
Belonging
Safety
Ideas
Ethics
Exploration
Needs (values)
www.campaignstrategy.org
New behaviours move this way
www.cultdyn.co.uk
Its Not Just About Stuff: Community
Pathfinders • Aimed at helping communities to find
effective local approaches to resilience.
• Started in 2013, 13 projects investing £5.2m: Defra contributing £4m.
• Variety of audiences targeted and different scales of intervention.
• Rigorous evaluations at both project and scheme level.
• Outcomes to help develop policy about what works at the community scale.
• Scheme report autumn 2015, final conference London November 2015
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Case Study
The Cornwall Community
Flood Forum (CCFF).
• Small rain events can trigger flash flooding in steep valleys.
• The effectiveness of drainage systems are reduced by leaf litter blocking drains and gulleys
• “Community Payback” volunteers worked to remove leaves & clear blockages in 3 communities.
• Impact: – Practical outcome in Lostwithiel– no floods
– Motivational outcome for 105 offenders - residents recognized hard work and personally thanked them for their efforts.
• More information http://climatevision.co.uk/projects-2
Maintaining Activity:
Cornwall Leaf Litter Project
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Businesses - Resilience
Flooding Business Issues People mention in studies after flood events that seeing businesses re-starting trading activity is a sign of things getting back to normal.
Many SME “muddle through” after flooding, many uninsured or unwilling to claim, a few take a practical approach to future flooding incidents
However - there are also examples of businesses recovering quickly suffering economically because nearby businesses did not recover so quickly and the public assumed they would not be trading.
Business Opportunities– Developing a
Market UK Flood Products Industry
• Wrong sort of Flooding, installation errors, householder capability
• Range of small and medium sized companies produce a range of innovative products;
• Products installed in around 10,000 properties
• Still “Development Push” rather than ‘Market Pull” in sector
• Weak Industrial sector – ‘feast or famine’ reliant on orders from Government, local authorities or Utilities.
Government Role: Building Trust
• BSI Kitemark (PAS1188) verifies a product has been independently tested and is fit for purpose.
• Property Protection Advisor online tool gives tailored advice about costs and benefits of installing Property level FRM measures;
• Flood Risk Report; verifies the change in likelihood of damages following resilience work.
• Independent PLP Advisors – Defra is researching competencies and requirements for this role: assist Householders and Insurance verify quality of installation.
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Flood Resilience
Local Flood Risk
Management & Resilience
Robbie Craig
Water and Flood Risk Management, Defra
Area 3C, Nobel house, 17 Smith Square,
London, SW1P 3JR; 020 72 38 15 47
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Improving The Evidence Base
• http://randd.defra.gov.uk/
• FD2607: Developing the Evidence Base for
Flood Resistance and Resilience.
• FD2657: Establishing the Cost Effectiveness
of Property Flood Protection.
• FD2688:Post-Installation Effectiveness of
Property Level Flood Protection.
• FD2664: The evaluation of the Flood
Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme.
• FD2681: Flood Resilience Surveyor Project
to map competencies of independent PLP
advisers
• FD2682 Flood Resilient Repair - low cost
adaptation of homes and supplier behaviour
change
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Floodwater can enter a home by many routes
Doors
Airbricks
Drainage
pipes Underneath the
property
Through
brickwork
Policy Issues
• In England, more than 5 million properties are at risk of flooding, nearly 1 in 6.
• More than 200 homes at risk of complete loss to coastal erosion in the next
20 years. 2,000 more could become at risk over this period.
• The latest climate projections indicate that sea levels will rise, and there will
be increasingly severe and frequent rainstorms. Risk of floods will increase.
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Flood event
Properties flooded
Cost (ABI )
2007 55,000 £3bn
2009 1,800 £174 m
2012 8,800 £1.19bn
2013/4 12,000 £1.1bn
England Winter Floods 2013/14
• The Government led a major recovery effort to help people get back on their feet.
• £560 million Government Money committed to recovery support funding.
• £480m Insurance losses
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Repair and Renew Grant
• Launched in the wake of flooding in 2013/14.
• To help home onwers make properties resilient as they repaired them
• Contribution of up to £5000 per property
• So far….5000 claims – around £12.8m authorized
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