24 August 1973

Volume 181, No. 4101

LETTERs Hazards of Chemical Carcinogens and Mutagens: A. H. Sparrow; Inspiration:C. J. George and D. Smiley; Methadone Treatment and Drug Experimentation:J. W. Fudge and W. E. Penk ...........................................

EDITORIAL A Notable Anniversary: H. Clepper .........................................

ARTICLES Tubular Packing of Spheres in Biological Fine Structure: R. 0. Erickson............

The Dynamics of a Heroin Addiction Epidemic: R. L. Dupont and M. H. Greene ..

Evaluating Federal Water Projects: A Critique of Proposed Standards:C. J. Cicchetti et al. .................................................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Radiation Spill at Hanford: The Anatomy of an Accident ....................

Military R & D and the Congress: A "Cakewalk" for the Pentagon ..............

Auto Pollution: Research Group Charged with Conflict of Interest ..............

America Burning: Congress Eyes a National Fire Program ...................

Insect Control (I): Use of Pheromones ..............................

Early Hominid Posture and Locomotion, reviewed by H. M. McHenry; The Biologyof Trematodes, W. C. Campbell; Organization of Memory, J. R. Hayes;Male Dominance and Female Autonomy, R. C. Hunt; New Journals;Books Received ............................................

REPORTS Detection of Charged Particles by Polymer Grafting: M. M. Monnin andG. E. Blanford, Jr. ...................................................

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Late Glacial and Postglacial Productivity Changes in a New England Pond:D. R. Whitehead et al .. 744

Unusual Retinal Cells in the Dolphin Eye: W. W. Dawson and J. M. Perez ... .... 747

Mitochondrion of Yeast: Ultrastructural Evidence for One Giant, BranchedOrganelle per Cell: H.-P. Hofiman and C. J. Avers .................... 749

Differences in Collagen Metabolism between Normal and Osteoarthritic HumanArticular Cartilage: M. Nimni and K. Deshmukh ..................... 751

Sanfilippo Disease Type B: Enzyme Replacement and Metabolic Correction inCultured Fibroblasts: J. S. O'Brien et al ............................. 753

Osmolar Control of Prolactin Secretion in Man: M. T. Buckman and G. T. Peake . . 755

Distal Conformation of the Thyroid Hormone 3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-Thyronine:V. Cody and W. L. Duax ..................................... 757

12,13-Epoxy-A9-Trichothecenes as the Probable Mycotoxins Responsible forStachybotryotoxicosis: R. M. Eppley and W. J. Bailey .................. 758

Prostaglandin Involvement in Hypothalamic Control of Gonadotropin andProlactin Release: P. G. Harms, S. R. Ojeda, S. M. McCann ... .......... 760

MHPG Excretion in Depressive Disorders: Relation to Clinical Subtypes andDesynchronized Sleep: J. J. Schildkraut et al .. 762

Equipotentiality Quantified: The Anatomical Distribution of the Engram:F. Bartlett and E. R. John ..................................... 764

Operant-Controlled Evoked Responses: Discrimination of Conditioned and NormallyOccurring Components: J. P. Rosenfeld and B. E. Hetzler ... ............ 767

Sexual Behavior: Normal Male Patterning in Androgenized Female Rats:B. D. Sachs et al ........................................... 770

Technical Comments: Precision Selenodesy via Differential Interferometry:C. C. Counselman III et al.; Short-Range Order and Crystallinity?:D. L. Evans et al.; Waste Paper Used for the Cleanup of Oil Spills:J. F. Oesterling and L. A. Spano ................................ 772

PRODUCTS AND Whole-Body Cryomicrotome; Portable Field Thermometer; Aquatic ActivityMATERIALS Monitor; Animal Activity Monitor; Programmable Calculators; Automatic Gamma

Counter; Electron Beam Evaporator; Single Grating Monochromator; CalciumAnalyzer; Carbon Dioxide Incubator: L-iterature ..... ................. 777

(Cover) Dolphins. [Jesse, Cologne, West Ger-many] (Below) Section of a dolphin retina.Unique among aquatic species are giant gan-glion cells (lower left) and transplexaform cells(middle far-right). The receptor layer is atthe top. This section was prepared by the

,WARD E. DAVID, JR. CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVAN Golgi method for the interference contrast%RD H. GOODENOUGH PHYLLIS V. PARKINS Treasurer Executive Officer microscope (x 40). See page 747 [William W.

'OLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H) Dawson, University of Florida, Gainesville],Imut Landsberg Dorothy Bliss Richard N. Adamsimon E. Bisque Richard J. Goss Anthony LeedsIGINEERING (M) MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULTURE (0)ynor L. Duncombe Robert A. Good Roy L. LovvornTowner French F. Douglas Lawrason Michael A. Farrell

FORMATION AND STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERICCOMMUNICATION (T) Frederick Mosteller SCIENCES (W) 7i, . '

mdan Bcaruch Ezra Glaser Max A. Kohler aott Adams ~~~~~~~~~~~~LouisJ. Battan

te American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in174. Its objects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, topoethe eftectivenass of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under.inPdivn"g and appreciation of the Importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress. - ~~

24 August 1973, Volume 181, Number 4101

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR A TTIE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

0Science serves its readers as a forum for the

presentation and discussion of important issues therelated to the advancement of science, including toric

the presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, rather than by publishing only material of tion which a consensus has been reached. Accord- Aingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, news and comment, and book reviews Frar-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted by title(the AAAS or the institutions with which the authors doctare affiliated.

Editorial Board

1973H. S. GUroWSKYARTHUR D. HASLERRUIDOL KOMPFNERDANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.

ALFRED BROWNJAMEs F. CROWSEYMOUR S. KETYFRANK PRESS

GARDNER LINDZEYRAYMOND H. THoMpsONEDWARD 0. WILSON

1974FRANK W. PUTNAMMAXINE SINGERGORDON WOLMAN

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Research News: ALLEN L. HAMMOND, WILLIAMD. METZ, THOMAS H. MAUGH II, JEAN L. MARX

Book Reviews: SYLVIA EBERHART, KATHERINE LIv-INGSTON, ANN SELTZ-PETRASH

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EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massa-chusetts Ave., NW, Washington. D.C. 20005. Phones:(Area code 202) Central Office: 467-4350; Book Re-views: 467-4367; Business Office: 467-4411; Circula-tion: 467-4417; Guide to Scientific Instruments: 467-4480; News and Comment: 467-4430; Reprints andPermissions: 467-4483; Research News: 467-4321;Reviewing: 467-4440. Cable: Advancesci, Washington.Copies of "Instructions for Contributors" can beobtained from the editorial office. See also page xv,Science, 29 June 1973. ADVERTISING COR-RESPONDENCE: Room 1740, 11 W. 42 St., NewYork, N.Y. 10036. Phone: 212-PE-6-1858.

SCIE:NC:E

Notable Anniversary)ne hundred years ago this week-on 22 August 1873, to be exact-American Association for the Advancement of Science took an his-action that led to the establishment of forestry policy as a function

he federal government.Lt the 22nd AAAS annual nmeeting, held that year in Portland, Maine,iklin Benjamin Hough of Lowville, New York, delivered an addressd "On the duty of governments in the preservation of forests."* Ator of medicine, Hough was also an historian, a naturalist, and astician. While director of the United States census of 1870, he was

ressed and concerned by widespread forest devastation caused by,ing and fires throughout the East, the Great Lake states, and thenLing in the South.Lfter the Civil War, a few observant citizens, alarmed at the rapidruction of the virgin timber and fearing an eventual wood shortage,ned state legislatures and Congress of the need for forest protection,without effect. Most government officials ignored the threat of timbercity and discounted the possible depletion of this valuable naturalurce, which, indeed, many people believed to be inexhaustible. Thus,n Hough submitted the problem of forest preservation to the AAASting, he was appealing to the scientists as the only organized citizens'p having sufficient influence to inspire public attention. Hough de-d that the scientific community would have to initiate action forst conservation, if it was to be done at all. In his paper, he em-iized the relationship of woodland to soil stabilization, to maintenance,treamflow, and, of course, to wood production for domestic andistrial use. He urged the AAAS to alert federal and state govern-Is to the need for forest protection.I his suggestion, the AAAS appointed a committee "to memorializegress and the several State Legislatures upon the importance of pro-ing the cultivation of timber and the preservation of forests, and tommend proper legislation for securing these objects."t Nine scien-served on this committee; Hough was chairman. The others wereiam Henry Brewer of Yale; George B. Emerson of Boston, educatorauthor of a book on trees; Asa Gray, the nation's leading botanist;ene W. Hilgard, soil scientist, of the University of Michigan; Lewisry Morgan, anthropologist, of New York, later to become presidentie AAAS; John Strong Newberry, botanist and geologist, and Charlesttlesly, a horticulturist, both of Ohio; and Josiah Dwight Whitney,ologist of California.he committee's memorial was delivered to President U. S. Grant,, on 19 February 1874, transmitted it to Congress with a special,age of approval. There the proposition languished for 2 years. Final-rn 15 August 1876, Congress enacted legislation appropriating $2000the appointment to the Department of Agriculture of a man to in-gate forest conditions. Hough was selected on 30 August and thus,me the federal government's first forestry agent. From his appoint-tevolved the present Forest Service, with its nationwide network ofit and range experiment stations and forestry and wood scienceratories, its thousands of professional and scientific personnel, and87 million acres of national forests managed in the public interest.n this centennial anniversary, it is appropriate to recall the extra-iary influence of Hough's paper, presented as a private citizen beforeiall assemblage of scientists. Historically, it is appropriate also toiowledge the energizing role of the AAAS in starting forestry worknational scale in the United States government.-HENRY CLEPPER,rican Forestry Association, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington,20036.

* Proceedings of the AAAS Twenty-Second Meeting, held at Portland, Maine, August 1873(AAAS, Salem, Mass., 1874), part II, section B, "Natural History," p. 1. t Ibid., p. 429.