235032 computer networks - university of phayaoict.up.ac.th/skchatri/subject14/chapter1 network...

© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID.scr

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© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v4.1Chapter 1 1

235032 Computer Networks

School of ICT, University of Phayao

Dr.Sukchatri PRASOMSUK

ITE PC v4.1Chapter 1 2© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

ดร.สขุชาตร ีประสมสขุ (Dr.Sukchatri PRASOMSUK)

D.(Computational Linguistics), INALCO, Paris, FR

M.Eng.(IT), & Grad.Dip. In Applied IS, RMIT, Melbourne, AU

B.Sc.(คณติศาสตร)์, ม.รามคําแหง

เคยทํางานที ่: DATA SOLVE Co.,Ltd. Central Trading Co.,Ltd

กรมวทิยาศาสตรบ์รกิาร กระทรวงวทิยฯ์ม.หอการคา้ และ ม.แมฟ้่าหลวง

Contact : [email protected]

Notes/Slides Download:http://www.ict.up.ac.th/skchatri/

About Lecturer


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Assesment : Class (Lec.& LAB) 10 %Lab 20 % Cisco Exam 20 %Mid-Term Exam 25%Final-Term Exam 25%

Grading :A 80 – 100B+ 75-79B 70-74C+ 65-69C 60-64D+ 55-54D 50-54F 0-49


CCNA Certification All-in-One for Dummies, by Silviu Angelescu, Wiley Publishing Inc., 2010

Networking for Dummies, 10th edition, by Doug Lowe, Wiley Publishing Inc., 2013

Network Fundamentals, CCNA Exploration Guide, Mark A. Dye, Rick McDonald, Antoon W. Rufi, Cisco Press, 2008

Data Communications and Networikng, 6th edition, William Stalling, 2002

Network+, Computing Technology Industry Association, Syngress, Osborne, McGrawHill, 1999

Cabling : The Complete Guide to Network Wiring, 2nd Edition, David Groth, Sybex, 2001

Text Books


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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 5

Exploring the Network & Hierarchical Network Design

Chapter 1

Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Objectives

After completing this chapter, students will be able to:

Explain how multiple networks are used in everyday life.

Explain the topologies and devices used in a small- to medium-sized business network.

Explain the basic characteristics of a network that supports communication in a small- to medium-sized business.

Explain trends in networking that will affect the use of networks in small to medium-sized businesses.


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Chapter 1

1.1 Globally Connected1.2 LANs, WANs, and the Internet 1.3 The Network as a Platform1.4 The Changing Network Environment1.5 Hierarchical Network Design Overview


Globally Connected


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Networking TodayNetworks in Our Past and Daily Lives


Networking TodayThe Global Community


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Interconnecting Our LivesNetworking Impacts in Our Daily Lives

Networks support the way we learn.

Networks support the way we communicate.

Networks support the way we work.

Networks support the way we play.


Providing Resources in a NetworkNetworks of Many Sizes


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Providing Resources in a NetworkClients and Servers


Providing Resources in a NetworkPeer-to-Peer


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LANs, WANs, and the Internet


LANs, WANs, and InternetsComponents of a Network

There are three categories of network components:

Devices

Media

Services


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Components of a NetworkEnd Devices

Some examples of end devices are:

Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers)

Network printers

VoIP phones

TelePresence endpoint

Security cameras

Mobile handheld devices (such as smart phones, tablets, PDAs, and wireless debit / credit card readers and barcode scanners)


Components of a NetworkNetwork Infrastructure Devices

Examples of intermediary network devices are:

Network Access Devices (switches, and wireless access points)

Internetworking Devices (routers)

Security Devices (firewalls)


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Components of a NetworkNetwork Media


Components of a NetworkNetwork Representations


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Components of a NetworkTopology Diagrams


LANs and WANsTypes of Networks

The two most common types of network infrastructures are:

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN).

Other types of networks include:

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Storage Area Network (SAN)


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LANs and WANsLocal Area Networks (LAN)


LANs and WANsWide Area Networks (WAN)


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LANs, WANs, and the InternetThe Internet


LANs, WANs, and the Internet

Intranet and Extranet


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Connecting to the InternetConnecting Remote Users to the Internet


Connecting to the InternetConnecting Businesses to the Internet


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The Network as a Platform


Converged NetworksThe Converging Network


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Converged NetworksPlanning for the Future


Reliable NetworkSupporting Network Architecture

As networks evolve, we are discovering that there are four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in order to meet user expectations:

Fault Tolerance

Scalability

Quality of Service (QoS)

Security


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Reliable NetworkFault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network


Reliable NetworkPacket-Switched Networks


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Reliable NetworkScalable Networks


Reliable NetworkProviding QoS

Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include:

Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services like telephony or video distribution.

Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web page retrieval or email.

High importance to organization - increase priority for production control or business transaction data.

Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live entertainment.


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Reliable NetworkProviding Network Security


The Changing Network Environment


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Network TrendsNew trends

Some of the top trends include:

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Online collaboration

Video

Cloud computing


Network TrendsBring Your Own Device (BYOD)

The concept of any device, to any content, in anyway is a major global trend that requires significant changes to the way devices are used.

This trend is known as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD).


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Network TrendsOnline Collaboration


Network TrendsVideo Communication


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Network TrendsCloud Computing

Cloud computing offers the following potential benefits:

Organizational flexibility

Agility and rapid deployment

Reduced cost of infrastructure

Refocus of IT resources

Creation of new business models


Network TrendsData Centers

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components including:

Redundant data communications connections

High-speed virtual servers (sometimes referred to as server farms or server clusters)

Redundant storage systems (typically uses SAN technology)

Redundant or backup power supplies

Environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression)

Security devices


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Networking Technologies for the HomeTechnology Trends in the Home


Networking Technologies for the HomePowerline Networking


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Networking Technologies for the HomeWireless Broadband


Future of NetworkingNetwork Security


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Network SecuritySecurity Threats

The most common external threats to networks include:

Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses

Spyware and adware

Zero-day attacks, also called zero-hour attacks

Hacker attacks

Denial of service (DoS) attacks

Data interception and theft

Identity theft


Network SecuritySecurity Solutions

Network security components often include:

Antivirus and antispyware

Firewall filtering

Dedicated firewall systems

Access control lists (ACL)

Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)


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Network Media


Copper CablingCharacteristics of Copper Media


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Copper CablingCopper Media

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

Coaxial Cable


Copper CablingUTP Cable


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Copper CablingSTP Cable

Foil Shields

Braided or Foil Shield


Copper CablingCoaxial Cable


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Copper CablingCooper Media Safety


UTP CablingProperties of UTP CablingUTP cable does not use shielding to counter the effects of EMI and RFI. Instead, cable designers have discovered that they can limit the negative effect of crosstalk by:

Cancellation

Varying the number of twists per wire pair


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UTP CablingUTP Cabling Standards


UTP CablingUTP Connectors


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UTP CablingTypes of UTP Cable


UTP CablingTesting UTP Cables

After installation, a UTP cable tester should be used to test for the following parameters:

Wire map

Cable length

Signal loss due to attenuation

Crosstalk


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Fiber Optic CablingProperties of Fiber Optic CablingFiber-optic cabling is now being used in four types of industry:

Enterprise Networks

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and Access Networks

Long-Haul Networks

Submarine Networks


Fiber Optic CablingFiber Media Cable Design


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Fiber Optic CablingTypes of Fiber Media


Fiber Optic CablingNetwork Fiber Connectors


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Fiber Optic CablingTesting Fiber Cables


Fiber Optic CablingFiber versus Copper

Implementation Issues Copper Media Fibre Optic

Bandwidth Supported 10 Mbps – 10 Gbps 10 Mbps – 100 Gbps

Distance Relatively short(1 – 100 meters)

Relatively High(1 – 100,000 meters)

Immunity To EMI And RFI Low High(Completely immune)

Immunity To Electrical Hazards Low High(Completely immune)

Media And Connector Costs Lowest Highest

Installation Skills Required Lowest Highest

Safety Precautions Lowest Highest


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Wireless MediaProperties of Wireless MediaWireless does have some areas of concern including:

Coverage area

Interference

Security


• IEEE 802.11 standards• Commonly referred to as Wi-Fi.• Uses CSMA/CA• Variations include:

• 802.11a: 54 Mbps, 5 GHz• 802.11b: 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz• 802.11g: 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz• 802.11n: 600 Mbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz• 802.11ac: 1 Gbps, 5 GHz• 802.11ad: 7 Gbps, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz

• IEEE 802.15 standard• Supports speeds up to 3 Mb/s• Provides device pairing over distances from 1 to 100

meters.

• IEEE 802.16 standard• Provides speeds up to 1 Gbps• Uses a point-to-multipoint topology to provide

wireless broadband access.

Wireless MediaTypes of Wireless Media


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Wireless MediaWireless LAN

Cisco Linksys EA6500 802.11ac Wireless Router


Wireless Media802.11 Wi-Fi Standards

Standard Maximum Speed Frequency Backwards

Compatible

802.11a 54 Mbps 5 GHz No

802.11b 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz No

802.11g 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz 802.11b

802.11n 600 Mbps 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz 802.11b/g

802.11ac 1.3 Gbps(1300 Mbps)

2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz 802.11b/g/n

802.11ad 7 Gbps(7000 Mbps)

2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz 802.11b/g/n/ac


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Exploring the NetworkingSummary

In this chapter, you learned:

Networks and the Internet have changed the way we communicate, learn, work, and even play.

Networks come in all sizes. They can range from simple networks consisting of two computers, to networks connecting millions of devices.

The Internet is the largest network in existence. In fact, the term Internet means a ‘network of networks. The Internet provides the services that enable us to connect and communicate with our families, friends, work, and interests.

The network infrastructure is the platform that supports the network. It provides the stable and reliable channel over which communication can occur. It is made up of network components including end devices, intermediate devices, and network media.


Exploring the NetworkingSummary (cont.)

In this chapter, you learned:

Networks must be reliable.

Network security is an integral part of computer networking, regardless of whether the network is limited to a home environment with a single connection to the Internet, or as large as a corporation with thousands of users.

The network infrastructure can vary greatly in terms of size, number of users, and number and types of services that are supported on it. The network infrastructure must grow and adjust to support the way the network is used. The routing and switching platform is the foundation of any network infrastructure.

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