23.2 The Growth of the Oil Industry

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsThe Spindletop strike

lured thousands to Beaumont.

It seemed that everyone owned a oil company.

Some of these companies were owned by wildcatters –independent oil operators who searched for new fields.

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsThese entrepreneurs

saved and borrowed money to invest in the oil business.

Wildcatters competed with each other to find salt domes in the Gulf Coast Plains.

Oil was found at Sour Lake, 20 miles outside of Beaumont.

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsOverdrilling led to a

drop in underground pressure, making further oil drilling difficult.

By the end of 1903, more than half of the wells at Sour Lake were abandoned

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsOil production extend

beyond the Gulf Coast to North Texas.

In 1903 North Texas rancher W.T. Waggoner struck oil.

His Electra oil field made Waggoner a wealthy man.

Other North Texas Oil Fields were at Burkburnett and Wichita Falls

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsAfter success was

found in North Texas, oil companies began drilling in the Texas Panhandle. Oil was found in 1921.

Oil was also discovered in the Permian Basin region of West Texas also in 1921.

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsSouth and Central

Texas were also the sites of oil production, although these regions never produced the amount of oil that made the other parts of the state famous.

Wildcatters and New Oil FieldsAn oil strike in East

Texas gave the oil industry its biggest surprise.

Geologists had claimed that there was little oil in East Texas north of the Gulf Coast.

But a wildcatter’s 1930 strike proved them wrong- the East Texas oil field turned out to be one of the largest in the world.

Oil Business is Big Business

Texas oil fields also produced natural gas.

There was no way to market it safely in the early days.

As a result, gas coming out of the oil wells was allowed to burn.

In the 1890’s, scientists invented a leak proof pipe that could safely move natural gas about 100 miles.

Pipeline technology opened the market for Texas natural gas.

Oil Business is Big BusinessAs more oil and gas fields were

discovered, the Texas oil industry grew into a big business.

Some Texas oil companies began to use a business strategy called vertical integration – owning the businesses involved in each step of the manufacturing process

Oil companies might expand into drilling production and refining..

They also bought items needed for business such as barges and railroad tanker cars.

Oil Business is Big BusinessMost oil companies also

practiced horizontal integration- owning many businesses in a particular field.

The larger oil companies would own refineries, sharing supplies and resources to make their businesses run more efficient.