23 years - al dashti

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23 years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad is a a persian book by Iranian scholar and thinker Ali Dashti (1894-1982).The book was written in 1937 but was published anonymously, probably in 1974, in Beirut, since the Shah’s regime forbade the publication of criticism of religion between 1971 and 1977.This is an English translation of this book.

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Page 1: 23 years - al Dashti

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Z L G H O \ � U H D G � D U H �(K \ D � R O XP � H G � G L Q � � D Q � $ U D E L F � W U H D W L V H � R Q � I D L W K � D Q G �PR U D O V � � D Q G �. LP L \ D � \ H � V D D G D W � � D � V K R Q H Q H G � D Q G � V RPHZKD W � G L I I H U H Q W � 3 H U V L D Q � Y H U V L R Q � � 7 D0 I R W �R O � ) D O D V H I D � � R Q � W K H � L Q F R Q V L V W H Q F L H V � R I � S K L O R V R S K H U V � � L � H � �PH W D S K \ V L F L D Q V � � � D Q G �

R O �0 R Q T H G K �PHQ � R G � G D O D O � � D � V S L U L W X D O � D X W R E L R J U D S K \ � � W U � � E \ �: � �0 R Q W J RPH U \ �:D W W � �7 K H � I D L W K � D Q G � S U D F W L F H � R I � D O � * K D ] D O L � � / R Q G R Q � � � � � � � � $ O W K R X J K � *K D ] ] D O L � Z D V � D �

6 R Q Q L W H � � K L V � Z R U N V � D U H � U H D G � D Q G � U H V S H F W H G � E \ �PDQ \ � 6 K L L W H V � �� � � 6 H H � Q R W H � � � � �� � � 6 H H � Q R W H � � � �

� � � 7 K H � 3 U R S K H W V � D F W L R Q � S U R E D E O \ � V H W � W K H � S U H F H G H Q W � I R U � W K H � F R Q I H UPHQ W � R I � W K H � U R E H � R I �K R Q R X U � � N K H O D � � E \ �0 R V O HP � U X O H U V � R I � W K H � $ E E D V L G � D Q G � O D W H U � G \ Q D V W L H V � � W K R X J K � W K L V �S U D F W L F H � K D G � H [ L V W H G � L Q � W K H � 1 H D U � ( D V W � V L Q F H � O R Q J � E H I R U H � , V O DP � � $ Q R W K H U � I DP RX V �

S R HP � L V � D O V R � F D O O H G � W K H � 2 G H � R I � W K H � & O R D N � � 7 K L V � L V � D � U H O L J L R X V � S H RP � E \ � D Q � ( J \ S W L D Q � �6 K D U D I � R G �' L Q � R O � % X V L U L � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Z K R �Z U R W H � L W � D I W H U � E H L Q J � F X U H G � R I �

S D U D O \ V L V � E \ � D � G U H DP � L Q � Z K L F K � W K H � 3 U R S K H W � W K U HZ � K L V � F O R D N � R Y H U � K LP � �� � � $ O L � ' D V K W L � H [ S O D L Q V � W K L V � V H Q W H Q F H � D V � � ' R � Q R W � V K RZ � \ R X U V H O Y H V � W R � E H � Z D L W L Q J � I R U � W K H �F R R N L Q J � R I � W K H �PH D O � � � K D Y L Q J � S U R E D E O \ � U H D G � H Q D � � S R W � � � $ � � - � � $ U E H U U \ V � U H Q GH U L Q J � L V �

� Z L W K R X W � Z D W F K L Q J � I R U � L W V � K R X U � � � D Q D � � O H Q J W K � R I � W LP H � � �� � � 7 K H � $ U D E L F � Z R U G �K H M D E �PHDQ V � E D V L F D O O \ � � F R Y H U L Q J � � D Q G � L Q � W K H � F R Q W H [ W � S U R E D E O \ �

� F X U W D L Q � � � L Q � O D W H U � W LP H V � L W � F DPH � W R �PH DQ � � Y H L O � � �� � � $ F F R U G L Q J � W R �0 R V O HP � W U D G L W L R Q V � � $ G � L V � W K H � Q DPH � R I � D Q � D Q F L H Q W � Q D W L R Q � � D Q G � ( U DP � L V �W K H � Q DPH � R I � L W V � W RZQ � � R U � L Q � D � O H V V � F RPPRQ � R S L Q L R Q � � R I � L W V � F K L H I � W U L E H � � 7 K H � S H R S O H � R I �

$ G � V S XPHG � W K H � 3 U R S K H W � + X G �ZK RP �*R G � V H Q W � W R � W K HP � � D Q G � Z H U H � S X Q L V K H G �Z L W K � D �I O R R G � D Q G � W K H Q � D � G U R X J K W � Z K L F K � G H V W U R \ H G � W K HP � �

� � � 7 K DPXG � L V � W K H � Q DPH � R I � D Q � D Q F L H Q W � Q D W L R Q � ZK R V H � H [ L V W H Q F H � L V � D W W H V W H G � L Q � 5 RPDQ �

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V R X U F H V � � 7 K H \ �Z H U H � D N L Q � W R � W K H � 1 D E D W D H D Q V � R I � 3 H W U D � D Q G � K D Y H � O H I W � D � I HZ � L Q V F U L S W L R Q V �L Q � D � V L P L O D U � 6 HP L W L F � O D Q J X D J H � D Q G � V F U L S W � � $ I W H U � W K H � 5 RPDQ � F R Q T X H V W � R I � 3 H W U D � � W K H L U �

W RZQ � R O � + H L U � � Q RZ �0D G D H Q � 6 D O H K � � L Q � W K H � Q R U W K � R I � W K H � + H M D ] � Z D V � D � F H Q W U H � R I �F RPPH U F H � I R U � V RPH � W L P H � � $PRQJ � W K H � 7 K DPXG L W H � U HPD L Q V � D W � 0 D G D H Q � 6 D O H K � D Q G �

� � �2 O D � D U H � U R F N � K HZQ �PR QXPHQ W V � V LP L O D U � W R � W K R V H � D W � 3 H W U D � E X W � VPD O O H U � � $ F F R U G L Q J �� � �0 R V O HP � W U D G L W L R Q V � � 7 K DPXG �Z D V � S X Q L V K H G �Z L W K � G H V W U X F W L R Q � E \ � D Q � H D U W K T X D N H � R U �

W K X Q G H U E R O W � I R U � G H I \ L Q J � W K H � 3 U R S K H W � 6 D O H K � �� � � 7 K H � Q R UPD O � PH D Q L Q J � R I � W K H � $ U D E L F �ZD W D G � � S , � � DZ O D G � � L V � � S H J � � � S D Q L F X O D U O \ �

� W H Q W � S H J � � � 1 R � V D W L V I D F W R U \ � H [ S O D Q D W L R Q � R I � � RZQ H U � R I � W K H � S H J V � � K D V � E H H Q � I R X Q G � E \ �H L W K H U � W U D G L W L R Q D O � F RPPH Q W D W R U V � R U �PRG HP � V F K R O D U V � �

� � � 6 H H � $ � � * X L O O D XPH V � W U D Q V O D W L R Q � R I � ( E Q � ( V � K D T V � / L I H � R I � 0 XK DPPDG � �2[ I R U G � � � � � � �S � � � � � � � � 3 U L V R Q H U V � � L V � $ O L � ' D V K W L V � D Q G � $ � � * X L O O D XP H V � U H Q GH U L Q J � R I � W K H � $ U D E L F �Z R U G � D Z D Q � �ZK L F K �PH DQ V � O L W H U D O O \ � � L Q W H UPHG L D W H � � D Q G � L Q � W K L V � F R Q W H [ W � S U R E D E O \ �� L Q W H UPHG L D W H � E H WZ H H Q � I U H H � D Q G � X Q I U H H � � � L Q � V X U D �� � � � � � � L W �P H D Q V � � L Q W H UPHG L D W H �

E H WZ H H Q � \ R X Q J � D Q G � R O G � � � $ Q R W K H U � V X J J H V W L R Q � L V � W K D W � W K H � Z R U G �PD \ � E H � W K H � S O X U D O � R I � D Q L \ D � �PHDQ L Q J � � D I I O L F W H G � Z L W K � G L V D E L O L W L H V � � �

� � �0 DKPXG � E � � 2PD U � R ] � = DPDNK V K D U L � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � R I � . KZD U H ]P � � K D V � O H I W �LP S R Q D Q W � Z R U N V � L Q F O X G L Q J � D Q � $ U D E L F � 4 X U ¶ D Q � F RPPHQ W D U \ � H Q W L W O H G � R O � . D V K V0 I � � D �W U H D W L V H � R Q � $ U D E L F � J U DPPD U � � D Q G � D Q � $ U D E L F � 3 H U V L D Q � O H [ L F R Q � � + H � D G K H U H G � W R � W K H �0 R W D ] H O L W H � V F K R R O � R I � , V O DP L F � W K R X J K W � � E H O L H Y L Q J � L Q � K XPDQ � I U H H � Z L O O � D Q G � W K H �

F U H D W H G QH V V � R I � W K H � 4 X U ¶ D Q � �� � � $ E G R O O D K � E � � 2PD U � R O � % D \ G DZ L � � R I � ) D U V � � Z U R W H � D Q � $ U D E L F � 4 X U ¶ D Q � F RPPHQ W D U \ � �

Z K L F K � L V � V W L O O �PX F K � X V H G � E \ � 6 R Q Q L W H �0 R V O HP V � � D Q G � R W K H U � $ U D E L F � D Q G � 3 H U V L D Q � Z R U N V � �+ L V � 4 X U ¶ D Q � F RPPHQ W D U \ � � H Q W L W O H G �$QZD U � R U � 7 D Q ] L � � � L V � E D V H G � R Q � = DPDNK V K D U L V �

.D V K V0 I E X W � DPS O L I L H G � D Q G � H [ S X U J D W H G � R I � 0 R W D ] H O L W H � L Q W H U S U H W D W L R Q V � ���� �

127(6 ��� � $ KPDG � E � � + D Q E D O � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � R I � % D J K G D G �Z D V � W K H � D X W K R U � R I � R O �0 R V Q D G � � D �

+ D G L W K � F RPS L O D W L R Q � F RP S O H W H G � E \ � K L V � V R Q � $ E G R O O D K � � D Q G � W K H � I R X Q G H U � R I � W K H �O L W H U D O L V W L F � D Q G � D Q W K U RPR U S K L F � V F K R R O � R I � 6 R Q Q L W H � , V O DP L F � W K H R O R J \ � D Q G � O D Z � N Q RZQ �

D V � W K H � + D Q E D O L W H � V F K R R O � � + H � V X I I H U H G � E H D W L Q J V � D Q G � O R Q J � LPS U L V R QPHQ W � I R U � K L V �U H M H F W L R Q � R I � W K H �0 R W D ] H O L W H � W K H R O R J \ � W K H Q � I D Y R X U H G � E \ � W K H � $ E E D V L G � F D O L S K D W H � �$ KPDG � E � � 7 D \P L \ D � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � R I � ' DPD V F X V � U H Y L Y H G � W K H � + D Q E D O L W H �

V F K R R O � D Q G � Z U R W H � E R R N V � Z K L F K � L Q � O D W H U � W LP H V � L Q I O X H Q F H G � W K H �:DKK D E L W H �PR Y HPHQ W �L Q � $ U D E L D � �

� � �0 RK DPPDG � E � � 6 D G � � F D � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � R I � % D V U D � F RPS L O H G � W K H �.HX L E � R W � �7 D E D T D W � �ZK L F K � J L Y H V � E L R J U D S K L H V � R I � 0 R K DPPDG � � K L V � F RP SDQ L R Q V � � D Q G � � � � � �

+ D G L W K � W U D Q VP L W W H U V � �� � � 7 K H � $ U D E L F � W H UP � I R U � W HPSR U D U \ �PD U U L D J H � L V �PR W D � �ZK L F K �PH DQ V � O L W H U D O O \ � � H Q M R \PHQ W � �

R U � � X V X I U X F W � � � L W � L V � I U RP � W K H � V DPH � U R R W � D V � W K H �Z R U G � � \ R X � H Q M R \ � � R U � � \ R X � K D Y H �

Page 232: 23 years - al Dashti

W K H � X V X I U X F W � R I � L Q � V X U D �� � � Y H U V H � � � � �� � � 7 K H �Z D L W L Q J � S H U L R G � � H G G D � � L V � W K H � S H U L R G � L Q � Z K L F K � D � Z L G R Z � R U � G L Y R U F H G � Z RPDQ � L V � Q R W �

D O O RZ H G � W R � U HPD U U \ � E H F D X V H � V K H �PD \ � E H � I R X Q G � W R � E H � S U H J Q D Q W � E \ � K H U � I R UPH U �K X V E D Q G � � , Q � , V O DP L F � O DZ � W K H �Z D L W L Q J � S H U L R G � L V � � �P R Q W K V � D Q G � � � � G D \ V � I R U � D � Z L G RZ � � � �

PRQ W K V � I R U � D � G L Y R U F H G � Z L I H � � � �PRQ W K V � I R U � D � Z L G RZH G � V O D Y H � F R Q F X E L Q H � � D Q G � � � � � �PRQ W K V � I R U � D � G L Y R U F H G � V O D Y H � F R Q F X E L Q H � �

� � �0 RK DPPDG � R W � � 7 H UPH GK L � � G � � � � � � � � � � � � R I 7 H UP HGK � � D � W RZQ � R Q � W K H � 2 [ X V � � F RP S L O H G �R O � - DPH � � R Q H � R I � W K H � V L [ � + D G L W K � F R O O H F W L R Q V � K H O G � L Q � K L J K � H V W H HP � E \ � 6 R Q Q L W H �

0 R V O HP V � ��� �6HH �S � ��� I � � � �

�� � = D \ Q D E �Z D V �PD U U L H G � W R � $ E X , � $ V � � D � V R Q � R I � . K D G L M D V � V L V W H U � � 5 R T D \ \ D � W R � 2 W E D � � D �V R Q � R I � $ E X � / D K D E � � 2PP � . R O W K XP � W R � 2 W D \ E D � � D Q R W K H U � V R Q � R I � $ E X � / D K D E � � D Q G �

) D W HPD � W R � $ O L � E � � $ E L � 7 D O H E � � $ I W H U � W K H � V W D Q � R I � W K H � S U H D F K L Q J � R I � , V O DP � � $ E X � / D K D E �I R U F H G � K L V � V R Q V � W R � G L Y R U F H �0 R K DPPDG V � G D X J K W H U V � � / D W H U � 5 R T D \ \ D �Z D V �PD U U L H G � W R �

2 W KPDQ � E � � 0 , D Q � � D Q G � D I W H U � K H U � G H D W K � 2PP �. R O W K XP �ZD V �PD U U L H G � W R � W K H � V DPH �2 W KPDQ � E � � 0 , D Q � �

� � � + � � 5 H F N H Q G R U I � J L Y H V � K H U � Q DPH � D V � 4 D \ O D � � ( U X � \ F O R S D H G L D � R I � , V O DP � ��Q G � H G � � � / H L G H Q �� � � � � � Y R O � � , � � S � � � � � � � D U W L F O H � D O � $ V K D W K � � �:� �0 � �: D W W � J L Y H V � L W � D V � 4 R W D \ O D �

�0XK DPPDG � D W � 0 D G L Q D � �2[ I R U G � � � � � � � S � � � � � � � � % R W K � V W D W H � W K D W � V K H �Z D V � E H W U R W K H G � W R �0 R K DPPDG � � Z K R � G L H G � E H I R U H � V K H � U H D F K H G �0 D G L Q D � �

� � � ( J \ S W � Z D V � L Q Y D G H G � E \ � W U R R S V � R I � W K H � , U D Q L D Q � N L Q J � . K R V U DZ � , , � 3 D U Y L ] � L Q � � � � � D Q G �U HPD L Q H G � X Q G H U � , U D Q L D Q � R F F X S D W L R Q � X Q W L O � � � � � � 0 D U L \ D � S U R E D E O \ � D U U L Y H G � D W � 0 D G L Q D �

E H I R U H � � � � � �� � � $ � V R Q � R I � W K H � 3 U R S K H W V � X Q F O H � � R O � � $ E E D V � D Q G � D Q � D Q F H V W R U � R I � W K H � $ E E D V L G � F D O L S K D O �

G \ Q D V W \ � � * H Q H U D O O \ � N Q RZQ � D V � ( E Q � $ E E D V � � K H � L V � W K H � U H S X W H G � V R X U F H � R I � Y H U \ �Q XPH U R X V � + D G L W K V � � + H � G L H G � F D � � � � � � � � � �

� � � $ � V R Q � R I W K H � V H F R Q G � F D O L S K � 2PD U � E � � R O � . K D W W D E � � + H � I R X J K W � L Q �PDQ \ � F DPSD L J Q V � �E X W � U H I X V H G � K L J K � R I I L F H � � + H � L V � U HPHPEH U H G � D V � D � F D U H I X O � D Q G � D F F X U D W H � W U D Q VP L W W H U � R I �

+ D G L W K V � � + H � G L H G � L Q � � � � � � � � �� � � 6 H H � Q R W H � � � � �� � � 6 H H � Q R W H � � � �

� � � = D \ G � K D G � D � V R Q � � 2 V DP D � � E \ � D � S U H Y L R X V �PD U U L D J H � � $ I W H U � G L Y R U F L Q J � = D \ Q D E � L Q � � �$ � + � O � � � � � K H � F R Q W U D F W H G � I X Q K H U �PD U U L D J H V � D Q G � K D G �PR U H � F K L O G U H Q � � + H � O H G � V H Y H U D O �0 R V O HP � U D L G V � D Q G � Z D V � D S S R L Q W H G � E \ � W K H � 3 U R S K H W � W R � F RPPDQG � W K H � I L U V W � F DPS D L J Q �L Q W R � 6 \ U L D � � R Q � W K D W � F DPS D L J Q � K H �Z D V � N L O O H G � L Q � W K H � E D W W O H � R I � 0 R W D � � Q H D U �0 D D Q � L Q �Z K D W � L V � Q RZ � 7 U D Q V M R U G D Q � � L Q � � � $ � + � O � � � � � 2 V DPD � � G H V S L W H � K L V � \ R X W K � � Z D V � S X W � L Q �

F RPPDQG � R I � D Q R W K H U � H [ S H G L W L R Q � L Q W R � 6 \ U L D � L Q � , , � $ � + � O � � � � �� � � $ O L � ' D V K W L V � W H [ W � K D V � 0 D T D W H O I 0 R T D W H O � � = DPDNK V K D U L � � L Q � K L V � F RPPHQ W D U \ � R O � . D V K V K D I �

� V H H � Q R W H � � � � D E R Y H � � R Q � Z K L F K � $ O L � ' D V K W L � U H O L H G � � D W W U L E X W H V � W K H � V W D W HPHQ W � W R � D �PDQ � Q DPHG �0R T D W H O � E � � 6 R O D \PDQ � � � , Q I R UPD W L R Q � N L Q G O \ � J L Y H Q � E \ � ' U � � 3 D X O � 6 S U D F KPDQ � R I � W K H � 8 Q L Y H U V L W \ �

Page 233: 23 years - al Dashti

R I � & K L F D J R � � �� � �0 DKPXG � 6 K D E H V W D U L � R I � 7 D W O U L ] � � G � � F D � � � � � � � � � � � � D X W K R U � R I �*R O V K D Q � H � 5 W L ] � � D � V K R U W �

���` �H [ S R V L W L R Q � R I � 6 X I L VP � L Q � Y H U V H � � W U � � E \ � ( � �:K L Q I L H O G � � 7 K H � 5 R V H � * D U G H Q � R I � 0 \ V U H U \ � �

/ R Q G R Q � � � � � � �� � � , Q � V X U D � , � � W K H � L Q Y R F D W L R Q � � , Q � W K H � Q DPH � R I � * R G � � W K H � & RPSD V V L R Q D W H � � W K H �0 H U F L I X O � � L V �Q XPEH U H G � D V � D � V H S D U D W H � Y H U V H � � E X W � L Q � R W K H U � V X U D V � L W � L V � Q R W � � 7 K H � U H V W � R I � V X U D �� � F R Q V L V W V �

R I � V L [ � V K R U W � Y H U V H V � �� � � 7 K H �PH DQ L Q J � R I � W K H � Z R U G �PD U K D Q L � � W U D Q V O D W H G � D E R Y H � D V � � U H S H W L W L R Q V � � � L V � R E V F X U H � � , W �F RPH V � L Q � W Z R � Y H U V H V � R I � W K H � 4 X U ¶ D Q � � V X U D ��� � � � � D QG � V X U D ��� � � � � � � 2 Q H � W K H R U \ � L V � W K D W � L W �

P H D Q V � Y H U V H V � R U � S D V V D J H V � ZK L F K � Z H U H � V H Q W � G RZQ � W Z L F H � � D Q R W K H U � L V � W K D W � L W � P H D Q V �Y H U V H V � Z K L F K � R X J K W � W R � E H � U H S H D W H G � L Q � S U D \ H U � � D Q R W K H U � L V � W K D W � L W � P H D Q V � S U D L V H V � �

� � � $P U � E � � R O � $ V � � D � 4 R U D \ V K L W H � � Z D V � W K H � F R Q T X H U R U � D Q G � I L U V W � J R Y H U Q R U � R I � ( J \ S W � � $ E X �08 V � � R O � $ V K D U L � � D � Q D W L Y H � R I � W K H � < DPDQ � � Z D V � W K H � J R Y H U Q R U � R I � % D V U D � D Q G � F R Q T X H U R U �R I � . K X ] H V W D Q � � ' X U L Q J � W K H � E D W W O H � R I � 6 H I I L Q � E H WZ H H Q � $ O L V � D Q G �0 R DZ L \ D V � I R U F H V � L Q �

� � � � � � � � $ U Q U � S U R S R V H G � D U E L W U D W L R Q � � 0 R DZ L \ D � F K R V H � $ U Q U � � D Q G � $ O L � F K R V H � $ E X �0X V D � � W R � E H � W K H � W Z R � D U E L W H U V � �:KHQ � W K H \ �PH W � D W � $ G K U X K � � Q H D U � 3 H W U D � � L Q � W K H �

I R O O RZ L Q J � \ H D U � � $P U � S H U V X D G H G � $ E X �08 V � � W R � G H F O D U H � W K D W � E R W K � $ O L � D Q G �0 R DZ L \ D �Z H U H � L Q H O L J L E O H � � D Q G � W K H Q � K L P V H O I � G H F O D U H G � W K D W � R Q O \ � $ O L � Z D V � L Q H O L J L E O H � �

� � � 6 RPH � H [ DPS O H V � D U H � V X U D �� � � � � � � D E U R J D W L Q J � V X U D �� � � � � � � � R Q � L Q K H U L W D Q F H � U L J K W V � R I �Z L G RZ V � � V X U D ��� � � � � D E U R J D W L Q J � V X U D �� � � � � � � R Q � S X Q L V KPHQ W � R I � D G X O W H U \ � E \ � Z RPHQ � �

V X U D �� � � � � � � D E U R J D W L Q J � V X U D �� � � � � � � � R Q � F R Q V XPS W L R Q � R I � L Q W R [ L F D Q W V � �� � � 7 K H � . K D U H M L W H V � G L V D S S U R Y H G � R I � $ O L V � D J U H HPHQ W � W R � D U E L W U D W L R Q � R I � W K H � F O D L P V � W R � W K H �F D O L S K D W H � D Q G � V H F H G H G � I U RP � K L V � F DPS � L Q � � � � � � � � � 7 K H \ � E H O L H Y H G � W K D W � W K H �PR V W � S L R X V �0 R V O HP �PDQ � � H Y H Q � L I � D � E O D F N � V O D Y H � � R X J K W � W R � E H � W K H � (PDP � � L � H � � K H D G � R I � W K H �0 R V O HP �F RPPXQ L W \ � � � D Q G � W K D W � D � 0 R V O HP �ZK R � F RPP L W V � D �P D M R U � V L Q � F H D V H V � W R � E H � D �0 R V O H , S �D Q G � R X J K W � W R � E H � S X Q L V K H G � L Q � W K L V � Z R U O G � � 6PD O O � . K D U H M L W H � F RPPXQ L W L H V � V W L O O � H [ L V W � L Q �

2PDQ � D Q G � $ O J H U L D � �� � � 7 K H �0 R U M H L W H V � E H O L H Y H G � W K D W � W K H � V L Q F H U L W \ � R I � D � 0 R V O HP V � I D L W K � F D Q � R Q O \ � E H � M X G J H G � E \ �

* R G � D Q G � W K D W � S X Q L V KPHQ W � R I � 0 R V O HP � V L Q Q H U V � R X J K W � W R � E H � S R V W S R Q H G � X Q W L O � W K H �M X G J HPHQ W � G D \ � � L � H � � O H I W � W R � * R G V � M X G J HPHQ W � � 7 K H \ � U H F RPPHQG H G � R E H G L H Q F H � W R � W K H �2PD\ \ D G � F D O L S K D W H � E H F D X V H � � H Y H Q � W K R X J K � V L Q I X O � � L W � Z D V � W K H � H V W D E O L V K H G � U H J LPH � �

� � � 7 K H �0 R W D ] H O L W H V � E H O L H Y H G � W K D W � * R G � L V � Q H F H V V D U L O \ � M X V W � � W K D W � K XPDQ V � K D Y H � I U H H � Z L O O � �D Q G � W K D W � W K H � 4 X U ¶ D Q �Z D V � F U H D W H G � � L � H � � E \ � * R G � L Q � W K H � O L I H W L P H � R I � 0 R K DPPDG � � � � 7 K H �$ E E L V L G � F D O L S K V �0 D PXQ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 R W D V HP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � D Q G �

:D W K H T � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �PD L Q W D L Q H G � D Q � L Q T X L V L W L R Q � I R U � W K H � S X U S R V H � R I � H O L P L Q D W L Q J �D Q W L � 0 R W D ] H O L W H � M X G J H V � D Q G � R I I L F L D O V � � 7 K H � J U H D W H V W � D Q G � O D V W � 0 R W D ] H O L W H � Z U L W H U �

ZDV �=DPDNKVKDU L � �G � � ��� ����� � � � � ��� � 7 K H � $ V K D U L W H V � Z H U H � I R O O R Z H U V � R I � W K H � 6 R Q Q L W H � W K H R O R J L D Q � $ E X O � + D V D Q � $ O L � � � � �

$ V K D U L � � G � � � � � � � � � � � � Z K R � E U R N H � DZD \ � I U RP � W K H �0 R W D ] H O L W H V � � 7 K H \ � U H M H F W H G �K XPDQ � I U H H � Z L O O � D Q G � V F L H Q W L I L F � F D X V D O L W \ � � D Q G � E H O L H Y H G � L Q � S U H G H V W L Q D W L R Q � D Q G � F R Q W L Q X R X V �

Page 234: 23 years - al Dashti

F U H D W L R Q � �� � � % D W H Q L W H � Z D V � D � W H Q' � X V H G � G L V S D U D J L Q J O \ � E \ � R Q K R G R [ � Z U L W H U V � W R � G H Q R W H � W K R V H �ZK R �V R X J K W � L Q Q H U � � E D U H Q � �PHDQ L Q J V � L Q � 4 X U ¶ D Q L F � W H [ W V � D Q G � , V O DP L F � O D Z V � D Q G � U L W H V � � 7 K R X J K �

D S S O L F D E O H � W R � 6 X I L V � �P\ V W L F V � � � W K H � W H Q' �Z D V � J H Q H U D O O \ � U H V H U Y H G � I R U � W K H � Y D U L R X V �( VPD L O L � 6 K L L W H � J U R X S V � � V X F K � D V � W K H � 4 D UPD W L V � R I � H D V W H U Q � $ U D E L D � L Q � W K H � � W K � � � W K �F H Q W X U \ � � W K H � ) D W HP L G � G \ Q D V W \ � R I � ( J \ S W � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � W K H � ( N KZ L Q � R V � 6 D L D �� % U H W K U H Q � R I � 3 X U L W \ � � � D � 0 R V O HP �1 H R � 3 O D W R Q L V W � J U R X S � V D L G � W R � K D Y H � E H H Q � E D V H G � D W �% D V U D � L Q � W K H � � W K � O 2 W K � F H Q W X U \ � ZK R � K D Y H � O H I W � D � F R O O H F W L R Q � R I � � � � H S L V W O H V � � D Q G � W K H �

1 H ] D U L � ( VPD L O L V � R I � $ O DPX W � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � 7 K H � V H F R Q G � F D O L S K � 2PD U �Z D V � V W D E E H G � R Q � � � � ' KX + H M M D � � � � � � 1 R Y HPEH U � � � � � E \ �

$ E X � / R O R D � ) L U X ] � � D Q � , U D Q L D Q � V O D Y H � V D L G � L Q � V RPH � V R X U F H V � W R � K D Y H � E H H Q � D � & K U L V W L D Q � �, Q � W K H � K R X U V � E H I R U H � K L V � G H D W K � K H � D S S R L Q W H G � W K H � F RPP L W W H H � ZK L F K � F K R V H � 2 W KPDQ � W R �

V X F F H H G � K LP � �� � � $ Q � H D U O \ � F R Q Y H U W � � Q R W H G � D V � D Q � D V F H W L F � D Q G � F U L W L F � R I � W K H � U L F K � D Q G � D V � D � W U D Q VP L W W H U � R I �

+ D G L W K V � � + H �Z D V � H [ S H O O H G � I U RP � 6 \ U L D � E \ �0 R DZ L \ D � L Q � 2 W KPDQ V � U H L J Q � D Q G � G L H G � L Q �� � � � � � � � $ E X � 'K D U U � R O � * K H O D U L � � R O � 0 H T G D G � E � � $P U � � D Q G � 6 D OPDQ � R O � ) D U V L � D U H �

G H V F U L E H G � D V � W K H � I L U V W � 6 K L L W H V � ���� �

127(6 ��� � $ Q � H D U O \ � F R Q Y H U W � Z K R � I R X J K W � L Q � W K H � 3 U R S K H W V � Z D U V � � + H �Z D V � D S S R L Q W H G � J R Y H U Q R U � R I �

. X I D � E \ � 2PD U � D Q G � S O D \ H G � D � S D U W � L Q � W K H � F R Q T X H V W � R I � . K X ] H V W D Q � � + H �Z D V � G L VP L V V H G �E \ � 2 W KPDQ � � + H � I R X J K W � I R U � $ O L � L Q � W K H � E D W W O H � R I � W K H � F DPH O � D Q G � D W � 6 H I I L Q � Z K H U H � K H �

Z D V � N L O O H G � L Q � � � � � � � � �� � � $ Q � D Q W K R O R J \ � R I � $ U D E L F � V R Q J V � D Q G � S R HP V � I U RP � S U H � , V O DP L F � G D \ V � W R � W K H � W LP H � R I �( E U D K LP � R O �0 RZ V H O L � � W K H � F R X Q �PX V L F L D Q � R I � W K H � $ E E D V L G � F D O L S K � + D U X Q � R U � 5 D V K L G �

� � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � O L V � F RPS L O H U � $ E X - � O ) D U D M � $ O L � � � � ( V I D K D Q L � � � � � ��� � � � � ���� � � Z D V �D Q � $ U D E � R I � 2PD\ \ D G � G H V F H Q W � Z K R � O L Y H G � D W � ( V I D K D Q � �

� � � $ U D E L F � I R U � . K R V U DZ � � W K H � Q DPH � R I � D �P\ W K L F D O � , U D Q L D Q � . L Q J � D Q G � R I � W Z R � 6 D V D Q L G �N L Q J V � � . K R V U DZ � , � $ Q X V K D U Y D Q � � � � � � � � � � � D Q G � . K R V U DZ � , , � 3 D U Y L ] � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � $ E G R O O D K � E � � 4 R W D \ E D � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � R I � , U D Q L D Q � R U L J L Q � � K H O G � R I I L F L D O � S R V W V �PD L Q O \ � D W � % D J K G D G �ZK H U H � K H � G L H G � � + H �Z D V � W K H � D X W K R U � R I �2\XQ � R O � D N K E W L U � � D �

F R O O H F W L R Q � R I � H G L I \ L Q J � D Q H F G R W H V � � D Q G � R I � D � S R H W L F � D Q W K R O R J \ � � D � W U H D W L V H � R Q � W K H �V H F U H W D U L D O � D Q � � D Q G �PDQ \ � R W K H U � $ U D E L F � Z R U N V � �

� � � 7 D K D � + R V D \ Q � � � � � � � � � � � � � Z H Q W � E O L Q G � L Q � H D U O \ � F K L O G K R R G � � $ I W H U � H G X F D W L R Q � D W � D �4 X U ¶ D Q � V F K R R O � D Q G � W K H � $ ] E D U � W K H R O R J L F D O � F R O O H J H � L Q � & D L U R � � K H � V W X G L H G � L Q � ) U D Q F H �D Q G � H D U Q H G � W K H � G R F W R U D W H � R I � W K H � 8 Q L Y H U V L W \ � R I � 3 D U L V � L Q � � � � � � I R U � K L V � W K H V L V � R Q � / D �

S K L O R V R S K L H � V R F L D O H � G O E Q � . K D O G R X Q � �+ L V � V F K R O D U O \ � V W X G L H V � R I � W K H � S U H � , V O DP L F � $ U D E L F �S R H W U \ � � ) L V K � V K H U � H O � M D KH O L � �&D L U R � � � � � � � D Q G � W K H � O L I H � R I � 0 R K DPPDG � � $ O D � O X LPH V K �H V � V L U D � �� � Y R O V � � & D L U R � � � � � � D Q G � � � � � � � D U R X V H G � F R Q W U R Y H U V \ � E X W � K D Y H � O D V W L Q J � Y D O X H � �+ H � U H S U H V H Q W H G � W K H � O L E H U D O � W H Q G H Q F \ � L Q � ( J \ S W L D Q � Q D W L R Q D O L VP � � , Q � K L V � E R R N � R Q � W K H �

Page 235: 23 years - al Dashti

) X W X U H � R I � & X O W X U H � L Q � ( J \ S W � �0 R V W D T E D O � R W K � W K H T D I D I L � 0 H V U � �&D L U R � � � � � � � K H � F D O O H G �I R U � F R R S H U D W L R Q � Z L W K � R W K H U �0 H G L W H U U D Q H DQ � F R X Q W U L H V � � + H �Z D V �0 L Q L V W H U � R I � ( G X F D W L R Q �

I U RP � - D Q X D U \ � � � � � � W R � - D Q X D U \ � � � � � � � $ E R Y H � D O O � K H � L V � U HPHPEH U H G � I R U � K L V �D F F R X Q W � R I � K L V � O L I H � D W � W K H � 4 X U ¶ D Q � V F K R R O � D Q G � W K H � $ ] K D U � � R O � $ � � DP � � � � Y R O V � � & D L U R �

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� � � 6 H H � Q R W H � � � � R Q � S � � � � � � D E R Y H � �� � � $ E X �2 E D \ G D � E � � $ E G R O O D K � E � � R O � - D U U D K �Z D V � R Q H � R I � W K H � H D U O \ � F R Q Y H Q V �ZK R �

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PRQXPHQ W � R I � 1 HZ � 3 H U V L D Q � S U R V H � � , W � L V � D E E U H Y L D W H G � I U RP � 7 D E D U L V � $ U D E L F � R U L J L Q D O �D Q G � V X S S O HPHQ W H G �Z L W K � V RPH � D G G L W L R Q D O �PD W H U L D O � � PD L Q O \ � R Q � , U D Q L D Q � V X E M H F W V � �

7 K H U H � L V � D � ) U H Q F K � W U D Q V O D W L R Q � E \ � + � � = R W H Q E H U J � �&K U R Q L T X H � G H � � � � � � 7 D E D U L � W U D G X L W H �V X U � O D � Y H U V L R Q � S H U V D Q H � G H � � � � % H I DP L � �� � Y R O V � � 3 D U L V � � � � � � � � � � � � U H S U L Q W H G � � � � � � �� � � $PPD U � E � � < D V H U � D Q G � R O �0 H T G D G � E � � $P U � Z H U H � H D U O \ � F R Q Y H Q V � D Q G � F RPSDQ L R Q V �

R I � W K H � 3 U R S K H W � D Q G � S U RP L Q H Q W � V X S S R Q H U V � R I $ O L � � $PPD U � � Z K R V H �PR W K H U �Z D V � D � V O D Y H � RZQ H G � E \ � D �PHPEH U � R I � W K H �0 D N K ] XP � F O D Q � R I � W K H � 4 R U D \ V K � � E H F DPH �

J R Y H U Q R U � R I � . X I D � L Q � 2PD U V � U H L J Q � D Q G � W R R N � S D Q � L Q � W K H � F R Q T X H V W � R I � . K X ] H V W D Q � � K H �Z D V � N L O O H G � Z K L O H � I L J K W L Q J � I R U � $ O L � D W � W K H � E D W W O H � R I � 6 H I I L Q � L Q � � � � � � � � � $PPD U � �

0 H T G D G � � $ E X � 'K D U U � R O � * K H I D U L � � D Q G � 6 D OPDQ � R O � ) D U V L � D U H � U H J D U G H G � D V � W K H � I L U V W �6 K L L W H V � �

� � � � 6 H H � S � � � � I � �� � � � 7 K H �%HK D U � R O � $ QZD U � L V � D Q � L PPHQ V H � + D G L W K � F RP S L O D W L R Q � L Q � $ U D E L F � � U X Q Q L Q J � W R � � � � �

Y R O XPH V � � 0 R K DPPDG � % D T H U �0 D M O H V L � D O V R � Z U R W H �PR U H � S R S X O D U � E R R N V � L Q � 3 H U V L D Q � �L Q F O X G L Q J � E L R J U D S K L H V � R I � W K H � 3 U R S K H W � D Q G � W K H � W Z H O Y H � (P LP V � � + L V � S H U V H F X W L R Q � R I �, U D Q L D Q � 6 R Q Q L W H V � � 6 X I L V � � - HZ V � � D Q G � = R U R D V W U L D Q V � Z D V � R Q H � R I � W K H � F D X V H V � R I � W K H �Z H D N H Q L Q J � R I � W K H � 6 D I D Y L G �PRQ D U F K \ � � Z K L F K � Z D V � R Y H U W K U RZQ � E \ � 6 R Q Q L W H � $ I J K D Q �

U H E H O V � L Q � � � � � � � � � � � �

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��� � $ � 3 H U V L D Q � E R R N � E \ �0 RK DPPDG � % D T H U �0 D M O H V L � �����%\ �6KD\NK �1D L U Q �RG �' L Q �'D\D �G � ���� ����� � � � DQ �H[SRQHP�R I �6X I L VP � �7 K H �0H76 , L G �

� � � �( E W L G � H RPD L Q V � R Q H � R I � � K H � I HZ � H D U O \ �PHQ U L R Q V � R I � 2PD U � . K D \ \ DP � � ZK R � L V �G H Q R X Q F H G � L Q � L W � D V � D � S K L O R V R S K H U � D Q G � D Q � D W K H L V W � � � �

��� �

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,QGH[�RI�3HUVRQV�$D URQ ��� �

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$EGR O O DK �E � � - DE VK ��� � ���� �$EGR O O DK �E � �R O �.KD W D O�� �

$EGR O O DK �E � �0DV XG ���� � � ��� �$EGR O O DK �E � �2ED\\ ���� � � ��� � � ��� � � ��� � �

��� � ���� �$EGR O O DK �E � �2PDU ���� � �Q � � �� �$EGR O O DK �E � �2PP�0DN W8P��� �

$EGR O O DK �E � �2QD\V ���� �$EGR O O DK �R O �4RGD L � �� �

$EGR O O DK �E � �5DZDKD ���� � ���� �$EGR O O DK �E � �6D G � E � �$E L � 6DUK ��� I � � � ��� � �

��� �$EGR O O DK �E � �6D O O DP���� �

$EGR O O DK �E � �R ] �=RED\ U ���� �$EUDKD ��� �

$EUDKDP�� � � �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� �$EX �$ I DN ���� �

$EX �$PU �E � � R O �$ O D ��� �$E O O , �$ VKDGG ��� � ��� � ���� �

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$EX�$] ]D � R O � -RPDK L � ��� �$EX �%DNU � RV �6HGG L T �� � ��� � ��� � ��� � � �� � ��� � �

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��� � ���� � ���� �� ���� �$EX �'D XG �R W � 7D\D O HV L ��� �

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Q � �� �$EX , �+D\ WKDP�E � � 7D\\HKDQ ��� I � �

$EX �+R UD\UD ��� � � Q ��� �$EX � - DE O �� � � �� � ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � � Q �� �$EX � /DKDE �E � � $EG �R O �0R W W D O HE ��� � ��� � �

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$ O L � E � �$E L � 7D OHE ��� � ��� � � �� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� ��� � ���� � ������ � ���� � ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� � �

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Page 238: 23 years - al Dashti

$ O L �0RKDPPDG�6K L U D ] L � � 6D\\HG �� I � �$ UQHQD �E � �:DEE � , �

$ UQH U �E � �=DUHE � R O �$GZDQ L � �� �$PPDUE � � <D VHU ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� ���� � �

Q � �� �$PU �E � � $EG �:RRG ���� �

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$ U L V W R W O H ��� �$V � E � �: L U H O �

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%D UD �E � �R O �0D U X U ��� �%D\GDZ L � �$EGR O O DK ���� � � ��� � � Q � �� �

%HH WKRYHQ ��� �%H O D O ��� �

% O D FKHUH � �5 � � �� �%RNKDU L �0RKDQXQDG,� ��� ��� ��� �Q ��� �%R M D\U � E � � =RKD\U �E � � $E L � 6R OPD���� �

Page 239: 23 years - al Dashti

%XGGKD ��� � � �� �&D H V D U � � � � � � � � � � �& K H Q J L ] � . K D Q � � �& R Q I X F L X V � � � � � � � �

& \ U X V � � � � � � �' D UZD ] D � � 0 R K D QXQ D G � ( ] ] D W � � � � � � � I � �

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' H UPHQJK HP � � ( � � � � � Q � � � �(EQ �$EG � D W �%DU U � �� �

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)DU W DQD ��� �)D W HPD �E � � RG �'DKK L N ���� �

)D W HPD �E � �0RKDQXQDG ���� � ���� � ���� � �Q � �� �

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Page 240: 23 years - al Dashti

*R OG ] L KH U � � � , � ��� ��� ��� ��� � ���� � ���� I � � �Q � �� �

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+ D I H ] � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �+ D I V D � E � � 2PD U � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �+ D N DP � E � � $ E L O � $ V � � � � �+ D N LP � E � � + H= LP � � � � �

+ D Q XQX U D E L � � � �+ DPQD � E � � - D K V K � � � � I � � � � � � � � � � � �

+ D U Q ] D � E � � $ E G � R O �0 R W W D O H E � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

+ D Q ] D O D � E � � 6 D I Z D Q � � � �+ D U H W K � E � � $ E L � ' H U D U � � � � �+ D U H W K � E � � R O � + D U H W K � � � � �+ D U H W K � E � � + H V K LP � � � � � � � � �

+ D U Q D F N � � $ � � � � �+ D V D Q � E � � $ O L � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

+ D V D Q � R O � 4 R U D ] L � � � �+ D V V D Q � E � � 7 K D E H W � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

+ D \ N D O � � 0 R K D Q XQ D G � + R V D \ Q � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � I � � � � � � � � � � � � � Q � � �

+ H Q G � E � � 2 W E D � � � � � � � � � � � � I � �+ H Q G � E � � < D ] L G � � � � �+ L W O H U � � � � � � � � � � � �

+ R G K D O L � � $ E X �0 R D Q X Q D U � � � � �+ RPH U � � � �

+ R UPR ] L Q � � � � �+ R V D \ Q � E � � $ O L � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � I � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � �+ R V D \ Q � � 7 D K D � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �

+ RZD \ U H W K � E � � 1 R T D \ G K � E � �:DK E � � � �+ RZD \ W H E � E � � $ E G � R O � 2 ] ] D � � � � �

+ R \ D \ \ � E � � $ N K W D E � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �+ X G � � � � � � � � �

+ X O D J X � . K D Q � � � � � � � � Q � � �, V DD F ���� �, V D L DK ��� �

, VKPDH O ��� � ��� � ��� �

Page 241: 23 years - al Dashti

- D ED U L ��� �- DE U ��� �

- DGG �E � �4D\V ���� �- D I D U � E � � $E L � 7 L O H E ��� I � �

- DQ L � .D VKDQ L �� � ���� � � Q � �� �- DQQDE ���� �

- DZDG � �$ O L � �� �- H U HP LDK ��� � � ��� �

- H VXV� I � � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � � ��� � � ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� �

- RZD\U L \ D �E � �R O �+DUH WK ���� � � ��� � � ��� �.D E � E � �R O � $ VKUD I ���� � � ��� I � � � ��� �

.D O E L � �+HVK LP�E � �0RKDQXQDG ��� � � Q � ��� �.HQDQD �E � � $E L �5DE M D ���� � ���� �

��� �,1'(; �2) � 3(56216 �

.H V U D � � � � � � Q � � � �. K D G L M D � E � � . K RZD \ O H G � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �. K D O H G � E � � 6 H'DQ � � � �. K D O H G � E � � 6 R I \ D Q � � � � �

. K D O H G � E � � R O �:D O L G � � � � � � � � � �. K DZ O D � � � � �

. K D \ \ D W � � $ E G � R U � 5 D K LP � � � � � Q � � � � �. K R V U DZ � � � � � Q � � � � � � Q � � � �

. K R V U DZ � 3 D U Y L ] � � � � Q � � � � � � Q � � � �. R U ] � E � � - D E H U � � � �

. U HPH U � � $ � � Y D Q � � � �/DE L G �E � �$ V DP���� �

/DE L G �E � �5DE L D ��� � � Q � ��� �/HQ L Q �� � ���� �

/HRQDUGR �GD �9 L Q F L ��� �/ L Q FR O Q � � $E UDKDP���� �

/R W ���� �/XGZ LJ � � (P L O ,2 �

0D D U U L � �$EX , �$ O D ��� ��� ��� � ��� � ��� � �Q � �� �

0DKD O O L � � - D O D O � DG �' L Q �� � � ��� �

Page 242: 23 years - al Dashti

0D M O H V L � �0RKDPPDG �%DTHU � ��� ���� � �Q � � ��� � � Q � ���� �

0D O HN � E � �$ZI ���� �0D T L O � E � � <D VD U ���� �

0D UD W � � - � � 3 � � �� �0D U L \D WKH&RS W�� ���� � ���� �� � � ��� ���� � �

Q � �� �0D UZDQ �E � � R O �+DNDP���� �

0D U\ ���� � ���� � ���� �0D\PXQD �E � �R O �+ O UH W K ��� ���� ���� ���� �

0HTG O G �E � �$PU ��� ���� � � Q � ��� �0HT\DV �E � �6D0ED ��� �

0HV W DK �E � �2 WK L O W K D ���� I � � ���� �0H] � �$ � ��� �

0R OZ L\D � E � �$E L �6R I\DQ ���� � � ��� � � ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� ���� �

0R OZ L\D � E � �0RJK L U D ���� �0REDU U DG � �0RKDPPDG�E � � <D O L G � �� �0RKDPPDG�E � �$EGR O O DK �SDV V LP �

0RKDPPDG�E � �%DVK L U ���� �0RKDPPDG�E � �0DV O DPD��� �0RKD\\HVD �E � �0DV XG ���� �

0R �$KHG �E � � - DEU ���� �0RTD WH O �E � � 6R O D\PDQ���� �Q � ��� �

0RVQH � E � � 6D IZ O Q ���� � ���� �0RVD\ O HPD ���� �

0RVH�� � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� �

0RV O HP�E � � R O �+D+Q� ��� � � �� �0R W D VHP���� �0R O DZD O WNH O��� �1DG H U � � 6 K D K � � � � �

1 D G U � E � � R O � + D U H W K � � � � � � � I � �1 D RP � � � � � � � � � �

1 D S R O H R Q � � � � � � � � � � �1 D ] ] DP � � ( E U D K LP � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �

1HJXV ��� ��� ��� �1 L H W ] V F K H � � ) � � : � � � � � �

Page 243: 23 years - al Dashti

1RDK � � � � � � � � � � � � � �1 R D \P � E � � 0 D V X G � � � � �1 R O G H N H � � 7 K � � � � � � � � �1 RZD \ U L � � $ KPDG � � � �

2 E D \ G R O O D K � E � � - D K V K � � � � � � � � �2 E D \ G R O O D K � E � � 2PD U � � � � �2 E D \ G R O O D K � E � � = L \ D G � � � � �

2PD U � E � � R O � . K D W W D E � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , O O � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � I � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �2PD U � E � � 6 D G � E � � $ E L � :D T T D V � � � � I � �2PD\PD � E � � $ E G � R O �0 R W W D O H E � � � � �2PD\ \ D � E � � $ E L V � 6 D O W � � � � � � � � �

2PD\ \ D � E � � . K D O D I � � � � �2PP �$ \PDQ � � � �

2PP �+DE L E D � E � � $ E L � 6 R I \ D Q � � � � � � � � � �2PP � - RPD \ \ H O � � � � � � � � � � � � �

2PP � . R O W K XP � E � � 0 R K DPPDG � � � � � � Q � � � � �2PP �6 D O DPD � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

2PP �6K D Q N � � � � � � � � � �2 T E D � E � � $ E L � 0 R D \ � � � � I � �

2 UZ D � E � � 0 D V X G � � �2 V DPD � E � � = D \ G � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

2 W D E D � E � � $ E L � / D K D E � � � �2 W KPDQE � � 0 I L Q � � � � � � � � � � � � I � � � � � � � � I � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �2 W KPDQ � E � � R O � + RZD \ U H W K � � � �

2 \ D \ Q D � E � � + H V Q � � � � � � � � �3 K D U D R K � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �

3 O D W R � � � �4 D G L � , \ D G � � � I � �

4 D U L E D � � � �4 D V HP � E � � 0 R K DPPDG � � � � � � � � � � � � � �4 D V V � E � � 6 D H G D � R O � , \ D G L � � � � � � � � �4 D V W D O O D Q L � � $ KPDG � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �

4 D W D G D � � � � � Q � � � � �4 R U D V K L � � $ E X � $PH U � � � � �

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5D \ K D Q D � � � � � � � � � �5 D ] L � � 0 R K DPPDG � E � � = D N D U L \ D � � � I � � � Q � � � � �

5 H E H F F D � � � � �5 H I D D � E � � 4 D \ V � � � � �

���`�5HQDQ � � ( UQHV W ��� �

5RTD\\D �E � �0RKDPPDG���� � � Q � ��� �5XP L � � - D O D O � DG �' L Q �� ��� ���� ���� � � Q � � �� �6D G �E � � $E L �:DTTDV �� ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � �

��� � ���� � ���� �6D G �E � �0R DGK ��2I � � � ��� I � �

6D G �E � �2EDGD ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� I � �6D G �E � � =D\G ���� �

6D I L \ D � E � �+R\D\\ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �6D IZDQ �E � �%D O L � �� �

6D IZDQ �E � �0R D W W D������� �6D IZDQ �E � �2PD\\D ��� �

6DK O � 7XV W D U L �� O I � �6DNUDQ �E � �$PU ���� �6D O HK ��� ��� ��� � ���� �

6D O HP���� �6D O HP�E � �2PD\U � ��� �

6D O O DP�E � �0HVKNDP���� �6D OPDQ�R O �)D U V L ��� � ���� �

6DPPDQ � �0RKDPPDG�$EGR O O DK ��� � � �� �6D UD ��� �

6D UDK ���� �6DZGD �E � �=DP D ���� I � � ���� � � ��� � � ��� �

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6KD U DQ L � �$EG �R O �:DKKDE ��� � � Q � ��� �6KHPU �E � �'K L , � - RZVKDQ ���� �

6KR D\E ��� �6KRZD \ O HP � � � � �

6 R F U D W H V ��� � ��� � � � � � �6 R K D \ E � E � � 6 H Q D Q � � � � �6 R K D \ O � E � � $P U ���� �6R O RPRQ � � � � � � � � � �

6 R \ X W L � � - D O D O � D G �' L Q � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � ���� � �

Page 245: 23 years - al Dashti

��� � � � � � � � � � � �6 W D O L Q � � � � �

7DEDU L �0RKDPPDGE � - D U L U � � �� � �� ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� I � � � ��� ���� � � Q � �� �

7DKH U �E � �0RKDPPDG���� �7D O KD �E � �2ED\GR O O DK �� � ��� � ���� � ���� � �

��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� �7H UPHGK L � �0RKDPPDG���� � � Q ��� �

7 LPX U� �7R PD�E � � (EU L T ���� �

7 UR WVN\ ���� �7XV L � �1DV L U �RG �' L Q �� � ��� � � Q � �� �

8 U L DK ���� �:DKVK L ��� � � �� �

:D O L G �E � � R O �0RJK L U D �� � ��� � ���� �:DTHG L � �0RKDPPDG �� � ��� � � Q �� �

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:H O O V � �+ � �* � ��� �<D ] L G � E � �0R DZ L \D ��� I � � � ��� � � ��� �

<RVD\UE �5H]DP���� � �

=DPDNK V K D U L � � 0 D O X Q X G � E � � 2PD U � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �

=D\G �E � �$PU ��� �=D\G �E � �+ L U H W KD ��� � ���� � ���� �� � ���� � �

Q � �� �=D\G �E � � 7K L EH W � �� � ���� �

=D\QDE �E � � - DK VK ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� �� � � ��� � � ��� � � ��� �

O D \QDE �E � � .KR]D\PD���� � ���� �=D\QDE �E � �0RKDPPDG���� � � Q ��� �

=RED\ U �E � �R O �$ZZ LP�� � ��� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� I � � ���� � ���� � �

��� � ���� �O R KD\U � E � �$E L � 6R OP L ��� � ���� � �Q � ��� �

=RURDV W H U ��� �����R �

Page 246: 23 years - al Dashti

,QGH[�RI�7ULEHV��&ODQV��'\QDVWLHV� �1�DOLRQV��5HOLJLRXV�DQG�2WKHU�*URXSV �

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$ Q V D U � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � I � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

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$ V K D U L W H V � � � � � � � � � � � Q � � � � �$ V V \ U L D Q V � � � � �

$Z V � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � �

% D E L � V � � � � � � � � I � �% D E \ O R Q L D Q V � � � � �

% D K D L � V � � � �% D M L O D � � � �

% D W H Q L W H V � � � � � � Q � � � � �% H G R X L Q � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � �2� I � � � � � � � � O O O � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � �% \ ] D Q W L Q H � * U H H N V � � � � �

&KD O GDHDQV ���� �&K L QH VH ���� �

&K U L V W L DQ V � � � ��� � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � ��� ��� ��� ���� � ���� � ���� � ���� �

'DZV ���� �(J\S W L DQ V �� � ��� � � ��� � ���� �(NKZDQ�R V �6D -D ���� � � Q � � �� �

( VPD L O L W H V ���� �) D W H W Q L G � G \ Q D V W \ � � � � �

) U H Q F K � � � � � � � � � � �

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Page 247: 23 years - al Dashti

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Page 249: 23 years - al Dashti

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Page 250: 23 years - al Dashti

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Page 251: 23 years - al Dashti

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Page 253: 23 years - al Dashti

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