22b e s monyo obj 8
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TRANSCRIPT
Objective 8.2: Groundnut, Seed Systems in ESA
ICRISAT Bamako, Mali
Project Partners in Eastern and Southern Africa - ESA
Project Team ESA
ICRISAT MALAWI TANZANIA
E MONYO F MAIDENI O MPONDA
R JONES T KAPEWA F MIZAMBWA
B SHIFERAW G KANANJI E KAFIRITI
Project Components
• Improve seed availability and thus adoption of new varieties
• Build capacity to ensure a sustainable supply of affordable high-quality seed
Highlights of Results
• On Improving Availability
What was the legume seed system situation when the project
started?
Baseline report.
Relative contribution (% share) of different seed sources to groundnut seed supply
• Tanzania – 92.9% Farmer saved seed – 3.4% Farmer to farmer – Balance: agro dealers, traders, local producers family
gifts • Malawi
– 53% Farmer saved seed – 16% purchased from local seed producer – 9% Farmer clubs – 8% Farmer to farmer – 7% inherited from family – Balance: gift and agro dealers
Adoption of groundnuts varieties in Malawi (%)
Crop variety
(awareness % of all farmers)
Ever Planted
(% of all h’holds)
Planted in 06/07
(% of all)
Groundnuts 55
CG 7 53 38 21
Chalimbana 84 69 37
Manipintar 11 9 2
Chalimbana 2005 9 8 5
Kalisere 5 5 2
Nsinjiro 3 3 1
Baka 3 2 0
Kakoma 2 1 1
Groundnut varieties Lack of access
Lack of cash to buy
Low yielding
CG 7 73 8 3
Kakoma 80 0 0
Chalimbana 2005 80 20 20
Chalimbana 51 10 18
Nsinjiro 100 0 0
Baka 67 11 0
Manipitar 64 18 0
Major reasons for never planting some groundnut varieties in Malawi
(% h’holds never planted)
Summary of bottlenecks
1. Lack of awareness 2. Lack of access to
seed
Approaches being tested
• Seed Production and delivery strategies for breeder and Foundations Seed
– Breeder seed at all Agric Research Stns – – Foundation seed thro Foundation seed farms
and contract growers vs Revolving Funds
• Initial production thro project funds but subsequently thro seed revolving fund
The ICRISAT Seed Revolving Fund Model
The bold black arrows indicate the flow of seed. The red arrows indicate the flow of cash in the system.
ICRISAT
Seed Stock
Seed Rev Fund
Seed Co
NGOs
Agrodealer
Farmers
Government of Malawi
Contract Growers
1
2
3 5
4
6
7 8
8 9
10
11
13 12
Scheme details • ICRISAT selects outgrowers and gives them seed on credit funded by the
Revolving Fund • At the end of the season the farmer sells the produced seed to ICRISAT • ICRISAT pays the farmer the contract price per kg of seed using the
money from the Revolving Fund • ICRISAT sells the seed to Seed companies and NGOs • The buyers of the seed pay to ICRISAT which replenishes the Revolving
Fund • NGOs give away seed to farmers in certain areas • Seed companies sell seed directly to farmers or, • Seed companies sell seed through agrodealers • The government provides farmers with vouchers to purchase seed under
the Subsidy Scheme • Farmers purchase seed from seed companies and pay using cash plus
the voucher (subsidy is partial) or, • Farmers purchase seed from agrodealers and pay using cash plus the
voucher • The agrodealer collects the redeemed vouchers and gives them to the
government who pays the value of the vouchers to the agrodealer • The seed company collects the redeemed vouchers and gives them to
the government who pays the value of the vouchers to the seed company
Production and Delivery Approaches cont
• Certified Seed through – Farmer Associations – FA (NASFAM; MW),
Farmer Cooperatives-FC (Tanzania) • Smallholder farmers linked to FA /FC are trained to
produce certified seed for NGOs with DoA support
• NGOs purchase for relief (10t CARE-MW)
• FA/FC purchase for their membership (40t TZ)
• Govt buys for subsidy programs (300t MW)
Production and Delivery Approaches cont
• Community / informal seed supply – Community seed banks; Farmers pay back seed loan
on post-harvest return in kind to the community (140t MVP MW, 12t CARE&NASFAM)
– Rural Community structures: FFS (80 TZ 134 MW), seed villages/churches(46 TZ, 50 MW),
– Farmer field days (19 MW/TZ ≥1000 farmers), Demos & PVS in each seed village/FFS and seed fairs involving 2500 farmers
Production and Delivery Approaches cont
• Seed marketing platforms – Farmer associations in Malawi under the umbrella of
NASFAM and Pvt Traders
– Farmer Marketing Groups in Tanzania under the umbrella of District Cooperatives in District Councils (support NGO efforts)
– Govt of Malawi thro registered dealers (seed co, seed associations, agro-dealers, private individuals for the subsidy program)
Capacity for sustainable supply of affordable quality seed
• Training in seed production and delivery strategies – 547 seed producers (Farmers and their supervising
officers), 57 technicians, 141 extension officers, 46 farmer research group leaders in MW and TZ
• Establish & train farmer marketing groups in Tanzania and Malawi – Three groups in TZ under Masasi and Nanyumbu
District Councils-DC (Mpeta, Mnanje B and Likokona) – 19 groups in Mchinji, 28 groups in Nkhotakhota under
NASFAM and 3 groups in Zomba under MVP in MW. – 134 FFS under CARE MW, 80 FFS under DC and
KIMAS in TZ trained on seed production & marketing
Capacity for affordable quality seed cont
• Produced groundnut seed production manual in Swahili (Tanzania)
• More than 15000 flyers for released varieties and their production practices in Swahili and Chichewa
• TV, Radio broadcasts, newspapers, live interviews a norm
• Degree training 1 MSc
Challenges Weather – Early cessation of rainfall Transport problems –Restricted mobility to
supervise/monitor seed production Food insecurity –used as food or sold it as
grain to meet other demands Low private investment- Small market size
of legume seeds Trained Manpower- Limited number of
research & seed technicians Seed production during off-season-
Irrigation system installation with most of the NARS still incomplete
Lessons learned
• Areas for seed production should target assured productive regions to lower seed costs
• Cumbersome seed certification procedures for gnuts is unnecessary discourages smallholders leading to high seed costs
• Whereas small seed packs is popular with new vars, for gnuts they should be at lease 1-2kg to be appreciated.
• New vars are a stimulant for adoption of Good Agron Practices hence the need for faster testing and release system
• Informal sector supplies signf proportion of legume seed. Its improved efficiency will have positive contribution to enhanced legume seed supply
Other Collaborating Projects
• Groundnut Breeding E/S Africa – (The McKnight Foundation)
• Malawi Food Security Program (CARE/ICRISAT) - EU
• Malawi Legumes Seed Development Program (IRISH AID)
• ICRISAT Seed Revolving Fund (USAID)
• Treasure Legumes – IFAD Project (Malawi and Tanzania)
Thank You