2.1b earth's interior and plate tectonics
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Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics
Beginning• The earth began as a
molten ball of liquid rocks and made up of randomly mixed materials.
• Over time the materials separated.
• Dense materials such as nickel and iron sank in the center of the earth and form the core.
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Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics
Beginning• Less dense
materials rose to the top and form the earth’s crust
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Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics
Beginning• As it cool it’s
crust, mantel and core developed
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Layers of the Earth
Inner Core
• Made up of Nickel and Iron• 1,228 KM thick• Solid due to high pressure
from the weight of the upper layers. The hottest layer.
Outer Core
• Made up of Nickel and Iron• 2,220 KM thick• Liquid. Due to the heat of the
inner core, Iron and Nickel melts and remain liquid.
Mantle
• Varied Minerals• 2,900 KM thick
Lower Mantle called Mesosphere
Middle Mantle called Asthenosphere
Upper Mantle called Lithosphere
Crust• Made up of Rocks/Minerals• 5 - 70 KM thick• Solid. As rocks and minerals
grew cold, they solidify.• Mesosphere is liquid• Asthenosphere is pyro-plastic• Lithosphere is solid
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Plate Tectonics
• Plate Tectonics – The theory that earth’s surface is made up of large moving plates
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Plate Tectonics
• Lithosphere – the thin outer shell of Earth, consisting of the crust and the rigid upper mantle.
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Plate Tectonics
• Athenosphere – The zone of the
mantle beneath the lithosphere
– consists of slowly flowing solid rock.
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Plate Tectonics
• Magma – molten rock within the earth.
• Heats up materials causing it to expand
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Plate Tectonics• Expanding
region of athenosphere pushes lithosphere upwards.
• This causes the lithosphere to crack.
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Two kinds of Plate Movements
• Divergent Movement
• Convergent Movement