21 renewable energies for the XXI century

by

Claude Turmes

MEP, Vice President of EUFORES

21 different renewable technologies

• Electricity production

• Heating and Cooling

• Fuel production

• Green Hydrogen

…for the XXIst Century!

• Electricity productionhydro power, biomass, wind, geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, energy from waves, energy from sea currents, energy from osmoses, upwind power stations, and others…

21 different renewable technologies

• Heating and Coolingpassive solar architecture, surplus low temperature energy from biomass co-generation, solar collectors for heating and cooling, geothermal (low temperature),

wood pellets, dried biomass from energy crops

21 different renewable technologies

• Fuel productionplant oil, bio diesel RME, ethanol, synthetic fuels from biomass

• Green Hydrogen?

21 different renewable technologies

Falling costs for wind energy

$700/kW

$1000/kW

$1500/kW offshore

6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9site mean wind speed at hub hight m/s

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

0,06

0,07

0,08

0,09

0,1

0,11

0,12N

ucle

ar

Coa

l

Gas

$/kW

h

Wind energy

Source: EREC, 2005 - European Renewable Energy Council (http://www.erec-renewables.org/)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

cost

($/

Wp

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

MW

sh

ipp

ed

Source: Solar Generation (Greenpeace – EPIA)

Falling costs for PV

Job creation in the renewable energy sector is substantial

• Investment replaces payments of oil, gas and coal imports

• 250.000 jobs already today

Proportion of labour force in the renewable energy sector by 2010

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

Belgium

Denmark

Germany

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Austria

Portugal

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

EU15

Advanced Renewable Strategy

Current Policies

Source: EC Mitre study, (http://mitre.energyprojects.net/)

EU has strong wind energy potential – onshore and offshore

Source: Shell Renewables, EP 09/05

Global wave power distribution

Annual average wave energy flux per unit width of wave crest (kilowatts per m)

Source: AquaEnergy Development UK, EP 09/05

The share of renewables can grow from

8% in 2005 ►►►20-25% until 2020

• As illustrated in different studies ( European Commission Forres 2020; Greenpeace Energy revolution, 2005)

• As called for by a large majority vote in the EP on 28th September 2005

Multiple benefits of renewables

• Reduce environmental stress (CO2, air pollution, no nuclear risk)

• Enhance security of supply (ease import dependency, reduce volatility of energy prices like oil)

• Create jobs (250.000 today, big potential for rural areas)

• Increase competitiveness of EU economy (commercial balance, EU world leader in renewables)

Systemic approach to energy policies

• Promote Energy Intelligent end usesdemand policies are as important as supply policies

• Appropriate energy densities for heating & coolinglow density energies like exceeding energy from electricity production or low temperature uses from low temperature to be preferred before electricity and gas

• As local renewables as possiblelocal energy production reduces losses in transmission and transportation and strengthens local economies

Heating and Cooling: a major marketfor renewable energies

• Intelligent buildings as a precondition – 40 % of EU energy use is heating and cooling

• Biomass/geothermal based cogeneration as a tool for large scale penetration of renewables

• Wood pellets: oil from EU forests

• Solar thermal: the next success story

. Solar cooling: a must for Southern Europe

Intelligent buildings as a precondition:– 40 % of EU energy use in heating and

cooling

Source: O.Ö. Energiesparverband (http://www.esv.or.at)

Solar-supported, integrated eco-efficient renovationof large residential buildings and heat-supply-

systems

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Before SOLANOVA

kWh

/m2a

Renewable Energy

Fossile Energy

-84%

Source: Project Solanova, presentation EP 2005

Heating and cooling: new political initiatives

• Broaden existing EU building directive • Introduce gradually raising building codes for new

buildings• New heating and cooling directive with a 2020 target• R&D technology platform on integrating decentralised

renewables and insulation of buildings• 2020 targets for CHP (under existing directive)• Stop subsidies for coal and gas heating and phase out

electricity based heating and cooling• EU energy Marshall plan for building sector (EIB,

structural funds)

Green electricity: 30% and more are possible until 2020

• Energy intelligent appliances and electronics as a precondition for high shares of renewables

• Wind: a European success story• Ocean energy: the next European success story• Solar Thermal electricity: a brake-through soon!• Decentralised Green electricity: more than PV

Electricity: fair market conditions for renewables

• Choose stable support schemes• Garantie fair access to grid • Garantie that integration of renewables into the

grid is a priority for grid operators and that costs are socialised to all consumers (see historical precedent)

• Stop market distorsions in favour of coal (C02 allocations) and nuclear (EURATOM, decommissioning funds)

• Stop market dominance of big and dirty operators

Ownership-Market Concentration

Renewable electricity: new political initiatives

• Commission has to enforce the existing directive • Fix new targets for Green electricity in 2020• Combine labelling of electricity with public procurement• get new state aid rules right• Re-Regulate electricity market by a third set of directives

(ownership unbundling, segregated decommissioning funds, diminution of market power)

• Insure a comprehensive gas policy (reducing gas from building sector, combine gas and wind over next 20 years)

• Coordinate North Sea offshore project between the relevant countries

Administrative and grid barriersAdministrative and grid barriers

Administrative

DK, FI, DE, IE, ES, SE, LT

AT, BE, UK, NL, EE

FR, GR, PT, CZ, PL, SK, HU, LV, SI

Grid DK, FI, DE, ES, SE, NL, LT, CZ, SK, LV

AT, BE, UK, HU

FR, GR, IE, PT, PL, EE, SI

Source: European Commission - DG TREN, 2005

Comparison of Energy and Nuclear Research and Development Budgets

1336978

1352 4753

10761042

890 2951

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

4th FP 5th FP 6th FP 7th FP (proposed)

Other Energy

Nuclear

Source: Cordis and European Commission

Transport: No easy solutions out of the actual crises

• Stands for 70% of EU oil use & is the fastest growing emittor of climate related gases

• Efficiency is far lower than in other sectors– Heating sector: 90%– Electricity sector: 40%– Transport sector: 10-12%

• There are no magic solutions (hydrogen, bio-fuels) but only a fundamental change in transport structure and behaviour

Raising the transport efficiency

• Aviation: the impossible equation

• Goods transport: the Swiss model

• Urban spurl and transportation needs

• Efficiency standards for cars (60gr CO2/km)

Impact of urban densities on transport energy demand

Zusammenhang zwischenVerkehrsaufwand und Dichte

Urbane Strukturenüber Jahrtausende Dichte Einwohner/ha

En

ergie

ver

bra

uch

je

Ein

woh

ner

Source: Prof. Dr. Hermann Knoflacher –Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrstechnik, Technische Universität Wien

Source: Pew Center on Global Climate Change

Biomass: the sleeping giant• Huge potential for biomass use in Europe• Window of opportunity because of CAP

reform• Priority should be electricity sector not

transport sector• Bio-fuel strategy has to be assessed on a

well to wheel bases • Second generation of bio fuels more

promising!

New initiatives in the transport sector

• Full pricing of air transport• Swiss model for EU goods transport• Fuel standards for new cars (60 g/km in 2020)• Marshall plan on urban transport (EIB, structural

funds)• Reshape existing bio fuel directive• Tax relief for bio fuels until 2020• R&D on second generation of bio fuel

The XXI century: the Renewables century

• We have the technologies

• We have the organisational skills

• We have the financial resources

We are in need of a stable investment climate – responsible politicians should

ACT NOW!