21 october/octobre 2020 communique · 2020. 10. 20. · 21 october/octobre 2020 communique pr/cp(20...

21 October/Octobre 2020 COMMUNIQUE PR/CP(2020)104

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Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2020)

NATO collects defence expenditure data from Allies on a regular basis and presents aggregates and subsets of this information. Each Ally’s Ministry of Defence reports current and estimated future defence expenditure according to an agreed definition of defence expenditure. The amounts represent payments by a national government actually made, or to be made, during the course of the fiscal year to meet the needs of its armed forces, those of Allies or of the Alliance. In the figures and tables that follow, NATO also uses economic and demographic information available from the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission (DG-ECFIN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

In view of differences between both these sources and national GDP forecasts, and also the definition of NATO defence expenditure and national definitions, the figures shown in this report may diverge considerably from those which are quoted by media, published by national authorities or given in national budgets. Equipment expenditure includes expenditure on major equipment as well as on research and development devoted to major equipment. Personnel expenditure includes pensions paid to retirees.

The cut-off date for information used in this report was 5 October 2020. Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates.

-2-

Graph 1 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure

(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)

Graph 2 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and equipment

expenditure as a share of defence expenditure 2020e

Notes: Figures for 2020 are estimates.

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017,

and from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.

-1.2 -1.0

1.7

2.9

6.0

4.33.7

4.3

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

%

ALB

BEL

BGRCAN

HRV

CZE

DNK

EST

FRA

DEU

GRC

HUN

ITALVALTU

LUX

MNE

NLD

NMK

NOR

POL

PRT

ROU

SVK

SVN

ESP

TUR

GBR

USA

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00

Eq

uip

men

t ex

pen

dit

ure

as

% o

f d

efe

nce e

xp

en

dit

ure

Defence expenditure as % of GDP

%

%

NATO guideline 2%

NATO guideline 20%

Median 22.95%

Median 1.86%

-3-

Graph 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP (%)

(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)

Graph 4 : Equipment expenditure as a share of defence expenditure (%)

(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)



3.87

2.582.43 2.38 2.38

2.32 2.30 2.282.11 2.03 1.93 1.91 1.91 1.87 1.86

1.631.57 1.48 1.47 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.43

1.33 1.27 1.20 1.161.10

0.64

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2014 2020e

%

NATO guideline 2%

37.536.9

33.6

29.2 28.9 28.8

26.5 26.2 26.0 25.7 25.624.6

23.2 23.2 23.0 22.4

19.3 19.0

17.4 17.3 16.8 16.7 16.6

15.1

12.1 11.410.4

9.5 8.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2014 2020e

%

NATO guideline 20%

-4-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. Includes enlargements which took place in: 1999 (3 Allies), 2004 (7 Allies), 2009 (2 Allies), 2017 (1 Ally) and 2020 (1

Ally).

Graph 6 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)

Graph 5 : Defence expenditure

(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June

2017, and from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

e

2020e

+ BGR, EST, LVA, LTU, ROU, SVK, SVN

+ CZE, HUN, POL

+ BGR, EST, LVA, LTU, ROU, SVK, SVN

+ ALB, HRV + MNE

+ NMK

NATO Europe and Canada

696 660 641 651 626 640702 717

253250 254 262 277 289

300 313

949910 896 913 904

930

1,0021,030

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

United States NATO Europe and Canada

Graph 7 : Main categories of defence expenditure (%)(percentage of total defence expenditure)

2020e

-5-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards

includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.

Graph 8 : NATO Europe and Canada - major equipment expenditure(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)

%

59.662.6

56.0

47.4

71.7

50.345.4

34.3

44.241.9

75.6

36.5

62.2

37.0

44.5

27.3

59.2

48.5

62.6

34.2

47.0

65.4

53.149.1

66.5

52.547.3

34.037.4

22.3

25.4

17.931.5

17.2

25.229.8

40.5

26.437.6

11.1

26.8

11.6

29.1

24.4

24.2

13.5

25.1

23.2

30.1

22.2

17.8

16.419.9

22.9

23.1

12.8 41.432.0

2.9

1.6

6.9

3.7

1.7

7.8

2.47.9

2.9

3.7

1.3

3.1

1.7

7.94.9

11.0

8.33.3

2.7

7.0

5.1

0.2

4.92.2

1.8

1.2

3.1

1.7

1.3

15.110.4

19.3 17.4

9.5

16.722.4

17.3

26.5

16.812.1

33.6

24.6 26.0 26.2

37.5

19.023.2

11.4

28.825.7

16.6

25.628.9

8.7

23.2

36.9

23.0

29.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ALB BEL BGR CAN HRV CZE DNK EST FRA DEU GRC HUN ITA LVA LTU LUX MNE NLD NMK NOR POL PRT ROU SVK SVN ESP TUR GBR USA

Personnel Operations & maintenance and other expenditures Infrastructure Major equipment, including related R&D

3.7

12.8

10.3 10.3 10.3

0

4

8

12

16

2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

%

Table 1 : Defence expenditure

Million national currency units

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Current prices

Albania (Leks) 19,022 18,788 16,671 16,250 17,199 18,995 21,670 24,109

Belgium (Euros) 3,964 3,913 3,789 3,848 3,932 4,101 4,253 4,755

Bulgaria (Leva) 1,196 1,102 1,116 1,186 1,255 1,593 3,771 2,140

Canada (Canadian dollars) 18,764 20,076 23,900 23,474 30,761 29,025 29,612 30,815

Croatia (Kunas) 4,848 6,113 6,057 5,696 6,120 6,068 6,634 6,845

Czech Republic (Koruny) 42,035 41,003 47,264 45,598 52,805 59,752 66,737 75,488

Denmark (Kroner) 23,682 22,769 22,633 24,190 24,961 28,787 30,389 32,395

Estonia (Euros) 361 386 418 450 479 521 569 615

France (Euros) 39,402 39,149 39,199 39,950 40,852 42,748 44,337 46,185

Germany (Euros) 34,593 34,749 35,898 37,598 40,265 42,127 46,936 51,541

Greece (Euros) 3,999 3,939 4,073 4,190 4,208 4,560 4,326 4,398

Hungary (Forint) 286,341 281,402 316,338 362,798 468,765 436,500 596,008 588,391

Italy (Euros) 20,078 18,427 17,642 20,226 21,166 21,702 21,042 22,844

Latvia* (Euros) 212 221 254 364 430 601 618 664

Lithuania* (Euros) 267 322 425 575 724 895 977 1,027

Luxembourg (Euros) 176 190 225 213 288 301 341 388

Montenegro (Euros) 49 52 51 56 58 64 69 90

Netherlands (Euros) 7,702 7,788 7,816 8,234 8,539 9,456 10,959 11,091

North Macedonia (Denars) 5,871 5,743 5,853 5,770 5,532 6,232 8,029 8,543

Norway (Kroner) 46,057 48,660 49,529 54,022 56,664 61,349 66,127 66,993

Poland* (Zlotys) 28,467 31,874 39,940 37,082 37,558 42,824 45,778 49,731

Portugal (Euros) 2,457 2,263 2,384 2,364 2,424 2,750 2,946 3,191

Romania* (New Lei) 8,160 9,014 10,337 10,738 14,765 17,183 19,527 24,299

Slovak Republic (Euros) 729 752 889 907 935 1,098 1,610 1,612

Slovenia (Euros) 382 366 361 406 422 463 512 537

Spain (Euros) 9,495 9,508 10,000 9,014 10,528 11,172 11,281 12,932

Turkey (Liras) 27,466 29,727 32,522 38,203 47,323 68,300 79,356 88,964

United Kingdom (Pounds) 39,824 39,902 38,940 41,590 43,257 45,202 46,509 48,371

United States (US dollars) 680,856 653,942 641,253 656,059 642,933 672,255 730,149 784,952

Constant 2015 prices

Albania (Leks) 19,426 18,894 16,671 16,354 17,061 18,590 21,065 22,851

Belgium (Euros) 4,057 3,966 3,789 3,782 3,800 3,903 3,986 4,434

Bulgaria (Leva) 1,230 1,128 1,116 1,156 1,177 1,437 3,250 1,836

Canada (Canadian dollars) 18,962 19,900 23,900 23,299 29,798 27,616 27,646 28,616

Croatia (Kunas) 4,859 6,118 6,057 5,701 6,056 5,900 6,355 6,509

Czech Republic (Koruny) 43,580 41,481 47,264 45,029 51,408 56,723 61,197 66,985

Denmark (Kroner) 24,031 22,868 22,633 24,130 24,619 28,155 29,435 31,170

Estonia (Euros) 375 389 418 442 454 472 500 537

France (Euros) 40,082 39,595 39,199 39,745 40,429 41,907 42,937 43,998

Germany (Euros) 35,850 35,351 35,898 37,160 39,382 40,588 44,274 47,695

Greece (Euros) 3,912 3,925 4,073 4,200 4,193 4,519 4,303 4,430

Hungary (Forint) 304,203 288,339 316,338 358,977 447,963 399,195 521,498 500,982

Italy (Euros) 20,771 18,734 17,642 19,769 20,511 21,115 20,287 21,901

Latvia* (Euros) 216 221 254 361 414 556 558 587

Lithuania* (Euros) 270 322 425 565 683 817 867 901

Luxembourg (Euros) 181 191 225 212 281 287 313 352

Montenegro (Euros) 51 53 51 54 53 57 60 77

Netherlands (Euros) 7,780 7,796 7,816 8,162 8,340 9,041 10,336 10,329

North Macedonia (Denars) 6,075 5,858 5,853 5,577 5,201 5,653 7,114 7,563

Norway (Kroner) 44,872 47,271 49,529 54,831 55,326 56,626 61,420 62,885

Poland* (Zlotys) 28,829 32,120 39,940 36,967 36,759 41,527 43,176 45,526

Portugal (Euros) 2,524 2,309 2,384 2,324 2,348 2,621 2,761 2,941

Romania* (New Lei) 8,519 9,249 10,337 10,481 13,767 15,072 16,020 19,481

Slovak Republic (Euros) 726 750 889 912 928 1,069 1,526 1,504

Slovenia (Euros) 387 370 361 403 413 442 477 497

Spain (Euros) 9,525 9,560 10,000 8,985 10,351 10,866 10,801 12,289

Turkey (Liras) 31,814 32,054 32,522 35,341 39,454 48,903 49,873 49,002

United Kingdom (Pounds) 40,787 40,134 38,940 40,718 41,565 42,525 42,957 44,009

United States (US dollars) 696,291 660,062 641,253 651,201 626,328 640,277 701,563 716,886

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates.

-6-

* These Allies have national laws and political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently estimates are expected to change accordingly.

For the past years, Allies' defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures (In 2018,

Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures).

Table 2 : Defence expenditure

Million US dollars

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Current prices and exchange rates

Albania 180 178 132 131 144 176 197 210

Belgium 5,265 5,199 4,204 4,259 4,442 4,843 4,761 5,173

Bulgaria 811 747 633 671 723 961 2,158 1,195

Canada 18,215 18,172 18,689 17,708 23,700 22,399 22,319 22,150

Croatia 850 1,064 883 837 924 966 1,002 986

Czech Republic 2,148 1,975 1,921 1,866 2,259 2,750 2,910 3,038

Denmark 4,217 4,057 3,364 3,593 3,780 4,559 4,557 4,718

Estonia 480 513 463 498 541 615 637 669

France 52,331 52,009 43,492 44,221 46,150 50,484 49,634 50,247

Germany 45,944 46,164 39,829 41,618 45,486 49,750 52,543 56,074

Greece 5,311 5,232 4,519 4,638 4,754 5,386 4,843 4,785

Hungary 1,280 1,210 1,132 1,289 1,708 1,615 2,051 1,829

Italy 26,665 24,481 19,574 22,388 23,911 25,629 23,556 24,853

Latvia* 281 294 282 403 485 709 692 722

Lithuania* 355 428 471 636 818 1,056 1,093 1,118

Luxembourg 234 253 250 236 326 356 381 422

Montenegro 65 69 57 62 65 76 77 97

Netherlands 10,229 10,346 8,672 9,114 9,646 11,167 12,268 12,067

North Macedonia 127 124 105 104 101 120 146 151

Norway 7,839 7,722 6,142 6,431 6,850 7,544 7,514 6,671

Poland* 9,007 10,104 10,596 9,405 9,938 11,857 11,923 12,043

Portugal 3,263 3,007 2,645 2,616 2,739 3,247 3,298 3,472

Romania* 2,452 2,691 2,581 2,645 3,643 4,359 4,608 5,498

Slovak Republic 969 998 987 1,004 1,056 1,297 1,802 1,753

Slovenia 507 487 401 450 477 546 573 584

Spain 12,610 12,631 11,095 9,978 11,893 13,194 12,629 14,069

Turkey 14,427 13,583 11,957 12,649 12,972 14,145 13,986 13,303

United Kingdom 62,258 65,658 59,492 56,154 55,674 60,307 59,365 59,634

United States 680,856 653,942 641,253 656,059 642,933 672,255 730,149 784,952

NATO Europe and Canada 288,129 289,203 254,406 255,439 275,106 299,995 301,378 307,530

NATO Total 968,985 943,145 895,659 911,498 918,039 972,250 1,031,527 1,092,482

Constant 2015 prices and exchange rates

Albania 154 150 132 130 135 148 167 181

Belgium 4,501 4,400 4,204 4,196 4,216 4,330 4,423 4,919

Bulgaria 697 640 633 655 667 814 1,842 1,040

Canada 14,828 15,562 18,689 18,219 23,302 21,595 21,619 22,377

Croatia 708 892 883 831 883 860 927 949

Czech Republic 1,772 1,686 1,921 1,831 2,090 2,306 2,488 2,723

Denmark 3,572 3,399 3,364 3,587 3,659 4,185 4,375 4,633

Estonia 417 432 463 491 504 524 555 596

France 44,471 43,931 43,492 44,097 44,857 46,496 47,639 48,817

Germany 39,776 39,222 39,829 41,230 43,695 45,033 49,123 52,918

Greece 4,340 4,355 4,519 4,660 4,653 5,014 4,774 4,915

Hungary 1,089 1,032 1,132 1,285 1,604 1,429 1,867 1,793

Italy 23,046 20,786 19,574 21,934 22,757 23,427 22,509 24,299

Latvia* 239 245 282 401 459 617 619 651

Lithuania* 300 357 471 627 758 907 962 1,000

Luxembourg 201 212 250 235 312 318 348 391

Montenegro 56 59 57 59 59 63 67 86

Netherlands 8,633 8,649 8,672 9,056 9,253 10,031 11,468 11,460

North Macedonia 109 105 105 100 94 102 128 136

Norway 5,564 5,862 6,142 6,799 6,861 7,022 7,616 7,798

Poland* 7,648 8,521 10,596 9,807 9,752 11,016 11,454 12,077

Portugal 2,800 2,562 2,645 2,578 2,605 2,908 3,064 3,263

Romania* 2,127 2,309 2,581 2,617 3,437 3,763 3,999 4,863

Slovak Republic 806 832 987 1,012 1,030 1,186 1,693 1,668

Slovenia 430 411 401 447 458 491 530 552

Spain 10,568 10,607 11,095 9,969 11,485 12,056 11,984 13,635

Turkey 11,696 11,784 11,957 12,993 14,505 17,979 18,336 18,015

United Kingdom 62,313 61,316 59,492 62,208 63,503 64,969 65,629 67,236

United States 696,291 660,062 641,253 651,201 626,328 640,277 701,563 716,886


NATO Total 948,988 910,215 895,659 913,096 903,825 929,765 1,001,638 1,029,880

-7-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5

June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.




Table 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and annual real change

Based on 2015 prices

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Share of real GDP (%)

Albania 1.41 1.35 1.16 1.10 1.11 1.16 1.29 1.47

Belgium 1.01 0.97 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.90 1.10

Bulgaria 1.46 1.31 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.45 3.18 1.93

Canada 0.99 1.01 1.20 1.16 1.44 1.31 1.29 1.45

Croatia 1.46 1.85 1.78 1.62 1.67 1.58 1.66 1.87

Czech Republic 1.03 0.95 1.03 0.96 1.04 1.12 1.18 1.43

Denmark 1.23 1.15 1.11 1.15 1.15 1.28 1.31 1.47

Estonia 1.90 1.92 2.01 2.07 2.02 2.00 2.03 2.38

France 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.79 1.78 1.81 1.83 2.11

Germany 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.24 1.26 1.36 1.57

Greece 2.21 2.20 2.30 2.37 2.34 2.47 2.31 2.58

Hungary 0.95 0.86 0.91 1.01 1.21 1.02 1.27 1.33

Italy 1.26 1.14 1.07 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.18 1.43

Latvia* 0.93 0.93 1.04 1.45 1.60 2.07 2.03 2.32

Lithuania* 0.76 0.88 1.14 1.48 1.71 1.98 2.02 2.28

Luxembourg 0.38 0.38 0.43 0.39 0.51 0.50 0.54 0.64

Montenegro 1.47 1.50 1.40 1.42 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.91

Netherlands 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.16 1.15 1.21 1.36 1.48

North Macedonia 1.17 1.09 1.05 0.97 0.89 0.95 1.15 1.27

Norway 1.50 1.55 1.59 1.74 1.72 1.74 1.86 2.03

Poland* 1.72 1.85 2.22 1.99 1.89 2.02 2.02 2.30

Portugal 1.44 1.31 1.33 1.27 1.24 1.35 1.39 1.63

Romania* 1.28 1.35 1.45 1.40 1.72 1.80 1.84 2.38

Slovak Republic 0.98 0.99 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.23 1.71 1.86

Slovenia 1.05 0.97 0.93 1.01 0.98 1.01 1.07 1.20

Spain 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.81 0.91 0.93 0.91 1.16

Turkey 1.52 1.45 1.39 1.46 1.52 1.83 1.85 1.91

United Kingdom 2.23 2.14 2.03 2.08 2.09 2.11 2.10 2.43

United States 4.03 3.73 3.52 3.52 3.30 3.28 3.51 3.87

NATO Europe and Canada 1.47 1.43 1.42 1.44 1.48 1.52 1.55 1.78

NATO Total 2.76 2.58 2.48 2.49 2.40 2.41 2.55 2.85

Annual real change (%)

Albania -4.30 -2.74 -11.76 -1.90 4.32 8.96 13.32 8.48

Belgium -2.70 -2.25 -4.45 -0.19 0.47 2.71 2.15 11.22

Bulgaria 9.50 -8.29 -1.07 3.59 1.80 22.05 126.21 -43.52

Canada -7.68 4.95 20.10 -2.52 27.90 -7.33 0.11 3.51

Croatia -4.89 25.92 -0.99 -5.88 6.22 -2.58 7.72 2.43

Czech Republic -3.13 -4.81 13.94 -4.73 14.17 10.34 7.89 9.46

Denmark -8.37 -4.84 -1.03 6.62 2.02 14.37 4.55 5.89

Estonia 2.08 3.70 7.26 5.88 2.71 3.94 5.88 7.49

France -0.02 -1.21 -1.00 1.39 1.72 3.65 2.46 2.47

Germany -6.20 -1.39 1.55 3.52 5.98 3.06 9.08 7.73

Greece -6.59 0.33 3.77 3.12 -0.16 7.78 -4.80 2.96

Hungary -6.54 -5.21 9.71 13.48 24.79 -10.89 30.64 -3.93

Italy -5.09 -9.81 -5.83 12.05 3.75 2.94 -3.92 7.96

Latvia* 7.95 2.53 14.79 42.30 14.58 34.43 0.31 5.22

Lithuania* 4.65 19.28 31.92 33.08 20.83 19.62 6.05 4.00

Luxembourg 3.71 5.28 17.95 -5.88 32.93 1.85 9.39 12.32

Montenegro -8.44 4.49 -3.50 4.33 -0.77 7.60 5.46 27.90

Netherlands -5.98 0.19 0.26 4.43 2.17 8.41 14.33 -0.07

North Macedonia -1.96 -3.58 -0.09 -4.71 -6.75 8.69 25.86 6.30

Norway 8.06 5.35 4.78 10.70 0.90 2.35 8.47 2.39

Poland* 0.07 11.41 24.35 -7.44 -0.56 12.97 3.97 5.44

Portugal 1.53 -8.52 3.25 -2.51 1.03 11.65 5.34 6.49

Romania* 8.39 8.57 11.76 1.39 31.35 9.48 6.29 21.60

Slovak Republic -8.62 3.25 18.61 2.50 1.80 15.17 42.77 -1.47

Slovenia -11.19 -4.42 -2.37 11.56 2.33 7.19 7.98 4.19

Spain -12.66 0.36 4.60 -10.15 15.21 4.97 -0.59 13.77

Turkey 3.56 0.75 1.46 8.67 11.64 23.95 1.98 -1.75

United Kingdom 6.89 -1.60 -2.97 4.57 2.08 2.31 1.02 2.45

United States -6.04 -5.20 -2.85 1.55 -3.82 2.23 9.57 2.18

NATO Europe and Canada -1.21 -1.01 1.70 2.94 5.96 4.32 3.66 4.30

NATO Total -4.80 -4.09 -1.60 1.95 -1.02 2.87 7.73 2.82

-8-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5

June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.




Table 4 : Defence expenditure real change 2014-2020

Million US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)

2014 2020e

Real change 2014-

2020e (%)

Share of real GDP

2014 (%)

Share of real GDP

2020 (%)

Albania 150 181 20.94 1.35 1.47

Belgium 4,400 4,919 11.80 0.97 1.10

Bulgaria 640 1,040 62.66 1.31 1.93

Canada 15,562 22,377 43.80 1.01 1.45

Croatia 892 949 6.39 1.85 1.87

Czech Republic 1,686 2,723 61.48 0.95 1.43

Denmark 3,399 4,633 36.31 1.15 1.47

Estonia 432 596 37.98 1.92 2.38

France 43,931 48,817 11.12 1.82 2.11

Germany 39,222 52,918 34.92 1.19 1.57

Greece 4,355 4,915 12.87 2.20 2.58

Hungary 1,032 1,793 73.75 0.86 1.33

Italy 20,786 24,299 16.90 1.14 1.43

Latvia 245 651 165.55 0.93 2.32

Lithuania 357 1,000 179.88 0.88 2.28

Luxembourg 212 391 84.67 0.38 0.64

Montenegro 59 86 44.98 1.50 1.91

Netherlands 8,649 11,460 32.49 1.15 1.48

North Macedonia 105 136 29.10 1.09 1.27

Norway 5,862 7,798 33.03 1.55 2.03

Poland 8,521 12,077 41.74 1.85 2.30

Portugal 2,562 3,263 27.36 1.31 1.63

Romania 2,309 4,863 110.62 1.35 2.38

Slovak Republic 832 1,668 100.53 0.99 1.86

Slovenia 411 552 34.40 0.97 1.20

Spain 10,607 13,635 28.55 0.92 1.16

Turkey 11,784 18,015 52.87 1.45 1.91

United Kingdom 61,316 67,236 9.65 2.14 2.43

United States 660,062 716,886 8.61 3.73 3.87

-9-


Table 5 : Real GDP

Billion US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Albania 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 12

Belgium 446 453 462 469 478 485 492 448

Bulgaria 48 49 51 53 54 56 58 54

Canada 1,503 1,546 1,557 1,572 1,622 1,655 1,682 1,548

Croatia 48 48 50 51 53 54 56 51

Czech Republic 173 177 187 191 200 206 211 191

Denmark 291 296 303 313 319 326 334 315

Estonia 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 25

France 2,391 2,414 2,439 2,464 2,524 2,570 2,608 2,311

Germany 3,238 3,309 3,358 3,431 3,525 3,580 3,601 3,364

Greece 196 198 197 196 199 203 207 190

Hungary 115 120 124 127 133 140 147 135

Iceland 16 17 17 19 19 20 21 18

Italy 1,822 1,823 1,835 1,861 1,893 1,906 1,912 1,696

Latvia 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 28

Lithuania 39 41 41 42 44 46 48 44

Luxembourg 53 55 58 60 61 63 65 61

Montenegro 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4

Netherlands 740 751 766 782 806 826 841 773

North Macedonia 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11

Norway 371 378 386 390 399 404 409 384

Poland 445 460 478 492 517 544 567 525

Portugal 194 196 199 203 211 216 221 200

Romania 166 171 178 186 200 209 217 204

Slovak Republic 82 84 88 90 93 97 99 90

Slovenia 41 42 43 44 47 49 50 46

Spain 1,136 1,151 1,196 1,232 1,267 1,297 1,323 1,176

Turkey 771 810 860 887 953 980 989 942

United Kingdom 2,788 2,861 2,929 2,985 3,041 3,082 3,125 2,766

United States 17,273 17,710 18,225 18,523 18,962 19,517 19,973 18,514


NATO Total 34,446 35,222 36,087 36,729 37,692 38,605 39,329 36,125

-10-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became

an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.

Table 6 : GDP per capita and defence expenditure per capita

2015 prices and exchange rates

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

GDP per capita (thousand US dollars)

Albania 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3

Belgium 40.0 40.4 41.0 41.4 42.0 42.5 42.8 38.8

Bulgaria 6.6 6.7 7.1 7.4 7.7 8.0 8.3 7.8

Canada 42.9 43.7 43.6 43.6 44.4 44.7 45.1 41.2

Croatia 11.4 11.4 11.8 12.3 12.8 13.3 13.7 12.5

Czech Republic 16.4 16.9 17.7 18.1 18.9 19.4 19.8 17.8

Denmark 51.9 52.4 53.3 54.5 55.3 56.4 57.4 53.9

Estonia 16.6 17.1 17.5 18.0 19.0 19.8 20.6 18.8

France 36.2 36.4 36.6 36.9 37.6 38.2 38.9 34.4

Germany 40.1 40.9 41.1 41.7 42.7 43.2 43.3 40.4

Greece 17.9 18.1 18.2 18.2 18.5 18.9 19.3 17.9

Hungary 11.6 12.2 12.6 13.0 13.6 14.3 15.0 13.8

Iceland 50.2 50.7 52.6 55.3 56.4 57.1 56.9 50.3

Italy 30.0 30.0 30.2 30.7 31.3 31.5 31.7 28.1

Latvia 12.8 13.2 13.7 14.1 14.7 15.5 15.9 14.7

Lithuania 13.3 13.8 14.3 14.8 15.7 16.4 17.1 15.7

Luxembourg 97.3 99.1 101.4 103.4 103.0 104.1 104.4 95.9

Montenegro 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.7 7.2

Netherlands 44.1 44.5 45.2 45.9 47.0 47.9 48.5 44.2

North Macedonia 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.1

Norway 73.0 73.7 74.3 74.5 75.6 76.1 76.3 71.2

Poland 11.6 12.0 12.4 12.8 13.4 14.2 14.8 13.7

Portugal 18.6 18.8 19.3 19.7 20.4 21.0 21.5 19.5

Romania 8.3 8.6 9.0 9.5 10.2 10.7 11.2 10.6

Slovak Republic 15.2 15.6 16.3 16.6 17.1 17.8 18.2 16.5

Slovenia 19.9 20.5 20.9 21.5 22.6 23.4 23.8 21.9

Spain 24.4 24.8 25.8 26.5 27.2 27.8 28.1 24.9

Turkey 10.1 10.5 11.0 11.2 11.9 12.0 12.0 11.3

United Kingdom 43.5 44.3 45.0 45.5 46.1 46.4 46.8 41.2

United States 54.6 55.6 56.8 57.3 58.3 59.7 60.8 55.9

NATO Europe and Canada 28.8 29.2 29.7 30.1 30.8 31.3 31.6 28.6

NATO Total 37.7 38.4 39.1 39.6 40.4 41.2 41.8 38.1

Defence expenditure per capita (US dollars)

Albania 53 52 46 45 47 51 58 64

Belgium 403 393 373 370 371 379 385 426

Bulgaria 96 89 88 92 94 116 263 150

Canada 423 440 524 505 639 584 580 595

Croatia 167 211 210 199 214 210 228 234

Czech Republic 169 160 182 173 197 217 233 254

Denmark 636 602 592 626 635 722 752 793

Estonia 316 328 353 373 383 397 419 449

France 674 662 653 660 669 691 710 726

Germany 493 484 488 501 529 543 591 636

Greece 396 400 418 432 433 467 446 461

Hungary 110 105 115 131 164 146 191 184

Italy 380 342 322 362 376 387 373 403

Latvia 119 123 142 204 236 320 323 341

Lithuania 101 122 162 219 268 324 344 358

Luxembourg 368 379 438 402 523 522 560 618

Montenegro 91 95 92 95 95 102 108 137

Netherlands 514 513 512 532 540 582 661 656

North Macedonia 53 51 51 48 45 49 62 65

Norway 1,095 1,141 1,183 1,299 1,300 1,321 1,422 1,444

Poland 199 221 276 255 254 287 298 315

Portugal 268 246 255 250 253 283 298 318

Romania 106 116 130 133 175 193 206 252

Slovak Republic 149 154 182 186 189 218 311 306

Slovenia 209 199 194 217 222 237 254 263

Spain 227 228 239 215 247 258 254 289

Turkey 154 153 153 164 181 221 222 215

United Kingdom 972 949 914 948 962 978 982 1,001

United States 2,201 2,072 1,998 2,015 1,926 1,958 2,135 2,166

NATO Europe and Canada 423 417 422 433 457 474 490 507

NATO Total 1,039 991 970 984 969 992 1,064 1,087

-11-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an

Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.

Table 7 : Military personnel

Thousands

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Albania 6.8 6.7 6.2 5.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7

Belgium 30.7 30.5 29.7 28.8 27.8 26.5 25.5 25.2

Bulgaria 28.0 27.5 24.9 24.7 24.3 24.4 24.6 25.6

Canada 67.5 65.9 70.3 70.5 68.2 70.3 69.4 71.0

Croatia 15.8 15.4 15.1 14.8 14.8 15.0 15.1 15.2

Czech Republic 19.8 20.2 21.5 22.7 23.8 24.7 25.0 26.8

Denmark 18.1 16.9 17.2 17.3 16.7 17.2 18.0 18.1

Estonia 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6

France 213.1 207.0 204.8 208.1 208.2 208.2 207.8 208.0

Germany 184.0 178.8 177.2 177.9 179.8 181.5 182.0 186.9

Greece 110.4 107.3 104.4 106.0 106.9 109.2 107.1 107.6

Hungary 18.1 17.5 17.4 17.9 18.7 19.9 23.0 22.7

Italy 188.9 183.5 178.4 176.3 174.6 174.1 176.4 175.5

Latvia 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.4 7.0

Lithuania 8.4 8.6 11.8 11.8 13.5 14.3 14.9 16.3

Luxembourg 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Montenegro 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.1

Netherlands 42.2 41.2 40.6 40.0 39.5 39.3 39.7 40.0

North Macedonia 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.1

Norway 19.9 21.0 20.9 20.5 20.2 20.2 20.7 20.8

Poland 100.0 99.0 98.9 101.6 105.3 109.5 113.1 120.0

Portugal 32.7 30.7 28.3 29.8 27.8 26.9 28.6 28.7

Romania 66.2 65.1 64.5 63.4 64.0 64.0 64.5 ..

Slovak Republic 12.3 12.4 12.4 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.9

Slovenia 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.0 7.0

Spain 121.8 121.8 121.6 121.0 117.7 117.4 121.0 122.5

Turkey 426.6 426.6 384.8 359.3 416.7 444.3 444.8 437.2

United Kingdom 179.4 168.7 141.4 139.5 149.4 146.6 144.4 156.2

United States 1,382.3 1,338.2 1,314.1 1,301.4 1,305.9 1,317.4 1,339.0 1,346.0

NATO Europe and Canada 1,930 1,891 1,811 1,788 1,857 1,893 1,906 ..

NATO Total 3,312 3,229 3,125 3,090 3,163 3,210 3,245 ..

-12-

Notes: Figures for 2019 and 2020 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an

Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.

Table 8a : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category

Percentage of total defence expenditure

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Equipment (a)

Albania 16.29 16.65 8.92 8.01 6.96 9.42 14.61 15.11

Belgium 2.84 3.52 3.44 4.72 6.52 10.15 11.06 10.36

Bulgaria 4.52 1.03 3.47 9.15 8.10 9.65 59.74 19.27

Canada 11.16 13.03 10.47 10.61 10.70 11.94 14.80 17.36

Croatia 10.72 5.56 8.01 7.51 5.69 3.37 6.55 9.46

Czech Republic 9.49 6.53 11.76 6.70 11.55 11.16 14.42 16.74

Denmark 11.26 10.99 11.50 13.68 10.39 11.66 18.06 22.35

Estonia 14.48 22.15 12.82 17.86 19.22 16.51 15.50 17.26

France 28.56 24.64 25.04 24.44 24.17 23.66 24.46 26.50

Germany 12.74 12.94 11.93 12.21 11.77 12.36 14.69 16.83

Greece 12.06 8.17 10.40 13.45 11.28 11.03 12.51 12.06

Hungary 11.08 7.76 9.75 13.37 18.54 12.63 23.81 33.60

Italy 12.51 10.92 9.72 19.09 20.68 19.13 17.00 24.59

Latvia 12.09 7.55 13.60 19.05 15.01 31.85 21.65 26.03

Lithuania 9.23 14.06 21.55 30.06 31.61 36.98 37.57 26.22

Luxembourg 14.57 22.61 33.33 30.07 42.06 45.18 49.71 37.47

Montenegro 1.32 7.46 5.43 4.46 4.95 11.05 14.09 18.99

Netherlands 12.57 10.68 11.16 14.14 14.75 16.39 21.50 23.22

North Macedonia 7.34 5.92 11.13 8.37 6.47 11.09 13.82 11.45

Norway 18.58 20.42 21.83 23.37 24.63 25.60 29.27 28.78

Poland 13.90 18.84 33.20 21.62 22.04 27.51 24.23 25.75

Portugal 8.65 8.43 8.70 9.95 11.42 15.48 16.61 16.60

Romania 10.71 15.77 19.65 20.43 33.34 33.47 25.59 25.61

Slovak Republic 7.39 11.12 18.28 15.32 17.74 22.27 40.07 28.91

Slovenia 1.27 0.66 1.85 1.02 4.04 5.98 7.10 8.70

Spain 12.37 13.49 14.82 6.65 20.39 21.83 21.02 23.25

Turkey 26.89 25.08 25.13 25.55 30.30 37.64 38.60 36.88

United Kingdom 21.89 22.82 21.75 21.24 22.29 22.25 22.85 22.95

United States 25.83 25.97 25.41 25.05 25.73 27.06 27.51 29.25

Personnel (b)

Albania 75.25 68.05 78.15 68.05 68.20 70.70 62.89 59.65

Belgium 77.34 77.84 78.23 76.80 75.20 70.69 68.38 62.61

Bulgaria 65.37 72.84 73.66 65.64 68.33 62.99 29.42 55.96

Canada 52.44 50.90 53.76 53.11 57.37 51.02 47.77 47.39

Croatia 68.06 76.55 72.28 75.40 71.72 76.96 73.71 71.71

Czech Republic 62.03 61.40 55.27 61.97 56.11 54.57 53.16 50.30

Denmark 51.74 51.27 52.01 49.51 47.01 49.88 48.19 45.39

Estonia 39.83 38.62 39.56 38.70 34.89 33.83 34.18 34.33

France 49.23 48.59 47.79 47.94 47.98 46.90 45.81 44.20

Germany 49.86 50.67 49.86 48.35 48.96 47.99 45.26 41.89

Greece 74.56 77.18 72.05 73.13 76.56 78.76 76.88 75.63

Hungary 48.96 49.77 48.21 49.66 37.13 42.33 35.14 36.50

Italy 75.00 76.41 77.55 70.79 67.58 68.16 70.21 62.15

Latvia 52.98 52.97 50.06 43.87 38.59 34.32 33.53 36.95

Lithuania 66.53 57.53 48.49 45.50 40.79 37.47 40.02 44.47

Luxembourg 51.10 49.31 42.77 45.56 34.40 33.42 30.76 27.33

Montenegro 87.68 78.53 78.03 75.32 80.44 72.87 72.89 59.21

Netherlands 58.53 56.50 55.51 51.77 52.19 51.16 48.07 48.45

North Macedonia 71.57 72.49 70.95 71.26 75.25 71.53 61.93 62.65

Norway 42.21 40.64 39.96 38.60 37.08 36.43 34.23 34.16

Poland 57.70 51.45 41.96 47.15 50.04 46.14 47.77 46.96

Portugal 79.85 81.27 81.90 81.38 80.19 74.75 71.67 65.41

Romania 78.99 71.15 63.30 65.01 54.67 54.48 57.90 53.09

Slovak Republic 70.14 69.14 56.24 58.72 58.21 54.74 40.81 49.07

Slovenia 80.52 82.31 82.23 76.03 75.04 72.38 69.09 66.53

Spain 68.25 67.34 65.18 72.61 61.64 59.64 61.86 52.45

Turkey 54.58 56.88 56.82 57.60 51.02 45.18 46.75 47.26

United Kingdom 37.85 36.59 36.80 35.27 34.54 33.75 34.07 33.95

United States 34.38 35.45 36.64 45.01 41.53 39.74 38.93 37.38

-13-


(a) Equipment expenditure includes major equipment expenditure and R&D devoted to major equipment.

(b) Personnel expenditure includes military and civilian expenditure and pensions.

Table 8b : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category

Percentage of total defence expenditure

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e

Infrastructure (c)

Albania 1.17 0.86 1.40 1.37 0.92 1.09 1.64 2.93

Belgium 2.28 1.81 0.93 0.96 1.05 1.43 1.19 1.60

Bulgaria 0.47 0.63 1.27 0.63 0.83 2.62 1.09 6.87

Canada 4.12 3.81 3.63 3.03 2.98 3.58 2.75 3.73

Croatia 1.21 1.24 1.98 1.26 3.59 1.00 1.41 1.65

Czech Republic 2.72 2.34 3.32 3.91 3.99 5.31 7.04 7.80

Denmark 1.16 0.97 1.09 2.16 1.95 1.49 1.74 2.44

Estonia 11.54 8.20 8.45 12.15 11.27 8.52 6.13 7.93

France 2.30 2.33 2.80 2.70 2.88 3.51 3.12 2.87

Germany 3.55 3.75 3.60 3.39 4.06 4.15 3.99 3.66

Greece 0.63 1.10 0.65 0.58 0.79 0.62 0.66 1.26

Hungary 2.32 1.07 1.21 1.13 1.31 1.68 3.50 3.07

Italy 1.57 1.40 1.30 0.70 0.94 1.29 0.67 1.65

Latvia 6.26 8.89 6.64 12.83 15.02 6.45 10.30 7.93

Lithuania 2.04 2.17 2.16 3.59 3.92 2.24 2.40 4.87

Luxembourg 11.81 10.26 7.79 6.64 4.64 5.05 3.16 10.99

Montenegro 0.09 0.96 2.47 2.41 0.88 2.24 1.42 8.30

Netherlands 2.74 4.77 3.19 3.90 3.02 3.46 3.29 3.28

North Macedonia 1.74 1.24 1.67 1.28 1.01 0.95 3.89 2.70

Norway 5.33 5.71 5.30 6.56 6.93 6.67 6.44 6.95

Poland 5.62 5.47 4.74 4.62 4.21 3.45 5.27 5.09

Portugal 0.04 0.11 0.25 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.19

Romania 1.16 1.09 1.27 2.77 2.09 1.54 3.53 4.91

Slovak Republic 0.29 0.57 1.99 3.75 2.97 2.00 1.17 2.16

Slovenia 1.33 0.65 0.61 1.14 0.45 1.40 0.57 1.84

Spain 0.67 0.66 0.97 0.97 0.68 0.64 0.98 1.21

Turkey 2.72 2.77 2.56 2.42 2.95 2.53 2.04 3.08

United Kingdom 2.04 1.95 1.63 1.87 2.25 2.99 2.11 1.70

United States 2.08 1.71 1.45 1.22 1.23 1.17 1.28 1.33

Other (d)

Albania 7.30 14.44 11.53 22.57 23.92 18.79 20.86 22.31

Belgium 17.53 16.83 17.40 17.52 17.23 17.72 19.36 25.44

Bulgaria 29.64 25.51 21.60 24.57 22.74 24.74 9.74 17.89

Canada 32.28 32.26 32.14 33.25 28.95 33.46 34.68 31.51

Croatia 20.01 16.65 17.73 15.83 18.99 18.67 18.33 17.19

Czech Republic 25.75 29.73 29.65 27.43 28.35 28.95 25.39 25.16

Denmark 35.84 36.78 35.40 34.65 40.66 36.97 32.01 29.83

Estonia 34.14 31.03 39.18 31.30 34.62 41.14 44.20 40.48

France 19.91 24.43 24.37 24.92 24.97 25.92 26.61 26.43

Germany 33.84 32.63 34.61 36.05 35.20 35.49 36.06 37.61

Greece 12.75 13.55 16.90 12.84 11.37 9.60 9.96 11.05

Hungary 37.64 41.40 40.83 35.84 43.01 43.36 37.54 26.83

Italy 10.93 11.27 11.42 9.42 10.80 11.43 12.11 11.61

Latvia 28.68 30.59 29.69 24.25 31.38 27.38 34.51 29.08

Lithuania 22.20 26.24 27.79 20.85 23.67 23.30 20.01 24.43

Luxembourg 22.52 17.82 16.11 17.73 18.90 16.35 16.37 24.21

Montenegro 10.91 13.06 14.07 17.80 13.73 13.84 11.60 13.50

Netherlands 26.16 28.05 30.14 30.20 30.04 28.99 27.14 25.05

North Macedonia 19.35 20.34 16.25 19.09 17.26 16.43 20.36 23.20

Norway 33.88 33.24 32.90 31.46 31.36 31.30 30.06 30.12

Poland 22.78 24.24 20.11 26.61 23.71 22.89 22.73 22.20

Portugal 11.46 10.19 9.15 8.61 8.35 9.72 11.60 17.80

Romania 9.13 11.98 15.78 11.79 9.90 10.51 12.99 16.38

Slovak Republic 22.19 19.16 23.49 22.22 21.08 20.99 17.95 19.86

Slovenia 16.88 16.38 15.31 21.80 20.47 20.24 23.23 22.92

Spain 18.71 18.50 19.03 19.78 17.28 17.89 16.14 23.09

Turkey 15.80 15.27 15.49 14.43 15.73 14.65 12.61 12.79

United Kingdom 38.22 38.63 39.82 41.62 40.92 41.01 40.97 41.39

United States 37.72 36.87 36.51 28.73 31.52 32.03 32.28 32.04

-14-


(c) Infrastructure expenditure includes NATO common infrastructure and national military construction.

(d) Other expenditure includes operations and maintenance expenditure, other R&D expenditure and expenditure not allocated among above-mentioned categories.

-15-

NATO defence expenditure

NATO defines defence expenditure as payments made by a national government specifically to meet the needs of its armed forces, those of Allies or of the Alliance. A major component of defence expenditure is payments for Armed Forces financed from within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) budget. Armed Forces include Land, Maritime and Air forces as well as Joint formations such as Administration and Command, Special Operations Forces, Medical Service, Logistic Command etc. They might also include "Other Forces" like Ministry of Interior troops, national police forces, gendarmerie, carabinieri, coast guards etc. In such cases, expenditure should be included only in proportion to the forces that are trained in military tactics, are equipped as a military force, can operate under direct military authority in deployed operations, and can, realistically, be deployed outside national territory in support of a military force. Also, expenditure on Other Forces financed through the budgets of ministries other than MoD should be included in defence expenditure.

Pension payments made directly by the government to retired military and civilian employees of military departments should be included regardless of whether these payments are made from the budget of the MoD or other ministries.

Expenditure for peacekeeping and humanitarian operations (paid by MoD or other ministries), the destruction of weapons, equipment and ammunition, contributions to eligible NATO-managed trust funds, and the costs associated with inspection and control of equipment destruction are included in defence expenditure.

Research and development (R&D) costs are to be included in defence expenditure. R&D costs should also include expenditure for those projects that do not successfully lead to production of equipment.

Expenditure for the military component of mixed civilian-military activities is included, but only when the military component can be specifically accounted for or estimated.

Expenditure on NATO common infrastructure is included in the total defence expenditure of each Ally only to the extent of that nation's net contribution.

War damage payments and spending on civil defence are both excluded from the NATO definition of defence expenditure.

NATO uses United States dollars (USD) as the common currency denominator. The exchange rate applied to each Ally is the average annual rate published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Note to readers:

Iceland has no armed forces. For nations of the Euro zone, and Montenegro, monetary values in national currency are expressed in Euros for all years. Latvia adopted Euros from 2014 and Lithuania from 2015. Montenegro joined the Alliance in 2017 and North Macedonia in 2020.

To avoid any ambiguity, the fiscal year has been designated by the year which includes the highest number of months: e.g. 2020 represents the fiscal year 2020/2021 for Canada and United Kingdom, and the fiscal year 2019/2020 for the United States. Because of rounding, the total figures may differ from the sum of their components.

Conventional signs:

e estimated - nil .. not available | break in continuity of series . decimal point

-16-

Nomenclature of NATO defence expenditure:

1 Operating costs

1.1 Military personnel

1.1.1 Pay and allowances

1.1.2 Employer's contributions to retirement funds

1.1.3 Other

1.2 Civilian personnel

1.2.1 Pay and allowances

1.2.2 Employer's contributions to retirement funds

1.3 Pensions

1.3.1 Paid to military retirees

1.3.2 Paid to civilian retirees

1.4 Operations and maintenance

1.4.1 Ammunition and explosives (excluding nuclear)

1.4.2 Petroleum products

1.4.3 Spare parts

1.4.4 Other equipment and supplies

1.4.5 Rents

1.4.6 Other operations and maintenance

2 Procurement and construction

2.1 Major equipment

2.1.1 Missile systems

2.1.2 Missiles (conventional weapons)

2.1.3 Nuclear weapons

2.1.4 Aircraft

2.1.5 Artillery

2.1.6 Combat vehicles

2.1.7 Engineering equipment

2.1.8 Weapons and small arms

2.1.9 Transport vehicles

2.1.10 Ships and harbour craft

2.1.11 Electronic and communications equipment

2.2 National military construction

2.3 NATO common infrastructure

2.3.1 Expenditure as host nation

2.3.2 Payments to other nations

2.3.3 Receipts from other nations

2.3.4 Land and utilities

3 Research and development

3.1 Devoted to major equipment

3.2 Other

4 Other expenditure

5 Total

6 Statistical discrepancy

7 Adjusted total

Main categories of defence expenditure:

- Equipment (Table 8a) – lines 2.1 + 3.1

- Personnel (Table 8a) – lines 1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3

- Infrastructure (Table 8b) – lines 2.2 + 2.3

- Other (Table 8b) – lines 1.4 + 3.2 + 4

21 october/octobre 2020 communique · 2020. 10. 20. · 21 october/octobre 2020 communique pr/cp(20...

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