2.1 atoms, ions, and molecules sponge: set up cornell notes on pg. 5 topic: 2.1 atoms, ions, and...
TRANSCRIPT
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5
Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Essential Question:
Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features.
Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions
GET OUT: SYLLABUSLAB SAFETY CONTRACT
Key Vocabulary:Atom Proton/Neuton/ElectronElement
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
P. 4
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• How can this plant digest a frog? – If plants can make their own food through
photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals?
Top of P.4
Please open to Pg. 35 in the textbook and read the paragraph in white font for your answer…
Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is supplied by photosynthesis
• Most plants absorb additional nutrients form the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus
• Venus fly traps live in swampy areas that have nitrogen poor soil, so they get this needed nitrogen by digesting animals
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Venus Fly Trap
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
KEY CONCEPTAll living things are based on atoms and their interactions.
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
Please draw and label an atom in the middle section of pg. 4
energylevel
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Fun Fact
• It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure…
• Protons- in the nucleus, Positively charged (+)
• Neutrons-in the nucleus, Neutrally charged (no charge)
• Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level, Negatively charged (-)
Energy Level
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Oxygen atom (O)
Nucleus:8 protons (+)8 neutrons
outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-)
inner energy level: 2 electrons (-)
Energy Levels
Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds a maximum of 2 electrons.
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Bill Nye Part I- Atoms 6m36s
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An element is one or more atoms of the same type. – cannot be broken down into simpler substances– Can be put together to make compounds or molecules– The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies!
- Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton
gold
aluminum
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers?
IronGoldTin
Aluminum 13 P13 E14 N
50 P50 E69 N
79 P79 E118 N
26 P26 E30 N
Proton # = Electron#
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are...
79 P79 E118 N
Gold
+79 + (-79) = ???
+79 + (-79) = 0
electrically neutral!!!!
+P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!!
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesHow to read the Periodic Table of the Elements
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesHow to read the Periodic Table of the Elements
Atomic # = Proton # = Electron #
All the same #!!!!!
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Electron Configuration allows us to know how many electrons are in each energy level
2+8+18+32+18+1= 79E
How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements
6 energy levels•1st=2•2nd=8•3rd= 18•4th= 32•5th=18•6th= 1
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any element
– Number of Protons = Atomic #
– Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic #
– Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic # 197 - 79 =118
Atomic #
Element’s Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass
79
79
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) bottom P.4
Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neutron #
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded
26.9815386
283
Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic #
– Protons– Neutrons– Electrons
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Draw a Aluminum Atom – Protons: 13– Neutrons: 14
(27-13= 14)– Electrons: 13
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Bill Nye Part II- Elements 9m35s
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7
Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Essential Question:
How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding.
Key Vocabulary:IonIonic bondCovalent bondMolecule
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
P.6
EQ
Ionic Bond Covalent Bond
Ion Formation
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements?
A: The number of protons in the nucleus!!!!
Aluminum Iron Tin
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
_
OHH
++
– water (H2O)
• A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20
Draw mini picture
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
• All compounds are molecules• NOT all molecules are compounds
Hydrogen
covalent covalent
O O
– Ex: O2
– Ex: H2O
• Compound and molecule
• Molecule only
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
+ -
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Positive Ions: •Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons •Become POSITIVELY charged ion
Negative Ions: •Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons •Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion
-
Energy level
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
11P 17P
• 11P (+)• 10E (-)
• 17P (+)• 18E (-) - +
IONS
Please draw and Label on the top 1/3 of pg. 6
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Hydrogen: neutral Fluorine: needs one electron to fill its outer energy level
Fluorine: “steals” an electron from Hydrogen. Becomes a negatively charged ion
Hydrogen: becomes a positively charged ion
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms.
• They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are:
• They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape • Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for
metabolism (the process of turning food into energy)• Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle
movement in your body
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O.
Now we have salt!!!!
“Opposites Attract!!!!”
Draw in the middle section of pg. 6
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
covalent bonds– Share electrons in outer energy level– Can have multiple bonds– Strong bonds
Hydrogen
covalent covalent
H2OAkaWater!
Draw in the middle section of pg. 6
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
On the bottom of pg. 6 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds
Pg. 38-39 in book
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds
Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds
Share electrons bonding
Form between oppositely charged ions
atomsDissolve in H2O
Strong Bond
Bonds ions
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9
Topic: Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds
Essential Question:
None
2.1 Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Draw the atom that is described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons.
• 1. Nitrogen: • Protons: 7• Neutrons: 7• Electrons: 7
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
P. 8 P. 9
(picture)
(picture)
(picture)
(picture)
(picture)
Pg. 36-39 in book
Ductile: able to deform without breakingBrittle: hard, but easy to shatterMalleable: able to be hammered into another permanent shape without breaking
Draw an Atom
1.
2.
3.
Atoms
1. 2. 3. 4.5.6.
7.
8.
10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Classwork
• Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet– DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.)
• When you are done you are to work on your Eqs for 2.1
• Cornell Questions (4-6) for each day of 2.1
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Draw an Atom
• 1. Hydrogen
• 2. Carbon
• 3. Oxygen
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• 1. True• 2. False- Electrons are negatively charged• 3. True• 4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged• 5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons• 6. Helium
• 7. Carbon
• 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded together
Atoms
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Elements
• Metals: 1 3 6 7• Nonmetals: 2 4 9• Metalloids: 5 8 10• 11. element• 12. atomic #• 13. protons• 14. below• 15. mass• 16. neutrons• 17. nucleus• 18. location
• 19. nitrogen• 20. N• 21. 7• 22. 14.0• 23. 7• 24. 7
14= 7 + ___Mass #= P# + N#
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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Molecules
• 1. molecules• 2. molecules• 3. compounds• 4. molecules• 5. compounds• 6. compounds• 7. molecules• 8. compounds• 9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen• 10. 2 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen
• 11. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy• 12. 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen• 13. 6 Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy• 14. 2 Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy• 15. 6 Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy• 16. 2 Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy• 17. 3 Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy• 18. 1 Silicon, 1 Oxygen