20's ppt presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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The 1920’sThe 1920’sA Time of ChangeA Time of Change
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Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge
Vice President under HardingVice President under Harding President in 1923 after Harding President in 1923 after Harding
diesdies Reelected in 1924Reelected in 1924 Changes back to a Laissez-faire Changes back to a Laissez-faire
approach to economyapproach to economy Return to IsolationReturn to Isolation
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Political ScandalPolitical Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal 1924The Teapot Dome Scandal 1924 Secretary of Interior indicted for briberySecretary of Interior indicted for bribery Gave leases to government oil to Gave leases to government oil to
companies for moneycompanies for money Oil reserves in Teapot Dome, WyomingOil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming
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RecessionRecession
Economy suffersEconomy suffers Caused by shift from wartime to Caused by shift from wartime to
peacetime economiespeacetime economies– No longer producing for warNo longer producing for war
Production, farm income, exports Production, farm income, exports declinedecline
Unemployment increases (12% in Unemployment increases (12% in 1921)1921)
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RecoveryRecovery
Coolidge ProsperityCoolidge Prosperity– Gross National Product up 40% by Gross National Product up 40% by
19231923– Standard of living increasesStandard of living increases
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Pro-Business PoliciesPro-Business Policies
Decreased corporate income Decreased corporate income taxestaxes
Decreased national debtDecreased national debt Raised tariffsRaised tariffs Demanded repayment of war Demanded repayment of war
debtsdebts
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LaborLabor
During war, strikes decreaseDuring war, strikes decrease Post-war strikes failPost-war strikes fail
– Troops and court orders used to end Troops and court orders used to end strikesstrikes
Union membership decreasesUnion membership decreases Supreme Court rules against child Supreme Court rules against child
labor lawslabor laws
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FarmingFarming
Policies favor large commercial Policies favor large commercial farmsfarms
Small farms sufferSmall farms suffer– Production increased during warProduction increased during war– After war they are producing too After war they are producing too
muchmuch Prices dropPrices drop
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The Stock MarketThe Stock Market
Investments increaseInvestments increase Buying “on margin”Buying “on margin”
– Small down payments in cashSmall down payments in cash– Borrow the restBorrow the rest– People could pay off the loans as People could pay off the loans as
long as stocks did welllong as stocks did well
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Mass ConsumptionMass Consumption
New TechnologyNew Technology– AutomobilesAutomobiles– Mass production, assembly lineMass production, assembly line
Lower pricesLower prices
Cultural HomogenizationCultural Homogenization– Everyone can buy the same Everyone can buy the same
productsproducts Brand namesBrand names
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MORE THAN JUST A CARMORE THAN JUST A CAR
Nations biggest manufacturing industryNations biggest manufacturing industry Businesses to service cars and travel Businesses to service cars and travel
growgrow– garages, car dealerships, motels, garages, car dealerships, motels,
campgrounds, gas stations, restaurantscampgrounds, gas stations, restaurants 3.7 million people employed directly or 3.7 million people employed directly or
indirectly by industry in 1929indirectly by industry in 1929 $2 billion to build roads$2 billion to build roads Growth of suburbsGrowth of suburbs
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New ValuesNew Values
Emphasis on wealth, possessions, Emphasis on wealth, possessions, funfun
LeisureLeisure– Movies, sports, gamesMovies, sports, games– FlappersFlappers
Young womenYoung women Drank, smokedDrank, smoked More in movies than real lifeMore in movies than real life
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Growth of ElectricityGrowth of Electricity
New ways to shopNew ways to shop– Kansas City first shopping mall 1923Kansas City first shopping mall 1923
Growth of electricityGrowth of electricity– 1913 16% people with electric lights1913 16% people with electric lights– 1927 63% people with electric 1927 63% people with electric
lightslights– only 4% farms with electricityonly 4% farms with electricity
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Unified AmericaUnified America
Until 1920’s America divided Until 1920’s America divided into regional economies and into regional economies and culturescultures
Growth of Growth of Mass MediaMass Media creates creates a more connected Americaa more connected America– RadioRadio– MoviesMovies
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ProhibitionProhibition
Illegal to buy, sell, or consume Illegal to buy, sell, or consume alcoholalcohol
1818thth Amendment in 1919 Amendment in 1919 Hard to enforceHard to enforce
– Bootlegging- illegally making and Bootlegging- illegally making and selling alcoholselling alcohol
Ended in 1933Ended in 1933
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Red ScareRed Scare
Fear of spread of communism Fear of spread of communism after Russian Revolutionafter Russian Revolution
Leads to race riots, bombings, Leads to race riots, bombings, police raids, and deportationspolice raids, and deportations
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Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Bartolomeo Vanzetti convicted of murderconvicted of murder– Little evidence against themLittle evidence against them– Both anarchistsBoth anarchists– executedexecuted
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Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
Reorganized due to anti-foreign Reorganized due to anti-foreign attitudesattitudes
Targeted African Americans, Targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrantsCatholics, Jews, and immigrants
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ImmigrationImmigration
Immigration Act of 1924Immigration Act of 1924– Established quotas- limited number Established quotas- limited number
of allowed immigrantsof allowed immigrants– Kept out immigrants from Eastern Kept out immigrants from Eastern
and Southern Europe and Asiaand Southern Europe and Asia
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Women’s RolesWomen’s Roles
More women workingMore women working 1920’s Women’s Bureau1920’s Women’s Bureau
– Part of Department of LaborPart of Department of Labor– Improved working conditions Improved working conditions
1919thth Amendment Amendment– Women get right to voteWomen get right to vote
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Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance
African American movement African American movement based out of Harlem, NYCbased out of Harlem, NYC
Called for action against bigotryCalled for action against bigotry Pride in African American culturePride in African American culture WritersWriters
– W.E.B. Du Bois, Langston HughesW.E.B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes Artists, musiciansArtists, musicians
– jazzjazz
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Great MigrationGreat Migration
Starting in World War One Starting in World War One African Americans began African Americans began moving from South to Northmoving from South to North
1914 14,000 African Americans 1914 14,000 African Americans in NYCin NYC
1930 200,000 African Americans 1930 200,000 African Americans in NYCin NYC
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Jazz AgeJazz Age
Combination of Ragtime and Combination of Ragtime and Blues = JazzBlues = Jazz
Began in New OrleansBegan in New Orleans Grew to dominate radioGrew to dominate radio 500 Jazz Clubs in Harlem 500 Jazz Clubs in Harlem