20973409 chronic sports injuries
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES
CHRONIC SPORTS INJURIES: TYPES INVESTIGATION OF CHRONIC SPORTS
INJURIES
PREVENTION OF CHRONIC SPORTS
INJURIES CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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What is a sport? any individual or group competitiveactivity
involving physicalexertion or skill, governedby rules,andsometimesengaged in
professionally. Examples includetennis,hockey, boxing, gymnastics,athleticsand ofcourse football.
What isan injury?
physicaldamageto the body or a bodypart.
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What Are Sports Injuries?
Theterm sports injury, inthe broadestsense,refersto thekinds of injuriesthatmost
commonly occur during sports or exercise.Somesports injuries result from accidents;othersaredueto poor training practices,improper equipment,lack of conditioning, or
insufficientwarm upandstretching. Commontypes of sports injuries include
musclesprains andstrains,tear of tendonsandligaments,dislocations,fractures andconcussions.
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Therearetwo broadcategories of sports-relatedinjuries acute andchronic
Acute injuries occur from asingle,well-defined incident,suchasdislocating yourshoulder during a fall ortwisting your anklewhilerunning. Sprainsanddislocationsaretypically
consideredacute.
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Chronic injuries result from anaccumulationof damageto the bones,joints,muscles,ligamentsandtendons. Chronic injuriesare
generally consideredlifestyle-threateninginjuries that is,they inhibityour abilitytoperform many of your normalactivities.
Tenniselbow andstress fractures (a fracturecaused by repeatedstress onthe bone)are
bothexamples of chronic injuries.
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Signs of acutesports injuryincludesuddenseverepain,swelling, inabilityto placeweightonalower limb,extremetenderness inan
upper limb, visibledislocation or break ofbone.
Signs of chronic sports injuryincludepainwhenperforming activity,dullacheat restandswelling.
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Chronic injuriesusually result from overusing oneareaof the bodywhileplaying asport or exercising over along period.
Often overuse injuriesseem less importantthanacuteinjuries.
If leftuntreated,a chronic injury willprobably getworse over time.
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These include:
stress fractures tiny cracks inthe bone'ssurface often caused by repetitive overloading
(suchas inthe feet of a basketballplayer who iscontinuouslyjumping onthe court)
tendinitis inflammation of thetendoncaused by repetitivestretching
epiphysitis or apophysitis growthplateoverload injuries.
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Thereareseveral investigativemodalitiesusedinsportsmedicine.However,themostusefulinevaluating CSIs include:
X-rays
MRI
Ultrasonography
Electromyography Bone scan
Arthrography
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Treatment of chronic sports injury is intwophases,shortterm andlong term
Short termi. Relative or complete rest
ii. Drugse.g.NSAIDS,topicalanaesthetics,steroids
iii. Electricalstimulation
iv. Musclestretching
v. Iontophoresis,phonophoresis, ice
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Long term
i. Proper shoewearing
ii. Strengthtraining
iii. Activitymodification
iv. Orthototic intervention
v. Nutrition counselling andweight
managementvi. Surgery for refractory cases
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Likemost other pathologies, CSIs can bepreventedbyseveralmeasureswhich include:
Avoid bending kneespast 90 degreeswhendoing half knee bends.
Avoidtwisting knees bykeeping feetas flataspossibleduring stretches.
Whenjumping,landwithyour knees bent. Do warm upexercisesnotjust before vigorous
activitieslike running, butalso beforelessvigorous onessuchas golf.
Dont overdo.
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Do warm upstretches beforeactivity. Stretch
the Achillestendon,hamstring,andquadriceps
areasandholdthepositions.Dont bounce.
Cooldown following vigoroussports. For
example,after a race,walk or walk/jog for
fiveminutesso your pulse comesdown
gradually.
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Wear properly fitting shoesthatprovide
shockabsorptionandstability.
Usethesoftestexercisesurfaceavailable,and
avoid running onhardsurfaceslikeasphalt
and concrete. Run on flatsurfaces. Running
uphillmay increasethestress onthe Achilles
tendonandtheleg itself.
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Theunprecedentedlevel inpopularityover thelast few decades of increasedparticipationinathletic sporting eventshasleddirectlyto an increase in chronic overusesports injuries.
It remains inthemedical/healthpersonnelsdomainto properly identifyandassisttheathletein correcting these conditionsto treat,prevent,and
possibly reversethedetrimentaleffects.Asalways,prevention isalwaysthe besttreatment but, failingthat,thenext bestthing isproper andsuccessfulrehabilitation.
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1. Microsoft Encarta 2009
2. Tri Riverssurgicalassociates inc.
3. U.S department of healthandhumanservices.
4. Chronic overusesports injuries by Dr. ElmerPinzon
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