Board Review

Biological width Pedo: 0-2mm normally; 0-4mm if next to an erupting permanent tooth or exfoliating primary tooth How much for max NO: flow rate 4-6 L/min; in children, increase by 10% increments, maintenance is usually at 30% Orofacial Clefts

Cleft Lip: 25%, 4-5 weeks in utero o defect between medial nasal process and maxillary process o unilateral 80%, bilateral 20%; 1:1000 births

Cleft palate: 25%, 6-8 weeks in utero o lack of fusion between palatal shelves o 1:2000 births

Both 50% Ectodermal dysplasia: "heritable conditions in which there are abnormalities of two or more ectodermal structures such as the hair, teeth, nails, sweat glands, cranial-facial structure, digits and other parts of the body."

Congenitally missing teeth, peg shaped, or pointed, defective enamel

Also have frontal bossing, thin brittle hair/nails, light skin, cannot perspire cannot regulate body temperature Bleeding values:

Bleeding: 1-3 minutes

PT: 10-13 seconds; extrinsic pathway

INR: 0.8-1.2; (INR=PTtest/PTnormal) o in patients on anticoagulation therapy- 2.0-3.0

PTT: 25-29 seconds; intrinsic pathway

Platelet count: 150k-450k / L o Oral agents that alter/suppress platelet function include: aspirin, clopidogrel, cilostazol, ticlopidine, and prasugrel

Bone graft

Autograft same person; from intraoral sites (maxillary tuberosity marrow, osseous coagulum, bone blend); also iliac bone

Allograft o uDFDBA osteoconductive (outside cells penetrate scaffold and form new bone) o DFDBA osteogenic (contanes MMPs that induce formation of new bone)

Xenograft BioOss anorganic bovine-derived bone osteoconductive Cosmetic dentistry

Hue the color

Chroma the purity/saturation of the color; high rich, low dull

Value lightness or darkness of the color; light tint, dark shade

Class III cavity in two proximal teeth: Drill: BIG to small; Fill: small to BIG

Local anesthetic in children: 4.4mg/kg = maximum recommended dose of anesthetic kg X 4.4mg/kg = Xmg max

%anes x 10 x 1.8 = Xmg/cartridge

Xmg max / Xmg/cartridge = max # of cartridges ANUG caused by fusiform bacilli (spirochetes)

Painful, bleeding gingiva, blunted papillae, pseudomembrane, fetid breath, high fever

Tx: remove pseudomembrane, calculus, Abts if lymphadenopathy/fever, CHX; re-eval in 1-2 days (more debridement) then in 5 days for another re-eval

Herpetic gingivostomatitis within 3 days of onset: treat with Acyclovir 15mg/kg 5 times per day for 7 days

All patients: palliative care: plaque removal, systemic NSAIDS, and topical anesthetics

Contagious when vesicles are present Ameloblastoma adult, odontogenic, molar region, benign, aggressive, recurrent, external swelling Mucus retnsion cysts blockage of salivary duct by sialolith (salivary stone); blueish; on palate, Buccal mucosa, upper lip

Called a ranula if on floor of mouth

Do not confuse with mucocele (mucous extravasion phenomenon) nodule of saliva due to escape from duct of salivary gland

Which gland (parotid, submandibular, or sublngual) is a sialoth most common Which space is not involved in ludwigs angina? (submental submandibular, retropharyngeal, or submental) Impression materials

Irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) rapid set, pour immediately, not accurate (dx casts only)

Reversible hydrocolloid (agar) hydrophilic, long working time, accurate, pour immediately; no custom tray but requires special equipment, tears easily

Polysulfide polymer (for complete dentures) high tear strength, smells, messy, good reproducibility, pour within 45 minutes; H2O is a byproduct contraction

Condensation silicone (?) short setting time, pour immediately; EtOH is a byproduct dimensional contraction; base+acc

Addition silicone (VPS) no byproducts dimensional stability, low tear strength, fewer voids when poured immediately

Polyether (Impregum) base and accelerator; no byproducts excellent dimensional stability; pour soon Malleability deform (without fracture) under compressive strength; ability to form a thin sheet; gold is malleable

Greatest malleability to least: gold, silver, lead, copper, aluminium, tin, platinum, zinc, iron, and nickel Ductilty deform (without fracture) under tensile strength; ability to stretch into wire

greatest ductility to least: gold, silver, platinum, iron,nickel, copper, aluminium, zinc, tin, and lead. Gold inlay/onlay divergent walls (2-5 degrees per wall), 30 degree bevel margins for better fit, skirt extend beyond line angle RPD classifications

class I bilateral edentulous area posterior to remaining teeth

class II unilateral edentulous area posterior to remaining teeth

class III unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth anterior and posterior

class IV single bilateral edentulous area with natural teeth remaining on both sides RPD components

Major connector connect all rpd components on one side to those on other side

Minor connector stabilization

Rest support

Clasp arms stabilization (middle 1/3) and retention (gingival 1/3)

Epidemiology definitions

Incidence - measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time

Prevelance - measure of the total number of cases of disease in a population

Sensitivy - measures the proportion of actual positives which are correctly identified as such

Specificity - proportion of negatives which are correctly identified (e.g. the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition).

Pictures

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Lymphoid epithelial cyst odontogenic origin Cemetoblastoma RO mass that replaces root; tooth is removed with lesion Periapical Cemento-Osseous dysplasia vital, lower anteriors, middle age women, RL then RO; no symptoms

Florid Osseous dysplasia involves entire jaw Migratory glossitis Nicotinic Stomatitis

Questions

Pt with inlay has pain during biting..no radiographic evidence m-d cusp fracture poor prognosis o M-D fracture cant be seen radiographically because the fracture line is not in the plane of occlusion

Cracked tooth with more symptom to---cold,heat,pressure (hard to reproduce), sweets, acidic foods also o Commonly lower first molar o Dx: stain, transillumination, tooth slooth, air to detect where pain from crack occurs o Tx

healthy/reversible splint/observe or crown (temporary then permanent); irreversible/necrosis endo, core (no post if possible, crown

Most common area of fracture in children: symphysis, condyle, coronoid

Apical root closes in about 3 years from eruption o Eruption occurs through gingiva with root completion o From calcification to root completion: 10 years (canine 13 years)

Tooth with most favorable prognosis---small internal resorption

Esthetic analysis, face divided: o Vertically by 5 (4 planes) o Horizontally - 3 (2 planes) o Frankfort horizontal line - porion to orbitale o Campers line - occlusal rim parallel to ala tragus line

Sterilization must kill spores of spore-forming bacteria (Bacillus and Clostridium) o Bacillus spores are the benchmark organism for sterilization o most destructive to carbide instruments----steam heat 250 degrees for 15-20 minutes; denaturation o dry heat does not Corrode or dull instruments; only glass and metal; 320 degrees for 1-2 hrs o cold sterilization soak in chemical then rinse in sterile water; 10 hrs to kill spores with 2% glutaraldehyde

Disinfection antimicrobial kills or stops growth of pathogens; applies to inanimate objects o Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the the benchmark organism for disinfectants; spores are not killed o Something about disinfecting a surface, I think you leave it for 10 minutes then wipe

Antisepsis applied to living tissue; alcohol

Orange stain is important ---to change chroma o Most common staining on porcelain

Which endodontic procedure is most unsuccessful in primary tooth with deep caries? Direct pulp capping may cause internal root resorption

Resorption of bone takes place in which direction after extraction----downward inward o Other choices: downward outward, forward inward

Which procedure least likely to produce bacteremia--extraction, non surgical endo, oral prophylaxis

Which gracey curet is used for the mesial surface of distal root in max tooth---11-12, 13-14

Which determine energy level of photon in xray---kvp,ma

Units o Exposure Roentgen o Absorbed dose Gy o Effective dose Sv o Radioactivity Bq

Which structure is most radiosensitve----hemopoitic bone marrow , also oral mucous membrane o Cells that are mitotically active and undifferentiated and have long mitotic futures

Reversal occlusal plane---chin tilted too upward

Which is most important for diagnosis of maxillary sinus xray----occlusal,panaromic,MRI

Effect of xray---genetic mutations

Collimation reduce SIZE of x-ray beam reduce volume of irradiated patient tissue o Circle 7cm in diameter

Tranillumination method is most useful in carious diagnosis ---anterior proximal, posterior proxmal

15% Aluminium chloride isHEMODENT most commonly used; contains no epinephrine o USE OF ZINC CHLORIDE IS NOT RECOMMENDED necrosis o Epinephrine is not used due risk of increasing BP in hypertensive pts o Why do you keep sulcus dry when placing cord?

Porcelein laminate veneer fixed by resin show black margin in 2 days cause---porcelein break,resin wears off??? Amine?as

Ultrasonic Instruments: active portion is the tip, 20-45k cycles/seconds o Magnetostrictive elliptical vibration pattern, all sides of tip are active o Piezoelectric linear vibration pattern, 2 sides are more active o CONTRAINDICATED in patients with Pacemaker, communicable diseases, titanium implants (use plastic tip) o Something about what determines the effectiveness of the ultrasonic instrument. Something about the tip

Troches available fungal agent---clotimazole for treating oral Candidiasis; also Nystatin

Which is not an antifungal? Options were ketoconazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, and something else

U shaped radiolucency in max molar---zygomatic process

J shape radiolucency - vertical root fracture

Antral Y

Pt says I dont have time to stop smoking contemplatory, precontemplatory, denial,action

Elderly people abuse question --under reported

Adult child can decide a treatment plan of his old patient his parent in what suitation---when he is payig money,when he is impaired either ear or eye,patient want his decision has power of attorny

Dentist does the treatment for 2 crowns but the insurance company pays the money for one crown downcoding. o The alteration by an insurer or other third-party payer of service codes for physicians or other health care

providers, to those of lesser complexity, resulting in decreased reimbursement o Q was either about downcoding or upcoding, know both

which area is most difficult to achieve matrix adaptation max mesial 1 prem also common place for perforation

Which impression material has good wettability---Hydrocolloid > Polyether > Hydrophilic Addition Sillicone > Polysulfide > o Hydrophobic addition silicone and condensation silicone has same wettability

uses of chlorhexide--reduce plaque accumulation

Epidemiological studies o Cross sectional: Sample of people assessed at one time o Case control: people with (cases) are compared to people without (control), but are otherwise similar

May establish exposure-disease relationship o Prospective cohort: follow group over time; describe prevalence of outcomes in the group o Retrospective cohort: choose a group that HAD the outcome of interest

evaluate effect that an exposure had on a population (ex occupational hazards) o Double blind clinical trial: neither subject nor investigator knows which group is control or case

Used to compare incidence and side effects o Community trial: community as a whole is studied; the more similar the communities, the more valid the results

Ex. Fluoridation trial of 1945 (fluoridated community vs non-fluoridated)

Pt has composite restoration with severe pain with localized swelling---- Incision & Drainage

Action of sodium hypochlorite disinfection of root canals, dissolves organic matter; DOES NOT REMOVE SMEAR LAYER

Most crucial in replantation----time managment

Ectopic eruption of man 1st molar in relation to pri man 2nd molar cause some resorption -management---extraction of 2nd molar,separation, disking of 2nd molar

Calcification of premolar tooth at birth----NO

Patient with 12 primary and 12 permanent teeth teeth---81/2 years old

o Primary: U/L 3,4,5s; Permanent U/L 1,2,6s

o Eruption of what teeth at 11 years old

Mouth breathers have facial feature of incompetent lips, convex profile, narrow palatal vault, bilateral cross bite

Most common cause of frequent urination during 3 trimestor--pressure of uterus on bladder,gestatory diabetic

Facial profile of class 2 malocclusion---convex, Class III is concave

Normal biological width 2mm (0.97 mm JE, 1.07 mm CTA) + sulcus o Biologic width is the distance established by "the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment to the

root surface" of a tooth. This distance is important to consider when fabricating dental restorations, because they must respect the natural architecture of the gingival attachment if harmful consequences are to be avoided.

Acid etching show decalcification at the area but did give the appearance of frosty why more fluoride in tooth, therefore you have to etch longer or again. MUST HAVE FROSTY APPEARANCE

Beveling in acid etching composite use more surface area. Exposes the enamel rods obliquely o Something about which is not a reason to bevel; the answer will be obvious

Distobuccal flange of denture determined by---masseter

Removing the mylohoid ridge have the common error in--lingual nerve damage

Cheek bit due to---horizontal overlap (edge-to-edge), or too far buccal or lingual

if it is mandibular facial placement of teeth, then it is the option.

Ant flange in max teeth---esthetics

Facebow transfer for recording---max with hinge axis positioning

Post op managment after denture delivery pt has pain in crest of the ridge---defect in post occlusion (or whatever area) o Excessive VD, bubble in acrylic, inaccurate denture base,

Placement of rubber dam affect the colour selection by dehydration of tooth gives inaccurate tooth shade

Know about the tooth reduction for various materials

Tooth set in 20 degree for balanced occlusion...but adjusted to 45 degree what is need to corrected for balanced occlusion--compensatory curve

DNA probing in perio pocket --for bacterial specific

Tooth with endo treated and post with crown have pain after several days esp during biting and cold..vertical root fracture

Use of indium with alloy is mainly to provide chemical bond with porcelain

Classification of pontic mainly depend on their relationship ---to the ridge (mucosal or nonmucosal) o Mucosal: concave and passively contact the ridge

Saddle Ridge lap NOT USED because it forms a concave area B-L that is uncleasable Modified ridge lap very esthetic, moderately easy to clean, for PFM, all-metal, or all-ceramic Ovate very high esthetics, good for high smile line, easy to clean, requires surgical preparation Conical Molars without esthetic requirement, easy to clean Bullet shaped

o Nonmucosal used in nonesthetic areas Sanitary (hygienic) about 2mm from mucosa, all metal pontic Modified sanitary (hygienic)

Know about pier abutment and cantilever o Cantilever teeth with RCT are not preferred for cantilever abutment; should have more than sufficient bone

support o Pier Abutment single tooth with two edentulous spaces on either side. In this case the single tooth will have to

act as an abutment for both the edentulous spaces in the bridge. In order to prevent trauma to the abutment a stress breaker is provided with in this sort of Dental Bridges near the pier abutment. The stress breaker is a non-rigid connector with a key in key-way. If the pier abutment is mobile then a rigid connector should be used instead of non-rigid connector.

o Q about which abutment/cantilever system will have the most traumatic effect on the abutment. Choices were molar abutment, premolar pontic, max lateral abutment, max central pontic, max central abutment, max lateral pontic, and max canine abutment, lateral pontic. (I think)

Physiological rest position

Why do the patients teeth click when they wear dentures

Working side and non working side interfence

Bennett shift mainly on --lateral movement of condyle or working side o Aka Immediate side shift The bodily lateral movement of the mandible towards the working side during lateral

excursions (approx. 0.3mm)

Narcotics mainly contraindicated in ---MOA inhibitor

Severe alcoholic now recovering need 24 tooth extraction which test needed----INR CBC

Property of interocclusal recording material----low resistance to jaw closure

What is the disadvantage of using elastomer for jaw relations or CR (something like that). Like what will happen when you try to mount?

Incisal guidance mainly depend on ---hori and verti overlap

Occlusal trauma symptoms - fremitus is the best test to test TFO, vascular - blood clots in PDL, gingival recession, widening of PDL

Erythema in the palate of the patient wearing denture...inflammatory papillary hyperplasia o Poor hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, denture overuse

After having denture (partial) the pt have pressure for few days, later it subsides---occlusal trauma, pressure of clasp, pulp damage

Which doesnt need replacement or repair--recurrent carious at margin,pulpoaxial line fracture, ditched restoration

Pt has restoration shows demarcation b/w restoration, which is fracture in middle of restoration. Whats the next step---look for further fracture line, replacement of restoration...?

Sensitivity following composite restoration in post most comman cause---due to resin,polymerization shrinkage in margin,shrinkage floor...???

Without indirect retainer---outward displacement of distal extension base

Flexiblity of alloy depend on all expect----composition, taper, undercut (ans)

Epithilium of free ging graft----degenerate

Distractive osteogenesis vs. osteotomy o distractive osteogenesis is a surgical process used to reconstruct skeletal deformities and lengthen the long bones

of the body. o An osteotomy is a surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment

Bacteria in healthy mouth---facultative gram positive anerobic bacteria

Which of the following is not true about local agressive periodontitis----affect less than 30%, treatment scaling and systemic antibiotics, genetic

Disease with Desquamative gingivitis o lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pemphigus

A band of red atrophic or eroded mucosa affecting the attached gingiva is known as dequamative gingivitis. Unlike plaque-induced inflammation it is a dusky red colour and extends beyond the marginal gingiva, often to the full width of the attached gingiva and sometimes onto the alveolar mucosa

Lateral perio cyst common location---bicuspid lower

Primary reason for replacing an overhang restoration---interfere in plaque removal

Which one is common in pregnancy and in normal condition--pyogenic granuloma

Best longterm care after perio treatment---self,professional..???

Which type of interleukin in most common after perio diseaseIL-1

If implant with width of 4mm is used what should be the bucolingual width of the ridge? 6mm o minimum Vertical height of bone to place implant - 8mm o minimum Width of bone is 6mm choices were 5mm, 7mm, 8mm, 12 o minimum distance of apex of implant From nerve - 2mm o platform of implant from adjacent CEJ - 2-3 mm o between implants 3mm o between implant and tooth (height of coutour) is 1mm o Mini implant is 2.4mm o When there is FPD from natural tooth to implant, the max stress is concentrated on the SUPERIOR PORTION OF

THE IMPLANT

RPD: o Retention: Direct retainer , and indirect retainer o Stability: Minor connectors, proximal, ligualul plate, denture base o Support: Rest, major connectors, denture base

H2O2 - less than 10% OTC o H2O2 - 30% (superoxol) used in in-office bleaching o Carbamide peroxide - 15-18% tray bleaching (commercially available in syringes)

Most acceptable root sensitive theory---hydrodynamic o the flow of fluid in dentinal tubules trigger receptors within the tooth

Attrition---normal wear

Re-evalution after perio therapy---4-6wks

Pt with diabetes having sedation IV and LA---ask the pt to take high calorie food with insulin, low calorie food which inusulinno restrictions

Mucosal graft epithelization by---connec tissue from underlying tissue(recipient site)

Lefort I associated with- what fracture--nasoethmoidal air cell, frontal sinus, max sinus, mastoid air cell o Le Fort II - separation of the maxilla, attached nasal complex from the orbital and zygomatic fractures o Le Fort III - Nasoethmoidal complex, the zygomas, and the maxilla from the cranial base which results in

craniofacial separation

Treatment of mid face deficiency is 1) lefort I 2) lefort II 3) lefort III

Apexogenesis vs. Apexification (know when to do either) o Apexogenesis: vital pulp therapy for immature tooth with incomplete root,

damaged coronal pulp but health radicular pulp Allows continued development of the entire root Encourages body to make a stronger root and eventually root closure

o Apexification: nonvital tooth Stimulates formation of calcified tissue at the open apex of pulpless teeth Create proper environment for formation of the calcified barrier by cleaning and removing debris/pulp

and place material (calcium hydroxide) to induce apical closure

Symptoms of Sjogren immune cells attack and destroy exocrine glands o Sicca symptoms: Xerostomia, xerophthalmia, general dryness, arthritis, lymphoma

Acute gingivostomatis virus associate with---chicken pox virus also

Acylovir---in some viral infection

Most common cause of failure of in restoration in primary tooth---cavity prep,moisture contamination...

Fusion---two tooth join only by dentin

While giving inf inferior alveolar injection the pathway from?contra lateral premol,contra canine,contra molar,ipisi lat premol

How to split the tooth using bur tech of tooth removal---spilt buccal and lingual up to furcation

Constantly exposing the pt to get from the fear factor is---desensitation

Fear decreases pain and anxiety increases pain

Most common site of herpes--attached gingiva

Scopolamine commonly used for motion sickness o Anticholenergic drug he drug is used in eye drops to induce mydriasis (pupillary dilation)

Prostaglandin inhibitor cause all except---increase gastric mucous. o PG:decrease gastric acid and increase gastric mucous, inc blood flow in kidneys

Unconsicous most commonly---psychogenic

Asthmatic patient, NSAID contraindications: NSAIDS cause bronchospasm.

longterm asthma give corticosteroid

Pt with osteoradionecrosis often have 4-5gy of radiation therapy

Pt with bisphosphanate 3ml IV for 3 yrs, have carious and unrestorable tooth; management: stop regmen 1 mnth extract, do non invasive endo treatmnt.

o bisphosphonate has half life of 6 months, it is advisable to wait for atleast 6 months before invasive procedures

Most common side effect of N2O2---nausea and vomitting

Laryngeal obstruction in---anaphylatic shock

Steriod supplement indicated in pt with---10mg with 1 yr, 10 in 2yr

Erosive crust in skin with target----erythema multiforme

Diazepam action in GABA both relaxing, anti-anxiety and anti-convulsive effects

Common malignant potential---Paget's o Maxilla>mandible, o Lion-like facial deformity. o Teeth demonstrate extensive hypercementosis. o Development of malignant bone tumor

usually an osteosarcoma is recognized complication of Paget, frequency of osteosarcoma is 1%, mostly long bone

Absence of primary tooth---premant eruption slow

Visible light curing - 400 - 499nm

Advantage of gold on occlusal surface, porcelain in facial surface----conserve tooth struc,minimal rsduction...????

Why do you bevel the functional cusp for a full coverage crown?

Interaction of proponolol (B-blocker) with epinephrine is best described by synergism o Increases the effects of epi so risk for Hypertension and bradycardia o Better to use a selective B1 blocker such as metoprolol

Drug most likely cause xerostomia---lithium (antipsychotic), ca channel blockers (like nefidipine), and anticonvulsants.

Pt have swelling after extraction, he is under penicillin therapy. What would be the next drug of choice? Clindamycin

Beta lactamase---inhibit the action of penicillin o Methacillin (rarely used), Flucloxacillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin are resistant to beta latamase

Both drug have same intrinsic effect and different receptor affinity---same potency, same efficacy

Pt is addicted to oxycodone (opiod) which contraindicated codiene(opiod), pentozocaine

Antipsychotic with irreversible side effect----Tardive dyskinesia ---Sudden purposesless movement(parkinson like disease)

Lantaprost indication----Glaucoma(Latanoprost)

Large radioopaque lesion in carious affected tooth---condensing ostitis

Pierre Robin Syndrome: o glossoptosis, retrognathia, upper airway obstruction, and cleft lip or palate o Child will have difficulty breathing and feeding

Treacher-Collins Syndrome o downward slanting eyes o micrognathia (a small lower jaw) o conductive hearing loss o underdeveloped zygoma o drooping part of the lateral lower eyelids o malformed or absent ears.

Granulomatous lesion---crohn's disease o Also Wegeners syndrome, TB, Histoplasmosis, Sarcoidosis, Cat-scratch disease

Patient with labial lesion for 7 days, similar kind for lesion wk before---recurrent apthous

Supparative lesion---actinomycosis o Actinomycoses isrealii is normally found in nose and throat Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial

tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. o A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery o Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which

comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." o Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. o Find Actinomyces and sulfur granules in drained fluid

Hypercemtosis o Etiology of Hypercementosis can be caused by many things. "PIG ON TAP":

Pagets, Ideopathic, Gigantism Occusal Trauma, Non functional tooth Trauma, Acromeglia, Periapical granuloma

Localization of mesiodens is done with occlusal radiograph

Neuropraxia: It is a transient episode of motor paralysis with little or no sensory or autonomic dysfunction o Neurapraxia describes nerve damage in which there is no disruption of the nerve or its sheath

St John's wort is most widely known as an herbal treatment for depression (300mg of extract) o may work against gram negative bacteria, ADHD

Pt is a child and is diabetic undergoes hypoglycemia in the chair if conscious give him orange juice o If unconscious give him 50% dextrose IV o Type I Diabetes leads to a) Aphasia b) Ataxia c) Blindness d) Deafness

Amantidine is used as Antiviral for Influenza A o Also for Parkinsons (may promote dopamind release in substantia nigra)

Strawberry tongue seen in scarlet fever o Also in Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome

Prophylactic treatment o for pacemaker no premedication required o for Prosthetics heart valves premedication required

LA calculations 4.4mg/kg o One carpule of 2% xylocaine has 36mg

Primate spaces are seen between maxillary Lateral incisors and canines; mandibular canines and molar

Which of the following Medication is not by cell wall synthesis? o Penicillin B) Amoxicillin 3)Vancomycin 4)Azithromycin - inhibits protein synthesis o Protein Synthesis

CLEAN(50s):Clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin TAGS(30s): tetracycline, aminoglycosides, gentamycin, streptomycin

Questions on public health case studies o Prospective cohort studies: A prospective cohort study is a research effort that follows over time groups of

individuals who are similar in some respects (e.g., all are working adults) but differ on certain other characteristics (e.g., some smoke and others do not) and compares them for a particular outcome (e.g., lung cancer).[1] It should be emphasized that prospective studies begin with a sample whose members are free of the disease or disorder under study (e.g., free of lung cancer or free of major depression).

o Retrospective cohort studies: A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, is a medical research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a

certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) are compared for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer).

A retrospective (historic) cohort study is different from a prospective cohort study in the manner in which it is conducted. In case of Retrospective Cohort Study, the investigator basically collects data from past records and does not follow patients up as is the case with a prospective study. However, the starting point of this study is the same as for all Cohort studies. The first objective is still to establish two groups - Exposed versus Nonexposed; and these groups are followed up in the ensuing time period.

o Case-control is a type of epidemiological study design. Case-control studies are used to identify factors that may contribute to a medical condition by comparing subjects who have that condition (the 'cases') with patients who do not have the condition but are otherwise similar (the 'controls').

What liquids used in Glass Ionomer Cement Polyacrylic Acid o In most of the current cements, the acid is in the form of co-polymer with itaconic, maleic or tricarboxylic acids.

These acids tend to increase the reactivity of the liquid, decrease the viscosity and reduce the tendency for gelation

Radiology o Focal spot influences resolution o Collimation influences penetration o Milliampere influences intensity o KVP influences energy and pentration

A pt is taking methotrexate (immunosuppressant) will have drug interaction with o Beta blockers B) Alpha blockers C) NSAIDs D) Beta lactamase o *Never use with Acitretin or Asparaginase (absolutely contraindicated!) o With methorexate we cannot give amoxillin because it decreases renal clearance

Most common o Odontogenic cyst is periapical cyst (non-vital tooth) o odotogenic ectodermal is ameloblastoma o odontogenic mesenchymal is fibroma o non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity is the nasopalatine duct cyst o salivary gland tumor is pleomorphic adenoma

Recommended daily intake of fat Intake as per USDA is 30% of total daily caloric intake or 10% saturated fat intake of caloric intake

American Society of Anesthesiology patient classification status o ASA I: Normal healthy Pt o ASA II: No functional limitations; has a well-controlled disease of one body system; controlled hypertension or

diabetes without systemic effects, cigarette smoking without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); mild obesity, pregnancy

o ASA III : Some functional limitation; has a controlled disease of more than one body system or one major system; no immediate danger of death; controlled congestive heart failure (CHF), stable angina, old heart attack, poorly controlled hypertension, morbid obesity, chronic renal failure; bronchospastic disease with intermittent symptoms

o ASA IV : Has at least one severe disease that is poorly controlled or at end stage; possible risk of death; unstable angina, symptomatic COPD, symptomatic CHF, hepatorenal failure

o ASA V : Unstable moribund Pt who is not expected to survive 24 hours with or without the operation o ASA VI : Brain-dead Pt whose organs are removed for donation to another

Periapical cyst

Odontoma

Recurrent apthous ulcer

Thyroglossal cyst

Location of Inferior Alveolar Nerve - They then pierce the buccinator muscle between the palatoglossal & palatopharangeal folds, lying lateral to the medial pterygoid at the mandibular foramen.

Syphilis Chancre resembles 1) Cancer 2) Herpes 3)Herpangina 4) Apthous Ulcer

Odontogenic Myxoma: o Most common odontogenic tumor of mesenchymal origin o Post Mand o Honeycomb & multilocular appearance o Rx: similar to ameloblastoma & Giant cell Granuloma o Tx: Curettage, possible recurrence

Ameloblastoma:

o Most common EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORmand molar area o Age 40s 50s o Histo: reverse polarity

Ameloblastic fibroma: compared to ameloblastoma o younger age o slower growth o does not infiltrate

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma o similar to the above except it occurs in the MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE in equal freq

Ameloblastic odontoma: o same as above except it occurs in max & mand pre-molar & molar area

All of the following applies to oral cancer except o 1)Male 2) Smoking 3)African American 4)Low socio economy 5)sex predilection for location

Which of the following will not occur in over contouring of crown is o A)Gingival problems 2)caries on the adjacent tooth 3) bone loss

Which of the following will incur more force on opposing dentition? o complete denture b) tooth borne partial c) tissue born partials

d) over dentures

enamel pearls most commonly seen on maxillary Molars

gingival palatal groove most like seen on seen in Max laterals

Anatomy on maxillary central that aids in plaque retention cingulum

Radiology o mean energy of Xray photons is increased by increasing KVP o collimation makes the X ray photon decrease the radiation to

the pt

Fogging of film is in overdevelopment, contaminated sols, deteriorated

films and light leaks

more Kvp - less contrast for restorative purposes

Dark radiographs - Overdevelopment, excessive mA, excessive peak kilovoltage, film-source distance too short.

Osteoradionecrosis occurs because of decrease in vascular supply o Traditionally 1-2 wks btw TE and radiotherapy is suggested. however is better to delay radiotherapy 3 wks after TE. o After Radiotherapy if tooth has necrotic pulp o endodontic Tx with systemic antibiotics can be performed o if difficult to do RCT (because of sclerotic pulp)>>>tooth can be amputated above the gingiva and left in place

Pt is on IV bisphosphonates which of the following procedures can be done o 1)Scaling and Prophy 2)endodontics 3) surgery 4) extractions

Crouzon's syndrome exhibits severe proptosis (exapthalmous) o seen in Crouzon's syndrome: hypertelorism, underdeveloped maxilla, brachycephaly

Which endocrine system does thick hair become thin hair thyroid - hypothyroidism o (cretinism in kids and myxoedema in adults)

Extrusion of canine what flap technique is used except 1)Envelope flap 2) Semilunar flap 3) Apical repositioning flap

Know about flaps (incisions etc)

Collagen disorder seen in advanced Diabetes and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mechanism of action of substances on GABA receptors o increasing the frequency of chloride channels by Benzodiazepines o Barbiturates increase the duration of chloride channel opening

Neurotransmitter in Parkinsons disease is Dopamine

Pt has Asthma and is allergic to Aspirin what pain medicaction will be given? o Acetamenophen 2) Ibuprofen 3) Diclofenac Sodium o NSAIDS - are contraindicated in asthma pts.

When you place a implant, widening of crestal bone is seen because of which force? o Horizontal 2) Oblique 3) Vertical 4) Aapical o Fibers on implant

What is the reason for unhappiness of denture Instability of the lower denture

Mode of action of miconazole - alters the cellular wall permeability. o It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.

Cause of indiscrete margins on xray film

Antibiotic contraindicated with ALCOHOL are Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Antimalarial, flurazolione, Griseofulvin o headache, nausea, vomiting, irregular heart beat, tachycardia, flushing, breathlessness, low BP

In a # of rt side of body of mandible, which other # is to be suspected - condyle on the contralateral side of the subcondylar region

o Trauma to one side often produces an ipsilateral body fracture and a contralateral subcondylar fracture. o A heavy blow to the symphysis produces a symphyseal fracture and bilateral subcondylar fractures. o It is also important to exclude damage to the cervical spine and to ascertain that the airway is not compromised.

In condylar hyperplasia, mandible deviates to which side? to the contralateral side (the unaffected side),

in condylar hypoplasia the mandible deviates to the affected side

Treatment of ranula (floor of mouth): a) marsupialisation b) enucleation c) inj steroid; Treatment of a mucocele enucleation

Pt complains of high fees of dentist, how should the dentist answer? Fee is fine according to the geographic area, it is fair and reasonable, I have to make a living too

Handling of an ADHD pt and how to get them to maintain oral hygiene - no modifications

Working side interferences? Max: palatal inclines of buccal cusps, Mand: buccal incline of lingual cusps o In MIP or CO, Max: buccal incline of palatal cusp, Mand: lingual incline of buccal cusp o Balanced side interferences are Max: buccal incline of palatal cusps and Mand: lingual incline of buccal cusps

Protection for inf alv nerve while placing an implant : surgically move the nerve, meticulous placement of the implant, place a barrier

Action of chlorhexidine? membrane disruption o Antiseptic and antimicrobial with bacteriocidal activity

Denaturation of the proteins - alcohol and autoclave; Coagulation of proteins - dry heat

Source of epithelium for graft: host, graft, adjacent tissue. Source of the blood supply is the host connective tissue

Disadvantage of hydroxyapatite graft - control of granules is hard and in the region of lower bicuspds, graft might be solidify over the mental foramen and cause parasthesia.

After flap surgery, how does repair occur? Pdl moves occlusally, apically, laterally

Upon using the fluorescent light, in which of the conditions is the complete tooth illuminated: vertical fracture, periapical abscess, split tooth?

Color of nitrous oxide cylinder - blue o oxygen cylinder is green

Which does not describe a biohazard waste box: made of metal, closed, puncture proof, leak proof

Some law on hazard communication law. What is it and what organization created?

Pt swallows a crown, what position should you place them in

For a pt with head and neck cancer who is to be irradiated, when should be questionable teeth removed: before irradiation, after, during?

Treatment for lingually erupted #9 at age 7 no tx

Mandibular incisors erupt in what position to the primary teeth? Buccal to, lingual to, straight under

Advantage of bundling instruments before sterilization precleaning in ultrasonic?

What happens if penicillin and erythromycin are given together: summation, potentiation, idiosyncrasy Tetracycline cancels out Penicillin

Numbers of surgical forceps for tooth extraction 150 = upper, 151 = lower;

What forceps would you use to extract mandibular premolar? Choices were like 150, 151, 23, 71

Angulation of cutting edge to the tooth surface while root planning more than 45 less than 90

After using a gingival retraction cord, tissue reacts by recession. Where do you see this the most; lingual, buccal, interproximal.

Which aspect most commonly needs convincing for the pt with new CD: speech, chewing, max denture retention, mand denture retention

Which of the following is absent in facial palsy: drooling, inability to wink, loss of muscle tone, excessive salivation o May be caused by Herpes Zoster, Sarcoidosis, middle ear infection, Lyme disease, HIV infection o May also experience: dry mouth and dry eye, headache, loss of taste, hearing louder in one ear

Consequences of tooth ext in a pt with adrenaline crisis probably delayed healing, infection, inflammation, LoC, dizziness, tachycardia, tachybradia

o If Pt uses more than 10 mg prednisone daily then: double the dose of daily steroids at the day of surgery as well as double the dose the day after surgery. (always after consultation with MD

Contraindications for the use of opiates cannot be used with MOA inhibitors, incase of head injury

Bacteria that is responsible for progression of caries but not causing the initial phase - Lactobacillus

Patient presents with eroded occlusal surface, lingual surface of max teeth, fillings raised from the surface. What should be suspected possible GI regurgitation

Radiographic feature of osteoporosis o Osteoporosis results in an overall reduction in the density of bone. o This reduction may be observed in the jaws by using the unaltered density of teeth as a

comparison. o There may be evidence of a reduced density and thinning of cortical boundaries such as

the inferior mandibular cortex

The caries rate in patients with Downs Syndrome is less. o The patients with DS had a significantly lower prevalence of caries and significantly higher levels of salivary sIgA in

this study. This finding tends to support the hypothesis that higher levels of salivary sIgA may protect against dental caries.

o But periodontal disease is more

Cleft lip and palate is usually associated with which kind of malocclusion? class III

Purpose of dietary analysis of pt -Caries risk assessment

Cause of dry socket (alveolar osteitis) : fibrinolysis of clot, physical dislodgement of clot? o How do you treat it? (make sure you recognize dry socket as alveolar osteitis o Multiple types of alveolar osteitis can result from disturbances in the healing process. The type that is commonly

referred to as dry socket is one in which the disturbance is from the time a blood clot forms immediately after tooth extraction to the initiation of healing in the 4-5 day period after extraction occurs.

o The healing tissue that is supposed to replace the blood clot, known as granulation tissue, may fail to grow or be disrupted after beginning to grow, leading to the well known symptoms of dry socket.

Which of the following is a dentist not supposed to do: talk about options provided by other specialist, risks of not having tx done, benefits of having treatment done, discuss about copay

Note:If you see a fact e.g broken file,or tooth perforation you have to inform the Pt but not blame the previous dentist

Onset of action of antipsychotic is 5-6 days

Child with blue lips, thickened nail beds, pale skin. What disease is to be suspected? Congenital Cyanotic heart disease

Muscle that decides posterior extension of lingual side of dental flange? Mylohyoid, superior pharyngeal constrictor?

Define chief complaint - it should be in pt's own words

Oral hygiene instructions for ADHD pt: hygienist to pt, hygienist to pt and parents, dentist to pt, printed material

All of the following can be used for plaque removal except: water irrigation, tooth picks, toothbrushing, floss What is water irrigation used for?

Tooth brushing technique best suited for removal of interproximal plaque-Modified Charters

Where does interproximal caries generally occur: above contact area, below contact area, at contact area, area between marginal ridge and contact area?

What does wheezing sound like? o gasp followed by high-pitched whistling

Pregnant woman goes into syncope in second trimester. What should be the immediate action? o turn her to the left in order to remove the pressure from inf. vena cava

Epidemiology of oral disease o Diabetes is common on which race? black men o Periodontitis is common for which race? Black o What group has the highest prevalence of coronal caries? Blacks, Whites, Native Americans , Hispanics.

Prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) adults 20 to 64 years of age, White >Black>Hispanic Prevalence of untreated decay in permanent teeth.. Black >Hispanic> White Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed or filled permanent teeth among adults 20 to 64 years of

age White>Hispanic>Black Prevalence of Class II more in WHITES, Class III in Blacks Class III malocclusion with cleft lip and palate is more in Native Americans > Oriental, Caucasians > Blacks. Cleft lip is more common in Asians

Use of pulp testing: check disease or health or extension of damage of pulp, check the responsiveness of pulp nerves.

How does a tooth covered with crown react to pulp testing--- cold is better test

Night guard is used for: treating bruxism, redistribute occlusal forces

Should be able to identify defect in hue, color, chroma on a photograph.

Displacement of fractured segments of mandinble by the action of associated muscles. If the # is at symphysis the muscles are genioglossus and anterior digastric.

Pt is addicted to oxycodone which contra indi- Patients receiving CNS depressants such as other opioid analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, other tranquilizers, centrally-acting anti-emetics, sedative-hypnotics or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with PERCOCET tablets may exhibit an additive CNS depression.

o When such combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.

o The concurrent use of anticholinergics with opioids may produce paralytic ileus.

Bioavailability---amount of drug avilable in systemic circulation

Question about effect of a drug that has high first-pass metabolism o This first pass through the liver thus greatly reduces the bioavailability of the

drug

Antipsychotic with irreversible side effect----tardive dyskinesia (2Q)

Lantaprost indication---- Xalatan (latanoprost ophthalmic) eyedrops for glaucoma o Reduces intraocular pressure o Prostaglandin analogue

Common site for granular cell myoblastoma (granular cell tumor)---tongue

Large radioopaque lesion in carious affected tooth---condensing osteitis

Lesion commonly with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ---erythroplakia

Common finding in patient with ataxic cerebral palsy---ant tooth fracture Common reason for angular chelitis---decreased vertical dimension (in elderly), skin fold, poor diet (Vit B2 and B12)

o Seen in pts with Anorexia/bulemia o In edentulous pts, when there is decrease vertical dimension, most common sign is ANGULAR CHELITIS o Can be fungal (Candida) or bacterial

Ideal depth of a bone for an implant 8mm

Clift lip prevalence in USA is 1:700- 1:800 (other source says 1:1000); occurs week 4-5 in utero o Cleft lip is done in 2-3 months after the child is born o The lip is corrected as early as is medically possible. The soft palate is closed btw 18-24 months of age

Clept palate occurs weeks 6-8 in utero. The hard palate cleft is then closed around age 4 or 5. o Alveolar correction surgery is at age 8 before the eruption of canine o Correcting the alveolar cleft is usually left till a later time, around the age of 8 or 9. If the surgery is conducted

when the child is younger than this, the scar tissue that forms during healing will interfere with the normal development of the face.

o An alveolar cleft is corrected with a graft of bone and soft tissue

Endo o Sodium hypochlorite in root canal treatment has the following advantages EXCEPT:

1.lubricating, 2.Anti-microbial, 3.Chelating agent, 4.Disinfection o Gutta percha has the following advantages EXCEPT:

1.easy manipulation, 2. Adapts to tooth surface, 3.Anti-microbial 4. Biocompatible o During root canal treatment, the operator creates a ledge. What is the next step?

1. Fill up to the ledge and leave the ledge intact, 2. Extract and replace with an immediate implant, 3. Take a smaller file to working length, remove as much debris as possible and gently try to remove the

ledge. o What is the NOT an advantage of stainless steel files?

1. More flexible, 2. Less chance for breaking, 3. Allows the file to be centered in canal

Before separation, SS files exhibit fluting distortions, highlighting unwound or twisted regions of the file signs of fatigue

Nickel-titanium files do not show these same visual signs of fatigue. Discard before visual signs are seen

o Primary endo infection STRICT ANAEROBES: G- Porphyromonas, G- Bacteriodes, G+ Actinomyces (root caries) o Unsuccessful rct need re-tx from persistent infection of facultative anaerobes o Abts:

DOC: Pen VK good for strict and G+ facultative anaerobes Metronidazole is effective against strict anaerobes but not facultative anaerobes or aerobes

o Which has worst prognosis? Ledge in midroot, fracture while obturating, transport through apex in curved root

Temperatures for autoclaves is governed by FDA.

For carbide stainless steel burs, what form of sterilization does not corrode the surface? o Dry Heat, 2. Steam , 3. Both Dry Heat and Steam, 4. Neither Dry Heat nor Steam

To improve the quality of radiographic film, what parameter would be altered? o 1.mA, 2. kVp, 3. Exposure time, 4. o Less Kvp low contrast for perio, mA is quantity

What bacteria is involved in the carious process but NOT an intitator? o Streptococcus, 2. Lactobacilli, 3. Actinomyces, 4. Staphylococcus o There is a question about what is involved in the initiation of caries. Lactobacilli is in 3 choices so if you know its

not an initiator, you can deduce the answer

Which tooth is least successful for a patient to remove plaque with floss? o 1. Maxillary premolar, 2. Mandibular premolar, 3. Mandibular molar, 4. Maxillary molar

A study failed to report 5 cases of caries. What is this called? o 1. True Positive, 2. True Negative, 3. False Positive, 4. False Negative

Upon extraction of a maxillary molar, a 2mm sinus defect is noticed. What is the next step in treatment? o No treatment necessary, follow up in 3 days.

o Which premolar is most likely to have 3 canals

A teenager (11 yo) presents with an intruded maxillary lateral incisor (#7). What is the next step of treatment? o Extract and Implant, 2. Splint for 2 weeks with RCT treatment after, 3. Splint for 2 weeks and follow up o 4 year old intrudes primary maxillary central, what do you do leave it, wait for it to re-erupt

For a young patient (6 yo), the treatment of choice for a necrotic pulp on permanent first molar would be: o 1. Apexification (open apex, necrotic) 2. Apexogenesis (open apex, vital) 3. Root Canal Treatment (closed apex) o It takes 10 yrs from calcification for root completion, 13 years for canine

Which treatment has the least successful long term prognosis on a deep carious lesion on #3? o Direct pulp capping, 2. Indirect pulp capping, 3. Pulpotomy, 4. Pulpectomy and RCT

What would be the most reasonable cause for a tooths symptoms to change from reversible to irreversible pulpitis? o Accumulation of traumatic injuries, 2. Bacterial involvement inside pulp chamber, 3. Increased intra-pulpal

pressure

What is the most accurate pulpal test to determine vitality of a tooth with a full-gold crown? o Electric testing, 2. Percussion test, 3. Palpation test, 4. Thermal test

What is the outline shape of the access cavity for a permanent mandibular first molar? o Triangular, 2. Trapezoid, 3. Oval, 4. Circular

On a radiograph, you notice a distal carious lesion on the mandibular first premolar. Upon restoring the adjacent 2nd

premolar, with direct vision, you notice that there is no decay.

o What is the most probable cause? 1. Cervical burnout, 2. Root caries

For a lesion in enamel that has remineralized, what most likely is true? o The enamel has smaller hydroxyapatite crystals than the surrounding enamel o The remineralized enamel is softer than the surrounding enamel o The remineralized enamel is darker than the surrounding enamel o The remineralized enamel is rough and cavitated o Know about chalky white lesions

On the cementation day for a full gold crown, what is the first step? o Evaluate margins, 2. Evaluate occlusal contacts, 3. Evaluate proximal contacts, 4. Evaluate proximal contours

For a surgical extraction of mandibular first molar, what is the best course of action? o Cut a Y into the coronal portion and extract each root separately, o Cut the coronal portion from the roots and extract the roots separately, o Cut the tooth bucco-lingually and extract the roots separately

For a surgical extraction, what does not contribute to developing post-operative pain? o High-speed drill, 2. Low speed low torque drill, 3. Sharp burs, 4. High-speed drill with water spray

Onlay wall preparation: o Wall:271 carbide bur, 2-5 degree taper, axial walls divergent o Box: cavosurface margin 30-40 degrees o Bevel: diamond, 0.5mm width, want 40 degree gold margin on occlusal and groove extension, 30 degree on cusps o Skirt: extends casting aaround line angle to increase retention and resistance form

pulse n bp what kind of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

temperature Celsius = interval. Kelvin = ratio.

apirin - single dose - how much time- 4 hours, 1 day, for baby aspirin dosage is 81mg/day

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor o Young females, maxilla o Radiolucency around an unerupted

tooth extending past the CEJ. o It should be differentially diagnosed

from a dentigerous cyst and the main difference is that the radiolucency in case of AOT extends apically beyond the cementoenamel junction.

Sore muscles in the morning: o Myofacial pain dysfunction syndorme

KNOW THIS!

Injury Closed apex Primary teeth or Open apex

Fractures

Enamel fracture class I Smoothen, restore lost tooth structure. Good px Smoothen enamel, check vitality 1,2,6 months

Enamel/Dentin class II Restore with bonded resin. Good px. Smooth/restore

Crown w/ pulp class III Vital pulp therapy if possible If not, RCT (also if complex restoration needed)

Primary: Vital: pulpotomy, Necrotic: pulpectomy Resorption: EXT

Horizontal root fracture

Dx with occlusal + 3 PA (at different angles) Vital: vital pulp therapy + splint Coronal: splint 6-12 wks, if no reattachment, EXT Midroot: splint 3 wks, endo if possible, EXT Apical good px, pulp should be vital

Relatively rare Coronal : splint or EXT Apical : no tx

Luxation Class V

Concussion percussion + Occlusal adjustment, no tx, follow up No tx, CHX if desired, Better px than closed apex

Subluxation mobility + Splint 3 wks if mobile No tx, CHX if desired, Better px than closed apex

Extrusion/ lateral luxation Resposition, splint, endo if necessary Extrusion: 65% pulp necrosis Lateral: 80% pulp necrosis

If before periapical blood clot reposition and splint 7-10 days Then endo

Intrusion Closed apex: ortho/surgery, endo 96% pulp necrosis

No tx unless determined that tooth is impinging on permanent successor; should re-erupt

Avulsion class VI

Re-implant immediately (within 0-60min) Clean socket with saline (no curet), replant Splint 7-10 days Pen or Doxy for 7 days refer for tetanus booster

Within 0-30 minutes Clean root with saline if contaminated Tooth in doxy, clean socket Replant, splint 7-10 days, soft diet Pen or doxy (if not succeptible to tetracycline staining); tetanus booster

Re-implant (after 60 min) 2.4% NaF for 5 minutes Saline, Replant, splint 7-10 days, Pen or doxy 7d

After 60 minutes replantation not indicated

Endo 7-10 days after replantation in both cases 7-10 days later try apexification

Ginseng - antiplatelet (interferes with coagulation not given with aspirin).

In natural teeth 2 types of hue yellow and yellow red o Yellow stain increases the chroma in the yellow hue o Orange stain increase the chroma in the yellow red hue. o Pink purple changes the hue of the teeth. Move from yellow to yellow red o crown unesthectic value

Width of periodontal ligament 0 .2mm

perodontal stability attachment loss is the most imp criteria in diagnosing periodontal conditions, followed by mobitiliy.

Flaps o Partial thickness (mucosal) flap only epi and CT o Full thickness includes periosteum

Horizontal incisions all three together allow for visualization of alveolar bone

Internal bevel incision: o 0.5-1mm from fgm apically displaced flap o 1-2mm from fgm modified widman flap (not reflect beyond mgj) o Coronal to base of pocket undisplaced flap or reverse bevel incision

crevicular incision: o Base of pocket to crest of alveolar bone, conserves papilla; o (1) + (2) creates a collar of tissue around teeth

interdental incision: separates collar of gingiva from tooth Cover site with periodontal pack dont enhance healing rate though.

Contain zinc oxide and some with Abts Give CHX 2x/day for 1-2 weeks

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is an atypical antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. o It acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor,

veracity - being truthful to patient

dentist doesnot complete the treatment - pt abandonment

protection act- Good Samaritan Act is accepted in all states, but dentists are not included in all the states.

Collimation does everything except o reduce pt exposure, reduce operator exposure, film fog, reduce average energy of x-rays

The Dentist completes exam and advises x-rays but the pt refuses. What should the dentist immediately do.

o Explain the need for X-rays.

What is true of osteoradinecrosis. ANS. Commonly affects mandible

X-ray identification: Median Palatal Suture, Zygomatic process of maxilla, Dorsal Surface of tongue, odontoma

Radiology The severity of response increases with the amount of X-ray exposure. This effect is called:

Deterministic, Stochastic, Genetic?? o Radiosensitive cells ANS. Hemopoeitic bone marrow. o When there is no barrier, protection of dentist. 6 feet; 90-135 degrees o If the buccal root of maxillary ist premolar appears distal to palatal root .The X ray was mesially angulated o Reverse occlual plane on a panoramic view. Chin tilted upwards;

smiley(happy face) is chin down. o Best view to observe pathology of maxillary sinus

CT , Panoramic, Lateral skull view ( all these are good to view max sinus) waters

o What is the reason for increased radio-opacity on the mesio-occlusal surface of maxillary I molar. Cusp of Carabelli, restoration on disto-lingual surrface, dens in dente

Transillumination is useful in the diagnosis of .Class 1, class 2, class5, class3

Commonest tooth with vertical root fracture .Maxillary incisor, mandibular incisors, maxillary molars, mand.molars.

Which tooth refers pain to the ear ANS. Mandibular molar

Referred pains: Max Incisiors Naso labial, Canine Frontal region, Premolars Temporal region, Mand. Molars Ear and infratemporal region.

Which are the two most imp. steps for diagnosis. History and clinical examination

Which procedure does not require antibiotic prophylaxis o Non surgical endodontic treatment, Scaling and root planing, Extraction, surgical treatment.

Material used for mouth guard vital bleaching ANS. 10% carbamide peroxide.

Most critical for pulpal protection ANS. Remaining dentin thickness 2mm

Critical factor determining the success of implantation of avulsed tooth - time

Tooth with the best prognosis ANS. Internal resorption Q about characteristics of internal resorption

What is the effect of extraction of primary 2 molar on the eruption of 2nd premolar with one third root formation . o Eruption is faster. Eruption is slow, no effect on eruption rate, condition varies depending on the patients age.

Which structure exhibits synchondrosis o Where the connecting medium is cartilage, a joint is termed a synchondrosis. o An example of a synchondrosis joint is the sternocostal joint (where the first ribs meet the sternum). In this

example, the rib will join up with the sternum via the costal cartilage.)

What is the effect on growth of a child with unilateral sub-condylar fracture retarded growth

Gingival index is an example of .ordinal scale, nominal scale

Hybrid layer. ANS primer within intertubular dentin

The provoking factor for pain after placing bridge. Heat, cold, sweet, biting(occlusion)

Kerrs syndrome Kerrs syndrome shows all except Maxillary ridge resorption, flabby tissues, enlarged tuberosities, increased vertical dimension of occlusion.

Lack of function of indirect retainer is manifested by ANS. Lifting of distal extension away from tissues.

Common feature between porcelain veneer and all-ceramic crown preparation rounded internal line angle

How do you decrease the width of artificial teeth.

Deepen the facial line angle proximally and increase the interproximal embrasure

Deepen the facial line angle proximally and decrease interproximal embrasure

take the facial line angle labially and increase the interproximal embrasure

take the facial line angle labially and decrease the interproximal embrasure

The dentist cements the porcelain veneer with light cured resin and the patient returns with brownish discoloration at the margins.why?

o not enough cement or microleakage(depends on duration of pt return)

patient receives a blow to the chin who has a MOD inlay placed on the maxillary molar 3 months earlier.Now the patient has a vague pain on biting ,there are no other symptoms.why? maxillary sinusitis, m-d fracture, b-l fracture

when you wax the removable partial denture on a cast; what is it called- Master cast, refractory cast

Purpose of addition of tin and indium to metal ceramic alloys ANS.chemical bond-covalent bond

Cause for post-operative sensitivity of composites - shrinkage

Something about how soon do you see the marginal leakage or discoloration?

The condylar guidance is increased from 20 to 45 degrees,what do you do. o Increase the compensatory curve o the curvature of alignment of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth that is developed to compensate for the paths of

the condyles as the mandible moves from centric to eccentric positions. o A means of maintaining posterior tooth contacts on the molar teeth and providing balancing contacts on dentures

when the mandible is protruded. o Corresponds to the curve of Spee of natural teeth.

curve of Spee o an anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of teeth, beginning at the tip of the mandibular canine, following

the buccal cusps of the natural premolars and molars, and continuing to the anterior border of the ramus, as described by von Spee. the curve of the occlusal surfaces of the arches in vertical dimension, brought about by a dipping downward of the mandibular premolars, with a corresponding adjustment of the maxillary premolars.

curve of Wilson o the curvature of the cusps, as seen from the front view. The curve in the mandibular arch is concave, whereas the

one in the maxillary arch is convex.

Reverse curve o a curve of occlusion that is convex upward when viewed in the frontal plane.

What is rest position muscle guided

Centric occlusion is tooth guided, centric relation is ligament guided.

You are giving cusid-cuspid bridge and want to change the canine guided anterior disclusion.What is required. o change to group function

All are requirements of interocclusal record material except. o Hard when set, capable of trimming with sharp knife after set, resistance to biting.

All are symptoms of TFO on an implant except. Gingivitis, pain, loosening of implant, breakage of abutment screw.

Heart rate of Age 3 is 110, age 5 is 100, age 12 is 75 and adult is 70 o Resp rate: 25, 20+, 20-, 15

Greatest incidence of malignancy is seen in Pagets disease, monostotic fibrous dysplasia o malignant change ,usually development of osteosacoma has been RARELY associated with fibrous dispalsia. o radiation for this lesion is contraidicated because it carries the risk for developmant of post-radoiation bone

sarcoma o Development of malignant bone tumor, usually an osteosarcoma is recognized complication of Paget,

frequency of osteosarcoma is 1%,mostly long bone.

Oral granulomas, apthous ulcer, rectal bleeding is seen in. Wegeners granulomatosis, ulcerative colitis, crohns disease.

Pierre-robin syndrome consists of a triad of retrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate.

Most important factor in shade selection. ANS-value

Flexibility of a clasp arm depends on all except. Length, taper, circumference, depth of undercut,

Which is most rigid .pd-Ag, typeIII gold,typeIV gold.

Least wettability is seen with which impression material.polysulfide, condensation silicones, hydrocolloids, polyether.

Most stable in moisture environment. Polysulfide, condensation silicones, addition silicones, polyether.

Setting of polyvinylsiloxanes is retarded by. ZOE, latex gloves, ferric chlorides, aluminium chloride

Which produces least change on implant surface while removing calculus. Ultrasonics, sonics, curettes, plastic curettes

What has ultimate effect on the thickness of epithelium of free gingival graft. Recipient epithelial tissue, donor epithelial tissue, donor CT, recipient CT

Disadvantage of partial thickness flap are Visibility, access???

The purpose of GTR is to prevent. Long JE, migration of PDL cells, Migration of CT cells.

The resorption of bone in PD disease is caused by.IL1, IL8, IL10 o IL 8 chemotaxis, IL 10 is macrophages.

The biological width is 2mm,3mm, 4mm, 1mm, 5mm.

The internal bevel gingivectomy extends approximately from

Indications for gingivectomy gingival hyperplasia,

The purpose of barrier. Apical movement of PDl cells, Coronal movement of cells.

Gingivectomy is contraindicated in .The sulcus is apical to gingival groove, sulcus is apical to convexity of tooth, sulcus is apical to the crest of alveolar bone.

periodontal pathogens in health- ANS Gram+ facultative cocci and filaments.

Desquamative gingivitis is associated with which 2 conditions. Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid, Lichen planus and erythema multiforme

o Pemphigus supra, acantholysis o Pemphigoid - basal o Questions about lichen planus

The depth of sulcus is 5mm the distance between CEJ and the base of sulcus is 2mm.what is the attachment loss. 2mm

The role of chlorhexidene is cos of.ANS- Substantivity high concentrations for long time

Condition seen in normal individuals and also in pregnant patients.ANS Pyogenic granuloma or pregnancy tumor.

Antibiotic seen in GCF- ANS Doxycycline, minocycline

First thing u need to check while placing crown.ANS Esthetics then Proximal contact

Miller classification for recession o Class I: recession doesnt extend to mgj, no bone or soft tissue loss interproximally good to excellent px o Class II: recession on or beyond mgj but no bone or soft tissue loss interproximally good to excellent px o Class III: recession on or beyond mgj, with bone and soft tissue loss interdentally partial coverage result o Class IV: recession on or beyong mgj, severe bone and soft tissue loss interdentally poor prognosis

Mechanisms of healing after perio surgery o Regeneration: growth and differentiation of same type of tissue that was damaged by disease o Repair: healing by SCAR o New attachment: embed new pdl fivers into new cementum and attachment of ging epi to a previously diseased

root surface

Implant vs. Tooth o No PDL, no supracreastal CT insertion into the implant o May probe to the level of the bone (no JE to stop you) o Will not erupt so dont use in growning individuals o Complications

Screw loosening (posterior > anterior), implant fracture (

Order of tx: emergency, disease control, re-eval, definitive, maintenance

Mode of action of ultrasonics. ANS. Vibration in elliptical (magnetostrictive) , sonics is linear(work with air)

Which of the following is not an advantage of Ni-Ti over stainless steel file. Maintains the shape of canal, flexibility, resistance to fracture.

Best theory to explain dentin hypersensitivity. ANS Hydro dynamic theory

Gastric acids cause. ANS. Erosion

Primary effect of an over hang. ANS interferes with plaque removal

Medications associated with hyperplasia. Calcium channel blockers, Dilantin sodium, Cyclosporine o Nifedipine

In most of the cases, localized fibromas are often: Dysplasias, metaplasia, anaplasia, hyperplasia.

The major environmental risk factor for periodontal disease. Diabetes, smoking

Which is not true of elder abuse. o Most of the elder abuse is at victims home o Mostly it is by victims relative, o Elders abuse is often over reported and exaggerated o un-authorized use of ATM card is some times considered crime but not abuse

Most common condition affecting elders. ANS Depression

All are seen in DI except. o Large bulbous crowns with short tapered roots o large irregular dentinal tubules o accentuated DEJ o opalescent hue

In a scientific article, where should the description of study sample be? materials and methods, results, discussion

Common form of leukemia in children Acute lymphocytic leukemia o acute leukemias respond to tx well, chronic doesnt . o AML is worst prognosis

Viral load for HIV pts test sensitivity detect more than 48 viral copies., o Neutrophils less than 500 no tx o Platelets below 50000 no tx o CD4 should be 200, but 50 is critical.

Increased no.of teeth + supernumerary and impacted teeth is seen in ANS. Cleidocranial dysplasia. o Gradners syndrome has supernumerary teeth.

When should the dentist not use para-phrasing. o When trying to speak to a patient in his second language o When the dentist is upset with what patient says o when giving factual values. o How does patient determine if pt can sign concent forms?

The patient who is diagnosed with Basal cell carcinoma, says to the dentist give me the report, do I have cancer, what should the dentists initial reaction be. Pic of basal cell carcinoma, white old man, outside of mouth

o DO you have any one accompanying you, this cancer has better prognosis than other cancers.

Which of the following is not recommended for a patient who is on Nicotine de-addiction o mucous patches, nicotine gum, Bupropione, nicotine nasal sprays. o Buproprione is also used to treat depression

Which of the following does not have cauliflower like , pebbly appearance. o Verrucous carcinoma, fibroma, condyloma accuminata, papilloma. o Description of papilloma

Common finding in a patient with cerebral athetoid palsy. ANS. Anterior teeth fracture

Anti-fungal used as troches for treatment of oral candidiasis.ANs Clotrimazole o swish and swallow is nystatin. o AmphotericinB is only antifungal given in IV o Fluconazole(tab) is given for systemic candidiasis.

The direction of healing of wound after extraction of tooth in mandibular arch o outward and upward, inward and down ward

Infections from mandibular premolars spread to which space Submandibular, because the roots are below the mylohyoid. Anterior roots above the mylohyoid has submental spread.

Cellulitis most of the time involves unilateral, ludwigs angina is bilateral and complication is edema of GLOTTIS.

The patient who is a tobacco addict says to the dentist,I want to quit the habit,what should the initial reaction of the dentist be.

All are seen in a patient with sjogrens syndrome except: sicca, xerostomia, lymphoma, arthritis, other choice is option.

Amount of fluoride supplementation required in 16 yr .0 mg

The greatest incidence of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ erythroplakia

Clinical photographs- Lymphoepithelial cyst, cheek biting, smokers palate, Dentinogenesis imperfecta, facial palsy, migratory glossits, mucocele, fordyces granules

Dentist realizes that the distal margin of crown preparation is within 1mm of interdental bone.what should the dentist do. ANS crown lengthening

Necrotizing sialometaplasia minor salivary gland disease presents on the palate which is most commonly confused with carcinomas due to the ulcerated presentation. Heals without scarring.

Transillumination in children is used for sialolithiasis

Questions on herpes ulcers and apthous ulcers

The patient develops oral ulcers and target or bulls eye skin lesions within 24 hrs.ANs Erythema multiforme

Suppuration is seen with ANS.Actinomycosis sulphur granules, seen in the neck.

A chronic alcoholic requires extraction what test should the dentist advise for INR

which of the following is not true for a patient requiring surgery and on oral anti coagulants. o PT should be 1.5-2 times that of control, INR should be above 2.5 o Norma INR is 1, can be treated till 3(acc to manual)

Question on parulis o bumps on the gum parulis o Pyogenic granuloma, peripheral gaint cell granuloma, peripheral ossigying fibroma, peripheral odontogenic

fibroma,

A patient received radiation therapy and requires extraction,what should the treatment be.Extraction, extraction with alveoloplasty and sutures, extraction with alveoloplasty of basal bone and suture, pre-extraction and post extraction hyperbaric oxygen

Virus associated with Chicken pox also causes ANS herpes zoster

Unilateral lesions after herpes zoster infection. Reactivation of the virus from sacral ganglion causes shingles o induced by stress and sunlight exposure.

Fluoride supplement required in a 2.5 yrs child in a non-fluoridated area 0.25mg know supplement chart

Community water fluoridation 1ppm, school water fluoridation 4.5ppm

A 4 yr old child management empathy and respect

Management of moderately apprehensive child Replacing words like LA with sleepy juice is called as Euphenism.

Use of praise, smile and appreciation is-Token(positive) reinforcement, social reinforcement

What is not an advantage of rubber dam when compared to not using it. Improved properties of materials, shortens operative time, facilitates the use of water spray

Closest resemblance of deciduous mand II molar permanent mand I molar

The success of implants does not depend on Age of the patient

Prilocaine above 500mg causes: Apnea, cardiogenic shock, methemoglobinemia

Complication associated with removal of internal oblique ridge (mylohyoid) ridge. ANS Lingual n

The drug which causes withdrawal symptoms in pts taking oxycodene

The drug contraindicated in pt taking ginkgo biloba. Heparin (CI with all antiplatelet/anticoagulants) o Ginseng used for male impotency, diabetes o Ginkgo biloba used for memory loss.

The drug of choice in patient with bradycardia - Atrophine, Epinephrine.

Which of the following does not have anti-inflammatory action. ANS Acetaminophen

Some question on difference between aceta and aspirin but it was about about anti-inflam action. Something about duration I think

The immediate choice of tx for large radiolucency in the mandible. Biopsy, aspiration biopsy and wait for the bone to fill in o Safest of all biopsies aspirational

The common symptom of trismus is associated with which space involvement. o Sub-masseteric, superficial temporal, During IAN block, pierce Buccinator muscle and inject in pterygomandibular

space.

The patient returns to the dentist the next day after extraction with pain and swelling. o The drug of choice in this penicillin allergic pt. Clindamycin 300mg qid

The restraining of uncooperative 2 yr child should be done by Dentist, Assistant, Parent

Why shouldnt patient be in the room?

The information about hazards of chemicals used in the office should be present in ANS. Material safety data sheets o Red flammable o White Personal protection o Blue health hazard

o Yellow- identitifies the reactivity or stability of a chemical.

The failure of a test to detect the presence of 5 cases of disease. ANS. False negative

The dentist separately for core-build up and the crown but the insurance company says that the core build up is part of crown.what is this called. bundling know unbundling also

the investigator studies the occurrence of oral cancer in pts in a private nursing home. what is this? o Cross-sectional study, longitudinal study, Descriptive epidemiology(prevalence and incidence)

common missing permanent tooth ANS. Maxillary third molar also mand second pm, maxillary lateral incisor

The main role of chlorhexidene before surgery ANS. Reduce the no.of microbes

Blood transfusion before surgery should be done when the platelet concentration falls o below. 20,000, 50,000 , 100,000

Crowing sounds are seen with. Acute asthmatic attck, COPD. o Asthma Exhalation wheezing o COPD expiration wheezing. o Croup------Barking Cough

The most effective method of caries reduction. ANS. Systemic water fluoridation

5 As of cancer prevention : Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange

The Child has 12 deciduous and 12 permanent teeth.what is the age of the patient 8-9 yrs

When does the calcification of permanent incisors occur 3-4 months(decks) Excepting maxillary lateral incisors 10-12 months

The drug of choice in status epilepticus Diazepam

The bacteria that causes rheumatic fever.streptococcal infection like sore throat or scarlet fever

What is the correct method of excavation of deep caries. Long bur from periphery to the center

Purpose of post .retention of core

Threaded post, what is the best way to prevent root fracture when inserting?

Apical closure of permanent tooth occurs. ANS.21/2 to 31/2 yrs after eruption

The dentist realizes that there is formation of ledge.what should he do next.ANS Gently by pass the ledge.

Pt asks questions regarding the face mask, gloves and other sterilization methods.what should the dentist say. probably something to do with standard(universal) precautions

The patient retires and loses health benefits. treatment is done on the next day. the pt requests the dentist to enter the previous day date and the dentist does Fraud

The frequent intake of juices by the child does all except. ANS. Increase ph., juices decrease PH

Child goes to bed with bottle filled with ________________, which one doesnt cause caries? o Choices were formula with F- water, plain non F- water, 100% juice, and something else

Which is true of intra pulpal anesthesia? produces anesthesia after 30 sec, it does not cause the discomfort to patient, produces anesthesia by pressure.

The position of permanent incisors in relation to deciduous incisors. ANS.inferior and lingual

Advantage of distraction osteogenesis over ostectomy . better patient compliance, wider range movements, less relapse and can be done in yonger patients

What is not true of alveolar osteitis (dry socket). ANS pain starts on the first day,

curettage should not be done in pts with dry socket, no antibiotics.

Acid-etching does not cause. Reduced leakage, better esthetics, increased strength of composites.

Purpose of placing posterior palatal seal ANS.compensates for shrinkage. o Factors to consider when designing posterior palatal seal

Patient comes back to the clinic 5 hrs after extraction with bleeding. what should the dentist do. ANS.search for the source of bleeding

flexibility of the clasp depends on all except. Depth of the undercut, cross-section of the clasp arm, taper of the clasp, length of the clasp.

Pt after scaling and root planing and with excellent oral hygiene does not show reduction of pocket depth, what is the next step for the dentist to do.ANS. Periodontal surgery.

Common location for periodontal cyst. ANS. Lower bicuspid o lateral periodontal cyst is detected only during radiographic examination o 65% of cases occur in mandibular canine-premolar area.

Patient has 2mm communication with the maxillary sinus. what is the treatment of choice. o 2mm: dont do anything and follow up o 2-6 mm: place gel foam (surgicel), suture ,decongestant and antibiotic , inform patient o more than 6 mm: buccal flap

How to split the impacted mandibular tooth when viewed from occlusal.+, Y slope, split buccal to lingual till the furcation.

Potency response to a drug over a given range of concentrations. o Potent = depend on dose of drug o less mg for same efficacy has more potency

efficacy the max effect of the drug. Max effect is also called as intrinsic activity.

Therapeutic index - is an estimate of the margin of safety of a drug. o TI = Lethal dose 50/Effective dose 50

What is bioavailability of a drug. - amount of drug that is available is blood.

What is the effect seen when propranolol and epinephrine are injected simultaneously o in cases of mild reactions it causes hypotension; in severe reaction it is malignant hypertension

Synergism - same target of action-increase action o additive - target of action is different

Patient c/o burning sensation at the corner of the mouth - angular chelitis

6yr old complaining of halitosis o can be a symptom of various conditions including: postnasal drip, dry mouth, dental problems, abcess, and

sinusitis. o often due to the decomposition of mucus secretions and debris which accumulate on the tongue, in the nose, and

between the teeth.

Patient c/o frequent dislodgement of anterior crown (post and core)

Extension of lower denture - till retro molar area : o primary support area on mandible: Buccal shelf , o primar support area on maxilla: Ridge, secondary on max - rugae.

What incision is given to remove palatl tori - double Y incision was not the choice ; o other possible answer might be a linear incision from A-P with oblique releasing incisions

How do u clean implants - scaler with a plastic sleeve; rubber cup and paste, stailess steel scaler, titanium scaler

It is required/mandatory to report all except - child abuse, reaction to drug, one more choice, o Abuses that have to be reported to authorities

colleague practicing with chemical impairment colleague advertising on electronic media child abuse domestic violence elderly abuse

Listerine - Phenolic compound - Listerine is a combination of alcohol + phenolic compound. o Burning after use of mouth wash is due to alcohol (causes drying of the mucosa).

Patient had old PFM on # 9, he complains that PFM is lighter than other teeth, what will u do? - change PFM, bleach teeth o When will you bleach teeth in anterior veneer prep- before veneer prep, wait for 2-3 weeks o bleaching affects both enamel and dentin

incisal guidance - guided by overjet and overbite

IRM is - what is the compoisition - zinc oxide-eugenol with polymer reinforcement.

where will you place the margins in a anterior PFM prep - Subgingival, at the crest

PVS impression material has which of the following - is unstable, doesnt come out completely from tissue undercut, releases alcohol as byproduct, may release H ion

Mostly periodontits occurs in : Diabetes, Tobacco

St John Wort(herb) is used for - mild depression

Drug that interferes with coagulation - Saw palmetto o Saw palmetto products could theoretically interfere with blood coagulation, so concurrent use with blood thinning

medications, such as coumadin (warfarin,aspirin and other NSAIDs) should be avoided.

Hyperthyroidism restless/irritable, heat intolerance, weight loss, muscle wasting, tremor, diarrhea, sweaty, fine hair o Causes: Graves, Thyroid adenoma, Pituitary adenoma (2 hyper), Hashimotos thyroiditis (early)

Hypothyroidism mental slowing, cold intolerance, weight gain, deep voice, constipation, edema, dry skin, hair loss o Causes: Cretinism (child), Myxedema (adult), Hashimotos thyroiditis (late; autoimmune)

Hypoglycemia is common in : Hypotension, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia

Drugs used to control salivary secretion Pilocarpine, cevemille - increases, Atropine - decreases

To expose a mandibular lingual torus of a patient who has a full complement of teeth, the incision should to o a. Semilunar b. Paragingival o c. in the gingival sulcus and embrasure area o d. directly over the most prominent part of the torus o e. inferior to the lesion, reflecting the tissue superior

ARCON ARTICULATOR - An instrument following anatomic guidelines such that the ball of the condyle analogs are carried on the mandibular element, and the fossa assemblies on the maxillary element.

CONDYLAR ARTICULATOR - A non-arcon articulator.

Advantage of Arcon over Condylar Articulator o When using an occlusal record to relate opposing casts, the thickness of the record increases the VDO upon

articulation. o When the record is removed the condylar guidance inclinat