207891 m223 ancestral journey eng publ

8/17/2019 207891 M223 Ancestral Journey Eng Publ

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I-Y7243 Genetic Ancestral

Journey

Gábor Balogh, 2016


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Content:

History of Haplogroup I-M170 – a background: ..................................................................................... 3

The I-Y7243 Ancestral Journey ................................................................................................................ 5

I. A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-MRCA).......................................................................... 6

II. Haplogroup A1- YP3864 .............................................................................................................. 7

III. Haplogroup BT-V187 ............................................................................................................... 7

IV. Haplogroup CT-M5608 ............................................................................................................ 8

V. Haplogroup CF-P143: Out of Africa ............................................................................................. 8

VI. Haplogroup F-PF2589 ............................................................................................................. 9

VII. Haplogroup GHIJK-YSC0001299 ............................................................................................ 10

VIII. Haplogroup HIJK-PF3494 ...................................................................................................... 10IX. Haplogroup IJK (PF3495) ....................................................................................................... 10

X. Haplogroup IJ-P130 („Cro-Magnon”) ........................................................................................ 11

XI. Haplogroup I-M170: Occupying the Balkans ........................................................................ 12

XII. Haplogroup I2-Z2667/PF3820 ............................................................................................... 13

XIII. Haplogroup I2a-L460 ............................................................................................................. 13

XIV. Haplogroup I2a2-P214 .......................................................................................................... 14

XV. Haplogroup I2a2a-M223 ....................................................................................................... 14

XVI. Haplogroup I-Y4450 .............................................................................................................. 16

XVII. Haplogroup I-CTS616 ............................................................................................................ 16

XVIII. Haplogroup I-Y3721 .......................................................................................................... 16

XIX. Haplogroup I-Y3670 .............................................................................................................. 17

XX. Haplogroup I-L1229............................................................................................................... 17

XXI. Haplogroup I-Y3681 .............................................................................................................. 19

XXII. Haplogroup I-Z2058 .............................................................................................................. 20

XXIII. Haplogroup I-Z2068 – The Indo-European invasion ......................................................... 20

XXIV. Haplogroup I-Y7244 .......................................................................................................... 22

XXV. Haplogroup I-Y7243 .............................................................................................................. 22

XXVI. The Cimbri and Sicambri ................................................................................................... 22

XXVII. The Ingaevones ................................................................................................................. 23

XXVIII. The Saxons ........................................................................................................................ 23

XXIX. The German knights .......................................................................................................... 25

Sources: ................................................................................................................................................. 28


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History of Haplogroup I-M170 – a background:

Present-day distribution of I-M170.

Haplogroup I-M170 is the oldest haplogroup in Europe and probably the only oneoriginated in Europe. It has arrived from the Middle East as haplogroup IJ-P130, IJK-V1295 or HIJK-PF3494 about 40,000-45,000 years ago. It developed intohaplogroup I-M170 approximately 43,000 years ago. Cro-Magnons probablybelonged to F, C1a, IJ, I haplogroups. Today, haplogroup I-M170 is about 20% to

45% of the total population of Europe.

Main subclades of I-M170:

1. I1-M253 is found in Northern Europe, mostly in Scandinavia with about 35%of the population. It is strongly linked to the Norse ethnicity.

2. I2a1 (I-P37.2) is the largest subclade, originated during the Late Paleolithic,but linked to Neolithic cultures in south-east and south-west Europe. Part of it,subclade I2a1a1-M26 found in Sardinia (37.5%) and subclade I2a1b-L621 inSlovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Romania, Moldavia and South-West

Ukraine.


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3. I2a2a (I-M223) is found mainly in north-west Europe around the North Sea,peaks in northern Germany (10-20%), Netherland (10-15%), in northernSweden and in Denmark. It also found in Moldavia and parts of Ukraine inEastern Europe.

Timeline of I-Y7243: Y-ID Build37 Ancestral Derived ybp Tree

ROOT (Y-Chromosome "Adam") 234,900 ROOT

A0T-YP2191 234,900 A0T

A1-YP3864 146,300 A1

A1b-V221 132,600 A1b

BT-V187/PF1403 126,300 BT

CT-M5608/PF258 83,800 CT

CF-M3711 68,100 CF

F-PF2589 65,400 F

GHIJK-V2308 47,900 GHIJK

HIJK-PF3494 47,700 HIJK

IJK-V1295 47,700 IJK

IJ-P130 46,400 IJ

I-PF3817 42,400 I

I2-Z2667/PF3820 27,300 I2

I2a-L460 21,600 I2a

I2a2-M436 21,300 I2a2

I2a2a-M223 21717307 G A 17,700 I2a2a

Y4450 18709945 G A 12,100

CTS616 6906332 C G 11,300 I2a2a1

Y3721 7982615 C T 10,700 I2a2a1a

Y3670 4770006 T C 10,500 I2a2a1a2

L1229 14937828 C A 9,200 I2a2a1a2a

Z2069 22519059 T C 5,400 I2a2a1a2a1

Z2058 5317533 T C 4,300 I2a2a1a2a1a

Z2068 9378829 G T 4,000 I2a2a1a2a1a1

Y7244 8271590 C T 3,800 I2a2a1a2a1a1b

Y7243 2911078 G A 3,800 I2a2a1a2a1a1b2


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The I-Y7243 Ancestral Journey

A 30,000 year old handprint from Chauvet Cave in France


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II. Haplogroup A1- YP3864

Time of Emergence: 160,000 ybp, 6400 generations ago (Middle Pleistocene)

Place of Origin: Central-Northwest Africa

Haplogroup A1-YP3864 is found only in Africa, with a peak in Southern Africa in theBushmen hunter-gatherer populations, and in some Nilotic groups in Eastern Africa,and some Pygmy groups in Central Africa. This suggests that this haplogroup arrivedin Southern Africa from between Central and Northwest Africa.

III. Haplogroup BT-V187

Time of Emergence: 130,000 ybp, 5200 generations agoPlace of Origin: Western North Africa - Central West Africa

Haplogroup BT-V187 is descended from Haplogroup A1-YP3864 about 130,000years before present, possibly in the western part of North Africa - central West Africa, it contains all the remaining human haplogroups.


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VI. Haplogroup F-PF2589

Time of Emergence: 66,000 ybp, 2650 generations agoPlace: Southwest AsiaClimate: Semiarid grass plains

Haplogroup F-PF2589 is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup spanning allthe continents. Subclades of this haplogroup represent more than 90% of the world'sliving non-African population.


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VII. Haplogroup GHIJK-YSC0001299

Time of Emergence: 79,000 ybp, 3150 generations ago

Place: Southwest Asia

VIII. Haplogroup HIJK-PF3494

Time of Emergence: 48,500 ybp, 1950 generations agoPlace: Southwest Asia

IX. Haplogroup IJK (PF3495)

Time of Emergence: 48,500 ybp, 1950 generations agoPlace: Southwest Asia

https://yfull.com/tree/GHIJK/https://yfull.com/tree/GHIJK/


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XI. Haplogroup I-M170: Occupying the Balkans


Place of Origin: Southeastern Europe

Haplogroup I-M170 belonged to the Gravettian culture of the Upper Paleolithic. ThisMiddle Eastern clan that migrated northwest into the Balkans and later spread intoCentral Europe, but this early occupation of Europe was stoped then reversed, asthe last Ice Age gripped the continent. Continued for thousands of years, its peak iscalled the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Humans were forced to retreat to a fewscattered enclaves in the south, to Iberia, to the Balkans and to Ukraine.

Facial reconstruction(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)


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XII. Haplogroup I2-Z2667/PF3820

Time of Emergence: 27,500 YBP, 1100 generations ago

Place of Origin: The Balkans

Climate: Height of the Ice Age

Facial reconstruction

(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)

XIII. Haplogroup I2a-L460


Place: Along the Danube


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An arrowhead from Bjerlev Hede in central Jutland

The Hamburgian culture spread from northern France to southern Scandinavia in thenorth and to Poland in the east. The distribution of the archaeological finds in thesettlements show that they were small and inhabited by a small group of people.

Facial reconstruction of a woman(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)


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XVI. Haplogroup I-Y4450

Time of Emergence: 12,200 YBP, 490 generations ago

Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea

XVII. Haplogroup I-CTS616



XVIII. Haplogroup I-Y3721



The Ahrensburg Culture

The Ahrensburg culture (13,000 to 12,000 ybp) was a late Upper Paleolithic nomadichunter culture in north-central Europe during the Younger Dryas, at the end of theWeichsel glaciation, resulting in deforestation and the formation of tundra. The Ahrensburg culture was preceded by the Hamburgian culture and superseded bymesolithic cultures (Maglemosian).

The Ahrensburg culture, exhibition in Nordvegen History Centre, and an arrowhead


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XIX. Haplogroup I-Y3670



XX. Haplogroup I-L1229

Time of Emergence: 9,200 ybp, 370 generations ago, the Mesolithic


The final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami

Around 9,200 ybp, large parts of the North Sea continental shelf („Doggerland”) wereflooded by the Storegga Slide tsunami, one of the largest tsunamis in the Holocene.The tsunami was generated at the edge of Norway's continental shelf, at Storegga,

in the Norwegian Sea, 100 km northwest of the Norwegian coast.

This large tsunami involved a 290 km long coastal shelf, with a total volume of 3,500km3 of debris. This event had a catastrophic impact on the Mesolithic population ofthe area, and separated populations and cultures in Britain from the Europeancontinent.


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Map of early Neolithic cultures from c. 7,000 to 8,000 ybp

Forming the modern European gene pool: new arrivals


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Map of Neolithic cultures from c. 5,500 to 6,000 ybp

XXI. Haplogroup I-Y3681

Time of Emergence: 5,400 ybp, 215 generations ago, the Mesolithic

Place: around the North Sea

Facial reconstruction of a 5,500 Reconstruction of the villageyear old man from Stonehenge


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Expansion of agriculture from the Middle East to Europe (11500-5800 bp)

XXII. Haplogroup I-Z2058

Time of Emergence: 4,300 ybp, 170 generations ago, the Neolithic


XXIII. Haplogroup I-Z2068 – The Indo-European invasion


Place: North-Central Europe

The Funnelbeaker culture, the last days of Old Europe


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The Funnelbeaker culture, at its greatest extent

The Funnelbeaker culture (TRB or TBK) born in north-central Europe. It developed

as a merger of local neolithic and Mesolithic cultures of the area, introducingagriculture to the hunter-gatherers in the north.

Double-edged battle axe fromSkåne

Dolmen in Lancken-Granitz, TRB burialsite in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Birth of the Germanic peoples:

the expansion of the CordedWare culture

Originating about 4000 ybp, bornfrom the interaction between theBell Beaker culture, and theCorded Ware culture, Germanicpeoples later extended intolarger areas.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%A5nehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%A5nehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%A5ne


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XXIV. Haplogroup I-Y7244



XXV. Haplogroup I-Y7243



XXVI. The Cimbri and Sicambri

Time: 2,300 ybp, 90 generations ago

Place: Jütland.

The Cimbri were a german tribe in Northern Europe, who lived originally in Jütland.Many of the Cimbri, with other tribes (Teutons and Ambrones) migrated south-east,

west, and back to north.The Cimbri changed their name to Sicambri, joining a Germanic tribe living aroundthe lower Rhine near the present-day Netherlands. The Sicambri, like the Cimbri,had intense contacts with Celtic peoples. The Merovingian kings of the Franks alsotraced their lineage through the pre-Frankish Sicambri (Royal Frankish Annals).

The migrations of the Cimbri


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XXVII. The Ingaevones

Time: 2000 ybp, 80 generations agoPlace: North Sea coast in the areas of Jütland, Albingia, Frisia and the Danish

islands.

The Ingaevones or Ingvaeones were a Germanic population living along the NorthSea coast in the areas of Jütland, Holstein, Frisia and the Danish islands, where theyhad later become further differentiated groups as the Frisians, Saxons, Jutes and Angles.

Ing, the legendary progenitor of the Ingaevones derives his name from the proto-

Germanic „Ingwaz” ( ), signifying "man" and "son of ”. This is also the name of theNorse god Freyr or Yngvi-Freyr.

XXVIII. The Saxons

Time: The 5th century, 60 generations agoPlace: North Sea coast in Jütland, Albingia, Frisia, Britain.

The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic tribes in the North German plain,some of whom invaded the British Isles around the time of the collapse of the RomanEmpire in the 5th century, but Saxon raiders had been attacking the eastern andsouthern shores of Britannia for centuries. The total number of Anglo-Saxon settlerswas around two hundred thousand.


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The Saxons were originally Ingvaeonic tribes; the earliest known area of theirsettlement is in Northern Albingia, Holstein. In the center of the Saxon pagan religionwas the worship of the Irminsul, "great pillar"; a divine tree that connected Heavenand Earth. The Old Norse name of Irmin is Jörmunr, which is one of the names ofÓðinn (Wotan in German). Yggdrasil ("Yggr's horse") was ash tree which connectedthe nine worlds.

Saxon Helmet found at Sutton Hoo


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XXIX. The German knights

Time: 1000 ybp, 30 generations agoPlace: From Germany to the Kingdom of Hungary

(„Ostsiedlung”)

"Post illos Altmann intrat de Fridburc miles coridatus ex patria Turingorum, de isto illide Bolugi oriuntur.” (Simonis de Keza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, 1282-1285)

From 895 AD to 902 AD large area of the Carpathian Basin was conquered by theMagyars, a confederation of nomadic tribes. After that, a Christian kingdom, theKingdom of Hungary formed in this territory. The first king, Stephen I of Hungary,aimed to integrate Hungary into Christian Western Europe, creating a modern stateaccording to the Western political social and economic model.


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Stephen I of Hungary relied first and foremost on the clergymen and German knightsto realize his plans. He replaced the pagan tribal leaders Christian German knights,who supported him. These knights formed the center of the heavily armed forces.

Many Magyars were dissatisfied with the changes, and soon they rose in revolt

under the leadership of Koppány, the lord of the southern region of Transdanubia.

The historic battle took place in Sóly, near Veszprém in 998, and though KingStephen's forces were inferior in size to those of the rebels, with the help of theGerman knights he won a famous victory. The leaders of István's guardsmen wereHont and Pázmány, Swabian knights, Altmann from Thüringia; Herman, Wolfer andKonrad from Nürnberg; and the Bavarian Gottfried and Poth. The Swabian guest(hospes), Vecellin took the lead of the army, and he killed Koppány during the battle.

Altmann and his family were settled in Vámosbalog (Großsteffelsdorf) in the BalogValley, changing his family name to Balog (Bolug, Balogh). The Balog Castle(Balogvár) was built much later, around 1290, by Henrik, son of Oth.

The king Karol Robert gave the Castle to another branch of the family, to the Széchybranch in 1323, because of their support against Máté Csák, the Kings' rival. In thesame year it was renovated, and later, in 1483 was extended and fortifications wereadded. Until the 17th century the Castle remained in the possession of the Széchybranch of the family.


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The Genetic Journey of I-Y7243


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