206ar-week 6 design: drawings & design development vocabulary

206AR-WEEK 6DESIGN: DRAWİNGS & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY

DRAWINGS

WARM-UP

Watch the video and talk about these questions.

Do you like drawing? Are you good at it? Why do architects need drawing skills? Could you be an architect? What skills do you need to be an

architect?

DRAWING??

The ART or SKILL of making pictures,

plans, etc. by using a pen or pencil

How many types of drawing do you know?

Engineering Drawing (ED)

A type of technical drawing used to define requirements

for engineered items

More than just the drawing of pictures

A graphical language communicating ideas and

information

Communicates all needed information from the engineer

who designed a part to the workers who will make it.


ED & AD are both types of drawing

ED shares some traits with AD in that both create

pictures.

The purpose of AD is to convey emotion or artistic

sensitivity in some way (subjective impressions).

The purpose of ED is to convey information

(objective facts).


Anyone can appreciate AD (even a viewer has his own unique

appreciation)

ED requires some training to understand (like any language)

But there is also a high degree of objective commonality in the

interpretation (also like other languages).

ED has evolved into a language that is more precise than natural

languages

It is closer to a programming language in its communication

ability.

Read the text «Drawings» in five minutes. Underline the words and sentences you don’t understand.

READING

DRAWING TYPES & SCALES In engineering, most design information is

shown on drawings.

They are produced on computer, using

CAD (computer-aided design) systems. CAD is pronounced as a word: /kæd/.

DRAWING TYPES & SCALES

Vocabulary item (CAD) Sample

sentences

CAD systems which work in 3 dimensions

will produce ‘drawing’ files using 3D

position co-ordinates.

A drawing office can get rid of two-thirds of

its employees if it installs a CAD system.


A key factor on a drawing is the scale – that is, the size

of items on the drawing in relation to their real size.

Scale: The relationship between the actual size of sth and

its size on a map, diagram, or model that it represents

When all the items on a drawing are shown relative to

their real size, the drawing is drawn to scale, and can be

called a scale drawing.


An example of a scale is 1:10 (one to ten). At

1:10, an object with a length of 100 mm in real

life would measure 10 mm on the drawing.

It was a scale drawing of a miniature

microphone, perfectly reproduced, which was in

reality no larger than a sugar cube.

Both plans are drawn to the same scale.

Our models are made to scale.


Most engineering designs consist of a set of drawings

(a number of related drawings):

General Arrangement (GA) drawings show whole

devices or structures, using a small scale. This

means objects on the drawing are small, relative to

their real size (for example, a 1:100 drawing of an

entire building).


Detail drawings show parts in detail, using a large

scale, such as 1:5 or 1:2.

Small parts are sometimes shown in a detail as

actual size (1:1), or can be enlarged to bigger than

actual size (for example, 2:1).


For electrical circuits, and pipe and duct networks, it

is helpful to show designs in a simplified form. In this

case, schematic drawings (often referred to as

schematics) are used. An everyday example is the

map of a train network.

Schematic: In the form of a diagram that shows the

main features or relationships but not the details.

NOTE: When written, drawing is often abbreviated to

dwg.

COMP. Qs (ask & answer the Qs. in pairs)

1) What kinds of drawings does Part A mention?

Ans: General arrangement, detail, and schematic dwgs

2) Describe each drawing type, indicating the differences

among them.

Ans: GA dwgs show whole devices or building, using a small

scale.

On the other hand, detail dwgs show parts in detail, using a

large scale.

Schematic dwg, different from the two, show designs such as

electrical circuits or duct (tube or pipe) networks in a very

simplified form.

Technicians are discussing different views

shown on drawings (looking at

components from above, from the side,

etc.) as they search for the information

they require.

We need a view from above showing the

general arrangement of all of the roof

panels –a plan of the whole area.

TYPES OF VIEWS ON DWG

Plan: A drawing of a building, room, or machine as it

would be seen from above, showing the shape, size,

and position of the wall, doors, and windows, etc.

A street plan (= a type of map of a town showing

the roads)

An easy way of planning a new bathroom is to draw

a 1:20 scale plan of the room on graph paper.

So the most helpful thing to do before you start

shopping is to draw up a scale plan of the room.


According to the list, there are elevations of all

four sides of the machine on drawing 28. So one of

those should show the front of the machine.

Elevation: One side of a building, or a drawing of

this by an architect

This plan shows the front, side and back

elevations of the new supermarket.

Only one of the four elevations of the building will

be seen with the foreign office.


This sketch shows

the front elevation of the house.



This sketch shows side elevation of the

house.

There should be a section through the pipe,

showing the valve inside, on drawing 36.

Section: a drawing or a diagram of sth as it

would look if it were cut from top to bottom

or from one side to the other.

The illustration shows a section through a

leaf.

The architect drew the house in section.


Figure 5.1 shows a section through the

window.


TYPES O VIEWS ON DWG

This diagram shows the shops in section.

We need an exploded view of the

mechanism, showing the components

spaced out.

Exploded: showing the parts of sth

separately but also showing how they are

connected to each other

An exploded diagram of an engine


An exploded view drawing is

a diagram, picture or technical drawing of an object, that

shows the relationship or order of assembly of various

parts.

An exploded view shows an assembly's components

spread out, but positioned to show how they fit together

when assembled.

You create exploded views by selecting and dragging

parts in the graphics area, creating one or more explode

steps. In exploded views you can:


Evenly space exploded stacks of components

(hardware, washers, and so on).

Attach a new component to the existing explode steps

of another component. This is useful if you add a new

part to an assembly that already has an exploded

view.

If a subassembly has an exploded view, reuse that

view in a higher-level assembly.

Add explode lines to indicate component relationships.



Oblique projection: shows an object with

one of its faces at the front. The 3D shape

of the object is shown by lines at 45

degrees from the horizontal.

A 45° plan oblique projection is

sometimes referred to as an

axonometric/cavalier projection.


Isometric projection: shows an object with

one of its corners at the front. The 3D shape

of the object is shown by lines at 30 degrees

from the horizontal.

It is an isometric view of a cube.

The isometric projection gives equal

emphasis to all three dimensions,

which are orientated at 120° intervals.

DRAWINGS

VOCABULARY WORKSHEET

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

WARM-UP

Talk about these questions.

When you are designing a house, how can you learn about your customer’s wishes?

If you are working as a team, how can you work in coordination?

Vocabulary items (Part A)

Brief (n.): The detailed instructions or information that are given at a meeting

Design brief: A written document for a design project, which

includes a description of design objectives This is a brief outline of exactly what designers have

to do. This outline summarizes the aim of designers’ task

and states briefly the type of thing that is needed.

Read the text «Design Development» in five minutes. Underline the words and sentences you don’t understand.

READING


Let’s imagine I am a website designer and you

want me to design a website. Obviously, unless

you tell me what you want, in the way of

content, layout and colourings etc - or at least

some ideas, I wouldn’t know where to start, so

the information I would want from you is the

design brief: a set of instructions or suggestions

as a starting point from which to proceed further.


There are essentially two types

of design brief that you could

use. The first is an "open

brief" and the second is

a "closed brief".


An open design brief

This type of design brief enables you to

devise (create) many possible solutions to

the need. It allows you to have a large

degree of freedom to experiment with a

range of design proposals (ideas). An

open brief does not tell you what the

solution is going to be and will be useful if

you do not know exactly what you are

going to produce at this stage.


A closed design brief

This will limit the range of solutions

you can determine for your project

and limits your design ideas by

suggesting (offering) the type of

solution you have to produce. It

doesn't tell you exactly what your

design will look like but it will state

what the solution will be.


Concept (n.):

An idea of how sth is, or how sth should be done.

A design concept is the general idea for a design.

For instance a design concept for a website might

sound like

"It will be mostly dark muted colors with some

orange highlights, and use the theme of circles that

will be repeated throughout the site. "


Sketch (n.):

a simple picture that is drawn quickly

and does not have many details

E.g. She drew a sketch map of the area to show us the

way.

E.g. Richard drew a rough sketch of his apartment on a

napkin.

E.g. An automobile is born in a simple sketch and finally

hits

the road years later, after a rigorous round of tests.


Preliminary Drawings:

The initial plans for projects prepared by the

designer or

architects and engineers firm during the early

planning or

promotinal stage of the building development.

They provide a means of communication

between the designer and the user.


Preliminary Drawings:

These drawings are not used for construction, but

they are used for exploring design concepts,

material selection, preliminary cost estimates,

approval by the customer, and they form a basis for

the preparation of finished working drawings.

E.g. Preliminary drawings are then turned into

working

drawings.

Comprehension Qs. Read part A in the book and answer the following Qs.1) What are the dwg types mentioned in the e-mail? Please

definethem in your own words.Ans: rough sketches & preliminary drawings

Rough sketches are very simple pictures drawn quickly without

much detail. On the other hand, preliminary dwgs (PDs) are the

next step in which we develop skecthes into (PDs). PDs give us

detailed information about the building, providing a basis for the

preparation of working drawings.

Comprehension Qs. Read part A in the book and answer the following Qs.

Why do the ideas of the architect form an adventurous

concept?

Ans: Because the design brief was pretty open. In other

words,

the architect was able to reach a variety of

ideas/solutions since the design brief gave him a large

degree of freedom to do so.

Vocabulary items (Part B)

Draft (n.):

a piece of a plan that is not yet in its finished

form

E.g. To finalize a design project, you have to go

over your first draft again and again.

E.g. The differences are beyond recognition

between the

rough/original and final drafts of the building.


Issue (v.):

give sth to sb, especially officially

Syn: send out, distribute

E.g. The sketches of the camera were

issued to the team head.

E.g. The preliminary drawings have been

issued to the specialists in our team.


Circulate (v.):

send information to all people in a group

Syn: send out, distribute

E.g. The sketches of the camera were

circulated to all members.

E.g. The preliminary drawings have been

circulated to all the team members.


Comment (on) (v.):

to express an opinion about sth

E.g. After our specialists recevie the sketches,

they will

comment on them.

E.g. The client did not comment on the

drawings, so we

thought she had liked them.


Amend (v.):

change sth slightly in order to correct a mistake or

improve it

Syn: revise

E.g. Following the comments of the unit head, we are

going to amend/revise some of the drawings.

Amendment (n.)

E.g. She has done some amendments to the rough

sketches.


Supersede (v.):

take the place of sth that is no longer the best available

Syn: replace

E.g. At the end of a design development phase, all rough

sketches are usually superseded by finished working

drawings.

E.g. After certain amendments, drawing 130A becomes

drawing 130B. In other words, dwg 130A is

superseded (by dwg 130B).


Refine (v.):

to improve sth by making small changes to it

Syn: amend, revise

E.g. The testers made some comments and

critiques that helped us refine the design.

E.g. To decide where to refine the design, you

have to look at the overall drive system.


Sign off (phr. v.):

to give your formal approval to sth, by signing

your name

Syn: authorize

E.g. Major repainting work needs to be signed

off by a qualified engineer.

E.g. After some amendments, senior engineers

generally sign off/authorize drawings.


Work to sth (phr. v.):

to follow a plan/design

E.g. After working drawings are finalized,

the construction team can work to them.

E.g. The fabrication team will work to the

plan when we receive clarification about

the current drawing.

Student A

Look at the flow chart across the bottom of page

10 and describe the design development process

in your own words to your partner. While talking

about the chart, try to explain the new

vocabulary items.

PAIR-WORK

Student B

Look at the flow chart across the bottom of page

10 and while listening to your partner, try to ask

further questions about the design development

process and vocab items.

DESIGN BRIEF

ROUGH SKETCH

ESPRELIMINARY DWGs

Revision

WORKING DWGsRevision

TRY TO EXPLAIN THE FLOW CHART

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY WORKSHEET

DRAWINGS & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY GAME

206ar-week 6 design: drawings & design development vocabulary

Documents

scale drawing

drawing of pictures

drawing types scales

drawing skills

types of drawing ed

drawing files

drawing office

engineering drawing