2018.05.08 mnsea presentation.… · shatyr khan entertainment centre foster and partners. 5/2/2018...
TRANSCRIPT
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2018.05.08J. DAVID BOWICK, P.ENG.
BLACKWELL
MINNESOTA STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION
PRESENATION
BEYOND TENTSFABRIC STRUCTURES FOR BUILDINGS
INTRODUCTION TO
Structural Engineering consultants
Founded in 1987 by Walter Blackwell
Now a partnership of 6 principals, with over 50 employees infour offices: Toronto, Waterloo, Victoria, and Halifax
Wide range of projects including: university facilities,offices, retail buildings, medical centres, recreational andvisitor centres, schools, libraries and religious institutions,custom homes, bridges, multi-residential and industrialbuildings, sculptures, and pavillions
LEED accredited engineers with many notable LEED projects
Firm Profile
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Committed to finding the most appropriate design solutionfor each project’s unique requirements, be they based oneconomical concerns, sustainability goals, or culturalcontext and mission.
Make our clients’ objectives our own. Our goal is to act withintegrity to deliver quality and add value. On every job, westrive to understand the precedents, refine as appropriateand innovate when necessary.
No matter the problem we’re solving, we give it ourundivided attention. We see every project as an opportunity.
Guiding principles:
Do Great WorkUse Good Judgment
Enable Others
Philosophy
PROJECTS
Goldring Varsity Centre
Patkau Architects & MacLennan Jaunkalns Miller Architects
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Thomas L. Wells Public School
Baird Sampson Neuert Architects
CIGI Campus
KPMB Architects
Scarborough Civic Central Library
LGA Architectural Partners
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Peace Bridge, Fort Erie
NORR Limited
Iroquioan Longhouse
BrookMcIlroy
Tannery Park, Oakville
Figureground Studio Inc.
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Wong Tai Sin Temple
Shim Sutcliffe Architects
Google Waterloo Offices
Robertson Simmons Architects inc. & B+H Architects
Moorelands Dining Hall
Shim Sutcliffe Architects
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Cerdarvale Ravine House
Drew Mandel Architect
William Hawrelak Park
Lightweight Manufacturing Inc.
Studio Phillips Barratt & Stantec Architects
BC Place Stadium
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PanAm Celebration Zone
Hariri Pontarini Architects
Haiti Schools
BlackwellHalsall Associates
Quinn Dressel AssociatesRead Jones Christoffersen
FABRIC TENSILE STRUCTURES
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First known use 1770
Common use in Europe beginning 1830s
Common use in North America beginning 1867
Traditional Circus Tent
Godfrey Rhodes Field Hospital Tent, 1858
Shukhov Rotunda, 1896
Vladimir Shukhov
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F. W. LanchesterAir Tent 1919
Radome, 1946
Walter Bird & Cornell Aeronautical Lab
J.S. Dorton Arena, 1952
William Deitrick & Matthew Nowicki
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1957 Frei Otto establishes Center for Lightweight Construction
(later Institute for Lightweight Structures)
• 1872 Stromeyer and Company Established for the manufacture of circus tents
• 1950’s development of teflon coated fiberglass by John Cook at Chemfab (with guidance from Walter Bird)
• 1960’s introduction of non-linear finite element analysis• 1957 Frei Otto established Center for Lightweight
Construction (later Institute for Lightweight Structures)• 1960’s Donato Fraioli of Air Structures American
Technologies pioneers air supported structures for commercial/recreational use
• 1970’s and 1980’s world recession and some notable failures and deflations cools the market for fabric structures
Other Milestones
CONCEPTS
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Woven fabrics
PVCPTFEETFEePTFESiPEHDPE
Fabric Types
• Vinyl Coated Polyester
• Economical
• Translucent
• Fire resistant
• Flexible
• Colour
• 15 Years
PVC
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PTFE• Teflon Coated Glass Fiber
• Non-combustible
• High Light Transmission
• Long Life (25+ years)
• White
• Self Cleaning
ETFE• Foil
• Low Strength and Stiffness
• Very High Light Transmission
• Combustible, Fire Safe
ePTFE• Teflon Coated, Teflon Fiber
• Very Flexible
• Non-Combustible
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SiPE• Silicon Coated Fiberglass
• Flexible
• Recyclable
• Fire Resistant
HDPE• Shade Cloth
• Economical
• Colour
• Not Waterproof
Polyethylene
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Patterning
Radio Frequency (RF) Welding for PVC
Fabrication
Heat Welding for PTFE and ETFE
Fabrication
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Fabrication
Sewing for HDPE (shade cloth)
Silicone Adhesive Tape for Silicone Coated Fiberglass
Fabrication
Lap
Details
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Rain Diverter
Details
Condition Available Light (Lux)
Transmission Coverage Interior Light (Lux)
Direct Sun 100,000 15% 80% 12,000
Clear Day 10,000 15% 80% 1,200
Overcast 1,000 15% 80% 120
Average Required Levels (Lux)Circulation 50-200Office 200-500Studio 1000
Max VonBarnholt Krag, VBK Lighting
Light
Water
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Fire
FireASTM E84 – Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
ASTM E108 – Tire Tests of Roof Coverings
NFPA 701 – Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films
ASTM E136 - Behavior of Materials in Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 Degrees Celcius
CAN/ULC-S114 – Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility in Building Materials
CAN/ULC-S102 - Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies
BS 476-6:1989+A1:2009. Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method of test for fire propagation for products
BS 476-7:1997. Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products
DIN 4102 1 fi t t t b ildi t i l
FLAME SPREAD
ASTM E84 – Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (Flame Spread)
CAN/ULC-S102 - Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies
PVC, Teflon (<25)
NON-COMBUSTIBILITY
NFPA 701 – Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films (Combustibility)
CAN/ULC-S114 – Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility in Building Materials
PTFE
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Applicable CodesNational Building Code of Canada
Provincial Building Codes (OBC, CCQ...)
Referenced StandardsCSA S367 ‐ Air, Cable, and Frame‐
Supported Membrane Structures
Professional LiabilityStandard of Care
“...that level or quality of service ordinarily provided by other normally competent practitioners of good standing in that field, contemporaneously providing similar services in the same locality and under the same circumstances”
(Paxton v. County of Alameda (1953)
Other Non-referenced Standards
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MINIMUM LOADING FOR TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
ANSI E1.21-2013
CLAUSE NOTES
3.5.2.3-5 Wind: 0.75 factor wind speed reduction up to 90 mph or 115 mph while using ASCE 7-10
3.5.3.4 Stability: 1.5 factor for overturning and sliding forces3.5.4.1Live: greater of 5 psf min or 300 lb total
3.5.4.3 Snow: min 10 psf where snow can be removed to prevent accumulation
A.3.5.2 Wind: trusses not clad shall use 50% project tributary area and clad elements to be 100%
A.3.5.2 Wind: pressures may be reduced to by a factor of 0.56 for structures in use < 6 weeks
A.3.5.2 Wind: two cases to be considered. Max gust speed greater than 40 mph and where mitigation techniques may be applied within 5 minutes to alter the structure to withstand the lesser of the reduced standard location wind speed or 90 mph (or 115 while using ASCE 7-10).
Con
trac
ts
Design-Build
Design-Bid-Build
Design Assist
BLACKWELL TENSILE PROJECTS
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Rosebud Veterans Commital Shelter
Wyss Associates & Fabricon & Blackwell
Kenora Waterfront Pavillion
Hilderman Thomas Frank Cram & Tensile Integrity & Blackwell
King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bermuda
Tensile Integrity & Blackwell
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RSP Architects
St. Louis Park Arena, City of St. Louis Park, MN
Bronte Park Pavillion
EDA Collaborative Inc. & Tensile Integrity & Blackwell
Pierson Park Band Shell
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St. Louis Zoo Sea Lion Sound Amphitheatre (Tensile Integrity, Blackwell)
Tata Steel Arch, Shefferville 2013(Blackwell)
HKS Architects
Mosaic Stadium, Regina, SK, 2017
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OTHER FABRIC STRUCTURES
German Pavillion, Expo 67 Montréal
Frei Otto
Frei Otto
Munich Olympic Park, 1972
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Tanzbrunnen Tent, Cologne, Germany, 2001
SL-RASCH
Eero Saarinen
Ingalls Hockey Rink, Yale Univerisity, 1972
Olympic Stadium, Monréal, 1976
Robert Taillibert
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Atlanta Falcons Georgia Dome, 1992
Heery International & Rosser FABRAP International & Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback and Associates
Compression StrutsTension Cables
Atlanta Falcons Georgia Dome, 1992
Heery International & Rosser FABRAP International & Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback and Associates
Calgary Saddledome, 1983
Graham McCourt Architects
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BC Place Stadium, VancouverOriginal ‐ Studio Phillips Barratt, Ltd Geiger Berger Engineers
Renovation – Stantec, Geiger and Schlaich Bergermann Engineers
ASU SkySong Innovation Center, Scottsdale, AZ
FLT Design
Shatyr Khan Entertainment Centre, Astana, Kazakhstan
Foster + Partners
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L
A
L = r/2 (Longitudinal Stress)A = r (Annular Stress)1/r1+ 2/r2 = (General 2-way Stress)
Inflatable Stresses
Inflatable Stresses
Inflatable Stresses
boom
= 5 psi
pssssshhhhh
= 1.5 psi
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Inflation Pressure
100 psi
35 psi
1.5 psi
0.03 psi (5 psf)
800Ø Tube, 28 kPa Inflation Pressure, 180mm long slit
Where does strength come from?
Material
Section Form
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Seams
4 Layers Thick
Compound Curvature
Type
s of
Str
uctu
res
Air Beam (Inflatable)Air SupportedCellular (Frame Supported)
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Canada’s Diversity GardensAssiniboine Park, Winnipeg
KPMB, Architecture49, Blackwell
Air
Infl
ated
Air Inflated (Air Beam) Structure
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Ontario Celebration Zone(HPA)
"Tensairity"
Kongsberg's Tubaloon Band Stand – Snohetta, Mauro Pedretti (engineer)
Air
Sup
port
ed
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CASE STUDY:CANADA’S DIVERSITY GARDENS
AT ASSINIBOINE PARK
KPMB & Architecture 49
KPMB & Architecture 49
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Site Plan
HTFC Planning and Design
Building Program
~6,000 SQ. FT.
Design Team• KPMB & Architecture49 (Architects)• HTFC Planning & Design (Landscape Architect)• Blackwell (Structural)• Transsolar (Energy & Climate)• Vector Foiltec (ETFE Systems)• Integral Group (Mechanical)• Lord Cultural Resources (Interpretation and Visitor
Experience)• Soberman Engineering (Vertical Transportation)• LRI Engineering (Code)• Altus (Quantity Surveyor)
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Cable Net
Radial Cables
Cable Net
Negative Spiral Cables
Cable Net
Positive Spiral Cables
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CASE STUDY:PROJET STE CATHERINE OUEST
Projet Sainte Catherine Ouest – Kanva, Blackwell
Modelling
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Prestress
= 800 mmi = 28 kPa (4 psi)a = (0.4 m)(28 kPa)
= 11.2 kPal = (0.4 m)(28 kPa)/2
= 5.6 kPa
5.6 kPa
Load Response - Snow
Load Response - Wind
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Fabric Strength
560 daN/5cm = 112 kN/m
FOS = 112 kN/m / 11.2 kN/m= 10 (annular prestress)
FOS = 112 kN/m / 16 kN/m
Detail Studies
Detail Studies