2018 physical education written examination · 2019-03-18 · 11 2018 physical education exam...

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONWritten examination

Friday 9 November 2018 Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

A 15 15 15B 11 11 105

Total 120

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.

• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.

Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof26pages• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions

Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice

questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.

At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2018

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2018

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 2

SECTION A – continued

Question 1Whichoneofthefollowingtrainingmethodswouldbethebestwaytotrainforweightlifting?A. fartlekB. resistanceC. continuousD. plyometrics

Question 2Tua,CalebandRockyallhaveaVO2max.of3.8L/min.IfTuaweighs58kg,Calebweighs98kgandRockyweighs125kg,whowouldbethemostsuitedtorunninga10kmrace?A. TuaB. CalebC. RockyandTuaD. CalebandTua

Question 3AerobicpoweristheA. rateofanaerobicenergyproduction.B. totalamountofenergyproducedintheabsenceofoxygen.C. totalamountofenergyproducedinthepresenceofoxygen.D. maximumrateofenergyproducedinthepresenceofoxygen.

Question 4OpenskillsA. areself-paced.B. allowapersontorepeatthesamemovementpattern.C. areperformedwhentheconditionsremainunchanged.D. varydependingontherequirementsoftheactivityorgame.

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.

3 2018PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER

Question 5Acoachisprovidingcrowdnoisesatatrainingsessioninordertosimulateagameenvironmentwhileanetballerispractisingshootinggoals.Whichtypeofconstraintisbeingmanipulatedinthisscenario?A. taskB. personalC. individualD. environmental

Question 6Whichfuelproducestheleastamountofenergypermolecule?A. triglyceridesB. bloodglucoseC. muscleglycogenD. storedATPandPC

Question 7Duringexercise,anindividual’sheartrateandtheforceoftheirheart’scontractionsareincreased.Asaresult,thereisA. nochangeinsystolicbloodpressure.B. adecreaseinsystolicbloodpressure.C. anincreaseinsystolicbloodpressure.D. alargedecreaseindiastolicbloodpressure.

Question 8Whichoneofthefollowingisacharacteristicofanathleteintheautonomousstageoflearning?A. Theathleteperformssubroutinesoutoforder.B. Theathleteisabletodetectsomeoftheirerrorsontheirown.C. Theathletehasdifficultyanticipatingwhatmovementisneeded.D. Theathletecanvarytheaccuracy,speedanduniformityoftheirmovements.

Question 9Inthe2018AmericanfootballSuperBowl,TomBrady,whowasinthequarterbackposition,wasseenquicklyassessingthemovementandpositionofhisteammatesandtheopposition,beforemakingadecisionaboutwheretopasstheball.Inplayssuchasthis,Bradywouldbeusingwhichtypeofattention?A. broad-internalfocus B. broad-externalfocusC. narrow-internalfocusD. narrow-externalfocus


SECTION A – continued

Question 10Theestimatedmaximumheartrateofa50-year-oldathletewouldbeA. 150bpmB. 170bpmC. 190bpmD. 220bpm

Question 11Whichoneofthefollowingfactorsaffectsflexibility?A. bloodvolumeB. bodymassindexC. musclefibretypeD. rangeofmovementaroundthejoint

Question 12Thecoachofalocalcricketteamisdecidingonaweeklypracticeschedulefortheteamduringthecompetitiveseason.

Day of the week

Schedule A Schedule B Schedule C Schedule D

Sunday practice9.00am–10.00am

Monday practice5.00pm–6.00pm

Tuesday practice5.00pm–7.00pm

practice5.00pm–6.00pm



Wednesday practice5.00pm–6.00pm

Thursday practice5.00pm–7.00pm




Friday practice5.00pm–6.00pm

Saturday game1.00pm–6.00pm

game1.00pm–6.00pm

game1.00pm–6.00pm

game1.00pm–6.00pm

Whichscheduleinthetableabovewouldbeconsideredthemostmassedpracticeschedulefortheteam?A. ScheduleAB. ScheduleBC. ScheduleCD. ScheduleD

5 2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

END OF SECTION ATURN OVER

Use the following information to answer Questions 13–15.In aerial skiing, the athlete skis down a relatively short hill and off a jump, and then they perform a variety of twists and flips in the air before landing.

Source: StockphotoVideo/Shutterstock.com

Question 13Which one of the following fitness components would be the most important in aerial skiing?A. speedB. reaction timeC. aerobic powerD. muscular power

Question 14Which biomechanical principle is the athlete applying to their performance by spreading their arms away from the torso during aerial skiing?A. accelerationB. displacementC. Newton’s first law of motionD. conservation of angular momentum

Question 15Which one of the following psychological strategies could an aerial skier use seconds before their jump in order to regulate feelings of stress and anxiety?A. biofeedbackB. pump-up music C. mental imageryD. jumping around

2018 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM 6

SECTION B – Question 1 – continued

Question 1 (9 marks)A coach collected data on one player during a 60-minute recreational European handball match. The data is presented in the following graph and table.

fast running sprint sidewaysmedium

sidewayshigh

backwards

locomotor category

Movement patterns

201816141210

86420

frequency (N)

Source: data and ideas from SCA Povos, et al., ‘Physical and Physiological Demands of Recreational Team Handball for Adult Untrained Men’, Biomed Research International, 2017, p. 5

Skill–frequency table

throws 20

jumps 27

changes of direction 13

a. The coach wants to assess the level of agility of his recreational European handball team.

Nameasuitablestandardisedfitnesstestandjustifywhythistestissuitable,basedonthephysiological requirements of the European handball team. 3 marks

Fitness test

Justification

SECTION B

Instructions for Section BAnswer all questions in the spaces provided.


SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER

Theplayersundertakeaplyometrictrainingprogram.

b. Describetwopossibleplyometricexercisesthatthecoachcoulduseaspartoftheplyometrictrainingprogram. 2marks

c. i. IdentifyonemuscularadaptationthataEuropeanhandballplayerwoulddevelopafterundertakingaplyometrictrainingprogram. 1mark

ii. OutlinehowthismuscularadaptationwouldimprovetheperformanceoftheEuropeanhandballplayer. 1mark

d. TheoverhandthrowinEuropeanhandballisanexampleoftheuseofathird-classlever.

Explainhowthemechanicaladvantageofathird-classleverisbeneficialwhenthrowinginEuropeanhandball. 2marks


SECTION B – Question 3–continued

Question 2 (2marks)Ventilationistheproductoftidalvolumeandrespiratoryrate.

Describetherelationshipbetweenventilationandoxygenconsumptionwhenmovingfromarestingstatetoexercising,andexplainwhytherelationshipoccurs.

Question 3 (11marks)Threemalesubjects,all20yearsofage,participatedinathree-monthtrainingprogram.Physiologicaldatawascollectedforeachsubjectpriortocommencingtheprogramandattheendoftheprogram.Thisdataisshownintheresultstablebelow.

Factor Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3

Pre- program

Post- program

Pre- program

Post- program

Pre- program

Post- program

restingheartrate(bpm) 60 55 63 65 50 45

maximumheartrate(predicted)(bpm)

200 200 200 200 200 200

sub-maximalheartrate(bpm) 140 130 160 160 130 125

strokevolume(sub-maximal)(mL/beat)

110 135 110 115 140 155

maximuma-vO2 diff.(mLofO2/ 100mLofblood)

12 16 12 12 16 18



Subject 1 and Subject 3 undertook the same training program for the three-month period. Subject 2 participated in a different training program.

a. What type of training did Subject 1 and Subject 3 most likely undertake? Justify your response using data from the results table on page 8. 4 marks

b. Explainhowthechangesreflectedinthepre-programandpost-programphysiologicaldataforSubject 1 and Subject 3 may lead to improvements in performance. 3 marks

c. With reference to intensity, discuss reasons why Subject 3 did not show the same improvement as Subject 1. Use data from the results table on page 8 to support your response. 4 marks



Question 4 (6marks)

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

time (s)

ATP turnover(Kcals/kg/min)

Energy system interaction and the differences in rates of ATP turnover during short-term intense exercise to fatigue

Source:JSBaker,MCMcCormickandRARobergs, ‘Interactionamongskeletalmusclemetabolicenergysystemsduringintenseexercise’,

inJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism,vol.2010,articleID905612,13pages,2010,p.8, <https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/905612>;©2010JulienSBaker,etal.

Examples of track and field events in athletics

Track Field

100m shotput

400m longjump

5000m polevault



Using the graph and the examples of track and field events in the tables on page 10, compare the characteristics of the aerobic energy system and the ATP-CP energy system by discussing fuel sources, rate of ATP production and recovery.



Question 5 (13 marks)Jalena is a 17-year-old student who wants to design a training program for her upcoming lacrosse season.

a. WhatisthefirststepJalenashouldcompletewhendesigningatrainingprogramforherself? 1 mark

b. Aspartofhertrainingprogram,Jalenacompletesthefollowingbatteryoffitnessteststoassessherfitnesslevels.

Test Result Rating

multi-stagefitnesstest level8shuttle2 average

35 m sprint 5.29 sec excellent

shoulder rotation test 34 cm fair

phosphaterecoverytest 43% poor

AnalyseJalena’sresultsinthetableabovetoidentifythefitnesscomponentsthatsheshouldaimtoimprove.Providereasonsforyouranswer. 3 marks

Jalenaaimstoparticipateinlongintervaltrainingtwiceperweekandcircuittrainingthreetimes perweekoverfourweeks.

c. Outline one strategy Jalena could use to monitor her training. 1 mark


SECTION B – Question 5 – continuedTURN OVER

d. Design a long interval training session that would be suitable for Jalena. 2 marks

Muscular endurance of both the upper and lower body is important in lacrosse.Jalena’s circuit training includes undertaking the following activities for two minutes each, with 30 seconds’ rest in-between:• skipping • depthjumps• highknees • legswings• sidesteps • sit-ups• starjumps • dips• push-ups • plank

e. Evaluate the effectiveness of this circuit training to improve muscular endurance for lacrosse. 3 marks

f. After six weeks of following her program, Jalena started to lose motivation and developed sore shins.

Outline one psychological strategy that Jalena could use to stay committed to her program. 1 mark



g. Suggest a suitable nutritional strategy that Jalena could use after her training sessions and explainhowthisstrategycouldoptimiseherrecovery. 2 marks

Question 6 (8 marks)The size of a playing area for soccer can be manipulated using the constraints-based approach to skill coaching and instruction.

a. Outline what type of constraint the size of a playing area is and explain how reducing the size oftheplayingareawillinfluenceopportunitiestoimproveskillsforplayersinthegameofsoccer. 2 marks

b. Akickinsoccercouldbeclassifiedasanopenskilloraclosedskill.

Classifythesoccerkickasanopenskilloraclosedskillandjustifyyourresponse. 3 marks



c. Thefollowingtablepresentsselectedphysiologicaldatacollectedfromplayersinastudyofsoccerthatcomparedactivitylevelsduringfive-a-sidesoccergames.Playerscompletedtwogamesoffourminutes’duration,withonegameoneachoftwodifferentfieldsizes.Therewasthreeminutesofactivityrecoverybetweengames.

Player averages

Small field size (20 m × 28 m)

Large field size (30 m × 42 m)

Heart rate(% of maximum)

86 87

Blood lactate concentration(mmol/L)

3.9 4.6

Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (/10)

5.9 6.2

Source:dataandmethodsbasedonERampinini,FMImpellizzeri,CCastagna,GAbt,etal., ‘Factorsinfluencingphysiologicalresponsestosmall-sidedgames’,

inJournal of Sports Sciences,April2007,p.662

Usingthedataprovided,comparethefactorsthatcausefatigueassociatedwithplaying small-fieldandlarge-fieldsoccer. 3marks



Question 7 (12marks)HayleyandherteammatesundertookaCooper12-minuteruntestaspartoftheirlocalunder-18footballteam’spre-seasonbatteryoffitnesstests.TheCooper12-minuteruntestisarunaroundanathleticstracktoachieveamaximumdistancein12minutes.

a. Hayley’sbloodlactatelevelremainedrelativelystableduringthemajorityoftheCooper12-minuteruntest.

Explainwhy. 2marks

b. TheCooper12-minuteruntestisafieldtest.

Justifytheselectionofthistestfortheunder-18footballteamfromaphysiological,psychologicalandsocioculturalperspective. 5marks



c. Hayley’scoachesdevelopedaspecifictrainingprogramforhertoimproveherscoreontheCooper12-minuteruntestbeforetheendoftheseason.

i. ListtwotrainingmethodsthatcouldhavebeenincorporatedintoHayley’strainingprogramtoimproveherperformance. 2marks

1.

2.

ii. Foroneofthetrainingmethodslistedinpart c.i.,designtheconditioningphaseofoneofHayley’strainingsessionsusingthecorrectapplicationoftrainingprinciples. 3marks



Question 8 (14marks)PitaTaufatofuaisanathletefromTongawhohascompetedinboththesummerandwinterOlympicGames.Hecompetedintaekwondointhe2016SummerOlympicGamesinRioandincross-countryskiinginthe2018WinterOlympicGamesinPyeongchang.TaufatofuaisonlythesecondathletefromaPacificnationtocompeteinaWinterOlympicGames.AsthereisnosnowinTongaornearhisbaseinBrisbane,Australia,Taufatofuainitiallytrainedbyrunningonsandduneswithwoodenplanksstrappedtohisfeettosimulatebeingonsnow.Hethentrainedonrollerskis.Thesetwotrainingtechniquesassistedwithdevelopingbalanceandfitness,andtheglidetechniquerequiredforcross-countryskiing.Taufatofualearnttoskiinthesnowinthreemonths.Hecompetedinthemen’s15kmfreecross-countryeventwithatimeof56:41.10andfinished114thoutofthe118competitors.Histimewasjustunder23minutesslowerthanthatofthegoldmedallistfortheevent.

a. WhenTaufatofuafirstbegantolearntoski,whatstageoflearningwashein? 1mark

b. Taufatofuastated,priortothe2018WinterOlympicGamesinPyeongchang,thathewantedto‘finishbeforetheyturnthelightsoff’and‘notskiintoatree’.

IdentifythepsychologicalstrategythatTaufatofuamayhaveusedtopreparefortheeventandoutlinehowthispsychologicalstrategymayhaveimprovedhisperformance. 2marks

c. SelectonesocioculturalfactorandexplainhowitmayhaveaffectedthedevelopmentofTaufatofua’sskiingskills. 2marks


SECTION B – Question 8–continuedTURN OVER

Duringthemen’s15kmfreecross-countryevent,Taufatofua’saveragespeedwasrecordedduringfourdifferentdistancesectorsofthecourse.Theresultsareshowninthetablebelow.

Distance sectors (km) Average speed (km/h)

0–1.5 16.84

1.5–7.5 16.22

7.5–13.5 15.13

13.5–15 17.75

d. Explainwhy,physiologically,whenparticipatinginthe15kmfreecross-countryevent,Taufatofua’saveragespeeddeclinedoverthefirst13.5kmoftherace. 3marks


SECTION B – continued

ThegraphbelowisarepresentationofTaufatofua’soxygenconsumptionduringthefirst13.5kmofthe15kmfreecross-countryevent.Thefinal1.5kmofthecourseisflat.

0 3 6 9 12 15 18

distance (km)

heart rate (bpm)or VO2 (L/min)

e. Completethegraphaboveforthelast1.5kmoftheeventandthe2kmTaufatofuacompletedasrecovery.ShadeandlabelthegraphtodemonstrateyourunderstandingofTaufatofua’soxygenconsumption,including:• steadystate• periodsofO2deficit• periodofexcesspost-exerciseoxygenconsumption(EPOC). 4marks

f. Duringrecovery,Taufatofua’sheartrateremainedelevated.

Explainwhatisoccurringphysiologically. 2marks



Question 9 (6 marks)The table below shows average speed data for two skiing events.

Skiing event Distance Average speed

short (sprint) 1.4 km 33 km/h

long 15 km 27 km/h

Explain how a skier can generate a higher average speed in a short (sprint) event compared to a long event. Use the data from the table above and your knowledge of energy system interplay in your response.



Question 10 (8marks)

Source:CorepicsVOF/Shutterstock.com

a. Identifytwoforcesactingonthecyclistsintheimageabove. 2marks

Thecyclistaheadisacceleratingawayfromtheothercyclist.

b. UseNewton’ssecondlawofmotiontoexplainhowthisisoccurringifthenet(overall)forceactingonbothcyclistsisthesame. 2marks

c. Provideanexampleofanintrinsicformoffeedbackthatthecyclistaheadwouldexperienceandexplainhowthiscouldassisttheirperformanceduringarace. 2marks



d. Aroadcyclingracebeganatmiddayandtookanaverageoffourhoursand50minutestocomplete.Itwascompletedin29°C.

Explainonewayinwhichthebodyregulatesitstemperatureandtheeffectthishasonperformance. 2marks



Question 11 (16marks) ScottbringshisfriendReneetohisgroupfitnessclasses,whereeveryonecompletesthesamestrength-basedresistancetrainingprogram.Theweeklyprogramisshownbelow.

Monday backsquat 5sets×3repetitions@85%of1repetitionmaximum(RM)

frontsquat 5sets×3repetitions@85%of1RM

weightedwalkinglunges 3sets×20m

Tuesday shoulderpress 5sets×3repetitions@85%of1RM

weightedpull-ups 3sets×3repetitions

longintervalrowing 1set×3repetitions (1km)@85%HRmax W:R=1:1

Thursday deadlift 5sets×3repetitions@85%of1RM

weightedsingle-legsquat 4sets×4repetitions

kettlebellswings 10sets×20repetitions 60secrestaftereachset

Friday benchpress 5sets×3repetitions@85%of1RM

weightedpull-ups 3sets×3repetitions

burpees 4sets×25repetitions 2minrestaftereachset

ScotthasbeentrainingfortwoyearsandReneehasneverdoneformalstrength-basedresistancetrainingbefore.

a. CritiquethetrainingprogramforitseffectivenessinimprovingScott’sstrengthandmaintaininghisanaerobiccapacity. 4marks


SECTION B – Question 11–continuedTURN OVER

BothScottandReneemeasuredtheirstrengththroughfitnesstestingbyperformingfourmajorliftsatthebeginningandendofaneight-weektrainingprogram.Theresultsareshowninthetablebelow.

Percentage change

Scott Renee

Back squat increased2% increased40%

Shoulder press increased1% increased20%

Dead lift increased3.5% increased60%

Bench press increased1.5% increased30%

b. StateaphysiologicalpurposeandapsychologicalpurposeofundertakingtheinitialfitnesstestingofScott’sandRenee’sstrength. 2marks

Physiologicalpurpose

Psychologicalpurpose

c. Describetwowaysinwhichthereliabilityofthefitnesstestsundertakencanbeensured. 2marks


END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

d. ExplainthedifferenceinresultsachievedbyScottandReneebyapplyingyourunderstandingofphysiological,biomechanicalandskillacquisitionprinciplesforimprovingperformance.Yourresponseshouldincludeadiscussionof:• chronicadaptations• forceproduction• stagesoflearning. 8marks

2018 physical education written examination · 2019-03-18 · 11 2018 physical education exam...

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