DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 – 2021

SUKUR CULTURAL LANDSCAPE ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

PLAN

2017-2021

DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS

MANAGEMENT PLAN

2017 - 2021

FOR

SUKUR CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER ONE - SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

1.1 Disaster and Disaster Risks

1.2 Possible risks /threats observed on site

1.3 Mitigation measures

1.4 Disaster Management Cycle

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Working teams and their functions

2.2 Sources of Information

2.3 List of stakeholders

2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation

2.5 Sources of Funding

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Implementation plan

3.2 Evacuation plan

CONCLUSIONS

INTRODUCTION

This Risk Preparedness component of the Sukur Management Plan

was developed after the review of the 2012-2016 document for the

site as a follow-up response to the decision of the World Heritage

Committee at its 41st Session held in Krakow, Poland in 2017; to

integrate the Risk Preparedness aspect to the main Conservation

Management Plan.

Sukur like other World Heritage Sites is faced with its own risk factors

which can be broadly classified as either natural or man-made. For

Sukur site, the natural factors include varying degrees of rainfall and

wind which affect the landscape, environment and structures.

Man-made factors include the over use of the resources through

farming, poaching, grazing and changing lifestyles. Recently the

north-eastern region of Nigeria has suffered a spate of insurgency

(boko haram) attacks of which Sukur hilltop also recorded such

incident.

Therefore, this plan is an appropriate strategy to prepare for such

challenges that may pose threats to the conservation status of the

site.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

HAZARD: Any situation, phenomenon or substance that has the potential to

cause damage or harm to people, their property and their

environment, infrastructure and services.

RISK: The likelihood or possibility of a dangerous occurrence with usually

negative outcome.

DISASTER: A significant/serious disruption of the normal functioning of a

community or a society which results in large scale material, human,

economic and/or environmental losses which are beyond the

capacity of the affected community to cope with, using its own

resources. MITIGATION: Taking action in the required timeframe before and during a disaster to

lessen post-event damage to lives and property. In many risk

management scenarios, the hazard itself cannot be reduced but the

risk from the hazard can be mitigated or reduced. PREVENTION: Measures taken to reduce the likelihood losses. Ideally prevention

aims towards zero but this is not often possible.

VULNERABILITY: the susceptibility (exposure) and the resilience (existing controls) of

the community and environment to hazards. The capacity to

reduce or sustain harm is considered. EMERGENCY: an unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state

that calls for immediate action. RESPONSE: The reaction to an incident or emergency to assess the damage or

impact to the site and its components, and actions taken to prevent

people and the property from suffering further damage. SITE/CULTURAL PROPERTY: refers in this document to the ensemble of Cultural

(tangible and Intangible) and Natural features that

constitutes the Sukur Cultural Landscape as a UNESCO

World Heritage Site.

REFERENCE: “MANAGING DISASTER RISKS” for World Heritage – World Heritage Resource Manual

CHAPTER ONE

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

1.1 DISASTER AND DISASTER RISKS

Disasters result from hazards which are broadly grouped as natural

or human induced.

Disaster Risk is understood to be a function of “hazard” and

“vulnerability”.

This Disaster Risk Management Plan therefore takes into

consideration the possible types and sources of hazards that could

affect the site and the susceptibility of the cultural property to these

hazards to varying degrees.

Categorization of Hazards

Natural Human-induced Climatic condition: windstorm

from North-East and South West

trade winds

Pest and Rodent attack on

buildings and structures

Erosion

Climate Change: Desertification

and Aridification

Fire outbreaks

Environmental pollution

Tourists pressure on the landscape

during festivals

Deforestation from slash and burn for

agriculture and fuel

Insurgency

Poaching

Migration

1.2 POSSIBLE RISKS/ THREATS OBSERVED ON SITE

a. WEATHER AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Climatic condition brings windstorms with the North-East winds

and rainstorm with the South West winds which sometimes

damage structures and sacred places due to the high altitude

of the plateau. Rainfall also causes soil erosion on the hilly terrain

of the landscape that affects some features of the site such as

the terrace farmlands and the paved stone walkways.

Erosion on the landscape along slope/terraces

b. FIRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

Fire outbreak on the landscape tends to be sporadic due to the

activities of some members of the community in hunting,

poaching and farm clearing which affects the biodiversity.

Furthermore, desertification resulting from weather and climate

affect the vegetation and some of the intervention measures

(afforestation) in conserving the core area thereby making the

cultural features vulnerable to natural hazards.

Desertification of landscape

c. HUMAN FACTORS

The large crowd of visitors during the National Yewal and

Initiation Festivals has some effect on the natural and cultural

features of the site due to mass pressure. In addition some human

activities which are mostly un-intentional through farming and

grazing affect some sacred structures on the landscape.

d. INSURGENCY

The activities of Boko Haram insurgents are threats to the security

of the region. The insurgents attack communities, destroy lives

and desecrate some of the features of the site.

Educational and Healthcare structures on the hilltop damaged by Boko Hara insurgents

1.3 MITIGATION MEASURES

CURRENT MITIGATION MEASURES

Afforestation, creation of starvation zones against fire outbreaks

and other intervention measures in conserving the core area

such as restoration of the stone paved walk way.

Enhanced protection of the core area from deforestation and

erosion through the provision of alternative source of energy and

improved monitoring measures.

Provision of fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment

with training of Sukur youths on modern firefighting methods.

On insurgency, the Federal Government Joint Task Force on

Counter-terrorism in the area is being assisted by the community

vigilante groups.

The community structures within the landscape are regularly

maintained by the Community in collaboration with the National

Commission for Museums and Monuments and Adamawa State

Government.

Availability of First Aid facilities and Health Response Personnel

for emergency services.

There are enlightenment campaigns through the media in

English and local languages to surrounding local communities on

basic disaster prevention and control measures.

ADDITIONAL MITIGATION MEASURES

Establish dedicated Fire Guard teams to check and handle fire

outbreak on the landscape, with a Fire Service Unit stationed

within the buffer zone and the core area for quick response.

Increased public awareness programs to educate the public

against environmental degradation and indiscriminate felling of

trees for fuel and farming.

Employ a combination of traditional and modern techniques in

the use of materials for restoration and conservation of structures

and sacred places to maintain the physical attributes (integrity).

1.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

• Maintain and update inventory and condition assessment

documentation of site features as well as bio-diversity records

• Carry out risk assessment

• Develop disaster scenario plans with responses

• Carry out risk prevention and mitigation activities

• Ensure that Disaster response teams (Individuals,

Institutions/agencies and Host communities are updated on

disaster preparedness requirements

• Check that disaster response equipment are functional and

properly deployed at designated areas

• Enlightenment Programme to the Public

• Implement required emergency

response procedures

• Co-ordinate various responses teams

and mitigate additional risk to site from

implementation of disaster emergency

response

POST DISASTER ACTION

• Document the degree of damage on the various

attributes of the site for better understanding of

the conditions of the level of destructions

• Update of inventory of flora and fauna taking losses

into account

• Regeneration of lost vegetation

Restoring structures using the original material

and maintaining the integrity and authenticity of the

landscape

• Review overall disaster response effectiveness

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 WORKING TEAM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Site Manager: is the team leader. Serves as the overall

head/desk officer in the management of the site.

Heritage and Monument Officers: Document the cultural and

natural attributes of the site. Carry out the maintenance of

traditional structures and attributes in the landscape. Facilitate

archiving for the intangible and tangible heritage through

various multimedia formats. Work with Education officers to

organize sensitization and awareness programmes on

conservation and protection of the landscape including basic

disaster prevention and control techniques.

Education Officers: carry out guided tours; provide public

awareness and enlightenment on various aspects of the

landscape. They assist researchers, conduct organized school

visits and develop programmes for heritage education.

Vigilante Groups: Carry out regular patrol of the landscape to

check movement of visitors and staff within the core area and

arrest or report to relevant authority whenever unruly behaviours

are spotted.

Conservators (professional and traditional): Ensure the

preservation, protection and maintenance of the traditional

structures against deterioration.

The Hidi and other Traditional Authorities: Supply information on

tangible and intangible heritage of the site and are also in

charge of cultural and spiritual activities on the site. They also

collaborate with other stakeholders for site conservation

activities.

Sukur Development Association: Liaise with National Commission

for Museums and Monuments on any developmental issues that

might affect the landscape.

2.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION

- Site Manager and Heritage Officers periodic reports

- Departmental and Annual reports

- Traditional Leaders accounts

- Cultural Experts reports

- Articles and Publications

- Archival Records and Photographs

2.3 LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS

National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM)

Adamawa State Agency for Museums and Monuments (ASAMM)

Adamawa State Ministry for Culture and Tourism

Adamawa State Fire Service

Adamawa State Emergency Management Agency (ADSEMA)

Adamawa State Ministry of Environment

Madagali Local Government Council

Madagali North Development Area

Sukur District Council

Hidi-in-Council

Sukur Development Association (SDA)

Kinjir Foundation

Sukur Youth Development Association (SYDA)

Matasa Integrated Community Support Initiative (MICSI)

National Orientation Agency (NOA)

National Institute for Cultural Orientation (NICO)

National Association of Sukur Students (NASS)

Culgreene International Ltd

Sahel Hospitality

Life Saving Grassroots Outreach (LESGO)

2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation

There will be regular assessment of the performance of this plan

based on evaluation of quarterly activity reports from the Site with

feedback provided to Management Committee during its

meetings also held on a quarterly basis.

Monitoring Team

Site manager

Heritage and Monuments Officers

Matasa Integrated Community Support Initiative (MICSI)

Hunters and Vigilante groups

Priority Needs Of The Site

Restoration of damaged attributes and vegetation

Fire equipment and drills

Fumigation and pest control facilities

Primary Health Care Centre

Capacity building for safety at the Site

2.5 Sources of funding

a) Federal Government of Nigeria through NCMM

b) Adamawa State Government through ASAMM

c) Madagali Local Government Area

d) National Yewal Festival Committee

e) Donor Agencies

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

HAZARD DISASTER IMPACT VULNERABILITY

LEVEL

RISK PREVENTION

MEASURE

ACTION BY

NATURAL Climatic factor -

windstorm

Desertification and

aridification

Pests and Rodents

attack on buildings

and structures

Soil Erosion along

slopes

Medium to

High

Damages to

and

deterioration

of cultural

features of

the site

Afforestation,

creation of

starvation

zones and

regular

intervention

measures in

conserving the

core area such

as restoration

of stone walk

ways.

NCMM

ASAMM

NOA

SDA

Ministry of

Environment

Madagali LGA,

and

Traditional

Authorities

HUMAN

ACTIVITIES

Fire outbreaks

Environmental pollution

Tourists pressure on the

landscape during

festivals

Deforestation from

slash and burn for

agriculture and fuel

Insurgency

Poaching

Migration

Medium to

High

Damages to

biodiversity

and cultural

features.

Threats to

lives and

property

Enhance

protection of

the core area

from

deforestation

and erosion.

Also provide

alternative

source of

energy and

increase

security

measures

NCMM

ASAMM

NOA

MICSI

SDA

Ministry of

Environment

Madagali LG

and

Traditional

Authorities

3.2 EVACUATION PLAN

An effective telecommunication system to be established at the

Site.

Strengthening of the traditional watch towers.

Exit routes from the landscape should be well designated.

Install proper signage to assist in emergency response as well as

handbooks for guides and flyers for visitors on basic emergency

response requirements are to be produced and utilized.

Provision of special security outfit for emergency purposes.

Community partnership with ADSEMA (Adamawa State

Emergency Response Agency)

CONCLUSION

The effective implementation of this plan will enhance the

conservation, preservation and protection of the natural and

cultural components of the property. This Disaster Risk Management

Plan (2017 -2021) will be reviewed periodically within the 5 year

period and new measures would be adopted in response to

emerging and evolving needs.

LIST OF PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION AND REVIEW OF THE DISASTER RISK

PREPAREDNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN (2017 – 2021)

CO-ORDINATION

Barr. Emeka Obiora Onuegbu Acting Director-General, National Commission

for Museums and Monuments, Abuja

Mallam Aliyu Abdu Lass Director Monuments, Heritage and Sites

NCMM Abuja

Ms. Victoria Ndidi Osuagwu Deputy Director, Monuments, Heritage and Sites

NCMM Abuja

Participants

1. Anthony Sham NCMM Sukur (Site Manager)

2. Joseph Lawu Zira NCMM Sukur

3. Rukaiyatu Jalani NCMM Yola

4. James Tizhe Siggi Youth Leader, Sukur

5. Nzomni Nuhu Sarki NCMM Yola

6. Luka Suleiman Kinjir Foundation

7. Andrawus Musa SDA

8. Musa S. Dzarma NCMM Yola

9. Mohammed N. Abdullahi NICO Yola

10. Afam I. Nwaonu NiCO

11. Emmanuel S. Ntasiri Rep Sukur Community

12. Simon Waida NCMM Sukur

13. Bashir Sani Auta NICO

14. Tijjani A. Ubandoma NOA

15. Adeneji Adeosun NICO Yola

16. Yohanna Vandi ASAMM Yola

17. Patricia Talmon ASAMM Yola

18. Joseph S. Gwary NCMM Sukur

19. Abubakar Usman NCMM Abuja

20. Aruwa John NCMM Abuja

21. Godwin Okonigene Ehis NCMM Abuja

22. Aisha Mohammed A.(Mrs.) NCMM Abuja

23. Ayeni Oise (Architect) NCMM Abuja

24. Adama Mohammed (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja

25. Tizhe Kwatri NCMM Abuja

26. Ebere Ume-Ezeoke (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja

27. Chinenye Chigbo (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja

28. Jide Adejuwon NCMM Abuja

29. Blessing Konyeha(Mrs.) NCMM Abuja

30. Babatunde Hambolu NCMM Abuja

31. Khadijat Abdulkadir (Mrs.) NCMM Abuja

32. Okafor Victoria NCMM Abuja