2017 indigenous languages of victoria revival and ... · monday 6 november 2017 reading time: 11.45...

INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES OF VICTORIA: REVIVAL AND RECLAMATION

Written examination

Monday 6 November 2017 Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

1 5 5 702 2 1 20

Total 90

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpeners,rulersandanyprintedmonolingualand/orbilingualdictionaryinoneortwoseparatevolumes.Dictionariesmaybeconsultedduringthereadingtimeandalsoduringtheexamination.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.

• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.

Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof20pages,includingassessment criteria for Section 2onpage20

Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Writeallyouranswersinthespacesprovidedinthisquestionandanswerbook.Thespacesprovided

giveyouanideaofhowmuchyoushouldwrite.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2017

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2017

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2017INDIGLANGSEXAM 2

Question 1 (23marks)

Kuuk ThaayorreKuukThaayorreisanIndigenouslanguagefromtheCapeYorkPeninsula,Queensland.

ReadthefollowingsentencesfromKuukThaayorrecarefully.

1. Waala yuk rathr Thefoolischoppingthestick.

2. Waala may rathirr Thefoolchoppedthevegetables.

3. Waala may yakirr Thefoolcutthevegetables.

4. Patp piinthr Thehawkwillgrow.

5. Waala may yakm Thefoolwascuttingthevegetables.

6. Waala patp waathm Thefoolwassearchingforthehawk.

7. Patpa yuk katpr Thehawkisgrabbingthestick.

8. Patpa paanth wakirr Thehawkfollowedthewoman.

9. Waala paanth wakm Thefoolwasfollowingthewoman.

10. Waala may yakr Thefooliscuttingthevegetables.

11. Waal piinthirr Thefoolgrew.

12. Waala may katpr Thefoolwillgrabthevegetables.

13. Patpa waal wakr Thehawkwillfollowthefool.

14. Waala may rathr Thefoolwillchopthevegetables.

15. Waala may waathirr Thefoolsearchedforvegetables.

SECTION 1

Instructions for Section 1Answerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.

SECTION 1 – Question 1–continued

3 2017INDIGLANGSEXAM

SECTION 1 – Question 1–continuedTURN OVER

a. ListalloftheKuukThaayorrewordsthatcorrespondtoeachofthefollowingEnglishexpressions.Forexample,alloftheKuukThaayorretranslationsoftheEnglish‘cut’, ‘iscutting’and‘wascutting’shouldbelistednexttotheword‘cut’below. 11marks

thefool

thehawk

thewoman

thevegetables

thestick

grab

follow

chop

grow

cut

searchfor

b. LookcarefullyatthedifferentformsoftheKuukThaayorreverbs.Eachverbformcanoccurwithdifferentendings.

Listeachoftheverbendingsfoundinsentences1–15onpage2andexplainwhateachonemeans. 6marks


SECTION 1 – continued

c. TranslatetheEnglishsentence‘thewomangrew’intoKuukThaayorre. 3marks

d. TranslatetheEnglishsentence‘thevegetablesaregrowing’intoKuukThaayorre. 3marks

Reference for Question 1TomFooteandAllenHall,Kuuk Thaayorre dictionary: Kuuk Thaayorre/English,JollenPress,Brisbane,1992


SECTION 1 – continuedTURN OVER

Question 2 (8marks)

PanyjimaPanyjimaisanIndigenouslanguagethatwasspokeninthePilbararegionofWesternAustralia.Table1liststhePanyjimapronounsthatmaybeusedasthesubjectofasentence.Readthistablecarefully.

Table 1. Panyjimasubjectpronouns

Singular Dual Plural

1st-person inclusive ngatha‘I’ ngali ‘youandI’ ngalikuru ‘you,theyandI’

1st-person exclusive ngaliya ‘s/heandI’ ngaliyakuru ‘theyandI’

2nd person nyinta‘you’ nhupalu ‘youtwo’ nhupalukuru‘youall’

3rd person thana‘s/he’ thanakutha‘theytwo’ thananmarra ‘theyall’

Foreachofsentences1–10below,identifythePanyjimapronounthatcorrespondstotheunderlinednounphrase.Thefirsttwohavebeencompletedforyou.Forexample,thecorrectanswertosentence1isthe 3rd-personpluralpronounthananmarra, sinceitreferstomorethantwopeople,noneofwhomarethepersonspeakingorthepersonbeingspokento.

1. Peterandhisthreecousinswenttothebeach. thananmarra

2. Iwenttothebeach. ngatha

3. YouandIwenttothebeach.

4. PeterandJackwenttothebeach.

5. MyfoursistersandIwenttothebeach.

6. Peterwenttothebeach.

7. Alfred,Celia,PeterandIwenttothebeach.

8. Peter,Pauline,youandIwenttothebeach.

9. YouandJohnwenttothebeach.

10. Paulinewenttothebeach.

Reference for Question 2AlanCharlesDench,‘Panyjimaphonologyandmorphology’,unpublishedMAthesis,AustralianNationalUniversity,Canberra,February,1981



Question 3 (6marks)

WagimanWagimanisanIndigenouslanguagefromtheNorthernTerritory.

ReadthefollowingWagimansentencescarefully.(PleasenotethattheexamplesusedinQuestion3havebeeneditedforclarity.)

1. Lamarrayi badina maluga Thedogbittheoldman.

2. Lamarra gani gudalaying Thedogissittingbythefire.

3. Malugayi ya’yi lamarra Theoldmantoldthedog.

4. Maluga gani gudalaying Theoldmanissittingbythefire.

5. Warre gani gudalaying Thechildissittingbythefire.

6. Lamarrayi badina warre Thedogbitthechild.

a. ConsideralloftheWagimanwordsfor‘oldman’and‘dog’insentences1–6above.ForeachoftheseEnglishtranslations,therearetwoslightlydifferentformsofwordsinWagiman.

ForoneoftheEnglishterms‘oldman’or‘dog’,describewhatdetermineswhichformofWagimanisused.Includeat least twoexamplesfromsentences1–6inyouranswer. 4marks

b. TranslatetheEnglishsentence‘Thechildtoldtheoldman’intoWagiman. 2marks

Reference for Question 3AnthonyRCook,‘WagimanMatyin:AdescriptionoftheWagimanlanguageoftheNorthernTerritory’, unpublishedPhDthesis,LaTrobeUniversity,Melbourne,1987




WerkayaThesurveyorRHMathewswrotedowninformationaboutwhathecalledtheJatjalliorPinePlainLanguageinanotebookthatisnowkeptattheNationalLibraryofAustralia.ThisisoneofthevarietiesoftheWerkayalanguagefromtheWimmera.ThepersonwhogavethelanguageinformationwasNedMcLennan.(PleasenotethatsomeexamplesusedinQuestion4havebeeneditedforclarity.)Mathewsgivesthewordfor‘boomerang’asgatim-gattim;hegivesthewordtranslatedvariouslyas‘that’or‘there’spelledbothasnyooa andnyoowa.Table2givesthreephraseswiththeword‘boomerang’.

Table 2

myboomerang nyoowa gatim-gattimekyourboomerang nyoowa gatim-gattiminhisboomerang nyoowa gatim-gattimook

a. InTable2,howis‘my’expressedinJatjalli? 1mark

b. InTable2,Mathewstranslatesnyoowa gatim-gattimekas‘myboomerang’.

However,ifwealsoincludethewordnyoowa,whatistheprecise,word-by-wordtranslationofthisphrase? 1mark

c. Howdoyousay‘your’and‘his’inJatjalli? 1mark

Mathewsgivesasecondsetofphraseswiththesamemeaning.ThesearepresentedinTable3.

Table 3

myboomerang nyooangek gatim-gattimyourboomerang nyooangin gatim-gattimhisboomerang nyooanyook gatim-gattim

d. Explainhowpossession(‘my’)isexpressedinthefirstlineofTable3.UsingoneexamplefromTable2andoneexamplefromTable3,comparethetwodifferentversions. 2marks



e. Listtheformsoftheendingsmeaning‘my’,‘your’and‘his’giveninTable2andTable3,andexplainanydifferencebetweenthem. 3marks

AsetofnounsthatMathewsrecordedislistedinTable4.

Table 4

gal dogbergoo taillahr campgoolgoon boy

ThereisasuffixinJatjalliwiththeform-athatisaddedtoanountoindicatethatthenounisthepossessorofsomething.ItissimilarinmeaningtotheEnglish-sontheword‘cat’s’inaphrasesuchas‘thecat’spaw’.However,inotherways,JatjalliandEnglisharedifferent.

f. Mathewsrecordedthephrasebergook gala,withthemeaning‘adog’stail’.

ExplainhowthegrammarofJatjalliexpressesthemeaningoftheconnectionbetween‘dog’and‘tail’.Whatistheprecise,word-by-wordtranslationofthisphrase? 2marks

g. Mathewsalsorecordedthephraselahrngook goolgoona,meaning‘aboy’scamp’.

Explainthegrammaticalstructureofthisphrase. 2marks


SECTION 1 – continuedTURN OVER

AnothertwowordsrecordedbyMathewsweregoomboon,meaning‘islyingdown’,andgimba,meaning‘here’or‘this’.ConsiderthesentenceinTable5.

Table 5

gal gimba goomboon walmengek thedogisbehindme

h. Whichpartofthissentencemeans‘behindme’? 1mark

i. ExplaineachpartofthesentenceinTable5andthemeaningofeachpart. 3marks

j. TranslatethefollowingwordsintoEnglish. 2marks

walmengin

walmenyook

Reference for Question 4RHMathews,Notebook 1,NationalLibraryofAustralia,MS8006/3/4,pp.22–29




WarlpiriTheWarlpirilanguageisspokenatYuendumuinCentralAustralia.ThemodernspokenWarlpirilanguageusesmanyEnglishwords.Table6givesseveralexamplesofWarlpiriwordsandtheirEnglishequivalents.

Table 6

Pipuwarri Februarypiipi babypanji fancypuluku bullockpilayi playpija picture

a. Whatisthenameofthelinguisticprocessforcreatingnewwordsthatisoccurringhere? 1mark

b. Considerthefirstletter,‘p’,oftheWarlpiriwordsinTable6.WhataretheEnglishsoundsthatthislettercorrespondsto? 1mark

TheWarlpirialphabetisverydifferentfromtheEnglishalphabet.TheconsonantsarelistedinTable7.SomeoftheseconsonantsoundsaredifferentfromEnglishconsonantsounds.Forexample,theletters‘rd’,‘rl’,‘rn’and‘rt’arewaysofwritingsoundsnotfoundinEnglish,butthatareproducedbythetipofthetonguecurlingbacktotouchtheroofofthemouth.

Table 7

j k l ly m n ng ny p r rd rl rn rr rt t w y

c. LookatthewordsinTable6.TheEnglishwordsbeginwithseveraldifferentconsonants.

Suggestreasonswhytheyareallpronouncedwithaninitial‘p’inWarlpiri. 2marks



Table7showsthereisno‘s’intheWarlpirialphabet.ConsiderthewordsinTable8.

Table 8

jupa soapjupu soupjipi sheepjapu shopjawa showerJanyuwari JanuaryJulayi Julyjatimapi shutup

d. Howisthesound‘s’inEnglishexpressedinWarlpiri? 1mark

e. Whatothersoundsareexpressedwiththeletter‘j’intheWarlpiriwordsinTable8? (Note:SomesoundsinEnglishmaybewrittenwithmorethanoneletter.) 1mark

Table9providesafurtherlistofWarlpiriwords.

Table 9

jiminti cementjipini sevenKimpi Kimby(brandofdisposablenappy)kantini canteenrapiji rubbishkamulu camelpuluku bullocktawunu towntawurlu towelnanikutu nannygoatkanjurlu council

f. ConsiderthewordsinTable9.Basedonthisinformation,howmanyvowelsarethereinWarlpiriandwhatvowelsarethey? 2marks



g. ConsidertheWarlpiriwordsinTable9for‘cement’,‘seven’and‘Kimby’(thenameofadisposablenappymuchusedinYuendumu).WhichWarlpirivowelformscorrespondtothevowelsinEnglish?WhatisthedifferencebetweenthewayinwhichWarlpiriexpressesvowelsandthewayinwhichEnglishexpressesvowels? 2marks

h. WehaveconsideredthewaythatthedifferentconsonantsandvowelsinEnglishareexpressedinWarlpiriloanwords.

NowconsidertheotherwordsinTable9anddiscussanyotherdifferencesbetweentheEnglishandtheWarlpiri.(Note:Thisrelatestotheendofthewords;pronouncethewordstoyourselfandseewhatotherdifferencesyounotice.)Giveat least twoexamplesofwordsthatillustratethedifferencesyounotice.Forexample,explainwhy‘canteen’ inWarlpirihasafinal‘i’ sound. 3marks


END OF SECTION 1TURN OVER

ConsiderthewordsinTable10.

Table 10

kuurlu schoolpuunu spoon

i. WhatotherprocessofsounddifferencebetweenEnglishandWarlpiriisexemplifiedin Table10? 2marks

Reference for Question 5DavidNash,‘TESLandWarlpirichildren’,inNT Bilingual Education Newsletter,No.1,6–24,2,47,1983


EITHER

Question 6 (20marks)ThefollowinglanguageknowledgeandskillsarerelevanttotherevivalandreclamationofAboriginallanguages:• beingfamiliarwiththesoundsandpronunciationofthelanguage• appreciatingdifferentspellingoptions• understandinghowthesentencegrammarworks• beingabletoconstructnewwords• beingabletoformnewsentences• beingabletouselanguagecreatively• findingoutwhichearlysettlersorgovernmentofficialswereinterestedinthelanguageandwheretheir

personalmanuscriptsand/orpublicationsareavailable

a. Whatisthetargetlanguagethatyouhaveworkedwiththisyear?Describethewaysinwhichthree or moreofthedotpointsabovehavebeenimportantinyourlanguagereclamationstudy.Includedetailedexamplestoillustrateandexplaineachofthedotpointsthatyouhavechosentodiscuss.

SECTION 2

Instructions for Section 2Answeronequestion,eitherQuestion6orQuestion7,inthespacesprovided.Yourresponsewillbeassessedaccordingtothecriteriasetoutonpage20ofthisquestionandanswerbook.




b. Discussindetailhowyourexperienceofworkingwith/beingpartoftherelevantAboriginalcommunitydeepenedyourunderstandingoftheissuesrelevanttolanguagerevivalandlanguagereclamation.

Youmayrespondtothisquestionbycomparingyourknowledgeandunderstandingatthebeginningoftheyearwithyourknowledgeandunderstandingattheendofyourcourseofstudy.Youshouldalsoincludethedetailsofvariousexperiencesyouhadduringtheyear–keyturningpoints–thathelpedtodeepenyourunderstandingoftheissuesinvolvedandhelpfulanecdotesaboutyourexperiences.



c. SuggesttworeasonswhypeoplemightwanttoengageinAboriginallanguagereclamation.



OR

Question 7 (20marks)a. Describethestepsyouwouldneedtotaketoproducetwo or morewrittenitemstoassistinthe

reclamationofyourtargetlanguage(thelanguagebeingreclaimedorrevived).Inyouranswer,youneedtoaddresseachofthefollowingissues:• Intermsofthecontentoftheitems,wouldtheybe,forexample,completestories,wordsorphrases?• Intermsofthenatureoftheitems,wouldtheybe,forexample,books,booklets,interactive

computerprograms,mobilephoneappsorothermaterials?• ShouldtheybeinthetargetlanguageonlyorinboththetargetlanguageandEnglish?• Howwouldyougoaboutselectingthecontent?Describetheroleofthecommunityinthistask.• HowmightyourstudyofotherAboriginallanguagesassistyouincompletingthiswork?

Describe,inasmuchdetailaspossible,howthecommunitymembers’knowledgeofthelanguagecouldbeusedtoyouradvantage.



b. Inproducingthesewrittenitems,describehowhistoricalrecordsofyourtargetlanguageorAboriginallanguagesmorebroadlymighthelpyouinselectingthecontent.Describegrammaticalfeatures,vocabularyandotheraspectsofthetargetlanguagethatyouwouldwishtohighlightinproducingnewresources.


END OF SECTION 2TURN OVER

c. Describehowtraditionalstoriesorculturaltraditionsmightbeusedinproducingthesewrittenitems.Whatresourcesareavailable,bothintermsofmemorieswithinthetargetcommunityandfeaturesofthetraditionallandsofthetargetlanguage?


Assessment criteria for Section 2

ContentTheextenttowhichthestudentdemonstratesanunderstandingof:• thebroadissuesrelatedtolanguagereclamation• howandwhylanguagesdifferandhowtheychangeovertime• therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture

PresentationThequalityofresponses,demonstratedby:• thecomprehensivenessoftheresponse(s)• thecoherenceandrelevanceoftheresponse(s)• theeffectivenessoftheuseoflanguageexamples

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

2017 indigenous languages of victoria revival and ... · monday 6 november 2017 reading time: 11.45...

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