20160505 comsoc ni mmwave all

8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All

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mmWave

Next-Generation WirelessPrototyping

Sponsored by


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2ni.com

mmWave: Next-Generation Wireless Prototyping

Dr. Ahsan AzizWireless Research Lead User Team Manager

Dr. Wes McCoyPrinciple Wireless Platform Architect

Sarah YostProduct Marketing Manager| SDR & Wireless Research


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3ni.com

ITU-R Vision for 5G

eMBB

uMTC, UR/LLmMTC

>10 Gb/s Peak

Rate

< 1 mSLatency

100 X MoreDevices


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4ni.com

8 Capabilities

ITU-R Vision for IMT-2020 and Beyond

Connection

Density

Network

Energy Efficiency

Area Traffic

Capacity

Peak

Data Rate

Low

Med

Latency

User Experience

Data Rate

Spectrum

Efficiency

Mobility

High

Source – ITU-R M.[IMT.VISION]

eMBB

uMTC, UR/LL

mMTC


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5ni.com

Approaching The Pivotal Moment

We are here

Source: www.gsmhistory.com/who_created-gsm

Technical ideas from a huge number of sources

Implementation by a large number of suppliers & operators

5G

Broad Based Adoption

Pivotal Moment of Standardization 1987

1982-85

1988-91

Birth of GSM The Pivotal Year

GSM

Billions of Devices

Multiple Ideas


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6ni.com

Massive MIMO / FD MIMO: Theoretical 10X Capacity Gain

Phased ArrayPhased Array

Phased ArrayPhased Array

…8 Transceiver Base

Station8 Transceiver Base

Station

Phase I: Hybrid Beamforming Phase 2: Digital Beamforming

64 Transceiver Base Station64 Transceiver Base Station

Prototyping is needed.

3-5x est. capacity 10x est. capacity


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7ni.com

Practical Implications of Massive MIMO

¼ λ

Patch

128 Element Linear Dipole Array• 750 MHz = 12.8m wide• 3.5 GHz = 2.75m wide

Source: Building image from Rusek, et al “Scaling up MIMO: Opportunitiesand Challenges with Very Large Arrays,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine

¼ λ

Dipole


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8ni.com

100 Year History of mmWave (30 GHz – 300 GHz)

http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-history/first-ieee-milestones-in-india

https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~demerson/bose/bose.html

J.C. Bose at theRoyal Institution,London, 1897

Modern point-to-pointmmWave link


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9ni.com

NYU Wireless: mmWave Channel Sounder

• NYU Wireless group published channel sounding results for mmWave

• 28, 38, and 72 GHz

Prof. Ted Rappaport


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10ni.com

The Question of Frequency: WRC-15 Outcome

• The ITU released a list of globally viable frequencies for 5G mmWave technologies


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11ni.com

The Question of Frequency: FCC Embraces mmWave

FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) that proposesnew flexible service rules among the 28 GHz, 37 GHz, 39 GHz, and64-71 GHz bands.

Image Source: FCC 15-138, Page 12, Oct 23, 2015https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-promotes-higher-frequency-spectrum-future-wireless-technology-0


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The Question of Frequency: 28 GHz

• 28 GHz could be the first mmWave frequency to be deployed

• Being considered in US, Korea, and Japan

• Field trials at 28 GHz underway

• Not viable frequency for Europe


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The Question of Frequency: 73 GHz

• Real-time over the air demonstrations show73 GHz is viable

• Over 14 Gbps throughput achieved

• Globally viable frequency

• More work at this frequency expected duringPhase 2


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The Question of Frequency: 38 & 39 GHz

• Not much published research, yet

• Globally viable frequency

• Part of the phase 1 sub 40 GHz research

• Verizon also purchased spectrum at 38 GHz

• Wider contiguous bands available than at 28 GHz


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mmWave Research Areas

Channel Research

• Channel sounding measurements

• Creating channel models

• Validating channel models

Communications Prototyping

• New physical layer/new air interface

• Adapting existing standards from 20

MHz bandwidth to 2 GHz bandwidth• Over the air testing at new mmWave

frequencies

Channel


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Channel Sounding


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Motivation for mmWave Channel Sounding

• Understanding mmWave channel propagation in cellular environment

• 5G mmWave for wireless access technology is a new area for cellular

• Lack of data and consistency in models

• mmWave propagation channel models for various frequencies and environment are currently availablefrom different groups, but lacks consistency and use case.

• NI’s role in Channel Sounding

• Enable researchers to do measurements efficiently to create and validate the channel models• Use the same HW to run a data link in the same environment immediately and gather system

performance


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Early Channel Sounding Results

Source: Nokia (NI 5G Summit at Notre Dame)


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Ryan J. Pirkl* and Gregory D. Durgin, “How to Build an Optimal Broadband Channel Sounder”, Georgia Institute ofTechnology, School of ECE, 777 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, http://www.propagation.gatech.edu

Channel Sounding with sliding correlators


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Some parameters of interest for mmWave sounding

• Channel parameters

• Pathloss > 170 dB

• Time of arrival measurement > 1.33 (400 meters)

• Maximum Excess delay ~1.33

• MIMO channel sounding – AoA, AoD• PDP resolution within few nanoseconds

• Doppler

• Calibration

• IQ skew, Gain imbalance, LO leakage

• Power

o Convert channel tap values to dBm


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ni.com

mmWave Channel Sounder

Wideband sounder


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Transmitter Block Diagram

blockgeneration

pulseshaping

ZC Seqparameters RRC filter

• Zadoff-Chu Sequence block• Length = 1920 samples at 3.072 GS/s

• Tx transmits 'x' repetitions of ZC seq. at each PPS trigger

Transmit 'x'repetitionsTransmit 'x'repetitions

PPS trigger

DACDAC

FPGA

Host


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Receiver Software Architecture

FPGAHost

MFMF EqualizerAverage

Rx ZC Seq.Average

Rx ZC Seq.

Post Processing(rms delay spread,

Doppler etc.)

From A/D

EqualizerLUT

ChannelImpulse

Response

CFOcorrectionCFOcorrection

Receive block diagram

IQcorrectionIQcorrectionApply

Power Cal.


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Sounding Signal Design


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Sensitivity per Antenna Port• Sensitivity of the channel sounder

o = + − − ⇒ = −

o ! = −

" KTB @ 2GHz = − 174dBm/Hz + 93dB = −81 dBm

(Noise Figure) = 7 dB

#" $%& = ERP, Transmit power, dBm = #" &' + = () + (3*, = - */

(Processing gain) = 10log10(Signal sample duration) = 36 dB (3840 samples)

(Averaging gain) = 10log10(Number of averaged CIRs)

• Current setup:

•

For 50 averaged CIRs (33.3 µs duration), 0 1 *• For the current parameters = −1 + − 32 − 1 = −127dBm

• = −1(*/ − (3*, = −1)4*/⇒ ! = - − −1)4*/ = 15*

• Assume 20 SNR per CIR, 198dB-20dB, 178dB Pathloss measurement capability


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Waveform Design

Zadoff-ChuSequence Block


2.56 µs (1920 samplesat 1.536 GS/s)

…Zadoff-ChuSequence Block




• Waveform

• Repetition of ZC Sequences 6 7 = 89:;


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Calibration for Channel Sounding


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RF, IF & Baseband Calibrations

1. IQ Impairment correction both on TX and RX side

2. Hardware frequency Response Calibration

• Frequency Domain Equalizer

3. Linearity Tests• Linear range of operation for RF/IF (TX & RX)

4. Hardware delay Calibrations

• Necessary for Measuring Flight Time accurately

• Account for delays between PPS triggers, propagation delays over cable, etc.

5. Power Calibration• Convert Channel Impulse Response from dB to dBm.


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Demo

• Playback of Channel Impulse Responses at 28.5 GHz


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5G mmWave New Radio PoC System


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Why develop a mmWave PoC system for research?

• Physical layer

• New air interface design – e.g. 5G RAT

o Scalable BW, Sub 1ms latency, MIMO support, channel coding – LDPC, Polar codes etc., beamsteering/tracking, various control channel design, cell search ….

• Higher layers

• New network topology

o Low latency MAC, multiuser support, scheduling algorithms, hand off mechanisms, …..

• Semiconductor

• mmWave IC – performance vs. power, size, cost tradeoffs

• Antenna subsystem

• Enabling many new areas such as self driving cars, massive number of connected devices aspart of IoT, many more….

Every new idea will requires building some sort of PoC system fast


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Some key requirements for a mmWave research platform

• Hardware Requirements:

• High performance

o Needs to serve as a golden reference

• Flexible

o Needs to be modular and scalable in terms of BW, channel count, latency, computational capabilities

o Flexible processing architecture

o Accommodate different HW partitioning to enable testing of different modules developed by researchers

• Software Requirements

• Unified software environment - provide varying degree of determinism, latency, throughput

o FPGA, DSP, MCU etc.

• Software development environmento Open & modifiable- not too complex yet rich functionality

• Hardware abstraction

o I/O, Timing, synchronization etc.

• Rich set of very high throughput DSP IP blocks

Make it easy for the developer so that they can focus of the research


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Proposed platform for 5G mmWave PoC system development

mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave

Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver


Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter

BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband




MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA

ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing


ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingData

Analog

Baseband

Digital

Baseband


Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter



IFIFIFIF

Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter

IFIFIFIF






MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA




Analog

BasebandDigital

Baseband

Data

Modular radio heads to support

multiple frequencies


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mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICICmmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICIC IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband








Analog

Baseband

Digital

Baseband

mmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICIFIFIFIF


IFIFIFIF










Analog

BasebandDigital

Baseband

Data


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mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICICmmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICIC









Analog

Baseband

Digital

Baseband









Analog

BasebandDigital

Baseband

Data


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Air Interface for mmWave MIMO PoC system for 5G

• Modulation:

• Single Carrier Null CP

• BPSK 1/5, QPSK ½, 16QAM ½, 16QAM 7/8, 64QAM ½, 64QAM 7/8

• Some system configurations:

• TDD [UL and DL support]• 2/3us block duration (with null CP), 150 blocks/slot; 100us/slots

• Real time beam tracking [feedback]

• Bandwidth: 2GHz

• Sample rate: 3.072 Gs/S

• 2x2 MIMO

• RF: 73.5GHz

• Sub 1ms system latency

M. Cudak, T. Kovarik, T. A. Thomas, A. Ghosh, Y. Kishiyama and T. Nakamura, "Experimental mm wave 5G cellular system," 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Austin, TX,2014, pp. 377-381.


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NI mmWave Transceiver System


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2GHz 2x2 MIMO Receiver Baseband

Matchedfilter

Fine Timing & CFO est

Align counters &Applycorrection

FFT

Coarse Timing

FFT

Channel Est

Channel Est

MIMO EQ

Wmmse

Pilot

Pilot

MIMOEqualization

W1

Odd

Even

Matchedfilter

Align counters &Applycorrection

FFT

FFT

Channel Est

Channel Est

Pilot

Pilot

MIMOEqualizer

W2

Odd

Even

IFFT

IFFT

Wmmse=[W1 W2]

Stream 1

Stream 2

Stream 1Decoder

Stream 1Decoder


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FPGA Mapping for Baseband

7976R79023630

Q

Q

I

I

REF IN

REF OUT

7976R 7976R 7976R7902

7976R79023630

Q

Q

I

I

REF IN

REF OUT

7976R 7976R 7976R

PXIe-8880

PCIeSwitch

PCIeSwitch

Channel 0Analog

DifferentialI and Q

Channel 1Analog

DifferentialI and Q

LLRTurbo Decoders

MIMO Processor

• Channel Est• Wmmse

ADC InterfaceI/Q Correction

RRC FilterFrame SyncEqualization

3072 MS/s12-bit

Digitizer

Data AggregationHost Processing

Eight-coreIntel Xeon E5-2618L

PXIe-1085 Chassis #2PXIe-1085 Chassis #1

7902


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High Throughput DSP IP for Multi Gbps mmWave PoC: Wide Data PathFFT

• 512 FFT (4x128) Radix-4 Decimation in Time

SerialFFT128Serial

FFT128

SerialFFT128Serial

FFT128

SerialFFT128SerialFFT128

SerialFFT128Serial

FFT128

x3,x7,x11…

x2,x6,x10…

x1,x5,x9…

x0,x4,x8… xx

TwiddlefactorsTwiddlefactors

xx

xx

xx

P a r a l l e l F F T 4

P a r a l l e l F F T 4

X384,X385,X386…

X256,X257,X258…

X128,X129,X130…

X0,X1,X2…


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Conclusions

• mmWave for wireless access is a new technology

• Will require both theoretical research and building PoC systems to validate system performance

• Will require much data collection in different environment in order to characterize signal behavior atmmWave

• Research in mmWave spans all the way from channel models to new RAT and semiconductordevelopment

• mmWave technology will also enable new application space that are beyond our imaginationtoday


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The Role of Spectrum Sharingin Future Wireless NetworksThank you for viewing this IEEE ComSoc Live Webinar.

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20160505 comsoc ni mmwave all

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