2016 data summary - iowa department of public health · 2018-07-10 · 1 2016 data summary july...

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2016 Data Summary

July 2017

Prepared by

Mary E. Losch, Ph.D.

Rodney J. Muilenburg, B.L.S.

Stephanie J. Strong, M.A.

Center for Social and Behavioral Research

University of Northern Iowa

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OVERVIEW

The findings in this summary are based on the Iowa Barriers to Prenatal Care project.

Ongoing since 1991, the purpose of this project is to obtain brief, accurate information about

women delivering babies in Iowa hospitals. Specifically, the project seeks to learn about

women’s experiences getting prenatal or delivery care during their current pregnancy. Other

information is included which may be pertinent to health planners or those concerned with the

systematic development of health care services.

This project is a cooperative venture of all of Iowa’s maternity hospitals, the University

of Northern Iowa Center for Social and Behavioral Research, and the Iowa Department of Public

Health. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded the first three years of this project. The

current funding is provided by the Iowa Department of Public Health. The Director is Dr. Mary

Losch, University of Northern Iowa Center for Social and Behavioral Research. The

Coordinator for the project is Rodney Muilenburg.

The questionnaire is distributed to nearly eighty maternity hospitals across the state of

Iowa. Nursing staff or those responsible for obtaining birth certificate information in the

obstetrics unit are responsible for approaching all birth mothers prior to dismissal to request their

participation in the study. The questionnaire takes approximately ten minutes to complete.

Completed questionnaires are returned to the University of Northern Iowa Center for Social and

Behavioral Research for data entry and analysis. Returns are made monthly, weekly, or

biweekly depending on the number of births per week in a given hospital. Except in the case of a

mother who is too ill to complete the questionnaire, all mothers are eligible to be recruited for

participation.

The present yearly report includes an analysis of large Iowa cities, a trend analysis of the

last ten years, and a frequency analysis of all variables included in the 2016 questionnaire.

Unless otherwise noted, all entries reflect percentages. Please note that, because percentages

were rounded, total values may not equal 100%. Data presented are based upon 2016

questionnaires received to date (n = 21,928). All analyses reflect unweighted percentages of

those responding.

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Questions concerning this project or additional data requests may be addressed to:

Mary Losch, Ph.D.

Director, Center for Social & Behavioral Research


Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0402

Phone: (319) 273-2105

Fax: (319) 273-3104

[email protected]

Rodney Muilenburg, B.L.S.

Associate Field Supervisor, Center for Social & Behavioral Research


Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0402

Phone: (319) 273-2105

Fax: (319) 273-3104

[email protected]

Recommended Citation:

Losch, M. E., Muilenburg, R. J., & Strong, S. J. (2016). Iowa Barriers to Prenatal Care Project.

Iowa Department of Public Health, University of Northern Iowa Center for Social and

Behavioral Research: 2016 Data Summary.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Analysis of Selected Variables by City…………………………………………………….5

B. Trend Analysis of Barriers Data: 2007-2016……………………………………………...10

C. 2016 Questionnaire Frequency Tables…………………………………………………….15

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A. Analysis of Selected Variables by City

The present section compares the findings across the following cities for all 2016 data received

(n = 21,928). Location of birth is the basis for analysis.

DM = Des Moines (n = 7,114)

QC = Quad Cities (n = 381)

SC = Sioux City (n = 499)

WL = Waterloo (n = 1,289)

CR = Cedar Rapids (n = 1,869)

DB = Dubuque (n = 787)

IC = Iowa City (n = 1,273)

*All data provided in the following tables reflect percentages unless otherwise noted.

Mother/Family Characteristics

Overall, the age of the mothers in the cities matched the state data. Sioux City had a higher

percentage of mothers aged 18-19 (4%) than the other cities. Iowa City (12%) had the highest

percentage of mothers over 35 (Table A1).

Table A1. Mother’s Age

STATE DM QC SC WL CR DB IC

< 18 years 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 <1

18 - 19 years 03 03 03 04 02 03 01 02

20 - 25 years 26 22 21 28 27 24 19 20

26 - 30 years 36 35 39 38 38 34 42 36

31 - 35 years 25 29 26 20 25 30 27 29

> 35 years 08 10 10 09 07 08 10 12

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Sioux City had the largest percentage of Hispanic mothers (17%) and Native American mothers

(5%). The Quad Cities (9%) had the highest percentages of Black mothers (Table A2).

Table A2. Race/Ethnicity


Hispanic 07 07 10 17 04 04 03 07

Non-Hispanic 93 93 90 83 96 96 97 93

White 91 89 88 88 89 89 94 86

Black 05 06 09 03 08 07 03 08

Asian/Pacific Islander 03 05 02 03 02 03 03 05

Native American 01 <1 01 05 <1 <1 <1 01

As shown in Table A3, the largest proportion of mothers born outside of the US was found in

Des Moines (10%) while Waterloo (72%) had the highest percentage of mothers who were born

in Iowa.

Table A3. Mother’s Place of Birth


In Iowa 66 66 49 60 72 70 68 60

In U.S., outside of Iowa 26 24 45 31 22 24 28 30

Outside of U.S. 08 10 06 09 06 06 04 10

Sioux City had the lowest level of educational attainment compared to the other cities with 11%

of mothers possessing less than a high school education. Iowa City had the highest level of

educational attainment compared to the other cities with 20% of mothers possessing a graduate

degree (Table A4).

Table A4. Education


< High School 07 06 06 11 07 06 06 05

High School 20 18 16 23 18 17 12 15

Some College 34 31 34 32 34 37 32 31

College 27 33 28 25 29 27 33 29

Graduate School 11 13 16 09 10 13 17 20

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Des Moines (47%), Quad Cities (46%), and Dubuque (46%) respondents reported the highest

family incomes at $70,000 or more. Sioux City (15%), on the other hand, had the highest

percentage of respondents in the lowest-income category (Table A5).

Table A5. Annual Family Income Last Year

STATE

DM

QC

SC

WL

CR DB IC

Under $10,000 12 10 14 15 13 12 08 11 $10,000 - $19,999 09 08 08 10 09 09 06 08 $20,000 - $29,999 09 08 07 09 10 08 07 08 $30,000 - $39,999 09 08 08 08 08 07 07 07 $40,000 - $49,999 08 07 04 09 07 07 07 06

$50,000 - $59,999 08 06 08 08 08 07 09 09

$60,000 - $69,999 07 07 06 08 07 08 10 08

$70,000 or more 38 47 46 33 37 43 46 42

Sioux City had the highest percentage (27%) of women reporting smoking in the last two years

while Dubuque and Iowa City (16%) had the lowest percentage. Across locations, Waterloo haad

the the highest proportion of women (49%) reporting smoking one or more cigarettes per day

during the last 3 months of their pregnancy (see Table A6).

Table A6. Smoked in Last 2 Years and Cigarettes Smoked Per Day in Last 3 Months of

Pregnancy

STATE

DM

QC

SC

WL CR

DB IC

Not Smoked in Last 2 Years 77 81 82 73 76 77 84 84

Smoked in Last 2 Years 23 19 18 27 24 23 16 16

Zero in last three months of

pregnancy 55 58 57 54 52 58 56 61

1-10 per day in last three

months of pregnancy 40 37 33 42 41 38 37 33

11-20 per day in last three

months of pregnancy 05 04 09 03 07 04 06 05

>20 per day in last three

months of pregnancy 01 01 01 01 01 <1 01 01

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Across locations, a higher proportion of women in the Quad Cities (3%) reported consuming two

or more alcoholic beverages per week during the last 3 months of pregnancy. However, the

majority of women who reported having any alcoholic drinks in the last two years reported not

having any in the last three months of their pregnancy (see Table A7).

Table A7. Alcoholic Drinks Per Week During Last 2 Years and Last 3 Months of Pregnancy

STATE

DM

QC

SC

WL CR

DB IC

Have Not Drank in Last 2 Years 28 28 29 33 31 25 19 28

Drank in Last 2 Years 72 72 71 67 69 75 81 72 Zero in last three months of

pregnancy 98 98 97 98 98 98 98 97

1 per week during last three

months of pregnancy 01 01 <1 01 01 02 01 02

2 per week during last three

months of pregnancy <1 <1 02 01 <1 <1 <1 <1

3 or more per week during last

three months of pregnancy <1 <1 01 01 <1 <1 <1 <1

Iowa City (76%) and Dubuque (76%) had the highest rates of intended pregnancy. Of all

unintended pregnancies, women in the Quad Cities had the highest rate of pregnancies while not

using birth control (74%). Iowa City (35%) had the highest rates of unintended pregnancy while

using some form of birth control and the lowest rate of unintended pregnancies when no birth

control was used (65%) (see Table A9).

Table A8. Pregnancy Intent


Intended 71 74 73 64 71 72 76 76

Unintended 29 26 27 36 29 29 24 24

Table A9. Unintended Pregnancy, Birth Control Use


Unintended, No Birth

Control Used 70 72 74 70 70 70 72 65

Unintended, Birth

Control Used 30 28 26 30 30 30 28 35

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Prenatal Care

Women in Cedar Rapids (54%), Iowa City (52%), and Cedar Rapids (52%) reported the highest

rates of HIV/AIDS testing during pregnancy, while women in Dubuque reported the lowest rates

of testing (33%) (see Table A10).

Table A11 shows that over half of the women in the state (64%) reported receiving a flu shot

during their pregnancy. Women in Sioux City and Iowa City were more likely than women in

other areas to get a flu shot (75% and 72% respectively) and women in the Quad Cities and

Waterloo were less likely to get a flu shot (52%). Fourteen percent of women in the state report

they never get a flu shot, with the highest number of those in the Quad Cities (18%).

Table A11. Flu Shot

STATE

DM

QC

SC

WL

CR DB IC

Received During 64 65 52 75 52 68 65 72

Received Before 07 06 09 05 08 06 05 08 Not Wanted 13 13 20 10 19 12 14 08

Dr. Instructed to Wait 01 01 01 <1 01 <1 01 01

Never Get Flu Shots 14 13 18 09 17 12 12 10

Flu Shot Not Available 02 02 01 01 02 01 02 01

Table A10. HIV/AIDS Testing

STATE

DM

QC

SC

WL

CR DB IC

Tested 48 44 51 52 45 54 43 52 Not Tested 26 29 24 24 26 23 33 24

Offered But Not Tested 03 02 05 02 04 04 02 03 Don’t Know 24 25 20 21 25 20 22 21

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B. Trend Analysis of Barriers Data 2007-2016

All percentages in the present section reflect statewide percentages. The number of respondents

was greater than 20,000 for all years.

Respondents by Year

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

N = 22,553 21,603 20,752 23,511 23,934 23,674 24,634 24,696 23,212 21,928

Demographics

The age distribution of mothers has maintained a generally stable pattern over the past ten years

with about two-thirds of mothers between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age. However, there

has been a slight decrease in mothers 20 to 25 years old and an increase in mothers 26 to 35

years old (see Table B1).

Table B1. Mother’s Age Ranges

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

<18 years 02 03 02 02 02 02 02 01 01 01

18 - 19 years 06 06 06 06 05 05 04 04 04 03

20 - 25 years 32 32 31 30 29 29 29 28 27 26

26 - 30 years 33 33 33 35 35 35 35 35 35 36

31 - 35 years 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 25

> 35 years 08 07 07 07 07 07 07 08 08 08

Educational levels have shown subtle increases in the past ten years. The proportion of mothers

completing college has increased from 23% in 2007 to 27% in 2016. The proportion of mothers

completing graduate school also increased from 7% in 2007 to 11% in 2016 (see Table B2).

Table B2. Education

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Mother

< High School 11 11 10 09 09 08 08 08 07 07

High School 22 22 21 20 20 20 20 19 20 20

Some College 38 38 36 37 36 36 36 36 35 34

College 23 23 24 25 26 26 26 27 27 27

Graduate School 07 08 08 09 10 10 10 10 11 11

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Although not quite as pronounced as in previous years, racial and ethnic backgrounds of

respondents have become more diverse over the last ten years. This is consistent with population

changes in the state. The proportion of Hispanic mothers has varied from 8% in 2007 and 2008

down to 6% in 2011 and 2012. There was then a slight increase to 7% in 2013, which has been

consistent since. Additionally, the proportion of Black mothers responding has slightly increased

from 4% in 2007 to 5% in 2016 (see Table B3).

Table B3. Race/Ethnicity

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Mother

Hispanic 08 08 07 08 06 06 07 07 07 07

Non-Hispanic* 92 92 93 93 94 94 93 93 93 93

White 94 94 93 93 92 91 91 91 91 91

Black 04 04 04 04 05 05 05 05 05 05

Asian/Pacific Islander 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

Native American 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

*Analysis began on category in 2007.

The proportion of mothers reporting an annual family income over $70,000 has steadily

increased over the past ten years from 22% in 2007 to 38% in 2016. The proportion of mothers

in the lowest income range (under $10,000) has decreased slightly over the last several of years.

This downward trend resulted in 2016 being the lowest percentage (12%) reported in the past 10

years of annual family income under $10,000 (see Table B4).

Table B4. Annual Family Income Last Year

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Under $10,000 14 13 14 14 15 16 16 14 14 12

$10,000 - $19,999 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 09

$20,000 - $29,999 11 11 11 10 09 10 10 10 09 09

$30,000 - $39,999 11 10 10 10 09 08 08 09 09 09

$40,000 - $49,999 11 10 10 10 09 08 08 08 07 08

$50,000 - $59,999 10 10 10 10 09 09 08 09 08 08

$60,000 - $69,999 09 09 09 09 09 08 08 07 08 07

Above $70,000 22 25 27 28 29 31 32 33 36 38

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Prenatal Experiences and Care

The most widely used form of birth control across all ten years was the birth control pill.

Condoms were the second most popular method across the period (see Table B5).

Table B5. Birth Control Used At Conception

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

No Birth Control Used 84 84 83 84 84 85 84 86 86 87

Birth Control Pills 07 07 08 07 07 07 07 06 06 06

Diaphragm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Spermicidal Foam/Insert <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Condom 05 04 05 05 05 04 04 04 04 03

NFP/Rhythm Method 02 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Birth Control Patch 01 01 <1 01 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Birth Control Injection 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

NuvaRing 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 <1

IUD/IUC** -- -- <1 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Implant/ Implanon**

-- -- <1 -- <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Other 01 01 <1 -- <1 <1 01 01 <1 01

**Analysis on category began in 2009.

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Over two-thirds of women not desiring pregnancy reported that they were not using birth control

at the time of conception; this number has increased from 67% in 2007 and 2008 to 70% in 2016

(see Table B6).

Table B6. Reported Birth Control Type

Among Those Not Desiring Pregnancy

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

No Birth Control Used 67 67 64 65 64 66 66 66 68 70

Birth Control Pills 18 17 19 18 19 18 18 17 17 16

Diaphragm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Spermicidal Foam/Insert 01 01 01 <1 01 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Condom 11 10 11 11 12 11 10 09 09 07

NFP/Rhythm Method 03 03 03 02 02 02 01 02 02 02

Birth Control Patch 02 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Birth Control Injection 02 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 01

NuvaRing 01 02 02 02 02 02 02 01 01 01

IUD/IUC -- -- 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Implant/Implanon/Nexplanon -- -- <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Other 02 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

Approximately two-thirds of the pregnancies were reported to be desired across the time frame.

The percentage of mistimed pregnancies decreased slightly to 26% in 2016 which is the lowest

level in a more than a decade (see Table B7).

Table B7. Desirability of Pregnancy

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Yes, and Earlier 31 31 32 33 32 33 32 34 33 34

Yes, at that Time 33 33 33 33 36 35 37 36 38 37

No, But in Future 32 32 32 30 29 29 28 27 26 26

No, Nor in Future 04 04 04 04 03 03 04 04 04 03

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Lack of birth control use among mothers not desiring a pregnancy has slightly increased over the

past ten years (see Table B8).

Table B8. No Birth Control Use by Desirability of Pregnancy

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Yes, and Earlier 97 98 97 97 96 97 96 97 96 97

Yes, at that Time 95 95 95 95 94 95 94 94 93 94

No, But in Future 67 68 65 65 65 67 67 67 68 71

No, Nor in Future 60 59 57 61 57 55 61 59 62 63

For the mothers who reported not wanting to be pregnant at that time, the reported reasons for

not using birth control has remained relatively consistent since 2011. The most common reason

reported for not using birth control among these mothers was not trying to become pregnant but

not actively preventing it, with nearly half of these mothers (47.7%) selecting this response (see

Table B9 – note that a single decimal place was used in this table owing to the very small

percentages).

Table B9. Reported Reason For Not Using Birth Control When Pregnancy Not Desired

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Didn’t want to ruin mood 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Physical discomfort/side effects

from BC 7.3 8.5 8.6 8.0 8.8 10.3

Embarrassed buying or going to

health care provider 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

Against religious beliefs 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5

Judgment impaired 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.6

Ran out 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.7 4.4 5.1

Did not plan to have intercourse 6.1 5.3 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.7

Father wanted child/refused 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8

Preferred method too expensive 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.0

Birth control failed 23.8 22.6 22.1 21.3 19.1 18.9

Not trying to become pregnant, not

actively preventing 41.8 43.9 43.5 45.6 44.8 47.7

Thought I (or partner) could not

become pregnant 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.1 9.0 8.1

Other 6.1 4.5 7.3 7.1 5.4 6.4

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C. 2016 Questionnaire Frequency Tables

Presented below is a frequency analysis of all variables in the 2016 questionnaire. Data

presented in this section are based upon 2016 questionnaires received to date (n = 21,928). All

entries reflect unweighted percentages of those mothers answering the item.

MOTHER/FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS

1. How old are you (baby’s mother)?

Frequency Valid Percent

< 18 years 200 0.9

18 - 19 years 735 3.4

20 - 25 years 5,740 26.4

26 - 30 years 7,841 36.0

31 - 35 years 5,420 24.9

> 35 years 1,831 8.4

2. Where were you born?


In Iowa 14,379 66.3

In the US outside of Iowa 5,620 25.9

Outside the US 1,693 7.8

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3. What is the highest grade or year of regular school or college that you completed?

(select one)?


Grade school 207 0.9

Junior high 134 0.6

Some high school 1,205 5.5

12th grade or GED 4,405 20.1 Vocational school or A.A. degree 3,211 14.7

Some college 4,274 19.5

Bachelor’s degree 5,973 27.3

Master’s degree 1,843 8.4

Doctoral/Professional degree 619 2.8

4. Which one of the following best describes your racial background? Are you…


Black 1,067 5.0

White 19,546 91.1

Asian/Pacific Islander 697 3.2

American Indian or Native Alaskan 152 0.7

5. Which one of the following best describes your ethnic background? Are you…


Hispanic 1,564 7.2

Non-Hispanic 20,066 92.8

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6. What was the general range of your household income before taxes last year – including

wages, unemployment, Social Security, and all other sources of income?


Under $10,000 2,616 12.4

$10,000-$19,999 1,982 9.4

$20,000-$29,999 1,943 9.2

$30,000-$39,999 1,820 8.6 $40,000-$49,999 1,588 7.5

$50,000-$59,999 1,641 7.8

$60,000-$69,999 1,568 7.4

$70,000 or over 7,903 37.5

7. During the last year, how many people, including you depended on that income?


1 2,500 11.8

2 6,291 29.6

3 6,394 30.1

4 3,623 17.0

5 1,565 7.4

6 553 2.6

7 179 0.8

8 72 0.3

9 34 0.2

10 or more 47 0.2

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BEFORE YOU BECAME PREGNANT

8. In the twelve months prior to becoming pregnant, did a doctor, nurse, or other health

care professional ever talk to you about any of the following topics as they relate to

pregnancy? (mark all that apply)


Taking folic acid or multivitamin 10,143 46.3

Smoking 7,744 35.3

Drinking alcohol 6,836 31.2

Your weight 6,347 28.9

Regular exercise 7,050 32.2

How romantic relationships affect your health 2,785 12.7

Did not see health professional 6,827 31.1

WHEN YOU BECAME PREGNANT

9. Thinking back to the time you became pregnant, were you (or your partner) using any

form of birth control when you got pregnant? (mark all that apply)


No birth control used 18,988 86.6

Birth Control Pills 1,322 6.0

Patch 61 0.3

Diaphragm 13 0.1

Spermicidal Foam/Insert 29 0.1

Injection 117 0.5

Nuva Ring 95 0.4

Condom 650 3.0

NFP/Rhythm 259 1.2

IUD/IUC/ParaGard/Mirena 121 0.6

Implant/Implanon/Nexplanon 48 0.2

Other 113 0.5

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10. Thinking back, just before you became pregnant, did you want to become pregnant at

that time?


Yes and Earlier 7,403 34.3

Yes, at that Time 7,921 36.7

No, But in Future 5,536 25.6

No, Nor in Future 734 3.4

11. If you did not want to get pregnant, why did you not use any form of birth control?

(mark all that apply)


Wanted to get pregnant – SKIP TO Q12 13,504 61.6

Didn’t want to ruin mood 68 0.3

Physical discomfort/side effects from BC 654 3.0

Embarrassed buying or going to health care provider 30 0.1

Against religious beliefs 106 0.5

Judgment impaired 102 0.5

Ran out 325 1.5

Did not plan to have intercourse 363 1.7

Father wanted child/refused 56 0.3

Preferred method too expensive 63 0.3

Birth control failed 1,200 5.5

Not trying to become pregnant, not actively preventing 3,082 14.1

Thought I (or partner) could not become pregnant 530 2.4

Other 417 1.9

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DURING YOUR PREGNANCY

12. During your most recent pregnancy, did your health care provider recommend that

you receive progesterone to keep your baby from being born too early? The

medication is given in a series of weekly shots called 17P (17

alphahydroxyprogesterone) or Makena or it can be administered in vaginal

suppositories.


Yes shots recommended 668 3.2

Yes, suppositories recommended 371 1.8

No – SKIP TO Q14 18,737 89.8

I don’t know/Not sure – SKIP TO Q14 1,080 5.2

13. Did you encounter any of the barriers below in receiving the 17P, Progesterone or

Makena shots or suppositories recommended by your health care provider? (mark all that

apply)


Hard to remember to use suppositories or make

appointments for shots 27 2.6

No way to get to clinic/doctor’s office 9 0.9

Couldn’t take time off work/school 5 0.5

No one to take care of children 6 0.6

Medicaid did not cover medicine 45 4.3

Insurance did not cover the medicine 119 11.5

Doctor was not able to get medicine 1 0.1

Don’t like or was afraid of the shots/injections 32 3.1

Afraid of possible side effects for me or my baby 43 4.1

Could not afford the medication or co-pay 37 3.6

Too busy to get to appointments 3 0.3

No major barriers 656 63.1

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14. Here are a few things that might happen to some women during pregnancy. Please tell

us if any of these things happened to you during this pregnancy.


Close family member was sick and hospitalized 2,507 11.4

Got separated or divorced from husband or partner 622 2.8

Moved to a new address 4,739 21.6

Was homeless (sleep outside, in car, or homeless shelter) 144 0.7

Husband or partner lost their job 998 4.6

Lost my job 1,092 5.0

Argued with husband or partner more than usual 1,951 8.9

Husband/Partner said didn’t want me to be pregnant 333 1.5

Had a lot of bills I couldn’t pay 1,406 6.4

Was in a physical fight 122 0.6

Husband or partner or I went to jail 393 1.8

Family member/Friend had problem with drinking/drugs 724 3.3

Family member or close friend died 3,042 13.9

15. Do you plan to return to work outside of your home following the birth of this baby?


Yes 15,207 73.1

No 5,592 26.9

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16. Does your worksite have a designated room/location (not counting bathroom stalls) for

mothers to breastfeed or pump/express their breast milk?


Yes 7,936 52.4

No 4,554 30.0

Don’t know 2,667 17.6

17. Does your worksite have a written policy about breastfeeding?


Yes 3,160 20.9

No 4,314 28.5

Don’t know 7,664 50.6

18. Have you smoked any cigarettes in the past 2 years?


Yes 4,978 23.2

No – SKIP TO Q20 16,451 76.8

19. In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an

average day? (If none, fill in 00; a pack has 20 cigarettes)


Zero Cigarettes per day 754 15.1

1-10 per day 2,710 54.3

11-20 per day 1,356 27.2

More than 20 per day 173 3.5

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20. In the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an

average day? (If none, fill in 00)


Zero Cigarettes per day 2,729 54.8

1-10 per day 1,985 39.9

11-20 per day 237 4.8

More than 20 per day 28 0.6

21. Have you had any alcoholic drinks in the past 2 years? (A drink is 12 oz. of beer, 4 oz.

of wine, and 1 ½ oz. of liquor)


Yes 15,297 71.6

No – SKIP TO Q23 6,070 28.4

22. In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in

an average week? (If none, fill in 00)


Zero drinks per week 3,896 25.5

1-2 drinks per week 7,697 50.4

3-5 drinks per week 2,913 19.1

6-10 drinks per week 637 4.2

More than 10 drinks per week 143 0.9

23. In the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an

average week? (If none, fill in 00)


Zero drinks per week 14,994 98.1



6-10 drinks per week 7 <0.1

More than 10 drinks per week 5 <0.1

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PRENATAL CARE

The next questions are about the prenatal care that you received during this pregnancy.

Prenatal care includes visits to a doctor, nurse, or health care worker before your baby was

born to checkups and advice about pregnancy.

24. Some women experience problems getting prenatal care, while others do not. Here is a

list of problems some women can have getting prenatal care. (mark all that applied

during this pregnancy.)


Did not have any problems 19,140 87.3

Couldn’t get appointment when wanted 239 1.1

Difficulty paying for visits 257 1.2

No way to get to doctor’s office or clinic 174 0.8

Couldn’t take time off work 150 0.7

Doctor or health plan wouldn’t start care as early as wanted 93 0.4

Problems signing up for Medicaid/Title 19 290 1.3

Medicaid coverage was dropped during pregnancy 189 0.9

Had no one to take care of my children 122 0.6

Had too many other things going on 165 0.8

Didn’t want anyone to know I was pregnant 63 0.3

Some other problem 140 0.6

25. Were you ever refused prenatal care during this pregnancy?


Yes 204 1.0

No – SKIP TO Q27 20,730 99.0

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26. Why were you refused care? (mark all that apply)


Didn’t have insurance 59 28.9

Had problems with insurance 42 20.6

Doctor was not accepting new patients 27 13.2

Unable to find doctor who accepted Medicaid/Title 19 18 8.8

Pregnancy was high risk 32 15.7

Too late in pregnancy to change doctors 13 6.4

Unsure why I was refused care 20 9.8

27. How many months along were you when you went for your first prenatal care visit?


0 731 3.5

1 6,025 29.1

2 9,683 46.8

3 3,053 14.7

4 499 2.4

5 240 1.2

6 166 0.8

7 111 0.5

8 119 0.6

9 74 0.4

28. Did you get prenatal care as early in this pregnancy as you wanted?


Yes 19,526 93.9

No 1,160 5.6

No prenatal care 118 0.6

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29. Where did you go for most of your prenatal care?


Private doctor’s office or clinic 16,126 77.6

Midwife’s office or home visit from a midwife 1,384 6.7

Public clinic 3,052 14.7

Other 60 0.3

Hospital 31 0.1

No prenatal care 118 0.6

30. During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care

professional provide you with information about any of the things listed below? (mark

all that apply)


How smoking during pregnancy may affect baby 12,921 58.9

Breastfeeding my baby 14,884 67.9

How drinking alcohol during pregnancy may affect baby 12,043 54.9

Using a seatbelt during pregnancy 9,902 45.2

Medicines safe to take during pregnancy 17,899 81.6

How using illegal drugs may affect baby 9,988 45.5

How using prescription medications may affect baby 11,672 53.2

Doing tests on me/baby to screen for birth defects/diseases 17,716 80.8

What to do if feel depressed during pregnancy/after baby born 12,567 57.3

Physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners 7,393 33.7

Signs and symptoms of preterm labor 14,697 67.0

What to do if labor starts early 14,959 68.2

How to monitor changes in baby’s activity during pregnancy 16,666 76.0

What to do if baby had not felt as active as expected 16,602 75.7

Not provided with any information listed above 313 1.4

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31. Were you tested for HIV/AIDS during this pregnancy?


Yes 10,141 47.6

No 5,439 25.5

No, offered testing, but didn’t want to be tested 575 2.7

I don’t know 5,166 24.2

32. Did you get a flu shot during this pregnancy?


Yes 13,666 64.0

No – Received a flu shot before became pregnant 1,402 6.6

No – Did not want a flu shot during pregnancy 2,776 13.0

No – Doctor said to wait until after pregnancy 150 0.7

No – Do not ever get flu shots 2,955 13.8

No – Flu shot was not available 399 1.9

HOSPITAL CARE

33. During the first 24 hours following the birth of your baby, did the hospital staff

encourage you to breastfeed?


Yes 17,905 85.5

No 2,552 12.2

Don’t remember 490 2.3

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34. During the course of your pregnancy or time in the hospital, has a doctor, nurse, or

other healthcare professional provided you with information or scheduled a time to discuss

any of the follow? (mark all that apply)


Breastfeeding or breastfeeding techniques 18,261 83.3

Action steps to take to decrease frustration when baby cries 9,512 43.4

How to lay my baby down to sleep 12,216 55.7

Dangers of shaking an infant 9,079 41.4

Did not receive information and have not scheduled a time 1,618 7.4

35. In which of the following positions do you plan to lay your baby down to sleep most of

the time?


On his/her back 19,622 92.6

On his/her side 493 2.3

On his/her stomach 60 0.3

No preference, whatever seems most comfortable 1,024 4.8

36. Listed below are some location or descriptions of where a new baby might sleep. For

each on, please mark yes, no or not sure for whether you think your baby will ever

sleep in a similar way for naps or at night.

In a crib, bassinet, or portable crib


Yes 21,012 99.1

No 73 0.3


With pillows nearby or under him/her


Yes 301 1.5

No 18,676 95.2


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With bumper pads


Yes 1,676 8.6

No 16,723 85.6

Don’t remember 1,145 5.9

Covered with a loose blanket


Yes 1,502 7.7

No 16,979 86.6


With stuffed toys


Yes 121 0.6

No 19,023 97.6


In a bed with me or another person


Yes 912 4.6

No 17,398 88.5


37. How often do you plan to have your new baby sleep in the same bed, in a reclining

chair or on a couch with you or anyone else? Sleeping would include both at night and for

naps during the day.


Daily 1,904 9.0

Weekly 1,638 7.8

Monthly 260 1.2

A few times/year 939 4.5

Do not plan to have baby sleep with me or anyone else 16,305 77.5

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38. Please indicate who completed this questionnaire.


I completed it alone 15,892 74.9

I completed it with a nurse/other hospital staff member 104 0.5

I completed it with my husband/partner 4,955 23.3

I completed it with another family member 224 1.1

I completed it with a friend 55 0.3

2016 data summary - iowa department of public health · 2018-07-10 · 1 2016 data summary july...

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