2015 joint conference for the md societies of professional

2015 Joint Conference

for the

MD Societies of Professional Engineers & Surveyors

Collision Technologies LLC 2015

Forensic Applications of 3D Laser Scanning

Collision Technologies LLC

Quick Introduction

Retired MD State Police 22+ yrs. of service

Crash Reconstruction Program - 24 yrs.

Forensic Crash & Crime Scene Mapping

Electronic Total Stations – 20 yrs.

3D Laser Scanners – 5 yrs.

Collision Technologies since 1998

Consulting Expert Crash Reconstruction

Sales & Training Forensic Mapping

Systems

And In The Beginning

Collision Technologies LLC (2015)

Collision Technologies LLC (Nov. 2015)

Technology Time Line


Scanning Operations

NOTHING SUPERSEDES

FUNDATMENTAL CRIME

SCENE INVESTIGATIVE

ACTIONS


From Scene to Court

Court Admittance

FARO and Collision Technologies LLC

The integrity of any evidence rests

on the credibility of the person

presenting it, not only on the

technology or tool used to capture,

collect or preserve it.

Court Admittance

DiCarlo Precision Instrument and Collision Technologies LLC

Under Daubert (based on Rule 702 of the FRE), the trial judge must consider the following:

1.factors in determining admissibility of the science involved: Whether the evidence can be (and has been) tested,

2.Whether the theory or technique has been subjected to peer review and publication

3.Whether the technique has a known or potential rate of error

4.Whether there has been a particular degree of acceptancewithin the relevant scientific community.


3D Laser Scanning is featured in both

Forensic and Survey industry journals

Peer Review & Tested


Remember that the Judge is the Gatekeeper of all Evidence

Q- Daubert/Frye Standards - does this technology meet their

requirements?

A- Since we are in Maryland, our state is held to the Frye-Reed

standard, not the Daubert standard commonly adhered to in federal

court. How both standards relate to 3D laser scanning in general is a

popular question.

The standard relates to the preparation and practice of collecting

evidence and processing the results using expert care from suitable

training in that discipline to be able to give accurate and reliable

testimony based on scientific facts with traceability.

Collision Technologies LLC a(Nov. 2013)


The Frye standard, Frye test, or general acceptance test is a test to determine the admissibility of scientific

evidence. It provides that expert opinion based on a scientific technique is admissible only where the technique is

generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community. In Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals,

509 U.S. 579 (1993), the Supreme Court held that the Federal Rules of Evidence superseded Frye as the

standard for admissibility of expert evidence in federal courts.[1] Some states, however, still adhere to the Frye

standard.

To meet the Frye standard, scientific evidence presented to the court

must be interpreted by the court as "generally accepted" by a meaningful

segment of the associated scientific community. This applies to

procedures, principles or techniques that may be presented in the

proceedings of a court case.

In practical application of this standard, those who were proponents of a

widely disputed scientific issue had to provide a number of experts to

speak to the validity of the science behind the issue in question.

Novel techniques, placed under the scrutiny of this standard forced

courts to examine papers, books and judicial precedents on the subject

at hand to make determinations as to the reliability and "general

acceptance.“

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissibility

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daubert_v._Merrell_Dow_Pharmaceuticals

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Evidence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frye_standard#cite_note-1

Collision Technologies LLC a(Nov. 2013)


To meet the Frye standard, scientific evidence presented to the court

must be interpreted by the court as "generally accepted" by a meaningful

segment of the associated scientific community. This applies to

procedures, principles or techniques that may be presented in the

proceedings of a court case.

In practical application of this standard, those who were proponents of a

widely disputed scientific issue had to provide a number of experts to

speak to the validity of the science behind the issue in question.

Novel techniques, placed under the scrutiny of this standard forced

courts to examine papers, books and judicial precedents on the subject

at hand to make determinations as to the reliability and "general

acceptance."


Accuracy Confirmation

Every mapping Job / Scan Location must

contain an object who’s length is known, and

that object’s length must be validated within the

software (SCENE) before any measurements

are used. This protocol is a well accepted best

practice within the law enforcement community.

This protocol is known as a “Accuracy

Confirmation” or a “Reference Measurement

Test”


Accuracy Confirmation

The easiest way to accomplish this is by placing a 4-

Foot Carpenters Level within the scanning field of view

in each scan. Works well for Indoor and Outdoor

Scenes.

Another option better suited for Indoor Scenes/Scans is

the placement of two Checkerboard Targets on the same

plane/wall. Known distance, measured by steel tape,

keep distance short (25 Feet), on a flat surface.


1. Keep a written record / data base of your use of the scanner

i. Date & Time

ii. Case Number

iii. Type of Case: M/V Crash, Homicide / Suicide, Industrial Accident,

Train Crash, Aircraft Crash….

iv. Number of Scans

v. Scan data used in trial

Remember that the Judge is the

Gatekeeper of all Evidence


Electronic Data

Must archive all electronic scan data

Rules of Evidence

Chain of Custody


Forensic Applications


Crime Scene - Scanning

By allowing investigators to capture crime scenes in 3D, Laser Scanners provide an

exact record of the entire scene at the touch of a button and permits the site to be

returned to normal use a short time later.

With 3D documentation the crime scene reconstruction can be visited multiple times to

verify witness testimony or evaluate hypotheses. Forensic scientists can accurately

analyze line of sight, blood spatter, and bullet trajectories to complement other

techniques such as offender’s height estimation from video surveillance.


Crime Scene - Scanning


Crime Scene (Suicide) - Measurements


2D/3D Modeled Point Cloud


Crime Scene Data Deliverable as Evidence


Shooting Reconstruction


2D & 3D and Trajectory Cones


2D & 3D and Trajectory


Old School

Blood Spatter Analysis


Blood Spatter Analysis


Fire & Arson Investigation – Officer Safety

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4aXWra7ly0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4aXWra7ly0


Fire 2D from Point Cloud

Pre-Plans Incident Scenes

Point Cloud Data

DiCarlo Precision Instrument and Collision Technologies LLC

Forensic Crash Scene


Forensic Crash Scene


Cad Zone Point Cloud Top View


Accident Reconstruction – Night and Day

Night timeDaytime


Accident Reconstruction

Crush Analysis


CZ Crush with Point Cloud


Tread Pattern Analysis


FARO Data Compatibility


THANK YOU

Special Thanks To:

• DiCarlo Precision Instrument

• Kelly Watt – FARO

• Folks at FARO Cadzone

2015 joint conference for the md societies of professional

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