2015 – biologi umum – agroteknologi – ekosistem
TRANSCRIPT
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EKOSISTEM
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EKOSISTEM
Ekosistem = Sistem Ekologi
Ekologi
Studi hubungan (interaksi) antara organisme
dan lingkungannya.
Lingkungan
Fisik (suhu, ketersediaan air, kecepatan angin)
Biotik (kompetisi, predasi, parasitisme,
kooperasi)
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Pertama kali disampaikan oleh Ernst Häckel
(German Zoologist) pada tahun 1866, Ökologie.
Berasal dari kata:
“Oikos” rumah, dan “logos” ilmu
Total relations of the animal to both its organic and
its inorganic environment.
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Kajian Ekologi
Ekologi dibedakan menjadi
Autekologi studi individual organisme
Sejarah hidup
Adaptasi individu terhadap lingkungan
Sinekologi studi populasi, komunitas,
ekosistem
kelompok organisme yang tergabung dalam
satu kesatuan dan saling berinteraksi dalam
daerah tertentu pola distribusi
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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• From the biosphere to organisms 1 The biosphere
1 The ecosystem
1 The communities
1 The populations
1 The organism
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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• From cells to molecules
Cell
8 Cells
6 Organs and organ systems
7 Tissues
10 Molecules
9 Organelles
50 µm
10 µm
1 µm
Atoms
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Hierarki Kehidupan
Sel
Jaringan
Organ
Sistem Organ
Organisme
Populasi
Komunitas
Ekologi
Bioma
Biosfer
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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POPULASI Kelompok makhluk hidup sejenis (spesies
yang sama) dalam waktu dan tempat yang
sama.
Bluestripe snappers
(Lutjanus
kasmira), photographed
in Hawaii.
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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KOMUNITAS
Total makhluk hidup dalam satu tempat di waktu
yang sama
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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INTERAKSI DALAM KOMUNITAS
Kompetisi
Intraspesifik
Interspesifik
Predasi
Simbiosis
Mutualisme
Komensalisme
Parasitisme
Amensalisme
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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EKOSISTEM
Hubungan timbal balik antara komponen biotik
dan abiotik
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Faktor Pembatas
Faktor Pembatas (Limitating Factor)
Any abiotic factor or biotic factor that restricts
the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of
organisms
Abiotic limiting factors include sunlight,
climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire,
soil chemistry, and space.
Biotic limiting factors include living things,
such as other plant and animal species
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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OASIS
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Range of Tolerance
Setiap individu memiliki kondisi minimal,
optimal dan maksimal untuk dapat bertahan
hidup.
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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ALIRAN ENERGI DALAM EKOSISTEM
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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FOOD WEB
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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PIRAMIDA EKOLOGI
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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DAUR MATERI
Dikenal dengan istilah siklus biogeokimia
Meliputi
Siklus hidrologi
Siklus Karbon dan Oksigen
Siklus Nitrogen
Siklus materi lain, misalnya fosfor dan
sulfur
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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DAUR HIDROLOGI
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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DAUR KARBON DAN OKSIGEN
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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DAUR NITROGEN
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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SUKSESI EKOLOGI Suksesi Primer
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum
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Suksesi Sekunder
Ekosistem Priyambodo, M.Sc. Biologi Umum