2015-06-16 human factors integration standards seminar · culverts, seawalls, passenger a inf sset...

Asset Standards Authority Human Factors Integration Standards Seminar| 1 February 2015

Human Factors Integration Standards Seminar MLC Centre, Martin Place, Sydney

June 2015

Asset Standards Authority Human Factors Integration Standards Seminar| 2 June 2015

Welcome Nick Berry, Manager Industry Engagement

Asset Standards Authority Human Factors Integration Standards Seminar| 3 June 2015

Introduction…completing the jigsaw Jim Modrouvanos, Director, Asset Standards Authority

Asset Standards Authority Human Factors Integration Standards Seminar| 4

Why are we here?

• ASA Industry Seminars: – collaborative sessions – diagnose the relevance, accuracy and practical application of

process or discipline-specific content – educate – share knowledge and – grow the technical capability of Industry and Transport

• Working session – participate and contribute – we need input and feedback

• Consider outcomes and reasoning rather than checklists

• Be proactive and seek benefits


Many pieces to build….but do they make sense?

Scale of TfNSW’s Network

Network • 43000 lane km of state roads • 1505km of electrified overhead • 1763km of mainline track • 24 Bus Depots • 1 Shipyard • 10 Train Maintenance Centres • 1 Light Rail Maintenance Centre • 9321 Bridges • 370 Stations, 14 Stops, 107

Wharves & Jetties • Plus bus stops, substations,

transmission lines, cctv, lifts, culverts, seawalls, passenger Ainfsseto S

Fleet • 2124 buses • 1947 train carriages (144 diesel

and 1803 electric) • 13 light rail vehicles (65

carriages) • 30 ferries • Plus vessels/watercraft, road

vehicles, trailers, locomotives, wagons, track machines and plant

tandar• ds A$104bn uthority Humin asan Factorssets Integr ation Standards Seminar| 6


Why Human Factors?

• High priority placed on Human Factors (HF) as a critical discipline in TfNSW……..why?.......

• To help deliver expected benefits to our customers - at the centre of everything we do

• We must ensure “human interactions” optimise system performance and assure Transport and our customers a fit for purpose and safe asset.....how?

• By applying HF principles and knowledge early in an asset’s lifecycle i.e. - during design

• Adequate HF processes complement the systems engineering approach to all phases of an asset's life


ASA – beyond standards to whole of life assurance

• “Making it clearer and simpler” – for Transport Cluster – for Supply Chain

• Collaborating and supporting TfNSW to be an informed and efficient asset owner

– whole of life assurance – asset management – standards – risk based decision making

• Facilitate increased private sector participation and capability

• Transport Values and Customer focus


Consulting and advising across asset life cycle


The complete picture – a work in progress…

YOU?


Seminar agenda

• ASA Human Factors team – who we are • Objectives of Human Factors for the ASA • What is Human Factors • AEO Requirements • HF examples • The ASA Human Factors Standards • Exercise • Q & A


Who we are?

The ASA SQER Human Factors (HF) team are: • Gareth Hughes Manager HF • Airdrie Long Snr HF Specialist • Stuart Hughes HF Specialist


The ASA’s objective

• The Asset Standards Authority’s objective: Is to develop standards to enable AEO’s to deliver: – Assets are both operable and maintainable – Are safe to operate and maintain – Deliver required performance Human Factors and human interaction is significant in these activities


What is Human Factors?

• It is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system and the profession, that applies: – theory, – principles, – data, – and methods

to design in order to optimise human well-being and system performance.


Human Factors

What does this mean in practice? • Overall system performance improves when human

capabilities and limitations have been addressed in the design

RAMS?


Human Factors in the asset lifecycle

Good asset performance

begins at design

Good design Leads to good asset

performance


HF in the Asset Lifecycle

• If you don’t design right… operating and maintaining costs increase

– $$$ – Time – Fatigue & frustration – Errors & violations – Overly complex procedures – More staff – More incidents – Retrofit (100 x $$$ and solution still not optimal)


Getting it right at concept and design – and example


Getting it right at concept and design

• A fleet of new trains are too wide to fit many of France’s stations.

• The train operator SNCF and network owner RFF said about 1,300 of France's 8,700 railway platforms must be trimmed to make way for the wider rolling stock.

• It will cost about €50 million ($73.4 million AUD) to alter the platforms to fit the new trains by 2016, when they are delivered, SNCF and RFF said.


Getting it right at concept and design

Making the change at concept and design stage = $

Making the change post construction prior to delivery = $ x 10

Making the change once in service = $ x 100 Note: often the solution is less than ideal


Human Factors at the ASA is…

“Human Factors is about ensuring the delivered asset is both operable and maintainable, safe to operate and maintain as well as deliver required levels of performance”

Key points: • It’s about the delivered asset or service (lifecycle) • It starts with good design (at least HF considerations in design) • It’s not only about safety, it’s about delivering to required design

expectations – getting value • To achieve a good asset HF should be incorporated at concept and

design


Operability, Operational and Maintainability Operability issue: • The asset is difficult to use in the correct way Maintainability issue: • The asset may perform well but is difficult to maintain If you don’t get the operability right you are only going to get more operational issues • Can’t use it • Having to fix • Delays • Costs…

Operational issue: • The asset fails to perform as required on the day


Operability issue leads to operational issue


HF Examples

Asset might work but maintenance might be difficult!


HF Examples

ATR - 42 ATR - 72


Result

35 Passengers and 4 Crew on board 14 Passengers and 2 Crew died.


Should not be interchangeable!

!


HF Examples

Benefit • Lower manufacturing

costs – single production line – Fewer manufacturer staff

needed – Common sub-assembly

parts

• Displays the same way for pilots (end users)

Cost • Multiple loss of life • Financial and reputational

costs


“To Err is Human” … a basic human trait


Human Factors in the Rail environment


Human Factors and Engineering

Human Factors seeks to optimise the interactions between humans and other system elements to benefit overall system performance.

Source: T MU HF 00001 GU AEO Guide to Human Factors Integration Version 2.0


Everyday HF Example (our building’s lifts!)

5 lifts – 3 different button configurations – frequent users, frequently select the wrong floor!


Other examples

Where would you find similar examples in transport?


The ASA HF Standards


Approach

• Ensure that AEOs consider Human Factors early within design process not just a review and retrofit process.

• Provide functional requirements not prescription • Not exhaustive but useful and usable focusing on process

– HFI with some key topics for transport projects • Applicable to all projects – scalable • Develop a short usable standard • Additionally include information, assistance and guidance

to increase awareness and value of HF for bid mangers and project managers.


ASA HF Standards

• T MU HF 00001 ST Human Factors Integration – General Requirements

• T MU HF 00001 GU AEO Guide to Human Factors Integration

• T HR HF 00001 ST Human Factors Integration – Rolling Stock

Published 22nd August 2014. All projects by AEOs need to comply with these standards.


HF Document Structure

T MU HF 00001 ST Human Factors Integration - General Requirements

T MU HF 00001 GU AEO Guide to Human Factors Integration

T HR HF 00001 ST Human Factors Integration - Rolling Stock


HF Process

Source: T MU HF 00001 GU AEO Guide to Human Factors Integration Version 2.0


V-lifecycle

CMAAC Gates

Gate 1Reqmnts complete

Gate 3 For

Construction

Gate 0Initiation (Need)

AcceptNeed Concept Specify Procure Design Build Integrate Operate and Maintain Dispose

Concept Development Production Utilisation and Support Retirement

Verification (System)

Verification (System Interfaces)

Material Procurement, Fabrication / ManufacturingConstruction / Installation

Unit Level Inspection

& Test

Unit Level Design,

Final Design

OCD/MCD, Service Design

Define Need, early Con Ops,

draft T/T

Subsystem Integration

& Test

System Integration

& Test

Disposal planning & executionSystem Validation

Verification (Subsystem Level)

Verification (Unit Level)

System Validation & Acceptance

Subsystem Design

Sys Design, Physical

Architecture

Ref Design, SRS, Funct Architecture

Operate & Maintain(Replace, Refurbish,

Renew, Upgrade)

Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain

Gate 2 Initial

Design

System Definition

Gate 4 Ready to

Test

Gate 6 Asset

Review

Syst

em In

tegr

atio

n/Re

alis

atio

n

Gate 5 Accept Assets

Dispose

Feasibility, Business

Case, BRS

Exploratory

Evolve

System ReqtsValidation

System DesignVerification

Subsystem DesignVerification

Unit DesignVerification

Build Verification


Points of note

• Human Factors Integration (HFI) is integral to the engineering/design process

• “Stakeholder” is not the same as “end users” • End users need to be consulted • End users need current and relevant experience • Business requirements are not the same as HF/User

requirements


Practical Considerations

• SiD – Plus Efficient and Effective Asset • COTS – context and assurance • Like-for-like


Aircraft wheel spacer

Just for one major airline this problem resulted in multi million dollar losses every year!


“Placing the customer at the centre of everything we do”


HFI in Design

Customer Focus


Safety Assurance

Safety In

Design

CPTED

WHS

DSAPT & Premises

Engineering

Customer Focus

HFI in Design Safety

Assurance


Scalability

• Larger projects can result in specific: – Concept of Operations – User requirements – HF Integration Plan – HF Issues Register – Lessons Learned

Always need to consider these aspects but smaller

projects may incorporate into the engineering plans etc.


ASA HFI - General Requirements

• HFI process • HFI requirements applicable to most transport projects

(not just heavy rail).


HF topics in ASA Standard

• Design requirements • Anthropometric data • Controls and displays • Information content • Audibility and intelligibility of messages • Alarms and alerts • Workspace and task design • Seating • Glare and reflections • Customers and the public specific

(this is a non exhaustive list)


Design requirements

Include: • Human variability, capabilities, limitations • Using relevant and valid data • Normal, degraded, maintenance, cleaning and emergency situations • Human error analysis • ‘easy way is correct way’ - violations • Foreseeable mis-use • Workload and distraction • Overall environment – climate, acoustic, visual, vibration • Design review with end users and stakeholders • Impact of design decisions on operations and training


Contents of ASA HFI Guide

• Information for bid and project managers: – Defining HF within asset life cycle – What is HFI – Goals of HFI in asset life cycle – Why include HF

• HFI process – more detail about how could implement the requirements of the Standard

• Common HF topics • Common HF analyses terms


ASA HF Rolling Stock Standard

• Additional HFI requirements for both: – procurement of new rolling stock – alterations to existing rolling stock

• Includes: – Driver compartment and cab design – Crew workstations, controls and displays – Passenger and crew comfort and safety – Simulators and emulators – Other users that interact with the rolling stock asset


Current AEO requirement

Human Factors Integration An Authorised Engineering Organisation shall manage all human factors relevant to the scope of the authorised engineering services

Source: TS 10511 AEO Self Assessment Checklist, Version 1.0


Current AEO requirement

Human Factors Integration Human factors integration tasks shall be done by a competent resource. The competency requirements of the resource shall be determined by the needs of the specific project

Source: TS 10511 AEO Self Assessment Checklist, Version 1.0


Lessons learnt - from AEO assessments • HF is not your WHS • HF is not your Human Resources • Lack of appreciation HF is scalable – some

complex and some simpler


Lessons learnt – Human Factors Integration and Safety in Design • For projects at the simpler end, broadening the Safety in Design (SiD)

process can be sufficient Human Factors Integration (HFI) – SiD (under the WHS Act 2011) requires consideration of the

safety of people during: Construction Maintenance Operations Disposal

– Broadening the process to include: Operability Maintainability (the ease with which the asset can be operated and maintained)

Note: CHAIR is often provided as evidence of SiD. (Developed 2001, heavily biased towards construction, no longer on WorkCover NSW website) (see T MU HF 00001 GU for further information)


Practical Case Study Exercise

• In your table groups consider the following HF issues in these asset projects:

1. A new Light Rail Stop 2. A new Pedestrian Bridge

Consider: • End users • End user Tasks • Influence on the Design


Have you had enough?

Or alternatively like my toaster “Do you want a bit more!”

2015-06-16 human factors integration standards seminar · culverts, seawalls, passenger a inf sset...

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