20140912170940l1 intro to biomechanics ong 9 sept 2014
TRANSCRIPT
Benderi Darsril PhD
Kuan Boon, Ong Assoc Professor
Course OutlineCourse Outline
This course studies the biomechanical factors involved in movement, with special focus on sports techniques, musculo-skeletal stress and understanding movement patterns.
Required Readings:
•Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. Williams and Wilkins.
• end chapter multi questions (answers on WebCT)
Course OutlineCourse Outline
LECTURES & Tutorials:
• Approximately 14 individual lectures & tutorials
LABORATORIES:
10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid sem. exam)
ASSESSMENT:
Course Work 60%
•Final Exam (40%)
Course OutcomesCourse Outcomes• Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.
• Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D and 3 – D movements.
• Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.
• Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.
• Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.
• Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to running gait.
• Be able to understand how the internal and external forces associated with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.
• Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical perspective
Student ExpectationsStudent Expectations• Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.
• Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and laboratories.
• Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class.
• The first option is to attend another lab time but please
• A doctor’s certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the lab is not made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).
Scinece examine the internal and external forcwes acting on the human and the effects produce by those forces
Cricket HM&ES.avi
What is the scope of What is the scope of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics is a study of human movement using mechanics and applied anatomy ....
Sport• Technique development• Injury reduction
Clinical• Rehabilitation• Disease identification and progression
Occupational• Ergonomics• Kinanthropometry (Growth)
Technique Development
Injury Reduction
Rehabilitation
Disease Identification & Progression
Ergonomics
Kinanthropometry (growth)
Learning path for skill?Learning path for skill?
Tactical
Technical
Physical
Mental
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
1.1. Past experiences as a Past experiences as a coach or playercoach or player
e.g. grip on the racquet
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
2.2. Current world trendsCurrent world trends
e.g. two handed backhand
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
3.3. Consider individual Consider individual FLAIRFLAIR of athleteof athlete
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
Must use the previous three Must use the previous three ++ an understanding of an understanding of the the
mechanics of the movementmechanics of the movement
e.g. time on strings (5 ms)
What is the structure of What is the structure of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics (kinesiology)Biomechanics (kinesiology)
Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen
Describing position or movementDescribing position or movementCartesian Coordinate System (2D or 3D)
X
Y
Planes of motionPlanes of motion
Sagittal• right & left
Coronal (Frontal)• front & back
Transverse• Top &
Bottom
Planes of motionPlanes of motion
Sagittal• Front Knee
Angle
Coronal (Frontal)• Trunk Angle
Transverse• Shoulder
Alignment
History of BiomechanicsHistory of Biomechanics
1.1. Ancient Period - 300 B.CAncient Period - 300 B.C
AristotleAristotle (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician) (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician)
- Father of Kinesiology- Father of Kinesiology
- First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement - First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement ofof
female 53% and male 57% at the anatomical positionfemale 53% and male 57% at the anatomical position
Archimedes Archimedes (287 – 212 BC)(287 – 212 BC)
- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)
- principle of buoyancy- principle of buoyancy
- moving a ship by himself - pulleys- moving a ship by himself - pulleys
Continue: History of BiomechanicsContinue: History of Biomechanics
2.2. Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)
- negative emphasis - in physical development - negative emphasis - in physical development
Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)
-!st team of physician-!st team of physician
- bring anatomy to room- bring anatomy to room
- legal to open up human body- legal to open up human body
-1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the -1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the dissection of study of human bodydissection of study of human body
Continue - History of Continue - History of BiomechanicsBiomechanics3. 3. Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.• Leonardo da vinciLeonardo da vinci – 1 – 1stst modern dissector of the human body modern dissector of the human body
( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human ( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human dissection)dissection)
4. Post Renaissance (164. Post Renaissance (16thth-17-17thth century) century)• Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder
of Modern Anatomy.of Modern Anatomy. - 1- 1stst scientific textbook in Anatomy. scientific textbook in Anatomy.• Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope
and microscopeand microscope• Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3 Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3
laws of motionslaws of motions• Giovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern BiomechanicsGiovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern Biomechanics5. Modern Era:5. Modern Era:• Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the
horse.horse.• Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can
move the earthmove the earth
Lecture OutcomesLecture Outcomes• Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical
and occupational settings and give an example of each.
• How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques should be changed and those that should be left alone?
• What is the Cartesian measurement system?
• In a tennis serve define a movement in the:
• Sagittal plane
• Transverse plane
• Frontal plane
Revision for upcoming lecturesRevision for upcoming lectures
• Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints
• Planes of motion
• Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)
• Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8 & 9 (10&11)
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Hip Flexion
Hip Extension
Hip Flexors•psoas major•iliacus •rectus femoris
Hip Extenders•gluteus maximus•adductor magnus (inferior)•hamstrings
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
knee Flexion
Knee Extension
Knee Flexors (hamstrings)•semitendinosus•semimembranosus•biceps femoris (2 heads)Hip Extenders (quadriceps)•rectus femoris •vastus lateralis, medialis & intermedialis
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Ankle Dorsi-Flexion
Ankle Plantar-Flexion
?
?
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Abduction
Shoulder Adduction
?
?
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Internal Rotation
ShoulderExternal Rotation
?
?
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Elbow Flexion
Elbow Extension
?
?
Journal review: Journal review:
1.1. Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and coach? coach?
2.2. Author : Ross SandersAuthor : Ross Sanders
3.3. Year : 1993Year : 1993
4.4. Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 26(1)Recreation, Vol. 26(1)
5.5. MethodsMethods
6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why” questions 6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why” questions (each in one paragraph)(each in one paragraph)
(1 page A4 size only) (1 page A4 size only)
Assignment:Please complete questiion 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Submit during your laboratory session