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Lessons from theGreen Lanes:Evaluating ProtectedBike Lanes in the U.S.

NITC-RR-583

June 2014


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Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No.

NITC-RR-5832. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle

Lessons From The Green Lanes:Evaluating Protected Bike Lanes In The U.S.

5. Report Date

June 2014

6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s)

Chris Monsere, Jennifer Dill, Nathan McNeil, Kelly Clifton, Nick Foster, Tara

Goddard, Matt Berkow, Joe Gilpin, Kim Voros, Drusilla van Hengel, Jamie

Parks

8. Performing Organization Report No.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

Chris Monsere

Portland State University

P.O. Box 751

Portland, Oregon 97207

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

11. Contract or Grant No.

NITC-RR-58312. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC)

P.O. Box 751Portland, Oregon 97207

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

Final Report

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract

This report presents finding from research evaluating U.S. protected bicycle lanes (cycle tracks) in terms of their use, perception, benefits, and

impacts. This research examines protected bicycle lanes in five cities: Austin, TX; Chicago, IL; Portland, OR; San Francisco, CA; and

Washington, D.C., using video, surveys of intercepted bicyclists and nearby residents, and count data. A total of 168 hours were analyzed in this

report where 16,393 bicyclists and 19,724 turning and merging vehicles were observed. These data were analyzed to assess actual behavior of

bicyclists and motor vehicle drivers to determine how well each user type understands the design of the facility and to identify potential conflicts

between bicyclists, motor vehicles and pedestrians. City count data from before and after installation, along with counts from video observation,

were used to analyze change in ridership. A resident survey (n=2,283 or 23% of those who received the survey in the mail) provided the

perspective of people who live, drive, and walk near the new lanes, as well as residents who bike on the new lanes. A bicyclist intercept survey

(n= 1,111; or 33% of those invited to participate) focused more on people’s experiences riding in the protected lanes. A measured increase was

observed in ridership on all facilities after the installation of the protected cycling facilities, ranging from +21% to +171%. Survey data indicates

that 10% of current riders switched from other modes, and 24% shifted from other bicycle routes. Over a quarter of riders indicated they are

riding more in general because of the protected bike lanes. A large majority of drivers and bicyclists stated that they understood the intent of the

intersection designs and were observed to use them as intended, though specific designs perform better than others on certain tasks. No collisions

or near-collisions were observed over 144 hours of video review for safety at intersections, including 12,900 bicyclists. Residents and bicyclists

indicated that any type of buffer shows a considerable increase in self-reported comfort levels over a striped bike lane, though designs with more

physical separation had the highest scores. Buffers with vertical physical objects (those that would be considered protected lanes - e.g. with

flexposts, planters, curbs, or parked cars) all resulted in considerably higher comfort levels than buffers created only with paint. Flexpost buffers

got very high ratings even though they provide little actual physical protection from vehicle intrusions— cyclists perceive them as an effective

means of positive separation. Support for the protected lanes among residents was generally strong with 75% saying that they would support

building more protected bike lanes at other locations, and 91% of surveyed residents agreed with the statement, “I support separating bikes from

cars.” This agreement was high among primary users of all modes (driving, walking, transit, and bicycling), though motorists expressed concerns

about the impacts of protected lanes on congestion and parking. Most residents also agreed with the statement “I would be more likely to ride a

bicycle if motor vehicles and bicycles were physically separated by a barrier,” with “ Interested but Concerned” residents expressing the highestlevel of agreement at 85%. Nearly three times as many residents felt that the protected bike lanes had led to an increase in the desirability of living

in their neighborhood, as opposed to a decrease in desirability (43% vs 14%).

17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement

No restrictions. Copies available from NITC:

www.otrec.us/NITC

19. Security Classification (of this report)

Unclassified

20. Security Classification (of this page)

Unclassified

21. No. of Pages177

22. Price


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