2014 isea confined space presentation

8/11/2019 2014 ISEA Confined Space Presentation

1/75

Solutions from ISEA Expert

Con fined Space Safety


2/75

congress.nsc.org

What is ISEA?

ISEA is the association for personal protective equ

and technologies

ISEA is a standards developer

ISEA is the industrys eyes, ears and voice in W ISEA is a source of market insight and intellige

ISEA is a trusted source of information about PP


3/75

congress.nsc.org

Standards development ANSI/ISEA standards

Gas detector tubes, passive monitors Chemical protective apparel classification, sizing and labeling of limited u

thermal protective apparel

Emergency eyewash and shower, decon showers

Eye and face protection

First aid kits

Glove selection

Head protection

High-visibility apparel and public safety vests


4/75

congress.nsc.org

ISEA product coverage

Emergency eyewash andshower

Eye and face protection

Fall protection

First aid

Hand protection

Head protection

Hearing protectio High-visibility sa

apparel

Instruments

Protective appare

Respiratory prote


5/75congress.nsc.org

Confined Space Safety


6/75

congress.nsc.org

Todays experts

Instrumentation/Monitoring:Atmospheric MonitoringConfined Spaces

Bob Vigdor, Scott Safety

Respiratory Protection:Reliable Use of Self-Containe

Breathing Apparatus in Extremely High H2S Concent Paul Hatala, Draeger

Fall Protection in Confined Space Safety

Brad May, Sellstrom/ RTC Fall Protection


7/75

Atmospheric Monitoring in Confined SpacesBob Vigdor

Director of Sales, Gas DetectionScott Safety

[email protected]


8/75

congress.nsc.org

Why is gas detection importa


9/75

congress.nsc.org

By Mike Martindale

News Staff Writer

MENOMENEE, Mich.Bill Hofer was the f irst to collapse in

the dark manure pit.Inhaling a combination of toxic gases,

he quickly lost consciousness andslipped down into the pool of murky liquidin the bottom of the 12-foot hole.

Then one after another, the four men

at the top of the pit scrambled in, tryingfirst to save Hofer, and then each other,from the deadly fumes.

Within five minutes all were dead ordying in what is believed to be the worstfarm accident in Michigan history.

Killed yesterday along with the 63-year-old

Hofer were his uncle, Carl Theuerkauf, Sr.,the 65-year old patriarch of the centennialfarm; two of Theuerkaufs sons, 37-year oldCarl Jr. and 28-year old Tom; and Carl Jr.s

15-year old son, Daniel.Im sure that when one person slipped

or fell, out of love and for help, one afteranother went in, said Richard Breyer with

the county farm extension service inMenominee.

Dorothy Theuerkauf, who lost a husband,two sons, and a grandson in the tragedysaid:

I cant believe something like this could

happen. It will probably take me a couple ofweeks before it actually sinks in.

On Thursday, inves

men were using a pucovered, 12-foot deeand were almost finisclogged.

Hofer descendedclear the block.

Its unknown wh

but eventually they arest, said Menomine

Deputy Booth WhippCounty Medical E

Haupt estimates it tofor each of the men tinvisible cloud of gasof methane and hydr

5 died trying to save each other


10/75

congress.nsc.org

The firefighters went to the home of NeMonday to pump out her well. She hathe odor and suspected that an anima

died.

The volunteers used the pump on theisuccess and returned Tuesday afternopump, state police said.

Lane and Larry Traxler of Hustontown with the pump and took it about halfwawide shaft. Traxler became dizzy and surface, but Lane was overcome.

Traxler went back for him but lost consHersey and Traxlers father, Clair, 41, w

was overcome. Others on the surface

additional help.

Methane in well kills three firefighters

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Thursday, May 3, 1990

HUSTONTOWN, PA (AP)Residents were mourningyesterday for three volunteer firefighters who died

while helping a neighbor to clean out a 38-foot well andwere overcome by gas.

The deaths were the first in the 25-year history of the170-member volunteer company in South CentralFulton County said Assistant Chief Robert Cover.

James F. Chestnut, Jr., 20, and Richard L. Hersey, 40,

both of Hustontown, and Thomas L. Lane, 39, ofMcConnellsburg, died Tuesday, apparently of Methanegas that had built up in the well.

About two dozen other people were treated, includingat least six men who inhaled some of the gas.


11/75

congress.nsc.org

65% of fatalities due to atmospheric hazard

Ref. # Accident Type Events Injur

1 Atmospheric condition in CS 80 72 Explosion or fire in CS 15 43 Explosion or fire at point of entry 23 24 Electrical shock or electrocution 11 5 Caught in / crushed by machinery 10 6 Engulfment 16 7 Struck by falling objects 15 1

8 Falls inside Confined Space 27 29 Ingress / egress 33 310 Insufficient maneuverability 15 111 Eye injury 10 112 Other 21

-------------------------Total 276 23


12/75

congress.nsc.org

Regulatory Requirements

OSHA 1910.146 Permit-required confined spac


13/75

congress.nsc.org

Characteristics of Confined Spaces

Large enough for worker to enter

Are not designed for continuous worker occupan

Limited openings for entry and exit


14/75

congress.nsc.org

Permit-Required Confined Spaces

One or more of the following: Hazardous atmosphere (known or potential)

Material with the potential for engulfment

Inwardly sloping walls or dangerously sloping f

or

Contains any other serious safety hazard


15/75

congress.nsc.org

Large Enough to Enter

Confined Space

Not Confined Sp


16/75

congress.nsc.org

Meeting Basic CS Criteria

Limited means of

entry and exit

Not designed forcontinuousoccupancy


17/75

congress.nsc.org

Typical Confined Spaces

Storage tanks

Ship compartments

Process vessels

Boilers

Sewers

Tunnels Underground utility vaults

Pipelines

Storm drains


18/75

congress.nsc.org

Some Confined Spaces are Open-Topped

Pits Degreasers

Open-topped water tanks

Ship holds

Excavations


19/75

congress.nsc.org

Most confined space accidare caused by failure torecognize the hazards!


20/75

congress.nsc.org

Stratification

Atmospherichazards in confinedspaces form layers

OSHA requires

testing theConfined Spaceatmosphere every4 feet


21/75

congress.nsc.org

Three Basic Kinds of Atmospheric Hazards

Oxygen (deficiency and enrichment)

Flammable gases and vapors

Toxic contaminants


22/75

congress.nsc.org

A llconfined spaces arepermit-required until

proven otherwise.


23/75

congress.nsc.org

General RequirementsEmployers must:

Identify confined spaces Identify potential hazards

Inform employees by posting signs where feasible

Prevent entry by unauthorized persons

Ensure procedures and equipment necessary for rescue

Protect entrants from external hazards

Enforce established procedures Establish procedures and practices to allow safe entry (permit system)

Control hazards where possible through engineering or work practices

Train employees

Provide required equipment


24/75

congress.nsc.org

General RequirementsEmployers must provide required equipment:

Testing and monitoring Respiratory

Ventilation

Communications

Lighting Barriers

Other personal protective equipment

Any required rescue and emergency equipment


25/75

congress.nsc.org

Composition of Fresh Air

78.1% Nitrogen

20.9% Oxygen

0.9% Argon

0.1% All other gases

Water vapor

CO2

Other trace gases


26/75

congress.nsc.org

Oxygen Deficiency

Most widely accepted definition:Air is oxygen deficient wheneverconcentration is less than 19.5%


27/75

congress.nsc.org

Causes of Oxygen Deficiency

Displacement

Microbial action

Oxidation

Combustion

Absorption


28/75

congress.nsc.org

Oxygen Displacement in a Fully Enclosed V

O 2O2O 2

O 2

O 2 O 2

N 2N2 N 2N 2

N 2

N 2N 2

N2N 2

N 2

N 2

N 2O2

N 2 Nitrogen

Purge

N 2N 2N 2

N 2

N 2 N 2

N 2N2 N 2N 2

N 2

N 2N 2

N2N 2

N 2

N 2

N 2N 2

N 2


29/75

congress.nsc.org

Oxygen Displacement in an Open Topped Confi

Argon


30/75

congress.nsc.org

Symptomsof Oxygen Deficiency

20.9 %19.5 % - 12 %

12 % - 10 %

10 % - 6 %

6 % - 0 %

Oxygen content in fresh airImpaired judgment, increased pulse andrespiration, fatigue, loss of coordination

Disturbed respiration, poor circulation,worsening fatigue and loss of critical facusymptoms within seconds to minutes

Nausea, vomiting, inability to move, loss oconsciousness, and death

Convulsions, gasping respiration, cessatiobreathing, cardiac arrest, symptoms immedeath within minutes


31/75

congress.nsc.org

Explosive or Flammable Atmosphe


32/75

congress.nsc.org

Fire Tetrahedron

Oxygen

Chain reac

Fuel

Source of ignition


33/75

congress.nsc.org

Oxygen Enrichment

Proportionallyincreases the rate ofmany chemicalreactions

Can cause ordinarycombustible materialsto become flammableor explosive


34/75

congress.nsc.org

29 CFR 1910.146 specifies 23.5% is oxygen enriched

Other codes are more stringent

Most conservative approach is to use 22% astake action point

Oxygen Enrichment


35/75


36/75

congress.nsc.org

Upper Explosive Limit (U.E.L.)

Most but not all combustible gases have anupper explosive limit

Maximum concentration in air that willsupport combustion

Concentrations that are above the U.E.L.are too rich to burn


37/75

congress.nsc.org

FlammabilityRange

The range between the L.E.L. and the U.E.L. of a combust

gas or liquid

Concentrations within the flammable range will burn or expa source of ignition is present

LEL

Gas Concentrat ionFlammability

Range

UEL


38/75

congress.nsc.org

Combustible Gas/Vapor InstrumentsRead in Percent LEL

0 100% LEL

Gas ConcentrationFlammability

Range


39/75

Solutions from ISEA Expert

Con fined Space Safety


40/75

Reliable Use of Self-ContaineBreathing Apparatus in Extrem

High H2S Concentrations

Presented by Paul Hatala

Marketing Manager, Respiratory Solutions

DrgerSeptember 16, 2014

Agenda


41/75

congress.nsc.org

g

H2S Hazards

Protection Factor

Customer Requests

Empirical Test Methods

Whats Next

H2S Hazards


42/75

congress.nsc.org

2

Concentrations (ppm), effects

Insert photo

0.00011 - 0.00033

Typicalbackgroundconcentrations

Insert photo

50100

Slight conjunctivitis("gas eye") andrespiratory tractirritation after 1hour.

May causedigestive upset andloss of appetite.

Insert photo

700-1000

Rapidunconsciousness,"knockdown" orimmediate collapsewithin 1 to 2 breaths

Breathing stops

Death within minutes

Insert photo

10002000

Nearly instantdeath

45,

H2S Hazards


43/75

congress.nsc.org

2

Exposure Limits

Source Exposure Type

NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL), 10-min ceiling

OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), Construction 8-hour Limit

OSHA PEL, Shipyard 8-hour Limit

OSHA PEL, General Industry Ceiling Limit

OSHAPEL, General Industry Peak Limit

(up to 10 minutes, if no other exposure during shift)

NIOSH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDHL)

Protection factor


44/75

congress.nsc.org

The protection level expected by a certain class of respirators, orthe specific level of protection that a specific wearer may achieve

The difference between wearing a specific respirator type and

wearing no respirator at all.

Concentration Outside

Concentration Inside

Protection factor


45/75

congress.nsc.org

Varies globally

Nominal Protection Factor (NPF)If you follow EN regulations and your country does not s

Assigned Protection Factor (APFEN)If you follow EN regulations and your country does spec

Assigned Protection Factor (APFOSHA)If you follow OSHA regulations

Workplace Protection Factor (WPF)If a company performed its own workplace studies in theatmosphere

Protection factor


46/75

congress.nsc.org

OSHA

OSHA Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1920.134)

Maximum Use Concentration


47/75

congress.nsc.org

(MUC)

The maximum atmospheric concentration of a hazardous substawhich an employee can be expected to be protected when wearin

protection.

MUC = APF x PEL = 100,000 ppm

For PEL = 10 ppm and SCBA face mask w ith APF = 10,000

Customer requests for protection


48/75

congress.nsc.org

CustomerRequested Max. Use

Concentration of H2SExposure with Mask

APF = 10,000

A 10,000 ppm 1 ppm

B 25,000 ppm 2.5 ppm

C 37,000 ppm 3.7 ppm

D 180,000 ppm 18 ppm

E, F, G 250,000 ppm 25 ppm

H 470,000 ppm 47 ppm

Empirical Testing

Si l ti


49/75

congress.nsc.org

Simulation

Simulated Working Protection Factor (SWFP)

Cannot reasonably test WPF in anH2S environment

Use a simulated pollutant instead

Conduct testing under actual work

activity

The simulated pollutant should mimicthe chemical behavior of the hazardous

pollutant

Empirical Testing

A l


50/75

congress.nsc.org

Aerosol

Independent testing using aerosols yields fantastic r

Drger SCBA masks testedSWPF = 1,000,000

But Aerosol particles are muchbigger than H2S gas molecules andhave different chemical behavior

Results cannot provide an authoritativeforecast of protection from H2S gas

Empirical Testing

Gas


51/75

congress.nsc.org

Gas

Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) may be to measure gaseou

contaminant protection factor

SF6behaves similarly to H2S, providing a realistic simulatiodangers occurring on acidic oil fields

Total Inward Leakage (TIL) tests, in accordance with EN 13mask), were carried out as part of a certification exam

Empirical Testing

Gas


52/75

congress.nsc.org

Gas

Certified* NPF = 33,000

Recorded values for both DrgerPanorama Novaand FPS7000,in positive pressure mode

Much higher protection factorsthan required by standards

(APF = 10,000)

* Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance

Customer Requests for Protection


53/75

congress.nsc.org

CustomerRequestedMUC of H2S

Exposure with MaskAPF = 10,000

Exposure with MaNPF = 33,000

A 10,000 ppm 1 ppm 0.3 ppm

B 25,000 ppm 2.5 ppm 0.76 ppm

C 37,000 ppm 3.7 ppm 1.1 ppm

D 180,000 ppm 18 ppm 5.5 ppm

E, F, G 250,000 ppm 25 ppm 7.6 ppm

H 470,000 ppm 47 ppm 14 ppm

Whats next


54/75

congress.nsc.org

Expand testing to ISO* efforts relating protection tohuman factors

Focus on anthropometrics (variety of head forms)

related to protection factors

Expand number of test subjects and number oftest exercises

Understand how seal geometry protects aspecific individual

Summary


55/75

congress.nsc.org

Nationally assigned protection factors and exposure limits vary

Customers require equipment with protection factors in excess ostandards

Where appropriate, consider certified test results that simulate hconditions

Work in oil fields with extremely high H2S concentrations necessitate breprotection with a protection factor that exceeds normal requirements. A ttest verifies Drger self-contained breathing apparatus to have a protectsuitable for environments well in excess of that which would be consider

Thank you


56/75

congress.nsc.org

PaulHatala

Marketing Manager

Respiratory Solutions

Phone: +1 412 788 5508

Email: [email protected]


57/75

Solutions from ISEA ExpertCon fined Space Safety


58/75

Fall Protectionin Confined Space Safety

Bradley S. May, National Distribution Sales Manager

Sellstrom Manufacturing


59/75

congress.nsc.org

Equipment Components

Tripod Davit Arm

Extricator/3-way

Equipment Winch

Attendant SRL

Full Body harnesses


60/75

congress.nsc.org


61/75

congress.nsc.org

Tripods

Standard heights range from 7 to 10 Most are aluminum, some older models steel

Multi-positional legs for uneven surfaces

Provide 5,000 lb. anchorage point per OSHA Must Meet OSHA 1926 subpart M, 1910.66 a

C, and ANSI Z359.1 Standards

Tripod anchorage points


62/75

congress.nsc.org

Tripod anchorage points


63/75

congress.nsc.org

Tripod Innovations

No leg chains necessary---locking plate Third anchorage point for attendant

Riveted and cabled leg pins


64/75

congress.nsc.org


65/75

congress.nsc.org

Extricator or 3-way

Performs 3 functions---raise or lower thworker and provide fall protection

Cable lengths up to 140

Galvanized steel or jacketed Kevlar


66/75

congress.nsc.org

Extricator or 3-way


67/75

congress.nsc.org

Equipment winch


68/75

congress.nsc.org

Davit Arm Systems


69/75

congress.nsc.org

Attendant SRL

Reflective Harness for Conf


70/75

congress.nsc.org

Reflective Harness for Conf

Space


71/75

congress.nsc.org

Bradley S. May

National Distribution Sales ManagerSellstrom Manufacturing

[email protected]

(317)372-9461 mobile

(800)323-7402 office
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


72/75

congress.nsc.org

Information on PPE

www.safetyequipment.org Online buyers guide

Use & selection guides

2012 Confined Space Roundtable - A


73/75

congress.nsc.org

Questions


74/75

congress.nsc.org

Thank You!!!

www.safetyequipment.org


75/75

Solutions from ISEA ExpertCon fined Space Safety

2014 isea confined space presentation

Documents