2013-vii. flow sheeting

8/10/2019 2013-VII. Flow Sheeting

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Chemical Engineering Drawing

Menggambar Teknik Proses(ENCH600014)

Topic VII

Process Flowsheeting

Departement of Chemical Engineering

Universitas Indonesia


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Types of diagrams

Block Diagram

Material Flow Sheet

Energy Flow Sheet

Process Flow Diagram

Information Flow Diagram

Piping & Instrumentation

Diagram


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Block Diagram

Simplest form of presentation

Each Block can be represent

a single piece of equipment or

a complete stage in the process

For complex processes,

1. usage of block diagram is limited to showing the overall

process

2. represent only the principle stages

Useful for representing a process in a simplified form in reports and

text books, but have only a limited use as engineering document

Stream flow rates and compositions can be shown

oadjacent to stream lines when only a small amount of information

is shown

o in a separate table


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Liquid

storage

LS- 01

Liquid

storage

LS- 02

Mixing

M-03

Reactor

R-04

For recycling


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Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Is the pictorial representation of the process layout with standard

symbols

Equipment should be drawn approximately to the scale (mainlyprincipal equipment)

All equipment should be labeled

Is shown the sequence of unit operations and stream connections

Slide 7

Usually include auxiliary services to the process

circulating oil

air

water

Steam

flue gas

refrigeration, etc. Slide 8


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Slide 6


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Fragment of PFD


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Reactor

Heat exchange

Tray columnFluid

contacting

column

Sealed tank

Standard symbols

BS 8888 ; BS 1553


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Material Flow Sheet

Is drawn with standard symbols and labeled and include all data

obtained

If no space available to label equipment, a equipment key can be

drawn at the bottom of the flow sheet

Following data should be shown on the flow sheet in deferent ways

flow rate of each component

total stream flow rate

percentage composition

Simplest method suitable for simple processes with few

equipments, tabulate the data in blocks alongside the process

stream Slide 14

Better method applicable for all complex processes, stream line is

numbered and the data tabulated at the top or bottom of the sheet

(above and below the equipment layout) Slide 15


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Energy Flow Sheet

Energy balance is to determine the energy requirement of the

process:

the heating, cooling and power required.

In energy flow sheet

Inlet and outlet energy flow rates should be shown separately for

each piece of equipment

Include

energy (calculated by total enthalpy form or using specific

capacity data) of each component in all (inlet and outlet)streams

- process conditions of all (inlet and outlet) streams

- process conditions of the specific equipment

S


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Energy Balance Sheet


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Information Flow Diagram (IFD)

Is used in simulation programmes

Is presented by blocks

Each block represents a calculation module in the

simulation programme, usually a process unit or

part of a unit

units in which no change of composition ortemperature or pressure occurs are omitted from

IFD

But other operations not shown on the process

flow diagram as actual pieces of equipment, butwhich can cause changes in the stream

composition must be shown.

Flow of information should be shown with lines and

arrow

Pi i & I t t ti Di (P & I)


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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P & I)

Shows the engineering details of equipment, instrument, piping,

valves and fittings and their arrangement

Sometimes called as Engineering Flow Sheet or Engineering Line

Diagram

P & I should be included with

All process equipment identified by equipment number

All pipes identified by a line number. Pipe size and material of

construction should be shown (material may include as a part of the

identification number)

All valves with an identification no. along with their type & size

should be shown

Ancillary fittings that are part of piping system such as inline sight

glasses, strainers and stream traps with an identification no.

Pumps identified by a suitable code no.

All control loops and instruments with identification


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MeasuredVariable TypeofConditioner TypeofComponent

F=Flow R=Recorder T=Transmitter

L=Level I=Indicator M=Modifier

P=Pressure C=Controller E=Element

Q=Quantity A=Alarm

T=Temperature

nstrument dentification


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Pure oxygen is manufactured by liquefying air and distilling it to

recover pure oxygen and nitrogen. The entering air is contactedwith potassium hydroxide solution in a CO2 absorption tower to

remove carbon dioxide. The air (free of carbon dioxide) is then

sent through a compressor to increase its pressure to 200 atm. In

this process the temperature of arises to 50 0C and this is cooled

to 30 0C in a water-cooled heat exchanger. The resultant air at200 atm and 30 0C is cooled to -30 0C in a first stage cooler and it

is further cooled to -180 0C in a second stage cooler. The liquefied

air mixture (N2 and O2) is distilled in a distillation column to

produce a distillate product of 98% N2 and 2% O2 and a bottom

product of 99% O2 and 1% N2.

Draw a block diagram for the above process and indicate all

process streams by arrows and label all streams and process

units with pressure, temperature and compositions as per the

above process description

Example :

KOH


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Absorption

CoolerCooler

Heat

Exchanger

Compressor

Distillation

Unit

Air

KOH

CO2

CO2 Free

Air

Compressed air

500

C, 200 Atm

Water

WaterCooled air

300C, 200 Atm

Cooled air

-300C, 200 Atm

Liquified Air Mixture

-1800CDistilled Product

N2 98%

O2 2%

Bottom Product

N2 1%

O2 99%


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Approach for Conceptual Design

T i l W kfl I F d D i


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Typical Workflow In Front-end Design

Projects


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Work Flow For Developing P&ID and PFD

EquipmentData Sheet

Plot Plan

Process Flow Diagram(PFD)

Piping & Instrument Diagram(P&ID)

Material Selection Diagram(MSD)

Piping ServiceClass

PerhitunganHidrodinamika

ClientSpecification

PipingDesign

InstrumentDesign

MainFlow

&

ControlSystem

Equipment Sizing

EquipmentLocation

Material Piping sizel

Client requirementMaintenance Philosophy


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Introduction to notation for various important

equipments in P&ID


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Numbering of equipments and instruments

Agitators, Mixers

Equipment/Item Number

Title/Service

Power Requirements

Materials of Construction

Vessels/Tanks

Equipment/Item Number

Title/Service

Size, Capacity

Design Pressure @ Temperature Materials of Construction

Trim

Insulation


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5. Penomoran Pipa (Line Numbering)

Jika kita akan memulai penomoran line (pipa) dari angka 100 untuk membedakandan memudahkan pencarian. Dan pipa untuk service fluida HC terdiri dari 5 kelasuntuk berbagai rating dan maximum working pressure yang dapat dicapai, makapenotasian dapat berupa kelas A s/d E untuk service fluida HC ini, yang dibedakandengan ratingnya, misalnya kelas C s/d E untuk rating pipa yang lebih tinggi karenaadanya kontaminan CO2 dalam fluida HC tersebut.

Selanjutnya berapa ukuran pipa yang dimaksud (setelah dipastikan denganperhitungan proses tentunya) adalah penotasian berikutnya, sehingga penotasianlengkap dapat berupa :

100 - A - 2" atau 100 - HC - A - 2"

Berarti : angka 100 adalah line number, huruf HC merupakan jenis fluida,

huruf A adalah kelas yang dimaksud misal kelas 150#,

2" adalah ukuran pipanya.

Semua hal ini harus cocok dengan notasi pada gambar isometrik perpipaan yangada serta segala macam gambar yang diproduksi oleh departemen piping.


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6. Pengenalan berbagai simbol dalam P&ID


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Simbol Valve


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Simbol Garis


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Simbol Pipa


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Simbol Instrumentasi


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7. Pengenalan komponen penting lainnya dalam P&ID

Drawing index : berisi daftar nomor P&ID dan judul-judul dari P&ID alurprocess/utilities yang dibuat, revisi yang pernah dibuat serta status P&IDtersebut apakah gambar dibuat untuk keperluan konstruksi atau untukkeperluan demolish/removal. Judul yang dapat dibuat untuk sebuah P&IDbisa berupa penggambaran satu buah equipment dalam alur prosesutamanya, misal High Pressure Separator (V-2001 A). Drawing index ini

penomorannya dapat dimulai dari 00, melanjutkan contoh diatas makanomor drawing index adalah DM-PP-2000 sheet 1 of 3, dengan judul :Drawing Index.

Simbol-simbol baik simbol statik/rotating equipment, instrumentasi,piping, elektrikal yang diperlukan dalam proyek tersebut yang dipecah jadibeberapa sheet bila diperlukan maka penomorannya bisa dicontohkanDM-PP-2000 sheet 2 and 3 of 3, melanjutkan notasi penomoran daridrawing index, dengan berjudul standard symbol and legend.

Sambungan (link) antara berbagai P&ID harus match baik itu pipingnya :ukuran, spek, line numbernya maupun posisinya. Kemudian juga sinyalinstrumentasi yang ada, baik itu signal elektrikal ataupun pneumatic.Tentunya bagan to and from dari dan ke berbagai P&ID untukpenotasian piping atau sinyal itu harus dicantumkan lengkap disitu

sehingga memudahkan pencarian dan pengertiannya aliran atau dari dankemana sin al itu ber alan.


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Penulisan simbol


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Contoh P&ID


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Control valve loop

FC

4300#

PC

005

PY

005

PV

005

I/P

H

L

PT

005

4


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LT/FT Cascade Control

FC

4300#

FV102

4

6-PL-10042-AA11-N

FT102

FE102

300#

LT

105DISP

SP

LI105

H

L

FC102

6-PL-10042-AA11-N


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Split range control(1)

H

L

PT001

I/P

8-PG-10043-AA11-N

FC/TSO4300#

PY001D

PV001B

I/P

6-PG-10042-BA21-N

FC

4300#

PY001C

PV001A

a

2xa

2x(a-50)

0 100PIC OUTPUT

100

0

A

CVOPENING

6

6-PG-10043-BA21-N

6

4

PY001A

PY001B

P

PC001


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Split range control(2)

2-PG-10102-AA11-N

I/P

3-PG-10101-AA11-N

1-1/2

PY001D

PY001A

a

2x(50-a) 2x(a-50)

0 100PIC OUTPUT

100

0

A

CVOPE

NING

I/P

FC1

PY001C

PV001A

PC001

AH

AL

PT001

FC

PV001B

2

3

1-1/2

2

PY001B


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Typical centrifugal compressor


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2013-vii. flow sheeting

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