2013 ap multiple choice questions

7/26/2019 2013 AP Multiple Choice Questions

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2013 AP multiple

Choice QuestionsDirections: Read the question and place the best possible answeron a separate sheet of paper. Give yourself 55 minutes to take it.

You will receive the answer sheet in class on Monday


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1. Which of the following types of evidence would most stronglysupport the theory that the Americas were first populated bypeople migrating across a land bridge that connected Northeast

Asia and North America?(A) The discovery of pottery from ing !hina ata pre"!olumbian site in #eru($) American %ndians& lac' of immunity to manydiseases endemic to Afro"urasia(!) ata showing a close genetic relationshipbetween American %ndians and indigenouspeoples of *iberia() Architectural similarities between thepyramids of Teotihuac+n, e-ico, andi/a, gypt


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0. Which of the following was an importantcontinuity in the social structure of states and

empires in the period 22 $.!. to 1032 !..?(A) #easants were generally free of obligations to

the state.($) Wealthy merchants dominated political

institutions.(!) 4andholding aristocracies tended to be the

dominant class.() 5rban craft wor'ers played a substantial role in

government.


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. Which of the following was an important long"term demographic impact of the spread of new rice

varieties in ast Asia during the period circa 22!.. to 1622 !..?(A) A decrease in the si/e of ast Asian cities

outside the rice"growing area($) The large"scale settlement of nomadic central

Asians into farming communities(!) A rapid increase of ast Asian populations() The movement of large numbers of ast Asians

from cities to farms


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7. Which of the following accurately describesa characteristic shared by Afro"urasian urban

centers before 22 !..?(A) !ities promoted cultural homogeneity.($) !ities gained increasing economic

independence from hinterland regions.(!) !ities served as centers of commercial

activity.() !ities were generally politically

independent of larger political units.


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8. *ociologists who study religion have noted that religionsthat emphasi/e individual faith will sometimes spreadrapidly in societies e-periencing disorder and a decline in

influence of traditional sources of authority. Which of thefollowing is the clearest e-ample of this tendency?(A) The adoption of $uddhism by the auryan emperor

Asho'a($) The spread of %slam along the trans"*aharan trade

routes(!) The spread of $uddhism in !hina after the end of the

9an dynasty() The spread of !hristianity into northern and western

urope during the early :oman mpire


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;. %n the period 22 !.. to 1032 !.., merchantdiaspora communities, such as those of uslims in%ndia, !hinese in *outheast Asia, and


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12. The ongol con=uests of much of urasia in thethirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the*il' :oads primarily by(A) opening large new mar'ets for both uropean and

ast Asian goods in !entral Asia($) increasing the demand for military supplies needed

by the ongol armies that occupied various regions

(!) decreasing the ris' of bandit attac's and reducingthe number of local rulers collecting tribute from tradecaravans() discouraging seaborne trade along the %ndian >cean

routes that competed with the *il' :oads


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11. Which of the following characteri/ed thetrans"*aharan trade by 1632 !..?

(A) The bul' of the trade consisted of low"priced commodities.($) uslim merchants dominated the trade.(!) uropean !hristians became directly

involved in the trade.() ost trade was carried by horse rather

than by people.


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16. Which of the following describes an importantsimilarity between the ancient #ersian mpire and

the :oman mpire?(A) $oth attempted to impose an e-clusive statereligion on their subects.($) $oth had economies that relied heavily on

overseas trade.(!) $oth were multiethnic empires that incorporated

local elites in the imperial government.() $oth were centered on the editerranean *ea.


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1@. Which of the following was a significant effect of the#olynesian migrations in the #acific in the period from22 !.. to 1032 !..?(A) The creation of an e-tensive trade networ'

connecting #acific islands to the Asian mainland($) The transfer of domesticated plant and animal

species to new islands in the #acific

(!) The development of distinctive #olynesian maritimetechnologies =uic'ly adopted by !hinese and uropeane-plorers() The establishment of an ethnically unified

#olynesian state spanning several island groups


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10. Which of the following was an important continuityin the history of the editerranean region between 022and 1222 !..?(A) The religious ma'eup of the societies in the region

remained virtually the same.($) The western editerranean remained politically

unified, whereas the eastern editerranean remained

politically fractured.(!) The $y/antine mpire remained a centrali/ed!hristian empire in the editerranean.() The *assanid mpire continued to 'eep its access

to the eastern editerranean


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13. Which of the following was an immediate effectof the initial uslim con=uests of the seventh

century !..?(A) The elimination of !hristianity and


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1. Which of the following was the most immediate effect ofthe #ortuguese establishment of a school for navigation inthe 1022s?(A) The development of overseas trade between West Africa

and urope($) The establishment of regular trade contact between

urope and the Americas(!) The decline of enetian control of the trade in Asian

lu-ury goods() The establishment of direct overseas trade lin's between

%ndia and uropes (!) The decline of enetian control of the trade in Asian

lu-ury goods


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17. A historian researching the effects of epidemicdisease on the population levels of seventeenth"

century colonial #eru would probably find which ofthe following sources most useful?(A) !hurch records of baptisms and funerals($) Accounts by *panish doctors of cases of

miraculous healings(!) Transcripts of court cases involving inheritances() #etitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial

government re=uesting ta- relief


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18. %n the period 1322 to 1732, the population of the#ortuguese colony of $ra/il grew rapidly and becamepredominantly African. Which of the following beste-plains these demographic changes?(A) The adoption of indigenous food crops by African

migrants($) #ortuguese loss of colonial holdings in the %ndian

>cean(!) The rapid natural increase of $ra/il&s early slave

population() The increase in global demand for cash crops such

as sugar


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1;. Which of the following is a similaritybetween the >ttoman and !hinese

governments during the period 1032B1732 ?(A) The dominance of the imperial

government by a landed aristocracy($) The creation of overseas colonial holdings(!) 9eavy reliance on overseas trade for

government revenues() An e-tensive governmental bureaucracy


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62. Which of the following accurately describes the effectof the spread of !hristianity among most Amerindiansocieties after 1322 !..?(A) !hristianity completely supplanted Amerindian

religious beliefs and practices shortly after the con=uest.($) Amerindians maintained local customs by combining

indigenous beliefs with elements of !hristianity.(!) Amerindians& resistance to !hristianity resulted in

widespread uropean conversions to indigenous religions.() Amerindian religious beliefs and practices were

respected by uropeans who considered them e=ual to!hristian beliefs and practices.


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61. Which of the following was a maor environmentaleffect of the uropean establishment of plantationagriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth andeighteenth centuries?(A) lobal warming, caused by the burning of large

areas of forest($) Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil

nutrients(!) epletion of groundwater supplies caused by

e-cessive irrigation in agricultural areas() %ncreases in the populations of maor indigenous

animal species


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66. Which of the following was a maor long"termeffect of asco da ama&s voyage to %ndia in the late10;2s?(A) %t led to the integration of uropean merchants into

the %ndian >cean economy.($) %t brought about the complete destruction of

uslim"controlled trade routes in the %ndian >cean.

(!) %t spurred the ughal mpire to invest resources inbecoming a maor naval power.() %t cataly/ed the adoption of new uropean naval

technology by states throughout the %ndian >ceanbasin


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6@. A historian researching factors that contributedto the rise of industrial production in the

eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would findwhich of the following types of sources mosthelpful?(A) :ecords of labor and trade union meetings($) A tally of political speeches in favor of versus

those opposed to colonial e-pansion(!) ata on migration of rural populations to urban

areas() ata on prices of lu-ury goods


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67. Which of the following describes an accuratesimilarity between the Ding and :ussian empires in

the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?(A) $oth relied heavily on maritime trade as asource of material goods.($) $oth successfully resisted pressure from

industriali/ed powers.(!) $oth were heavily influenced by the intellectual

wor' of


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68. Which of the following scientificconcepts had the greatest role in

providing a ustification for imperialism inthe late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies?(A) 4ouis #asteur&s germ theory of disease($) !harles arwin&s theory of evolution(!) Albert instein&s theory of relativity() arie !urie&s theory of radioactivity


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6;. Which of the following contributed the most tothe growth of the movement to abolish slavery in

the Atlantic world?(A) %ncreased availability of Asian indentured labor($) The adaptation of nlightenment ideas

challenging established social hierarchies(!) The efforts of industrialists to create a more

fle-ible wor'force() A decline in the number of enslaved persons

being ta'en from Africa


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@1. Which of the following was the mostimmediate cause of global economic integration in

the late twentieth and early twenty"first century?(A) %ncreased dependence on cheap oil from the

iddle ast($) #opulation growth in the developing world(!) ecreases in the cost of long"distance

communication and transportation() :egulation of air and water pollution in the

developed world


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@@. After the abdication of the last Ding emperor in !hina in 1;16, thenew republican government adopted a new national flag (the so"calledfive"races"together"in"harmony flag) in which five stripes represented thefive main ethnic groupsE the 9an !hinese, the anchus, the Tibetans, the

5ighurs, and the ongols. The adoption of the new flag is an e-ample ofwhich of the following processes?(A) overnmental efforts of new states to undo the tolerant ethnic and

religious policies of their imperial predecessors in order to promotegreater uniformity($) overnmental efforts of new states to reduce their political and

economic dependence on former colonial powers(!) fforts by authoritarian governments to mobili/e all segments of

society for a conflict with foreign powers() overnmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new

nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnicseparatism


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@0. FThe immense maority of e-ico&s villages and citi/ens ownonly the ground on which they stand. They suffer the horrors ofpoverty without being able to better their social status . . . or

without being able to dedicate themselves to industry oragriculture due to the fact that the lands, woods, and water aremonopoli/ed by the few.G miliano Hapata, Plan of Ayala, 1;11The opinion e-pressed in the passage above is most consistent

with which of the following?(A) #rivati/ing e-ico&s water and mineral resources($) uaranteeing wor'ers& rights to organi/e and go on stri'e(!) :edistributing one"third of the land controlled by large

landholders to landless peasants() Abrogating all contracts giving foreign nationals ownership of

e-ican land


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@3. FTotal war was no longer a rational option for enemies armed withnuclear weapons. %f they were to fight each other, they could only do so inlimited wars or through nonnuclear client states. %ronically, then, weaponsof total destruction may have rendered total war between maor powers

obsolete in the late twentieth century.G erry Wiesner"9an's, worldhistorian, 6220Which of the following occurrences during the !old War best supports the

main contention of the passage above?(A) $oth the 5nited *tates and the *oviet 5nion actively sought ways to

neutrali/e each other&s nuclear missiles.

($) $oth the 5nited *tates and the *oviet 5nion armed and supported rivalcountries and factions in Africa, Asia, and 4atin America.(!) A large movement protesting the nuclear arms buildup developed in

Western urope and the 5nited *tates.() *everal nonaligned countries sought to obtain nuclear weapons

technology.


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@. F%f anyone steals from a temple or the court, he shall beput to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thingfrom him shall be put to death. F%f anyone buys from the son

or the slave of another man, without witnesses or acontract, silver or gold, . . . he is considered a thief and shallbe put to death.G !ode of 9ammurabi, $abylon, circa 1782$.!..The laws cited above are evidence of which of the following

in $abylonian society?(A) :eliance on divine intervention to resolve legal disputes($) *ocial and economic e=uality(!) The protection of property() :egulari/ed coinage of precious metals


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@7. A historian researching the timeline of the spread ofiron metallurgy in sub"*aharan Africa would find whichof the following sources most useful?(A) $antu"language oral histories transmitted through

generations($) Archaeological evidence of early forges and

smelting operations

(!) uropean travelers& accounts from the eighteenthand nineteenth centuries describing African industrialpractices() North African uslim merchants& account boo's

detailing purchases of iron tools


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@8. F:omantic glorifications of reece create the impression that the ree'ssought rational solutions . . . actually, far from being devoted to the ris's ofrationality, the vast maority of the ree's sought always the safe haven ofsuperstition and the comfort of magic charms.G Cinley 9ooper, historian of

ancient reece, 1;7 F% do not believe that the I*acred isease& JepilepsyKis any more divine or sacred than any other disease, but, on the contrary, %believe it has specific demonstrable characteristics and a definite cause.G9ippocrates of Los, ree' physician, circa @32 $.!..The passage by 9ippocrates wea'ens 9ooper&s claim in the first passage by(A) suggesting that medicine was a thriving discipline in ancient reece

($) e-pressing a mistrust for supernatural causes of medical conditions(!) see'ing to understand a disease that does not have an obvious e-ternalcause() implying that ree' physicians did not have effective treatments for

some diseases


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@;. The establishment of communities of nuns in both!hristian and $uddhist societies by 22 !.. had which ofthe following maor conse=uences?

(A) *ocial and legal restrictions on the lives of womenoutside $uddhist and !hristian convents increased.($) Nuns were able to e-ercise power within their

communities more e-tensively than in their respectivesocieties.

(!) %n both religions, the definition of what counted as aholy life became broader, and it became easier for laypeopleto attain holiness.() The doctrine of both religions shifted toward an

emphasis on salvation.


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02. FAugustus seduced the army with bonuses, and his cheap food policywas successful bait for civilians. %ndeed, he attracted everybody&sgoodwill by the enoyable gift of peace. Then he gradually pushed aheadand absorbed the functions of the senate, the officials, and even the law.

>pposition did not e-ist. War or udicial murder had disposed of all menof spirit.G Tacitus, :oman historian, circa 122 !.., commenting on thereign of Augustus !aesar (67 $.!..B10 !..), first emperor of :ome%n the e-cerpt above, Tacitus& main purpose is to point out that(A) there was a great deal of political upheaval during the reign of

Augustus

($) :oman citi/ens continued to remain loyal to the ideals of the :epublicduring the reign of Augustus(!) Augustus used the peace and prosperity of his reign to enact

sweeping political changes() Augustus was an e-ceptional figure, without parallel in :oman history


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01. *ome historians maintain that a transition betweentwo maor periods in world history most li'ely occurredaround 322 !..M others maintain that this transition

occurred around 22 !.. These two groups ofhistorians are most li'ely to disagree about the relativeimportance of which of the following?(A) The emergence of the classical aya civili/ation($) The role of technological change in world history

periodi/ation(!) The decline of polytheism in the editerranean and

the iddle ast after the fifth century !..() The fall of the western :oman mpire


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Questions 42-43 are based on the following passage.FI% cannot ma'e a tree grow orflourish& Jsaid the gardenerK. . . . IAll % do is avoid hindering a tree&s growth% have nopower to ma'e it grow.& IWould it be possible to apply this philosophy of yours to the art ofgovernment?& as'ed the =uestioner. Iy only art is the growing of trees,& said JthegardenerK. Iovernment is not my business.&G 4iu Hongyuan, !hinese scholar"official, circa

822 !..06. The ideas e-pressed in the passage were most strongly influenced by which of the

following?(A) $uddhism($) !onfucianism(!) aoism() nvironmentalism

0@. A historian of Tang !hina (18B;27 !..) would probably find the passage by 4iuHongyuan most useful as a source of information about which of the following?(A) 4evels of ta-ation($) The main cause of peasant unrest(!) %deas about proper governance() Agricultural techni=ues


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00. A historian of ancient reece would probablyfind Athenian dramas to be most useful as a

source of information about which of thefollowing aspects of ree' society?(A) 4ife e-pectancies in ancient reece($) ree' religious beliefs and moral values

(!) ilitary tactics of ancient ree' armies() Agricultural productivity in ancient reece


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Questions 4-4! are based on the following passage.FThe evil"disposed in thesedistricts Jof nglandK began to rise, saying, they were too severely oppressedM that at thebeginning of the world there were no slaves, and that no one ought to be treated as such. .. . This they would not longer bear, but had determined to be free, and if they labored fortheir lords, they wanted to be paid for it. A cra/y priest in the county of Lent, called


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08. FThe commercial area of the capital e-tends from the old Ding :ivermar'et to the *outhern !ommons and to the city border on the north. . . .*ome famous fabric stores sell e-=uisite brocade fabric and fine sil', whichare unsurpassed elsewhere in the country. . . . ost other cities can only

boast of one special productM what ma'es the capital uni=ue is that it gathersgoods from all places. Curthermore, because of the large population and thebusy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything.G escription of9ang/hou, capital of the southern *ong dynasty, circa 16@3 !..Which of the following assertions in the description of 9ang/hou above would

be most difficult to verify?(A) That 9ang/hou had a large population($) That the merchandise sold in 9ang/hou was of higher =uality than that

sold in other !hinese cities(!) That the merchants of 9ang/hou imported goods from many other places() That 9ang/hou had a large mar'et district


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0;. Which of the following was the maorcontributing factor to the spread of the plague to!airo, $eiing, and Clorence in the fourteenthcentury?(A) %ndian >cean trade routes connecting *outh

Asia to !hina, *outheast Asia, and urope($) Trade along the ongol road system across

!entral Asia(!) The collapse of the Abbasid caliphate() African trade routes connecting sub"*aharan

Africa with Asia and urope


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32. *ome world historians have argued thatthe growth of uropean influence in the period

1032B1732 was due in large part to non"uropean inventions. The history of which ofthe following technological developments bestsupports this contention?

(A) The compass($) *il' weaving(!) *team power() The stirrup


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31. F%n countries where there is a great scarcity of money, all othersaleable goods, and even the labor of men, are given for less money thanJin countriesK where money is abundant. Thus we see by e-perience that inCrance (where money is scarcer than in *pain) bread, wine, cloth, and

labor, are worth much less. And even in *pain, in JrecentK times whenmoney was scarcer than it is now, saleable goods and labor were given formuch less.G artOn de A/pilcueta Navarro, *panish scholar, treatise, 133Navarro&s economic observations e-pressed in the passage above are best

understood in the conte-t of which of the following?(A) The *panish"#ortuguese colonial rivalry in the Atlantic

($) The influ- of silver from the Americas into the *panish economy(!) The practice of governments devaluing their currencies by reducing the

proportion of precious metals in their coins() The beginning of large"scale importation of silver by !hina from

*panish mines in the Americas


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30.4etters written by Cranciscan friars#ictorial records of the e-ica

*tatues produced by local artists in New *pain9istories written in *panish and NahuatlA historian e-amining esoamerica in the si-teenth century would

best utili/e the sources above to analy/e which of the followingtopics?(A) The process of introducing the encomienda system($) 9ow !hristian ideas were communicated to and understood by

Amerindians(!) !onflicts between the


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33. F*pirits of octe/uma, !uauhtQmoc and other A/tec heroes, as once youcelebrated that feast before being slaughtered by the treacherous sword of the*panish con=uistadors, so now celebrate this happy moment in which your sonshave united to avenge the crimes and outrages committed against you, and to

free themselves from the claws of J*panishK tyranny and fanaticism. To the 16thof August 1361the day that the chains of our serfdom were fastenedtherenow succeeds the 10th of *eptember 181@when these chains are bro'enforever.G


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3. Which of the following regions was4A*T affected by the e-pansion of

uropean trade networ's in the period1032 !.. to 1732 !..?(A) The Atlantic basin($) The editerranean basin(!) The %ndian >cean() >ceania


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37. *ome historians have argued that the 9aitian :evolution(17;1B1820) mar's the beginning of the process of decoloni/ationthat culminated in the dissolution of uropean colonial empires

after the *econd World War. 9istorians who ta'e this position areli'ely to place the greatest emphasis on the importance of whichof the following in the decoloni/ation process?(A) The role of the desire for natural rights in independence

movements($) The role of uropean powers in encouraging revolts in each

other&s colonies as part of imperial rivalries(!) The role of economic liberali/ation in undermining the rationale

for colonial empires() The role of indigenous economic patterns in fostering

anticolonial movements


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38. Which of the following contributed the most to the>ttoman mpire&s successful e-pansion in urope andthe iddle ast in the period from 1032 to 122 ?(A) The >ttomans& use of revenues from transoceanic

trade to build a powerful army($) The >ttomans& use of nomadic tribes as cavalry

troops

(!) The >ttomans& adoption of the latest gunpowderand artillery technology() The >ttomans& e-ploitation of uslim desire to

avenge the !rusades


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3;. FAmericans today . . . who live within the *panish system occupy a positionin society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have nomore status than that of mere consumers. Ret even this status is surroundedwith galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow uropean crops, or to

store products which are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a typethe #eninsula itself does not possess. To this add the e-clusive tradingprivileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers betweenAmerican provinces, designed to prevent all e-change of trade, traffic, andunderstanding.G *imSn $olOvar,Jamaica Letter, 1813The =uotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the

author&s motives for resistance to *panish colonial rule in 4atin America?

(A) $olOvar opposed the use of Native Americans and Africans as forced laborersin 4atin America.($) $olOvar reected *panish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in

4atin America.(!) $olOvar was alarmed by the e-cessive consumerism in the *panish empire.() $olOvar hoped to undo the effects of the !olumbian e-change.


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1. Adoption of which of the followingpower sources has contributed the most

to increasing the energy available tohumans?(A) raft animals($) Wind power(!) Cossil fuels() Nuclear power


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6. $y 18@2 revolutions in the Atlantic worldresulted in which of the following changes?

(A) The political independence of colonies inboth North and *outh America($) The emancipation of slaves everywhere in

the Atlantic world

(!) #olitical and economic domination of theWestern 9emisphere by the 5nited *tates() The creation of a politically unified *outh

America


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@. Which of the following factors contributedmost to women gaining the right to vote inindustriali/ed countries between 1;10 and 1;32 ?(A) %n the Cirst and *econd World Wars, women

made highly visible contributions to the war effort.($) The birth rate declined significantly.(!) Women&s life e-pectancies increased at a

faster rate than did the life e-pectancies of men.() New psychological research discredited earlier

theories of a lin' between gender and intelligence


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3. FThe proletariat Jwor'ing classK grows together with the growth ofcapitalism. $ut the day when power goes over into the hands of the proletariatdepends immediately not on the level of the productive forces, but on a seriesof subective factorsE tradition, initiative, readiness for struggle. %n a country

which is economically more bac'ward, the proletariat can come to powersooner than in an advanced capitalist country.G 4eon Trots'y, :ussiancommunist leader, article, 1;2Which of the following best represents the purpose of Trots'y&s statement in

the passage above?(A) To argue that :ussia is ripe for a socialist revolution, despite being less

industriali/ed than other uropean countries

($) To =uestion the applicability of ar-ist class categories outside of westernurope(!) To demonstrate that historical change is ultimately driven by individuals,

rather than by large impersonal processes() To assert that the phase of proletarian dictatorship is a necessary

prere=uisite to a successful socialist revolution


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. Which of the following was a maor effect of theglobali/ation of the world economy during the lastdecade of the twentieth and the first decade of the

twenty"first century?(A) The growth of central economic planning in former

communist countries($) A decrease in global migration by people searching

for better economic opportunities(!) An overall narrowing of the income gap worldwide() :apid economic growth in many countries that

lowered trade barriers and increased their participationin global trade


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7. A historian researching the motives of theperpetrators of the 9olocaust would find which of thefollowing sources most useful?(A) 4etters and publications written by Na/i leaders

before the *econd World War($) The diary of Anne Cran', written by a


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8. Which of the following was the mostimmediate effect of the collapse of the

communist regime in the *oviet 5nion?(A) 5nited *tates involvement in wars in %ra=

and Afghanistan($) The !hinese communist government&s

institution of mar'et"reform policies(!) The end of the !old War() The e-pansion of the uropean 5nion to

include countries in astern urope


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72. F:ecent years have seen a dramatic shift to the left in the politics of 4atinAmerica. This shift . . . has given rise to renewed interest in !he uevara&s ideals of#an"American unity, anti"imperialism, and humanist socialism. The ratherremar'able change in direction of the region&s politics has occurred largely inresponse to the JunpopularityK of the neoliberal agenda of Ifree"mar'et& and Ifree"trade& capitalism pursued by the 5nited *tates overnment, the %nternationalonetary Cund, the World $an', and most of the governments of the region.G:ichard 4. 9arris, Death of a Revolutionary: Che Guevaras Last Mission, 6222Which of the following best describes the main argument that 9arris is ma'ing in

the passage above?(A) Academic interest in uevara&s career and personality has led to renewed

interest in his ideas among the general public.($) The failure of the international community to provide effective economic

assistance to 4atin America has fueled interest in uevara&s ideas.(!) overnments in 4atin America have shifted to the left in their attempts to

adhere to the re=uirements of the World $an' and other international institutions.() Neoliberal governments in 4atin America have reinterpreted uevara&s ideas to

align with their policies.


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"ow did #ou do$chac% answers onne&t slide

That&s it


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2013 ap multiple choice questions

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