:2012/2013 :3 :2

1( 7 V=100mL ( ) ( )

C=1mol/L m=19,2g ( ).

1-

( )( )

( )( )

- : ( ) + 2 ( ) + 8 ( ) ( ) + 2 ( ) + 12 ( )

- . - . - .

2- 25P=105Pa .

- = 24.

- x . 3-

. - t=20s . - t=20s .

4- ( ) ) x ( PV=nRT R=8,31SI = 64

= 35 = 7,14 = 10,4 .

2( 8 I. 1986

134Cs 137Cs . 1- 137Cs .

. . :

13856 Ba 137

56 Ba 13455Cs 137

55Cs 13254 Xe

137,90523u 136,90581u 133,90671u 136,90707u 131,90416u

21 931,5 MevuC

,45,51 10em u

2- .

( )

t(s) 10

0,3

0

1

3- 134Cs : 12

2t ans

3- 1 :0040134Cs.

3-2 : II. :

235 1 94 140 192 0 54 0.zU n Sr Xe k n

:k z. 235

92U . . .

: 23592 235,044m U u ,1,00782pm u ,1,00866nm u

94 8,59 /lE Sr MeV nA

,140 8,29 /lE Xe MeV nA

3( 5 131.

1- .

2- .

3- 12

t nt n

0

2n

NN

24t jrs

.

4- .

2

/- - :

2( ) ( )

3( ) 3 ( ) ( ) 2 ( )

2( ) 3( ) 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( )

3( 2 )

2( 3 4 6 )

3 2 8 3 2 12

s aq

aq aq g L

s aq aq aq g L

Cu Cu e

NO e H O NO H O

Cu NO H O Cu NO H O

)..................................................1 (.

-

( ) ( ) 0.3mn Cu n Cu molM

).......................................................................................0.25(

3 3( ) . ( ) 0.1n NO C V n NO mol).............................................................................0.25(

- .................................................................................................................. : 1

1 10.3 3 0 0.1x x mol)..............................................................................................0.5 (

2 2 max0.1 2 0 0.05 0.05x x mol x mol.............................................................

( ) .................

2-

30.024 24 /PV nRT V m V L mol)........................................................................0.5 (

/(x)(VNO)

2n x..............................................................................................................

NO

M

VnV

..........................................................................................................................

0.022

NONO

M

Vx x VV

) ........................................ ......................................................0.5(

2( ) 3( ) 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( )3 2 8 3 2 12s aq aq aq g LCu NO H O Cu NO H O

0 0 0.1 0.3 0t

2X 3X

0.1 – 2X

0.3 – 3X t

2Xf 3Xf 0.1 – 2Xf 0.3 – 3 Xf ft

3-: /

dxdt

............................................................................................................................. )0.25(

0.02 dVdt

......................................................................................)............................0.25(

2,1 1.50.0220 0

46 10 /mol s).......................................................................................................0.5 (

: 0.02x V

2.1V L .................................................................................................

0.042x mol ...................................................................................................

………………………….. x40.25

3x 2x 0.1 – 2x 0.3 – 3x

0,126mol 0.084moL 0.016moL 0.174moL 20t s

/

[NO3-] NO3-+[Cu+2Cu+2 =[H+

H+ + ............................................................................0.50

=C. +(3x)/V Cu+2+(0.1-2x)/V. NO3

- ........................................................0.50

=42.14+169.2x . ....................................................................................

1- - / ......................................................................1

. :

0t

: 11.25J

2 1 6 11 8.9 10 1.0 10J S

. :

0

2NN

12

t.

: 12

7.8t J :

( )

55p+82n

56p+81n+

( )

+

12

2 1 6 12 8.9 10 1.0 10Ln J st

.......................................................................................

:

: 10 0 0 0( ) ( ) ( ) 0.36tN t N e N N e N N e N

: 00.36N N .

: 2 111.2 8.9 10J J

2- / .

6 32 260 0 1.0 10 32 10 3.2 10A N A Bq...................................................................0.5

3- / 12

t nt 0

2n

NN...................................................................................0.5

1

122

2.

00 1 0 1

2 2

( ) ( ) ( )2

Lnntt

tn

NN t N e N nt N e N nt

4- / 24t jrs.

26 0.089 24 250( ) ( 24 ) 3.2 10 3.8 10tA t A e A t J e Bq....................................................1

- - .......................................................0.5

=

( ) =

(0) = 0 ( ) = 0,63 ( ) = 0,99 .

= 5 = 5 × 11,25 = 56,25 .........................................................................0.5

1-

.............................................................................................................1

2-

3- .

= ( )

= 0.66 .........................................................................................................................1

4- 40%

60%

0,6 ln 0,6 =

= 1,48 .....................................................................................1

+ + 2

- ............................................................................................... 0.5

-

= 1782,7MeV................................................................................................1

= 185,33 .............................................................................................1

...............................................................................................................0.5