2013 02 sugar producer 17-21 history of sugar beet-2

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History of sugar beet

ARTICLE · APRIL 2013

READS

60

2 AUTHORS:

Piergiorgio Stevanato

University of Padova

63 PUBLICATIONS 275 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

Leonard (Lee) William Panella

United States Department of Agriculture

157 PUBLICATIONS 638 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

Available from: Piergiorgio Stevanato

Retrieved on: 20 January 2016

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piergiorgio_Stevanato?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piergiorgio_Stevanato?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_lee_Panella?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_lee_Panella?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_lee_Panella?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_lee_Panella?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_lee_Panella?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piergiorgio_Stevanato?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Padova?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piergiorgio_Stevanato?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piergiorgio_Stevanato?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236845913_History_of_sugar_beet?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_3https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236845913_History_of_sugar_beet?enrichId=rgreq-49ebcd37-f147-4dea-bd0d-5239ade204fe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIzNjg0NTkxMztBUzoxMDQ2NDE5OTE4MDY5ODJAMTQwMTk2MDAwMzk2MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_2


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istory of

TH STORY OF CROPS is oft

en

under-

appreciated. This is not a good thing, espe-

cially for the farmers who gr

ow

them. ln fact,

knm.nng what happened after the domestica-

tion

an

d subsequent evolution of the modern

varieties could help us better understand

the

needs of

th

e species current ly being cultivated

on our

farms.

Sugarbeets

are

one of

the

newer crops.

They were created in Germany at t he end

of

the 1700s and rapidly became the most impor-

tant destination of he species Be ta vulgaris.

The sugarbeet's wild

pa

rent is the sea beet

Beta ma

ri

tima), sti

ll

living on the European

seashor

es

and whose leaves we

re

harvested

and ea ten by preh istoric man. After d

omestica

-

tion (about 8,500 B.C.), species first was

cultivated for the leaves, but unconscious

selection performed by the ancient farmers

led to garden,

or

red, beets (around 100 B.C.)

and the fodder beets. The latter appeared in

Europe around 1500 A.D., and the sugar-

beet was likely selected from it. Progress in

sugar yield, reduction of costs and manpower

requirements, processing quality, etc. has been

impressive in these p

ast 200

years since

the

creation of

the

sugarbeet. What is

sov.rn

to

da

y

is considerably different from

the

first sugar-

beet varieties.

The history of a friendlyand part ly infor-

mal collaboration between American and Ita -

Piergiorgio Stevanato

and

Leonard W. Panella

Beginning with Italian breeder Ottavio

Munerati on century ago scientists

continue work today to improve the species.

ian official research stat ions v .ri

II

be summa-

rized here. Notwithstanding, it is sti

ll

a rather

unknown activity that resulted in findings that

improved wor ldwide perf

orma

nce of sugar-

beers. One could say thar some rrairs ofthe

modern varieties, including important disease

resistances, originated and

were

distributed

thanks to the mentioned cooperation.

ercospora leaf spot

The histor y begins exactlyone century ago,

when the Italian breeder Ottavio Munerat

i,

worki ng fur

the

Royal Sugarbeet

Station

at

Rovigo, Italy

a

small town near

the

Po

River Delta), initiated crosses between

sugarbeets and Beta maritima.

According to other authors, Munerati

hypothesized that several traits of the ,.nld

parent disappea red gradually in the crop va-

riety due to the u nconscious selection applied

after domestication. It is well known that

the

cultivated species arc much more delicate and

require more protection and ca re than their

wild parents. Tn other words, the enhanceme nt

of rhe qualities requested by rhe farmers was

purchased with th e loss of

wil

d and potential

ly

useful rraits.

Munerati speculated that the recovery

of

such

tr

aiLs, including likely resistances against

some severe diseases, could be a feasible and

powerful means for increasing yield.

G

eo

rge Coons (left) and Lee

Li

ng , of the Food

and

Agr iculture

Or

ganization in

Ro

me, visit

on

the bank

of

t

he Po

River near the Adriatic

Sea (Porto Levante, Ita ly, 1951).

www.Su

garProducer.com

17


3/6

• • • HISTORY OF

SUGARBEETS

Around 20 years later, by means of

intensive crosses between sugar beets and

seabeets collected in the Po Delta, Munerati

obtained

sugarbeets endowed with resistance

to cercospora leaf spo t (CLS). But

the

derived

hy

brids

still displayed a

num

b

er

of negative

characteristics from the wild

parent

s. The leaf

canopy

was very vigorous but multicrowned,

and the roots were observed to be fangy and

irregu lar in shape. The b est lines tended to

flower l

ater and

displayed high sugar

content

but poor roOLy ield. For these reasons,

the

hybrids agajn underwent severa l cycles of

selection in order to eliminate the undesired

characteristics.

George H. Coons was a plant

patho

logist

for the

Di

vision of

Sugar

Plant

In

vestigations,

USDA Bureau of Plant Industry, from 1925

to 1955. lie was involved in the diseases of

were released only

in a stricdy official

way and exclusively

to Italian,

German

and Japanese seed

companies. In the new

American environ-

ment, the variety was

repeatedly and

inten

-

sively tested

under

severe CLS attack.

According to Coons,

the Italian accessions

showed resis

tan

ce to

CLS

and

even under

diseased conditions

a llowed substanti al

improvement of s

ugar

production. lt is well

sugarbeet

and

also in d

evelopment

of breed- kno

wn that even

after

ing lines, parental lines and varieties with about 70 years, thls

resis

tance to

cercospora

leaf

spot, virus yellows is

the

most

important

and cur

ly top virus. I Ie

met with

Munerati

in

Italy in 1925 and 1935. After the second visit

at

Rovigo, he wrote, Munerati gave me seed of

his best variety I

esistant

to CLSI RO

58

1.

genetic r

es

istance

available against CLS.

hizomania

Enrico Biancardi displays a very developed eta maritima

Porto levante, Italy, 2011).

direL tly

know the disease, the

ca

use of which

was first discovered

in

Italy in 1

966

, 17 years

after his death.

At the time,

it

must be recalled; lines

and varieties selected by the Rovigo Station

Similar ly successful result s

occur

red in the

field of rhizomania resistance. Munerati

didn

t

However, in

CLS

-resistant materials, and

therefore de rived from his genotypes, the very

first type of resistance to rhizomania , called

8 Sugar Producer

FEBRLARY 20

1:1


4/6

"l)'Pe Alba," was found. The name was given

because the seed company Alba bought t he

main

part ofMunerati's germplasm

in

1949.

The superior performance of multigerm

variety "Alba P"was observed initially in tr ials

grown in 1957, well before the discovery of

the agents causing the disease. More recently,

based upon observation

of

segregating popula-

tions, this kind of resistance was classified as

quantitative by Enrico Biancardi

at

Rovigo.

The more resistant variety, "Rizor," was

released in 1985 by

SES- Laly

after being di

s-

covered and developed by Marco De Bia

gg

i.

In

field trials grown in 1980, e Biaggi included

some

CLS

-resistant genotypes that woukl

have originated from germplasm selected by

Munerati. ln a trial located near Ravenna, an

unexpected and strong rhizomania infection

occurred. The yield

of

five

genotypes was

much better

than

other entries.

From these lines, the healthiest beets

were submitted

to

the

normal selection and

breeding procedures.

In

1984, a collaborative

study was set up with the Bologna University,

where the agents

that

caused rhizomania

were discovered. It was established

that th

e

fungus Polymyxa betae infects the beet rootlets

carrying

and

inoculating

the

virus, BNYVV.

The virus moves rapidly through the root

bundles of susceptible genotypes, whereas the

movement in

the

roots of " Uzor" appeared to

be hindered. Early in the selection program,

the " Uzor type" resistance was recognized as

monogenic and dominant.

In the summer of 1983, Alvin Erichsen, a

breeder working for Holly Hybrids, observed

very low sugar yield in a trial near Tracy, Calif.,

with the exception of

th

ree experi mental

hybrids which produced

five

times more than

1he suscepl ible check

USH

l l An ELISA Lest on

L

he

roots confirmed the presence ofBNYVV.

The hybrids had different pollinators, but the

same female parent, obviously carrying s

ome

unknown

re

sistance. During 1985 and 1986,

the mentioned hybrids were evaluated by

Robert Lewellen at Salinas, Calif., under severe

rhizomania conditions. Compared with resis-

tant

varieties of European and Japanese origin,

the

trials confirmed the high level

of

resistance

derived from

the

Holly seed

bearer

line.

Just as in the first trial, the three hybrids

segregated in a pattern

ty

pical for a single

dominant gene, subsequently called Rz. The

resistance gene reduces

the

BI\iYVV

replication rate in the root. It was observed

that the resistant (RzRz) genotypes had

Robert Lewellen discovered the Holly

resistance gene in

1985-1986.

significantly lower virus tite r than susceptible

(rzrz) genotypes. In other words, "Rizor" and

"Holly'' resistances both seemed to limit the

spread and replication of the virus inside the

root. Recently, due to

th

e similitude

of

the

resistance traits, it was speculated

that

Holly

resistance may have originated from old Italian

material as well.

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With more than

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www. Suga rProd ucer.com

19


5/6

• • • HISTORY

OF SUGARBEETS

Monogerm seed

Viacheslav Savitsky was a leading sugar-

beet breeder and geneticist in the former So-

viet Union. He and his wife, Helen, immigrated

to

the

United States

after

World

War

II.

He

len

was

an

excellent microscopist

an

d cytologist.

Before WWH, Savitsky had frequent and close

contacts with Munerati, who understood Ru s-

sian very

we

ll

and therefore was

updated

on

the research occurring in the USSR on select-

ing lines for monogerm seed. Surely around

1935,

Savitsky was provided with Munerati's

CLS-resistant lines.

Around

the

same time, Savitsky discovered

a quantitarive form of monogermity defined

as Russian, but whose transmission was dif-

ficult to control in commercial seed multiplica-

tion. /\.monogenic type

of

monogermity was

isolated as well. But

the

breeding work was

stopped

by the

war. In

1946,

Munerati wrote,

I hastily asked Savitsky for more details and

for a small quantity of the new type of seed

[carrying th e monogenic trait] so I would be

able to test

it

here. Obviously the request

could not be answered.

Thanks to Coons, in 1947, Savitsky was

employed in the United States by the Beet

Sugar Development Foundation and su bse·

Vi

ac hes lav and Helen Sav itsky

{Sa lt La

ke

City, 1959

quently by the

USDA

. His first task at the Salt

Lake City Station was t o find possible sources

of mono

germ seed for the domestic sugar-

beet growers and industry. At the time,

the

development of monogerm seed was becoming

essential due

t

the costs of manually singling

the beet crop. n this research, Savitsky collabo-

rated with several American

breeder

s, includ-

ing Eubanks Carsner, John McFarlane, Forrest

Owen, George Coons, Ray PendletOn and

others. The group was charged with finding

monogerm beets in different parts of the

U.S.

Savitsky knew that the variety Michigan

Hybrid

18''

was derived from the Polish CLS-

resiswnt varie ty Buszczynsky CLR,'' which

had been obtained from Italian genotypes. He

likely recalled

in

conversations wiLh Munerali

thaL

in such materials

tesLed in Lhe USSR

, a

few monogerm plants were found. Cyclesof

inbreeding had been used in Italy to help in

the identification

of CLS

resistance

and

this

method

possibly allowed the rare recessive

monogerm trait

to

be expressed.

In fact, in a four-acre seed production field

north of Salem, Ore., sown

with

Michigan

Hybrid

18,

Savitsky found five plants bearing

monogerm seeds. In

1953,

the selected off-

spring

of the

beet

SLC

101

was

made

available

to the American and European breeders, and

afte r a few years, the monogerm varieties be-

came a ll

that

was sown in developed countries.

Proof

of

Munerati's hidden and post

mortem involvement in this discovery might

be

given by the fact that Coons brought an

ST.C

101 seed sample to Rovigo

in

JuJy 195], two

years before its officiaJ release.

The

occasion

Maximize yield and sugar

with

Sysstem-Ready

rh

Sysstem-Ready™

Sysstem-Ready v s an advanced formulation of

zinc

and

manganese

phosphite specificallydesigned for

rap

id

absorption and complete plant movemen1 at nutnent

peak demand

.

Zinc ts

the

cornerstone

for

leaf

and

root development while

manganese Is key to

increased photosynthesis,

nitrogen assimilation, stress tolerance, andother essential

bio

-chemical reactions within the plant

Harves

t tonnage

depends

on how

weU

early-season nutritional needs are met. Peak nutrient demand

timing

for

zinc

and

manganese

overlaps early herbicide applications.That s

why

foliar

Sysstem-Ready was

designed to

be

compatible with glyphosate

and other

herbicides.

Sysstem-Ready promotes enhanced

root

growth and

acttvlty

for increased nutrient

uptake from

the so

il,

maximizing the efficiency and value of ground fertility programs

.

I

ncreased beet tonnage and

sugar

are the

result.

20 Sugar Producer FEB RUARY 2013

on

t make sugar

beets

miss out on crucial Zn and

Mn.

Make

your beets

Syss

t

em-Ready

.

Cali

B00-328-2418

or visit

www.agro-k.com .

Science Driven Nutrition

SM

Contact

your local

Slmplot

retailer

AORO-K CORPORATION

8030 Main Street , NE • Minneapol is, MN 55432

800-328-2418 • www.ugro-k.com

Rob For d 308-361-4353

Dave Bloxham 208-539-0996


6/6

was

th

e grand opening

of

the new research

fa-

cilities

at the Rovi

go Station, completely built

\vith

U.S.

funds. This could be mo re evidence

for the collective

but

unpubl

is

hed knowledge

and cooperation

be

tv.re

en scienti sts in

Tta

ly and

the

U.S.

at

this time.

Starting in the 1980

s the

old, fruitful

and tradilional collaboration was continued

between Lewellen

and

Bi

anc

ard i

working

at

the stalions of Salinas and Rovigo respectively

and

increa

se

d time

af

ter

Lime

. The

partn

er-

ship has

be

en

expanded to the s

ta

tions of

USDA-ARS at

on Collins, Colo.; East Lansing,

Mich.; and Fargo, N.D . [with Leonard Panella,

Mitch McGrath and Lar

ry

Campbell respective-

ly

I

wi

th

important results

and

publications, as

always, wi thout s

pe

cific finandal support.

n

example is the book on Beta maritima recently

published by Biancardi, Panella

and

Lewellen

reviewed by

Sugar Produ r

April2012}.

Piergiorgio Stevanato, currently

wo

rking

at

the Padua

University, is the

new

scientist in

this continuing

coll

aboration that has resulted

in new research pape rs being pub

li

shed on

germplasm resources, enhancement , genetics

and molecular characterization. And so, the

sto

ry

goes on. •

Acknowledgemen

ts

Th

is article was

wr

i

tte

n in collaboration with

Rober

t

Lewellen and

Enrico Biancard i who

ex

-

per

ienced more

or less

directly the

seco

nd half of lhe abcve stor

y.

Because

many

of the details

described are unpublished the ir he lp should be remembered with gra titu

de.

Pi

erg

iorgi

o Steva

nato

Leonard Panella on the shore

of

the

Adriatic Sea Aibarella , Italy 2 11 .

www. SugarProducer.

com

21

2013 02 sugar producer 17-21 history of sugar beet-2

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