1. 2013 12 /

2. .2013 12 3. . 1. 1 1.1. 1 1.2. 4 2. 5 2.1. 5 2.2. 6 3. 11. 1. 12 1.1. 12 1.2. 14 2. 20 2.1. 20 2.2. 31 2.3. 35 3. 38 3.1. 38 3.2. 42 3.3. 47- 1 - 4. 4. 49 4.1. 49 4.2. 56 5. 58 5.1. 58 5.2. 63 6. 65 6.1. 65 6.2. 66 7. 67 7.1. 67 7.2. 69 7.3. 71. 1. 74 1.1. 74 1.2. 75 1.3. 77 1.4. 80 2. 81 2.1. 81 2.2. 83 2.3. , 84- 2 - 5. < > 1 12 2 13 3 14 4 16 5 18 6 () 20 7 () 23 8 26 9 28 10 29 11 31 12 , 33 13 , 33 14 , , , 36 15 38 16 39 17 39 18 43 19 , , 44 20 NIOSH ( 60% ) 45 21 2( 60% ) 45 22 3 47- 3 - 6. 23 PSQI 50 24 51 25 PSQI (7.2) 56 26 , , 59 27 60 28 61 29 , , 62 30 1 63 31 65 32 66 33 68 34 , 69 35 , 69 36 73- 4 - 7. < > 1 / 24 2 27 3 35 4 42 5 3 47 6 PSQI 50 7 52 8 53 9 PSQI (7.2) 56 10 58 11 67 12 71- 5 - 8. . 1. 1.1. - , . , . - -- , . , 30 1 600 . - , .- 1 - 9. - , . , , , . , , . - . 7, (9-18), (13-22), ,,(14-23), (16-24), (19-23), (21-6), (7-16) . , . , . - . 1996 2000 , . 2007 2 , . , 4 , 1/3. 2013 , 608 67% . , . - < , 2013> < - 2 - 10. , 2006> . . , . , . . 2006 . - 5 . 2011 6 , 2 . 2011 7 1 3 . , 2012 2 . . - . , . . , , .- 3 - 11. 1.2. , , - 4 - 12. 2. 2.1. . . - 92 - , , , , , , , (, , , , ) , , , , , - - - - - , - 5 - 13. 2.2. 1) . - , , , , , , , , , , . - 12 , 1 , , , () . - ( ), (, , , ), . - , , , , , , . - (NIOSH) 1 1 1 1 . . - Buysse (1989) 1 The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) . , , , , , , 7 . 19 5 - 6 - 14. ( ) . . 7 component , 0-3 . , 0 , 3 . 7 component , 0-21 . 0 , 21 . 0-4 , 5-21 . - (Epworth Sleepiness Scale-Korean version) . 8 (0), (1), (2), (3) . 10 , 10 13 , 14 18 , 19 . 10 . - Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Morin (1993) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 7 . 0~3 . 0-7 , 8-14 , 15-21 , 22-28 . 15 , . - , . , 1 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , , .- 7 - 15. - (the Korean hearing handicap inventory for the elderly - screening, KHHIE-S) , 4, 2, 0 . - 5 5 . - 0~8 10~24 50% . 26 . - . - : (), , () - : , , , , , - : , (B, C), () - : , , , , () - : , - : , , , - 12 , . , - , (Borg scale), , , , , , - 8 - 16. . 6( ) 20( ) . 67 8 910 111213 1415 161718 1920 - . - .2) - . ( , , , ), . , . - , , , , , - , , - , ,- 9 - 17. - , , , - , , , , - - 92 7 . . - 10 7 5 . - . 1 . - .- 10 - 18. 3. . 2013. 7.31.- . - : (), (), (), 3.2013. 8. 4.- - . - : , 22013. 8. 6.- 150 - 200 50 2013. 8.17.- 25 - 2013. 8.19.- 1 , - 8 2013. 8.21.- 3 .2013. 8.27.- - 3 - ( ) 2013. 9. 5.-2013. 9.27.- - 1 . - , . - - : 4, 32013.10. 7.- 7 (5)2013.10.26.-2013.11.15.- 2 / - 1 / ( ) 9 . : 3 2 / / . : 3- 11 - 19. . 1. 1.1. 92. 53.3%, 46.7% . 50 50.0% , 40(40.2%), 30 (9.8%) . 2.2 . * 30 40 50 (, ) 1 2 3 4 ( ) () 1~2 () 3 () 4 () 1 () 2~4 () 2~3 () 4 () 48 42 8 33 41 28 49 4 8 12 20 24 10 41 14 26 31 25 15 15 22 19 24 12 10(%) 53.3 46.7 9.8 40.2 50.0 34.6 60.5 4.9 10.8 16.2 27.0 32.4 13.5 50.6 17.3 32.1 36.0 29.1 17.4 17.4 25.3 21.8 27.6 13.8 11.5* : 1 10 1 - 12 - 21048.5111811652.2 20. (%) 15.630 () 1 (%) 2.7() 7402248.91129.750 1635.62567.646.4 51.1 821.62250.02773.024.525.449.3412.911125.613.221023.31032.331330.21135.54 45.5 (, )20511.6516.12.0 ( )2.3 3294.1 1327.112.92552.112.9 1940.41230.8() 1~21531.91025.7() 3612.8923.1() 4 714.9820.5 *18.8 1)91021.71230.0() 1 510.91435.0() 2~41328.31025.0() 2~3919.637.5() 4 919.612.5* : 1 10 2 [ 2]. 40~50, 40 48.9% 46.4 , 50 67.6% 51.1 . 2.0, 2.3 .1) 48.3%, 6.5% - 2011 - 13 - 21. 1.2. ()(%)1112.974 3034.51719.5 ()1820.7 ()910.31314.9 ( 9~18)22.4 (13~24)3338.8 (19~23)910.6 (21~ 6)2529.4 ( 7~16)1618.81~32126.94~51417.96~102430.811~161924.487.1 () (2 ) () 757147.3 3 87.1%, (2) 12.9% . (), (), (), (), 5 , (34.5%) (20.7%) . (9-18), (13-24), (19-23), (21-6), (7-16 ) 5 , (38.8%) (29.4%) . 6-10 30.8% , 7.3 .- 14 - 22. 1 ( ?) . . 1~2 . . 20~30 . 2 , . ( ?) . . . () . . , . . , .- 15 - 23. () (%) () (%)19.625.13780.43794.92144.7922.5 ()817.0922.5 ()510.61332.5 ()00.0922.51327.700.0 ( 9~18)00.025.3 (13~24)1429.81950.0 (19~23)36.4615.8 (21~ 6)2348.925.3 ( 7~16)714.9923.7 (///)2451.13694.7 ()2348.925.31~31840.039.14~51226.726.16~101124.41339.411~169 ()(2 )48.91545.55.3 10.0 4 (44.7%) , (27.7%) . 10~20% . (32.5%) , . 1~2 . . (94.7%), (50.0%) . (10.0) (5.3) 2 .- 16 - 24. 1 . . . . . 2 10 14,5 . 10 . () , . 3 . , , . . 4 1 . () . 1 40 . 46.4, 51.1 , .- 17 - 25. 6.718.85.922.223.193.381.394.177.876.9 ( 9~18)--11.1-- (13~24)37.952.933.350.023.1 (19~23) (21~ 6) (%) ( 7~16)13.811.8-37.5-48.3--12.576.9-35.355.6-- (///)51.7100.0100.087.523.1 ()48.3--12.576.91~322.235.720.028.625.029.67.1-14.333.329.642.920.042.925.018.514.360.014.316.76.9 6.7 9.8 7.5 6.5 (2 ) (%) 4~5 6~10 (%) 11~16 5 . 2012 11 , . , . . / .- 18 - 26. 1 ( ?) . . () 11 1 . 2 ( ?) . . .. . . . . . 4 . . . . . , . , .- 19 - 27. 2. 92 83 .2.1. 1) () ()(%)1000 ~ 124934.81 1250 ~ 1499 1500 ~ 1749 ( , , 1750 ~ 1999 )1941.3914.369.5~ 9934.3100 ~ 1092739.1110 ~ 1191115.9120 ~ 12968.7130 ~ 1391318.8913.0~ 9.92543.110 ~ 19.91424.120 ~ 29.91119.0813.82000 ~ 140 ~ 30 ~1330.2261,574.5 131.27115.4 2913.2 6 ()( : ) 1 1,574.5, 115.4, 13.2 . 7.3 , .- 20 - 28. 1 . ( ) , . 110 , , 32 2 10 . () . 100 . () / 100 ? . . 2 4. . , 700 ... . 3 5,140. 4,860 280 . , . 8 4 , ? . 100%(1 1), 10(, ), 30 . . , . , . , ! () , - 21 - 29. . . ( 2013.10.21.) . . 21 ' () ' 295 . . . . . . . . . , . 2015 5% . 2 . . . . 810 251 6 5711 2015 .- 22 - 30. 1 1,621122.3 14.41,502104.811.5301,678121.012.8401,597117.714.750 1,556113.212.0 ()1,628120.810.2 ()1,446104.611.5 ()1,507102.118.8 ()1,573110.28.61,703134.014.7 ( 9~18)1375110.012.5 (13~24)1476103.514.1 (19~23)--- (21~ 6)1772136.413.0 ( 7~16) (///) () 1~31441 1460 1772 1567102.5 103.5 136.4 119.011.8 13.3 13.0 16.74~51641121.89.26~101583115.514.111~161488109.312.9 7 () ( : ) 122.3, 104.8 . . ( ) . , . 5~10% ( 0.5%). , , . 30 , 4~5 . . . , . , , - 23 - 31. . 1 / ( : )[ 1] / . / 10.2% . / , . , . < + 0.5> . 150 .- 24 - 32. 1 2 11. , . , 1140 . 11. () . . () 9 . 2 . . , , . 3 . . . () 3 . . 4 . . 2.5 1.5 , . 5,140 7,110 . . . 5 1 100 . , . 120~130 . 6 2 8 8 . 1 12 . 10 12. () 3~4 . 1~2 . 100 .- 25 - 33. 2) () (A) (B) (A)-(B)131.2140.5-9.3 ()1,574.51,686.0-111.5 * ()2538.82127.4+411.4 **()6,201.77,925.2-1,723.5 : 2013.3 : 1 / 12 * : ( 29 X 43.7)+( 17 X 51.3)+( 6 X 52.4) ** : / . . 8 ( ) [ 8]. 2013 3 . , . () 111 . 411 . 1,723 . , .- 26 - 34. 1.191.00 0.931.001.001.00 0.780.00 2 [ 2] [ 8] . , . () 0.93 . 1.19 . 78% . . , . .- 27 - 35. 3) ()(%)2100 ~ 199813.1200 ~ 299813.158.2400 ~46.61 ~ 991118.3100 ~ 1992440.0200 ~ 2991728.3813.4300 ~ 50%1022.250% < 75%975% < 100%13 716177.7 15.66106.1 28.9100% < 150%1520.0150% < ( ) *3.3300 ~ 399 ()55.71 ~ 99 343113.3* : / {( + )+} X 100 9 ( : ) 106.1 . , () 177.7, 100~199 40.0% . 131.2 . , . , 55.7% . , . , 237.3( : 131.2 + : 106.1), 2.2 . 2013 3 4,249,780. ( ) 55.8% . 2). 2) . - 28 - 36. ( ) 100% 28.9%(15.6%+13.3%) . 30% . , . () (%) () (%)2354.8111 ~ 9924.8-100 ~ 199 200 ~ 299 300 ~ 399614.3210.5614.3210.512.4421.149.5--400 ~ 105.8 57.9106.8 10 ( : ) 54.8%, 57.9% , 105.8%, 106.8 . , , . . . 2013 3 1,260,315, 4 1,546,399. , .- 29 - 37. 1 ( ?) . . . . 20~30 , , . . ( ?) , ... 2 , . () . . 3 ( ?) . ,,, . 100 . . . 4 ( ?) , . . , 100 ." 180" (SBSCNBC2013.10.14.)http://sbscnbc.sbs.co.kr/read.jsp?pmArticleId=10000599968 " 180" . 7 22 < > . 6 , . . (58) " " .- 30 - 38. 2.2. 1) 1 * ** ( )8.1 45.5 110 ( )9.3 52.7 109 (, , )9.9 53.9 111 * : ** : (1 X 5)+( ) : 1 9.9 10 5552.79.353.9 120110 5098.111145.581004579040109110 11 3 . ( ), ( 14~22 ), (, , ) . 1 , , 8.1 , 9.3 , 9.9 . (1 X 5)+( ) . , , 45.5 , 52.7 , 53.9 . . , , .- 31 - 39. 1 9 . 8 1 20 30 20 . . . . 5, 6 . 10 . 10 . ... . 2 . 30 1 50 30 . . 6 7 50 50 . 10 5,6 10 . . 7 . 3 . . . . . .- 32 - 40. 2) , ()(%)2432.931.9 1 1~2 3~4 , 5~6 3041.11621.922.711.47 12 , , 1.9 2.1 1.6 ()2.5 ()2.5 ()1.0 ()1.6 13 , , 1.9 . () . 26% 3 . .- 33 - 41. 1 5 . . ( ?) ... . A,B . . 2~3 . 2 5 . 8 5 . . ... , 7 12 . ( 6 ?) . 3 (?) . . . . . . .- 34 - 42. 2.3. 1) [ 3] ( ) , , . () ( ) 63.1%, 48.9%, 29.4%. 3 - 35 - 43. 2) , , , , , , [ 14]. , (29.4%) (69.6%)59.640.451.148.921.378.767.632.446.253.839.560.575.025.062.537.525.075.04053.346.740.659.415.684.466.733.048.751.336.863.269.031.051.748.331.069.058.841.218.881.325.075.062.537.556.343.818.881.371.428.644.455.650.050.041.758.361.538.523.176.9100.00.0100.00.050.050.053.346.734.465.619.480.677.822.244.455.644.455.656.044.064.036.028.072.071.428.635.764.328.671.463.636.438.661.426.873.2 (51.1%) (48.9%)50 (36.9%)30 (63.1%)56.044.064.036.028.072.0 14 , , , . , 40 78.7% 84.4% . , . / , . , . .- 36 - 44. 1 . . 2 , , , ... . . . . 3 , . . ... 12-2 , 3 . . . . . 4 , . . ..() , . 5 . . . 6 ( ?) . ? ... . ( ?) . . .- 37 - 45. 3. , , , , , . (NIOSH) 1 1 1 1 . NIOSH .3.1. 1) ( 1 ) / ()%NIOSH 1 1 1 69/8581.2 2 1 1 , 1 , 65/8576.5 3 1 1 , 1 , 39/8545.9 15 6 . NIOSH 6 81.2%, 2 65 76.5%, 3 45.9% . . 3 .- 38 - 46. 2) NIOSH 2 3(%)(%)(%)4657.53746.31721.35363.94655.41922.9/4353.13543.21214.8//5163.04454.32125.94557.04050.61519.0/4354.44151.92329.1 16 . , //, / . ( 3) , //, / 22.9%, 25.9%, 29.1% 20% . - ( : 2.5, / 10) - / , , - - , , , , - 1kg 17 - 39 - 47. 1 ( ?) 100% ...()... ...( )... ...()... . ( ?) (), ...( )... 5kg, 10kg . . 1, . . . 2 (, , ?) , . , . - . , . 3 . . 4 ( ?) ( ) . . . . - 40 - 48. . 8 . (, ?) ...()... ...()... ...()... 20kg ...()... . 5 (, , , ?) . . . (, ?) . . . .- 41 - 49. 3.2. 1) (NIOSH ) 4 (NIOSH ) . . 2009;11:20-7. (NIOSH ) [ 4]. , , , , , , , , , , . . . , , . , , 1kg . . . , // , / .- 42 - 50. * , /, , , //, /6 , , /, 4 , , , //4, , , //4, , /, 4, , , /4, , 3, , 3, 2110* : 40% , 18 [ 18] 40% . , 1~4 . , 6 . , .- 43 - 51. 2) ()NIOSH (81.2%)2 (76.5%)(%)(%)3271.13066.7403792.53587.58787.5787.540312374.22271.0393487.23179.5292379.32069.0161487.51487.5181688.91583.38787.5787.54550 3012866.7866.7 19 , , [ 19]. 2.5 3). 4) . , . 56 , , , , 5). , 6) . . , . , 3) . . 2009. 4) . . , 2002. 5) Treaster DE, Burr D. Gender differences in prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomics 2004;47(5):495-526. 6) Kim YH, Kim YT, Sun BY, Koh SB. Occupational stress and management programs of korean female service professionals. Korean Women's Development Institutes. Seoul. 2006. pp11-2.- 44 - 52. . , . . . , . , 30 50 1 74.2~87.5% , . 2 , 30 . 3 . , , .NIOSH (%)(%)(%)(%)(%)53.860.070.675.033.363.075.066.762.550.0/44.456.368.862.541.7//66.750.081.362.550.053.856.366.762.550.0/46.260.081.337.541.7 20 NIOSH ( 60% ) [ 20] NIOSH . , , NIOSH 60% . 6 60% . / 60% .- 45 - 53. 2 (%)(%)(%)(%)(%)42.353.341.275.033.344.475.061.162.541.7/25.950.062.550.041.7//48.143.881.350.050.050.056.360.050.033.3/38.560.081.337.541.7 21 2( 60% ) [ 21] 2 . 2 60% . 60% , 2 60% .- 46 - 54. 3.3. 3 3530.830 25 20 15 106.551.00~ (6-12)(13-15) (16-20) 5 3 3* OR95% CIp value~ (6-12)1.00(13-15)6.460.84- 51.880.079 (16-20)30.831.72- 55.190.020 * : , , , BMI, , (), , , , PSQI Odds Ratio, Confidence Interval. 22 3 [ 5] [ 22] 3( ) . . , . (, , , BMI, , (), , , , PSQI) . , . ~- 47 - 55. (6-12) (13-15) 6.4( ), (16-20) 30.8 . . , .- 48 - 56. 4. 4.1. 10~20% , . , . (shift work sleep disorder, SWSD) . , . , , , , . . .1) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) Buysse (1989) 1 . , , , , , , 7 . 19 5 ( ) . . 7 component , 0-3 . , 0 , 3 . 7 component , 0-21 . 0 , 21 . 0-4 , 5-21 .- 49 - 57. PSQI PSQI()(%)157.20-41620.85-216179.2 23 PSQI (PSQI) 7.2 , 79.2% 5 . 6 PSQI [ 6] PSQI . (PSQI) 8 16% .- 50 - 58. (, , , ) () 23.0 29.3 5.8 5.1 ( + )40.3 %46.2 % 24 [ 24] . 23.0, 29.3 . 5.8, 5.1 0.7(40) . + 46.2% .- 51 - 59. 2) Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Morin (1993) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 7 . 0~3 . 0-7 , 8-14 , 15-21 , 22-28 . 15 , . 7 [ 7] . 14.8% ( 15 ) . ( 22 ) 3.4% . 8.0% . 15 , .- 52 - 60. (Epworth Sleepiness Scale-Korean version) . 8 (0), (1), (2), (3) . 10 , 10 13 , 14 18 , 19 . 10 . 8 [ 8] . 28.9% ( 10 ) , 9.2% ( 14 ) . 10 , 10 .- 53 - 61. 1 10 . ... 10 70 ...()... . ( 4 ?) ( ) 4,5 . . 4 . .. ( ?) 11 , 11:40 2 12:30. ...()... 1:30, 2:00....()... 2:00 6:00 . . ... 2 ( ?) ( ) .. . , . . ( ?) 10 . ( ) , . 10 . 3 . . . 10 12 ...()... . . . - 54 - 62. ... 3 ( ?) . . , 1~2 . . . ( ?) . , . . ...- 55 - 63. 4.2. PSQI 7.2 1210.810 85.16 4 21.00~ (6-12)(13-15) (16-20) 9 PSQI (7.2) PSQI (7.2)* OR95% CIp value~ (6-12)1.00(13-15)5.110.98- 26.640.053 (16-20)10.801.17- 99.230.035 * : , , , , BMI, , (), , , , NIOSH Odds Ratio, Confidence Interval. 25 PSQI (7.2) [ 9] [ 25] PSQI ( 7.2) . . , . PSQI (, , , , BMI, , (), , , , NIOSH ) . PSQI , ~(6-12) (13-15) PSQI 7.3 5.1, (16-20) 10.8 - 56 - 64. . PSQI 5 , . . , . , . .- 57 - 65. 5. 5.1. 10 [ 10] . (14.1%). 1 ( ?) . . . . 2 . . . 11~12 . ... . . - 58 - 66. 4 . 2 . . 3 . . 30 . , . , . 4 . . . . . . .510.4819.0225.040412.1614.6310.0211.8527.8222.250 (%)30()17.7 26 , , , , [ 26] , , 30, .- 59 - 67. 1) [ 27] . 3025.017.14012.113.550 14.610.230--() 406.1-12.25.730-1.1403.01.250 4.92.930-2.440-3.514.64.4 50 50 3012.28.3-2.1403.02.42.43.93012.59.14015.221.150 12.233.830 4.350 2.33.030 -40 50 -5.140-7.012.210.650 : 5 2011 27 ( : %) . 40~50 . , .- 60 - 68. 2) (the Korean hearing handicap inventory for the elderly - screening, KHHIE-S) , 4, 2, 0 . 5 5 . 0~8 10~24 50% . 26 . (0-8)(%) 89.5(10-24)89.3(26-)K-HHIEs771 61.2 28 10.5% . . .- 61 - 69. (%)4295.524.23382.5717.58100.0--403096.813.23183.8616.22896.613.41381.3318.71477.8422.2787.5112.550 (%)30 (K-HHIEs 10) (K-HHIEs 8)11100.0-- 29 , , , 50 . . 1 ( ?) . . . . 2 . . . 3 . , 8 .- 62 - 70. 5.2. 1 39.5% . 50.0% , 17.8% . 2.4, 2 40% . , 62.1% .(%)5260.534 411.11850.038.31017.812.80 414.81 1037.02 622.23-4 311.15 47.4517.21862.1 310.3310.3/ 39.5 () 30 1 - 63 -656652.4 71. 1 ( ?) 3 . . 2 . . . ... 3 . 8 . . . . 1 ( ?) . . . 1 . . . 4 . . 2 2 , . . . .- 64 - 72. 6. 6.1. (%) 4.5 3539.8 4551.1 444.5 1 2 7282.81517.2 1 7790.689.4 1 , , 8395.4444.6575 31 + 44.3% . 1 2 17.2% . 1 9.4%, 1 , , 4.6% .- 65 - 73. 6.2. (%) (%) + 50.039.025.430.4 1 2 17.417.510.216.5 1 13.35.110.117.5 1 , , 6.52.51.92.8 4.3010.310.4 : 5 2011 : 1 , , 32 [ 32] . 25.4% 50.0% . 10.2% 17.4% , 10.1% 13.3% . , 1 , , 4.3%, 10.3% . , . . 1 ( ?) - 66 - 74. 7. 7.1. . 12.6 , 13 38.8% . 12.9 . 11 - 67 - 75. 12.913.03014.04012.750 13.0 ()13.1 ()12.6 ()13.4 ()11.113.4 ( 9~18)15.0 (13~24) (19~23) (%) (21~ 6)13.413.0 ( 7~16)12.7 (%) (%)12.0 33 30 . .- 68 - 76. 7.2. 77.1% . 100 124.0% . 41-60 61-80 () 81-99 100 () 100 () 101-120 () 121-140 141- 10 39 13 4 10 37 12(%) 10.9 42.4 14.1 4.3 14.7 54.4 17.69 2613.224 77.1%124.0% 34 , 1 ( ?) 2 . 11 1 3 . . 2 3 . . . . 3 9 3. 3 2 . 3 - 69 - 77. 77.8124.176.3123.33080.0128.74075.9121.150 77.2125.7 ()75.7131.0 ()80.0120.9 ()77.0115.3 ()86.6115.076.0124.5 ( 9~18)70.0120.0 (13~24) (19~23) (%) (21~ 6)74.7131.378.3110.078.1124.0 ( 7~16)80.7115.0 (%) (%) 35 , [ 35] . 40 75.7% . 30 128,7% . , .- 70 - 78. 7.3. 12 ( : 1, 2) 48.0% . . (19.7%), (13.2%), (9.2%), (7.9%) .- 71 - 79. 1 ( ?) 1. 2 100 . 2013 100 . ... () . . . . . 3 . . . 4 . . ... . . ... 5 . . . ( ?) () . , . . . , 2~3 .- 72 - 80. (48.0%) (19.7%)(13.2%) (9.2%)(7.9%)(2.0%)46.021.811.58.010.32.350.817.514.311.14.81.63037.537.518.8-6.3-4049.215.914.37.911.11.650 49.217.511.112.76.33.245.322.611.35.713.21.951.720.710.317.2--51.616.119.49.7-3.250.025.012.512.5--45.812.512.54.220.84.2 (%) (%) 36 , , [ 36]. , . 30 , 40 , 50 . , , .- 73 - 81. . 1. 1.1. 1) 53.3%, 46.7% . 50 50.0% , 40(40.2%), 30(9.8%) . 46.4, 51.1 .2) , 87.1%, (2) 12.9% . 5 , (34.5%), (20.7%), (19.5), (14.9%), (10.3%) . (9-18), (13-24), (19-23), (21-6), (7 -16) 5 , (38.8%) (29.4%) . 6-10 30.8% , 7.3 .- 74 - 82. 1.2. 1) 1 1,574.5, 115.4, 13.2 . 7.3 , . / 10.2% . / , . () 0.93 . 1.19 . 78% .2) 106.1 . , () 177.7, 131.2 . 40~50 . ( ) 55.8% . . , , . . , .- 75 - 83. 3) 1 , , 8.1 , 9.3 , 9.9 . (1 X 5)+( ) . , , 45.5 , 52.7 , 53.9 .4) () ( ) 63.1%, 48.9%, 29.4%. . , 40 78.7% 84.4% . , .- 76 - 84. 1.3. 1) NIOSH 6 81.2%, 2 65 76.5%, 3 45.9% . 3 . . , //, / . (NIOSH ) . , , , . , . ~(6-12) (13-15) 6.4( ), (16-20) 30.8 .2) (PSQI) 7.2 , 79.2% 5 . 23.0, 29.3 . 5.8, 5.1 0.7(40 ) . + 46.2% .- 77 - 85. , . PSQI , ~(6-12) (13-15) PSQI 7.3 5.1, (16-20) 10.8 .3) 10.5% . , 50 . .4) + 44.3% . 1 2 17.2% . 1 9.4%, 1 , , 4.6% . , .5) (14.1%). . , 30, . 40~50 - 78 - 86. . , .6) 1 39.5% . 50.0% , 17.8% . 2.4, 2 40% . , 62.1% .- 79 - 87. 1.4. 1) ( ) 12.6 , 13 38.8% . 12.9 . 77.1% . 100 124.0% .2) 48.0% . (19.7%), (13.2%), (9.2%), (7.9%) .- 80 - 88. 2. 2.1. 1) 78%, 55.8% , . , , . 78% . , . . ( ) 55.8% . . 2 .2) 2 2007 (WHO) (IARC) 2 . 24 . . (, , , ), (, , , , , , ), , (, , ), . 13 .- 81 - 89. . 1 . . , . , . .3) () ' 2013 10 , ' () ' 295 . . ' () ' .- 82 - 90. 2.2. 1) ( ) . , .2) 77.1% , 124.0% . , 3 1 , . , . , . , .- 83 - 91. 2.3. , 1) 39.5% . 50.0% , 17.8% . , , . . 2~3 . , , . , 62.1% . , .2) , . . .3) , . , //, / . , 1kg . . .- 84 - 92. . , , , . , . , .- 85 -