Petrusplaat Reservoir

Welcome

to the Biesbosch Water

Production Plant

André Bannink, policy advisor

Presentation outline

1. Drinking water in the

Netherlands– Facts and figures

– How is it organised?

2. RIWA Association of River

Water Works– Who are we and what do we do?

3. Drinking water production at

this location– Visit to Reservoir

Introduction to

Dutch water supply

Amsterdam

The Hague

Rotterdam

Rhine

MeuseScheldt

Eems

The Netherlands

area: 41.000 km2 / population: 16.7 million = most densely

populated western country

Development and investment

stages of Dutch Water Supply

1853: first urban water supply (Amsterdam)

1918: start rural supply towards 100%

connections per household

1945: tremendous economic growth

1960: deterioration of river quality

1975: start up scaling and consolidation of

water suppliers

Development of water supply

Number of Dutch water companies

0

50

100

150

200

250

1853

1859

1865

1871

1877

1883

1889

1895

1901

1907

1913

1919

1925

1931

1937

1943

1949

1955

1961

1967

1973

1979

1985

1991

1997

2003

2009

Drinking Water Supply in the

Netherlands - Facts and figures

*thousand connections

01-01-2012

Brabant Water

1102

Evides

1020

Vitens

2530

Dunea

610 336

Oasen

Waternet

490

WML

538

PWN

770

WMD

200

WBG

279

10 Not-for-profit public

companies

• shares owned by

government (provinces and

municipalities)

• 5 000 employees (full time

units)

• 7 874 thousand

connections

• 119 thousand kilometres

pipeline (mains)

Drinking Water Supply in the

Netherlands - Facts and figures • Consumption

120 litres per

person per day

• Sales 1,130 billion

m3 per year

• Price € 1.50 per

m3

• Turn over

€ 1,460 million

35%

65%

Sources for drinking water in Europe

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

B D

DK EL I E F

IRL

LU

X

NL O P

FIN

S

UK

LV

EE

LT PL

CY

MT

SK

CZ

HU SI

BU

RO

NO IS CH

groundwater surface water other water

Fro

m: A

dri

ana H

uls

man

, H

2O

#6 2

006

Delta of four

River Basins

1. Rhine

2. Meuse

3. Scheldt

4. Eems

• Lots of chemical

and heavy

industry (eg. Ruhr

area)

• Large areas of

agriculture

• Many major cities

The Netherlands -

Pressures

~ Most Densely Populated

Western Country

– 16.7 Million People on 41.000

km2

~ 3rd Exporter of Agricultural

Produce in the World

– Very intense production

– High Use of Minerals en

Pesticides

Ground Water

Ground

water

• Over 250

pumping

stations

• Over 120 000

hectares

groundwater

protection

area

Surface

water8 Intake points

• 3 Rhine River

Basin

• 4 Meuse River

Basin

• 1 Drentse Aa

(Regional River)

Several Bank

Filtration Sites

Water in The Netherlands – Who is

responsible for what?National level

• Government – national water policy (Ministry of Infrastructure and

the Environment)

• Rijkswaterstaat – river navigation, coastal flood protection

Regional level

• 12 Provincial Governments – ground water policy

• 26 Water Boards – regional flood protection, surface water quality,

wastewater treatment

• 10 Water Companies – water supply

Local level

• 421 Municipalities – sewer system, municipal water systems

Regulatory environment

Drinking Water Act (2011)

• ownership restricted to local/regional authorities

• national supervision with main focus on water quality /

continuity (public health), new ”costs”

• companies governed by local/regional shareholders

(investments, tariffs, efficiency)

Regulatory environment (2)

• safeguarding water quality/continuity

− water safety plans (water quality)

− contingency management (risk analysis,

capacity planning, security measures,

reliability plan, crisis management plan,

emergency water supply, exercises)

Regulatory environment (3)

• full cost recovery

• reasonable tariffs

• limitation to profit (wacc)

• mandatory benchmarking

Public limited liability company

Governmental

Supervision (VROM-

Inspectorate)

Public Shareholders

(municipalities,

provinces)

Supervisory Board

Accountant Managing Director Workers Council

Supporting Staff

Department Department Department

regulator

National benchmarking scheme

• voluntary programme since 1997

− initiated by national discussions on privatisation and

liberalisation of public services

• objectives

− improving efficiency by learning

− transparency

National benchmarking scheme (2)

• 4 key performance areas

− water quality

− service

− sustainability

− costs

Vewin’s benchmarking activities

National

• late 1980’s: first benchmarking efforts (regional)

• since 1997: voluntary, national benchmarking

programme

• 2011: mandatory national benchmarking

International

• since 2006: voluntary, international benchmarking

(European Benchmarking Co-operation)

European benchmarking

• initiative of national water associations and utilities of

Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden (2005)

for cross-border comparisons

• mission: to facilitate water utilities in the continuous

process of improving performance and transparency

a simple, web based, international benchmarking

programme for water services and

a platform to learn from best practices in

management and operations

RIWA-MeuseAssociation of Drinking Water Companies that

use the River Meuse as source for drinking water production

What RIWA-Meuse stands for

Clean Resources for Drinking Water

• Pollutants can be reduced through technical treatment methods

• However all treatment methods have limits: – They can not eliminate 100% of a substance

– They do not selectively remove just one undesirable substance

– Their effectiveness does not remain constant over time

– The treatment method itself can produce new chemical compounds

Meuse River

Basin• Surface: 36 000 km2

• Length: 925 km

• Average flow: 230 m³/s

• Abstraction for drinking water production 2011: 482 Mm³ (= 15,3 m³/s or 6.6% of averageflow)– 1976: 120 m3/s (15.3 m3/s = 12.7%)

– 2003: 125 m3/s (15.3 m3/s = 12.2%)

• Drinking water resource for 6 million consumers– Netherlands

– Belgium

– France

Monitoring water quality

• Rijkswaterstaat monitors the

River Meuse 24/7 at the

Belgian/Dutch border

• In case of an emergency they

notify the Drinking Water

Companies

– Drinking Water Companies decide

whether they should stop the intake

Intensive monitoring

• Specific parameters

– Additional to regulatory requirements

• Base of our activities

– Putting drinking water quality issues on

the agenda

• Working closely together with

Rijkswaterstaat

• Publish report on water quality

annually

Pressures on Water Quality

• Organic micro-pollutants

– Majority: Pesticides, Industrial

– New: MTBE, EDCs, pharmaceuticals

• Heavy Metals & Nutrients

(NO3 SO4, Ca/Mg, HM)

• Natural Origin (Fe, Mn, Color)

• Micro-organisms (Pathogens)

Drinking water relevant

substances Meuse

Goal:

• To focus our attention to the most

relevant substances from drinking water

perspective

– Motivated by Water Frame Work Directive

• To focus our monitoring on existing

contaminants, as well as upcoming and

new contaminants

Rele

va

nt s

ub

sta

nces

for

drin

kin

g w

ate

r pro

du

ctio

n

from

the R

ive

r Me

use

Some monitoring results 2011

Putting water quality

issues on the agenda

• Participation in the International Meuse

Commission

– Recognized Non Governmental Organization

• Publicity

– International Meuse Prize

– Annual report on water quality

– Website (www.riwa-maas.org)

– Media (newspaper, radio)

Helping to solve

water quality issuesProject funded by WFD-Innovation

Program

• April 2010 - September 2012

• Budget € 1.7 million

• 100 Farmers and contractors worked on

reducing emissions of plant protection

products

– 47 bought new equipment/purifiers

– 14% less PPP-use, 84% less emission

International Meuse

Prize Winner 2012

EU Water Framework

Directive (WFD)

Recital 1

• Water is not a commercial product like any other

but, rather, a heritage which must be

protected, defended and treated as such

General Objective

• To achieve a good ecological status and a good

chemical status of surface waters and ground

water

• In 2015, with exemptions until 2021-2027

Drinking Water

Resources in WFD

Article 7.1• Identify water bodies used for abstraction of

drinking water

Article 7.2• Drinking water must be produced under the

water treatment regime applied (no furtherdeterioration)

Article 7.3• Protection of water bodies

– avoid deterioration

– reduce level of purification

What is done to achieve

WFD article 7 goals?International Meuse Commission

• Working Groups will look into measurements

Netherlands

• Delineation of protection zones

• Composition of Area Files

First steps towards Programs of Measures for Second Phase of River Basin Management Plan (2015-2021)

The Biesbosch reservoirs:the first treatment step in drinkingwater production from river water

Rotterdam

Evides water company

• 2 million consumers

• 1 million connections

• 14,000 km mains

• 160 Mm3/year drinking water

• 110 Mm3/year industrial water

• waste water treatment plants (Amsterdam Airport, The Hague)

• 560 personnel; turnover 210 M€/y; investments 80 M€/y

• shareholders: municipal (by law)

Zeeland & Zuid-

Holland provinces

Infiltration of surface

water (Haringvliet)

Surface water (Meuse)

Ground water

Evides’ raw water sources

The Biesbosch reservoirs

intake

River Meuse

River Rhine

Biesbosch reservoirs

• Investments (1968-2010) M€ 200

• Production capacity (2010) 260 Mm3/y

• Water production (2010) 190 Mm3

• Water tariff (2010): 0.05 €/m3

• Intake pumping station 16 m3/s

• Transport pumping station 9 m3/s

• Transport pipeline to Berenplaat 28 km; Ø 1.8 m

• Transport pipeline to Braakman 103 km; Ø 1.1 – 0.7 m

Infrastructuur voor industriewatervoorziening

en ruwwatertransport voor drinkwaterproductie

Opjaagstation of winlocatie

Productielocatie

Dunea

Oasen

Vitens

Brabant Water

PidpaAWW

VMW

TMvW

VMW

Braakman

DeCoMBR DDA

DeCu

Yara

Koegors

St. Jansteen

Vogelwaarde

Zandvliet

Kraaijenberg

Wouw

Bath

KruiningenDe Wranghe

Baanhoek

Pergem

DWP Botlek

PWP Huntsman

Petrusplaat

Maasdam

KPE

Veerweg

Geervliet

Zevenbergen (Brabant Water)

Kralingen

Berenplaat

Biesbosch reservoirs lay-out

Meuse River

Monitoring

Keizersveer

Intake

Reservoir DeGijster

Honderden Dertig

Petrus-plaat

Surface (ha) 305 210 100

Volume (Mm3) 40 33 13

Depth (m) (avg-max) 13-27 15-27 13-15

Retention time (wks) 11 9 4

Functions of the Biesbosch reservoirs

• Storage for low flow periods

• Storage for inferior water quality periods

• Quality improvement during storage

• ± Constant water quality for WTP’s

Main problems of river water quality

• ammonium (until the 80-s): sewerage, agriculture

• heavy metals: industry

• turbidity: catchment area, sewerage

• microbiological pathogens (Cryptosporidium, Giardia): sewerage, animal husbandry

• pesticides, herbicides: agriculture, municipal weed kill, industrial spills

• radio activity: nuclear power plants

• unknown micropollutants

• “emerging” substances (medicines, estrogenics, nanochemicals)

Monitoring

station Keizersveer

Intake

On line

Temperature

Oxygen

EC

Turbidity

pH

On line

Temperature

Oxygen

EC

Turbidity

pH

Biomonitors

Laboratory

analyses

Duration of intake stops

0

30

60

90

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

Du

rati

on

(d

ays)

Radioactivity

Organics

Inorganics

Oil

Turbidity

Low flow

De Gijster after an intake stop (45 d)

Diuron

(herbicide)

1993

3 reservoir system enhances removal (reactor kinetics)

1 10 100 1000 10000

1 bekken

Petrusplaat

Honderd en

Dertig

De Gijster

Maas

Enteroviruses (pfu/m3)

Water quality improvements as a result of intake policy and storage

Removal percentage

0 25 50 75 100

C. perfringens

E. coli

Enterococci

Cryptosporidium

Iron

Manganese

Turbidity

Lead

Ammonium

straat 2

MDP1 Chemicaliën

UV1

VWK

AKF1

UV2MDP2

AKF2

straat 1

Purification scheme

22 June 2010

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Lets walk to the Reservoir