2012100607103520111014181028 kulliah1 kpt6043
TRANSCRIPT
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Theoretical Foundations
Chapter 1
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning with Technology
What is Educational Technology?
• Educational technology is any technology used by educators in support of the teaching and learning process
• Educators study educational technology in order to have a sound foundation in the technologies needed to teach
• NETS-T standards articulate what teachers and students should know about technology
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology & Instruction
• Educational technologies are the tools teachers use to create an effective instructional event
• An instructional event includes all activities that promote the transfer of knowledge and/or skills in the learning environment
• The learning environment includes the physical and non-physical aspects of the area in which the instructional event takes place
Teaching and Learning with Technology
About Learning
• A variety of theories explain how people learn• Each theory offers a different perspective on
learning• Some theories may be contradictory• Each teacher must personally decide which
theory he or she agrees with
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Learning as Communication• Knowledge is transferred by sending a
message from sender to receiver• Receiver then returns feedback to sender• Sender receives feedback• All messages are impacted by variables that
may alter the pure meaning of the intended message
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Environmental Factors
Psychological Factors
Personal Filters
Factors Affecting Learning
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Environmental Factors• Any factor in the environment that may cause
a learner to lose focus• Environmental conditions can block
communications• Lighting, movement, temperature may all
interfere with communications
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Psychological Factors• Unique individual differences that define and
impact reception of communicated information
• Emotional state may interfere with message reception
• Learning styles (preferred sensory gateways) may interfere with transmission
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Personal Filters• Individual’s values, heritage, and belief
system that may alter intended messages• May include attitudes, cultural differences,
and opinions• Filters are present in both sender and
receiver
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Behaviorists• All behavior is a response to external stimuli• Students learn (acquire behaviors, skills and
knowledge) in response to rewards and punishments
• Learning is a passive response to the environment
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Cognitivists• Focus is on learning as a mental operation• Information enters through senses, is
mentally manipulated, stored and used• Learning is explained in terms of how one
thinks• Believe learning is more complex than simple
behavioristic responses
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theory
Constructivists• Knowledge is constructed as a result of the
learning process and is unique to the person who constructs it
• Learning happens when knowledge is assimilated or accommodated (Piaget)
• Knowledge may be constructed best in a social context
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Cognitive Styles• The manner in which one thinks and
interprets the environment• Myers-Briggs helps to determine cognitive
preferences• Understanding cognitive styles helps
teachers create a supportive instructional environment
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Learning Styles• Conditions under which one learns best• Relates to individual sensory dominance• Auditory learners learn best by listening• Visual learners learn best by seeing• Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by
doing and touching
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Intelligence• Inherent capabilities to learn and understand• Standford-Binet IQ tests emphasize verbal
and mathematical abilities• Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory
suggests everyone has some degree of each of nine types of intelligence
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Multiple Intelligences• Verbal-Linguistic• Mathematical-Logical• Musical• Visual-Spatial• Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Interpersonal• Intrapersonal• Naturalistic• Existential
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning
• Teaching is a systematic planned sequence of events
• Teaching is a process that communication of ideas and skills
• Teaching takes into account individual and environmental factors related to the learner
• Skilled teachers are aware of learning theories and learner characteristics that impact the process
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning
• Technology is a component of the teaching and learning process
• Educational technology includes any resource used to facilitate teaching and learning
• This view of technology has been an evolution consistent with the evolution of learning theories
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
An Historical Overview• The audio-visual movement began in the
early 1900s with the advent of movies• Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in
the 1920s-1930s to support the wars• Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
An Historical Overview• In the 1960s A-V was expanded to a broader
systems view • By the 1970s educational technology was
redefined to include all types of learning resources and systems
• With the advent of the computer in the 1980s, educational technology entered the Digital Age
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
Today• The systems view of educational technology
embraces all media and systems that support the teaching and learning process
• Each teacher must decide how to best utilize technology in support of his or her students