2012 peer comparison report

Alternative Formats Available206-477-3839 TTY Relay: 711

14057/comm

2012 King County Metro Transit Peer Agency Comparison on Performance Measures

Department of TransportationMetro Transit Division

King Street Center, KSC-TR-0415201 S. Jackson St

Seattle, WA 98104206-553-3000 TTY Relay: 711

www.kingcounty.gov/metro

A-1

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A-2 KING COUNTY METRO TRANSIT PEER AGENCY COMPARISON ON PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Every year, King County Metro Transit compares its performance to that of peer agencies using data from the National Transportation Database (NTD). Metro compares itself to 29 of the other largest1 bus transit agencies in the U.S. on eight indicators. Only bus modes (motor bus, trolley bus, commuter bus, and rapid bus, as defined by the NTD) are included for the agencies.

The measures presented are from 2012, with comparisons to previous years. NTD annual data are not available until the end of the following year, so the analysis is delayed by one year. Other challenges to peer analyses include the fact that only bus performance measures are measured, but many of the peer agencies also operate significant rail systems around which they structure their bus networks. This may affect their performance on the measures compared.

Also, it is not always clear what has been included and excluded in the NTD reports. In previous years, Metro reports included Sound Transit bus service operated by Metro. This analysis does not include Sound Transit service, but the composition of other agencies’ reports is uncertain. That is one reason Metro uses a robust cohort of 30 peers and shows the averages among them.

The key measures compared are based on service and financial statistics.

Service measures are: • boardings (the total number of times

passengers board buses during the year)• vehicle hours and vehicle miles (the hours

and miles a bus travels from the time it leaves its base until it returns)

• passenger miles (the total miles traveled by all passengers)

Peer agency comparison on performance measuresFinancial measures are the total bus operating cost divided by the service statistics. Farebox recovery is the total bus fare revenue divided by operating costs.

Over the past five years, Metro has not done as well as the peer average on the measures related to passenger miles. Metro’s average bus passenger trip length (passenger miles divided by passengers) declined as Sound Transit’s Link light rail replaced some of the longer trips, and service restructures focused on shorter, all-day routes more than on peak commuter routes.

Metro did not do as well as the peer average on costs in the 2011-2012 period (but did better in the 5-year and 10-year trends). Added costs came from insurance and from support costs such as security and information technology.

Over 10 years, Metro has done at least as well as the peer average on all of the measures, particularly in the measures related to boardings and farebox recovery.

1By number of boardings2The growth is the total percentage-point growth.

2012 1-year Annual Growth 5-year Annual Growth 10-year Annual Growth

Metro Rank Peer Avg Metro Rank Peer Avg Metro Rank

Peer Avg Metro Rank

Peer Avg

Boardings 114.6m 10th 120.2m 2.3% 16th 2.2% -0.8% 11th -1.7% 2.2% 4th -0.2%

Boardings per hour 31.9 15th 35.2 0.5% 23rd 3.4% -1.4% 23rd 0.3% 1.2% 8th 0.3%

Passenger miles per mile 11.0 11th 10.9 2.3% 23rd 6.6% -3.0% 28th 1.9% 1.4% 17th 1.4%

Cost per hour $135.68 8th $123.29 4.8% 11th 4.0% 2.3% 19th 3.1% 3.8% 20th 4.2%

Cost per mile $10.86 10th $10.36 6.1% 9th 4.8% 2.4% 20th 3.7% 4.4% 15th 4.5%

Cost per boarding $ 4.25 8th $3.72 4.2% 3rd 0.7% 3.7% 8th 2.9% 2.5% 23nd 3.9%

Cost per passenger mile $0.99 14th $0.98 3.7% 3rd -1.4% 5.5% 4th 1.8% 2.9% 16th 3.1%

Farebox recovery2 29.0% 13th 27.8% 0.8% 6th 0.2% 5.6% 4th 2.4% 8.8% 5th 2.3%


Metro had 114.6 million bus boardings in 2012 (peer rank: 10).

32.8 34.1 37.5 38.4 38.5 45.2 49.3 52.1 52.5 53.6 55.7 59.5 59.7 61.6 65.5 69.9 76.3 76.7 77.9 77.9

114.6 119.7 120.9 136.8 161.7 163.2

196.0 314.4

360.0 805.4

0 200 400 600 800 1000

DetroitAustin

PhoenixDallas

ClevelandMilwaukee

San AntonioSan Diego

Orange CountyOakland

PittsburghPortland

Las VegasAtlanta

HoustonMinneapolis

HonoluluDenverMiami

BaltimoreKing County Metro Transit

BostonMTA New York Bus

Washington DCNew Jersey

San FranciscoPhiladelphia

ChicagoLos Angeles

MTA New York City Transit

Metro boardings increased 2.3 percent in 2012 (peer rank: 16), about the same as the peer average.

SERVICE STATISTICSBus Boardings–2012

(in millions)

-8.0% -6.4%

-2.4% -1.4%

0.1% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0% 1.3% 1.6% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.7% 2.8% 3.0% 3.3% 3.4% 3.5% 3.8% 3.9%

4.6% 4.8%

5.4% 6.6%

7.6% 11.7%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

MinneapolisMTA New York City Transit

Los AngelesDenver

ChicagoBaltimore

AustinPortlandPhoenix

MTA New York BusAverage

King County Metro TransitOrange County

MilwaukeeMiami

PittsburghPhiladelphia

HonoluluCleveland

DallasNew Jersey

Washington DCSan Francisco

San DiegoBoston

Las VegasSan Antonio

Houston

Detroit

Atlanta Oakland

Bus BoardingsPercentage Change 2011–2012


-8.1% -6.2%

-5.3% -4.8%

-4.0% -3.8%

-3.5% -2.8% -2.8% -2.6% -2.4% -2.2% -2.2%

-1.8% -1.8% -1.7% -1.5%

-1.1% -1.1% -0.9% -0.8% -0.6% -0.6%

0.0% 0.1% 0.2%

1.1% 1.6% 1.6%

2.3% 3.1%

-10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4%

San FranciscoWashington DC


PhiladelphiaHonolulu

Boston

Cleveland

Denver Minneapolis King County Metro

Chicago New Jersey Austin Average Los Angeles Portland

Atlanta Miami Baltimore MTA New York City Milwaukee Detroit Dallas

Pittsburgh

MTA New York Bus

Las Vegas

Oakland

Phoenix

Orange County Houston

King County Metro Transit


Metro boardings decreased by a yearly average of 0.8 percent from the record high boardings in 2008 (peer rank: 11). The recession played a significant role as employment in King County had not returned to 2008 levels by 2012. In this five-year time period, Metro raised fares four times, the downtown Seattle Ride Free Area ended, and in 2009 Sound Transit began Link light rail service in a heavily used bus corridor, all of which had a downward effect on Metro ridership.

-4.4% -2.6% -2.6% -2.4%

-1.7% -1.6% -1.6% -1.5% -1.4%

-1.2% -0.9% -0.9% -0.9% -0.8% -0.8%

-0.3% -0.2% -0.2%

0.0% 0.4%

0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1%

1.5% 2.1% 2.2%

2.6% 2.7%

5.3%

-6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

MinneapolisChicago

New JerseyPhiladelphia

HonoluluDenverMiami

King County Metro TransitSan Antonio

Las VegasSan Diego

Houston

Pittsburgh

San Francisco

Los Angeles Average

Boston Austin

Baltimore Phoenix Portland MTA New York City Transit Atlanta Detroit Oakland

Washington DC

Orange County

Dallas

Milwaukee Cleveland

Note: In all of the 2003-2012 comparisons, there are just 29 agencies in the peer group. New York City’s MTA Bus was not in the 2003 National Transit Database.

Metro’s annual boardings growth averaged 2.2 percent per year since 2003 (peer rank: 4).

SERVICE STATISTICS

Bus BoardingsAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012

Bus BoardingsAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012


In recent years, many peer agencies have seen more growth in boardings per vehicle hour than Metro has. Metro added service that affected the boardings-per-hour ratio. Some of these new service hours produced above-average boardings (e.g., RapidRide and Alaskan Way Viaduct mitigation service), while others were expected to result in ridership below the systemwide average (e.g., partnerships and Transit Now additions to routes serving growing areas).

Productivity is one of the priorities for Metro service investments; social equity and geographic value also are high priorities. Before the service guidelines were adopted in 2011, most service investments were targeted into east and south King County, where there is less density and productivity. While ridership has grown at a rapid rate over the past decade in these two areas, the average boardings per hour in both areas is below the system-wide average. The most extensive reinvestments made under the service guidelines rolled out in the last four months of 2012. Therefore, their long-term effect on boardings per hour is not apparent in the 2012 report.

In response to the 2009 Performance Audit, Metro reduced layover times between trips in 2010 and 2011. This increased boardings per hour, but hurt on-time performance because buses running late did not have enough cushion to recover lost time.

17.7 20.9

25.3 26.1 26.8

29.4 29.6 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.8 30.9 31.2 31.3 31.9 31.9 32.4 33.6 33.9 34.2 34.5 35.2

43.4 44.2 44.4

48.1 51.0 51.6

54.7 64.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

DallasHouston

New JerseyDenver

PhoenixMiamiAustin

Washington DCSan Antonio

OaklandAtlanta

MTA New York BusOrange County

ClevelandMinneapolis

King County Metro TransitPittsburghSan Diego

DetroitPortland

BaltimoreMilwaukee

AveragePhiladelphia

Las VegasBoston

Los AngelesHonoluluChicago

MTA New York City TransitSan Francisco

Metro had 31.9 boardings per hour (peer rank: 15).

-3.3% -2.9% -2.8%

-0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.9% 1.1% 1.1% 1.3%

2.0% 2.2% 2.3% 2.7% 2.8% 3.4% 3.6% 3.7% 4.1% 4.3% 4.8% 5.4% 5.5%

7.7% 7.8%

8.6% 10.4%

12.3% 16.1%

-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

MinneapolisMilwaukee

MTA New York City TransitKing County Metro Transit

ClevelandChicago

Washington DCDallas

San FranciscoPhiladelphiaNew Jersey

Orange CountyPortlandAverage

MiamiHonolulu

DenverAustin

San DiegoBoston

Los AngelesDetroit

PhoenixMTA New York Bus

San AntonioLas VegasPittsburgh

Oakland

Baltimore

Houston

Atlanta

One-year growth in boardings per hour was 0.5 percent (peer rank: 23). As noted previously, Metro added hours to improve on-time performance. Also, a week-long snow and ice storm in January decreased annual boardings (and thus boardings-per-hour) by about 0.6%.

SERVICE STATISTICS

Boardings Per Vehicle Hour2012

Boardings Per Vehicle HourPercentage Change 2011–2012


Over five years Metro had an average annual decline of 1.4 percent in boardings per hour (peer rank: 23). Nineteen of the 22 peer agencies ahead of Metro cut service during this time, which likely was less productive service.

-3.2% -2.6% -2.6%

-1.5% -1.3%

-0.9% -0.8%

-0.4% -0.3% -0.2% -0.1% -0.1% 0.0%

0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5%

0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0%

1.2% 1.4%

1.7% 1.9% 2.0% 2.1%

3.5% 4.5%

-4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

AverageMinneapolisLos AngelesPhiladelphia

PortlandSan FranciscoSan Antonio

HonoluluOakland

King County MetroLas Vegas

DenverChicago

MiamiClevelandPittsburgh

Detroit

Atlanta

Baltimore Milwaukee

San Diego

Orange County

Washington DC

Dallas

Austin


Boston New Jersey

Phoenix

Houston

Over 10 years, Metro’s boardings per hour grew at an average annual rate of 1.2 percent (peer rank: 8). This reflects the strong long-term growth in boardings mentioned in the previous section.

SERVICE STATISTICS

Boardings Per Vehicle HourAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012

-6.9% -4.4%

-3.2% -2.6% -2.4%

-1.7% -1.4% -1.4% -1.3%

-0.7% -0.6% -0.4%

0.0% 0.0%

0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5%

2.2% 2.5%

3.1% 3.4% 3.4%

4.1% 4.1%

5.2%

-8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

San FranciscoSan Antonio

AverageOrange County

PhiladelphiaMiami

Los AngelesDenver

MTA New York BusPortlandAtlanta

Las VegasHonoluluChicago

PittsburghBoston

ClevelandDetroit

San Diego

Oakland

Baltimore

Milwaukee


Washington DC

Houston

Dallas

Minneapolis

Phoenix

New Jersey Austin


Boardings Per Vehicle HourAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012


-4.6% -3.5% -3.0% -2.7%

-0.8% 0.0%

1.9% 2.3% 2.8% 2.8% 3.2% 3.8% 4.2% 4.3% 4.5% 4.5% 4.8%

6.6% 6.6% 7.4% 7.4%

8.5% 9.0% 9.6% 9.6%

10.9% 12.5%

16.5% 21.6% 22.1%

30.8%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

MTA New York City TransitChicago

King County Metro TransitSan Francisco

Orange CountyPhiladelphia

San DiegoMinneapolis

HonoluluPhoenixOakland

Washington DCBoston

AverageMTA New York Bus

PortlandMiami

Los AngelesCleveland

AustinSan Antonio

DenverLas VegasBaltimore

DetroitPittsburgh

Houston

Dallas Atlanta

New Jersey Milwaukee

Metro passenger miles per vehicle mile increased 2.3 percent from 2011 to 2012 (peer rank: 23), which tracks with the 2.3 percent gain in boardings. Metro added 0.5 percent more vehicles miles in 2012, while 15 of the 22 agencies who ranked higher on this ratio decreased their vehicle miles.

Metro had 11.0 passenger miles per vehicle mile (peer rank: 11).

SERVICE STATISTICS

Passenger Miles Per Vehicle Mile2012

Passenger Miles Per Vehicle MilePercentage Change 2011–2012

5.2 6.9

7.7 8.1 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.7 9.9 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.5 10.5 10.8 10.9 11.0 11.2

12.4 12.5 12.9 13.0 13.1

15.8 16.1 16.5

0 5 10 15 20

DallasPhoenix

MilwaukeeWashington DC

HoustonPittsburgh

OaklandAtlanta

Orange CountyAustin


DenverMinneapolis

ClevelandPortland

MTA New York BusNew Jersey

DetroitAverage

King County Metro TransitBoston

ChicagoPhiladelphia

MiamiLas VegasBaltimore

MTA New York City TransitSan Francisco

Los AngelesHonolulu 19.7


Over the five years 2008–2012, Metro’s passenger miles per vehicle mile decreased at an average annual rate of 3.0 percent (peer rank: 28). Several factors contributed to this, including increases in vehicle miles, decreases in average trip length, and service restructures.

While Metro added 2 percent more vehicle miles during this period, 24 of the other 29 agencies decreased their miles.

Metro’s average trip length decreased significantly, from 4.6 miles to 4.3. This was partly because of the recession, as commute trips tend to be longer than other trips. The average trip length also declined because restructures of Metro service around Link light rail and RapidRide tended to focus service on all-day routes rather than longer-distance commuter routes. For example, in 2010, Link replaced Metro Route 194, which operated between Seattle, SeaTac, and Federal Way. Route 194 had accounted for about 4 percent of Metro’s total passenger miles.

Metro is shifting rides from longer trips that are filled for most of the ride (e.g. fill up at the park-and-ride or airport and then travel a long distance into downtown) to more frequent, shorter trips where passengers are riding only part of the distance of the trip. For instance, resources from route 194 were invested in routes such as the 8, 36, 60, 124, and 180 which don’t have many end-to-end rides.

In addition, increased ridership on Sounder commuter rail probably replaced some long Metro bus rides.

-6.1% -3.0% -3.0% -2.9%

-2.5% -2.3%

-1.7% -0.6%

-0.1% 0.1%

0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2%

1.9% 2.4%

3.1% 3.3%

3.7% 3.8% 3.9%

4.3% 4.8% 4.8% 5.0% 5.1%

6.2% 6.6%

7.2% 8.9%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10%


MTA New York City TransitSan Antonio

BaltimorePittsburgh

AverageLas Vegas

ChicagoOaklandDenverDetroit

San FranciscoMiamiBoston

San DiegoPortland

Los AngelesAtlanta

ClevelandMTA New York Bus

Honolulu

Houston

King County Metro Transit Washington DC Phoenix Dallas Minneapolis Austin Orange County

Milwaukee

Over 10 years, Metro’s passenger miles per vehicle mile increased at an annual rate of 1.4 percent (peer rank: 17), the same as the peer average.

-2.9% -1.5%

-1.0% -0.8%

-0.4% -0.2% -0.1% -0.1%

0.5% 0.9%

1.2% 1.2%

1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4%

1.7% 1.8%

2.0% 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 2.3%

2.8% 2.8%

3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.8%

4.5%

-4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

New JerseyLas Vegas

ChicagoMinneapolis

King County Metro TransitBaltimore

AtlantaAverage

PittsburghMTA New York City Transit

PortlandPhiladelphia

DetroitLos Angeles

San FranciscoSan Antonio

AustinOakland

ClevelandDenver

HonoluluMiami

Dallas

Houston Phoenix Boston Milwaukee Orange County San Diego

Washington DC

SERVICE STATISTICS

Passenger Miles Per Vehicle MileAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012

Passenger Miles Per Vehicle MileAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012


Operating cost per vehicle hourSeveral factors contribute to bus operating cost per vehicle hour. Most (about 70 percent) of the total cost comes from the direct costs of putting buses on the road, including wages and benefits for bus drivers, vehicle main-tenance, fuel or power (electricity), and insurance. Additional costs are for critical support functions including information technology, safety and security, management and administrative services (human resources, payroll, accounting, budget, and planning), and maintenance of bases and passenger facilities (shelters, park-and-rides, transit centers, etc.). Because Metro is part of a large, general-purpose government, support is also provided by other county agencies.

Other contributing factors include the type, size, and mix of fleet vehicles and average miles per hour. Fleet makeup can influence cost signifi-cantly. Metro’s operating costs per vehicle hour reflect a heavy reliance on large articulated buses, which are more expensive to operate than smaller buses. Articulated buses provide operating efficiencies in other ways, such the ability to carry more passengers and handle high demand during peak periods. Metro is one of only four peers to operate trolley buses, which are more expensive to operate than motor buses. However, they minimize pollution, operate more quietly, and are well suited for climbing the steep hills of Seattle.

Another cost, unique to Metro, is the maintenance and operation of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel. This facility adds to Metro’s total costs, but also supports efficient operation and quality of service in the busy Seattle core, reducing the number of service hours needed.

$81.34 $84.68

$91.98 $101.28 $102.69 $103.33 $104.05 $104.62 $106.55 $110.18 $111.49 $112.08 $114.98 $119.53 $121.25 $123.29 $123.50 $124.72 $125.95 $127.08 $131.39 $133.88 $135.11 $135.68

$143.71 $145.64 $149.89 $153.08

$162.15 $166.90 $169.85

$0 $50 $100 $150 $200

San AntonioSan DiegoLas Vegas

PhoenixDenver

MilwaukeeAustin

AtlantaHouston

Orange CountyMinneapolis

DallasMiami

HonoluluCleveland

AverageLos Angeles

Washington DCChicago

New JerseyPortland

MTA New York BusPhiladelphia

King County Metro TransitBoston

BaltimoreDetroit

San FranciscoPittsburgh

OaklandMTA New York City Transit

-3.6% -2.7%

-1.2% -0.5%

0.0% 0.6% 0.6% 1.1%

2.2% 2.3% 2.5% 2.6% 2.9% 3.4% 3.5% 3.6% 4.0% 4.1% 4.7% 4.7% 4.8%

5.6% 6.1% 6.2% 6.5%

7.3% 7.3%

8.1% 11.0% 11.3%

14.7%

-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

DallasMiami

Washington DCLos AngelesMinneapolis

HoustonNew Jersey

Las VegasSan Antonio

ClevelandPhiladelphia

MTA New York City TransitAveragePortlandChicago

HonoluluKing County Metro Transit

MTA New York BusSan Diego

BostonOrange County

AustinOaklandDenver

PittsburghPhoenixDetroit

Baltimore Atlanta

San Francisco Milwaukee

In 2012 Metro’s operating cost per hour was $135.68 (peer rank: 8). Metro’s operating cost per hour increased 4.8 percent in 2012 (peer rank: 11). Much of this added cost came from insurance costs and from support costs such as security and information technology.

FINANCIAL STATISTICS

Operating Cost Per Vehicle Hour2012

Operating Cost Per Vehicle HourPercentage Change 2011–2012


2.4% 2.9% 3.1% 3.2% 3.3% 3.4% 3.5% 3.6% 3.7% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.9% 3.9% 4.1% 4.1% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 4.4% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5% 4.7% 4.7%

5.1% 5.1% 5.2%

5.6% 7.8%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

San DiegoMinneapolisMilwaukee

Los AngelesNew Jersey

DallasWashington DC

ChicagoAtlanta

King County Metro TransitHouston

MiamiDenver

ClevelandOrange County

Las VegasAverage

DetroitHonolulu

San AntonioAustin

PhiladelphiaBaltimore

San FranciscoOaklandPhoenixBoston

PortlandNew York MTA Transit

Pittsburgh

Metro had an average annual growth of 2.3 percent over five years (peer rank: 19), 0.8 percent below the peer average. Cost containment during this period included a 2011 wage freeze for King County Metro employees.

Over 10 years Metro had an average annual percentage growth in cost per hour of 3.8 percent, (peer rank: 20), below the peer average of 4.2 percent.


0.4% 0.5% 0.6%

0.9% 1.1%

1.4% 1.4% 1.6%

1.9% 2.2% 2.3% 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% 2.7%

3.0% 3.1%

3.7% 3.7% 3.9% 4.0% 4.1%

4.5% 4.5% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8%

5.5% 6.0% 6.2% 6.5%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%

Washington DCMilwaukee

MiamiSan Francisco

DallasMTA New York Bus

San AntonioBaltimore

AustinOrange County

MinneapolisKing County Metro Transit

New JerseyDenver

HoustonLos Angeles

AverageCleveland

MTA New York City TransitPhiladelphia

HonoluluPortland

Las VegasOaklandChicagoBoston

San DiegoDetroit

PhoenixAtlanta

Pittsburgh

Operating Cost Per Vehicle HourAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012

Operating Cost Per Vehicle HourAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012


$5.91 $6.82 $7.06 $7.07 $7.36 $7.42 $7.78 $7.86 $8.01 $8.08 $8.17 $8.19 $8.42 $8.62 $8.90

$9.87 $10.07 $10.19 $10.36 $10.62 $10.86 $10.86 $11.07 $11.22

$13.18 $13.25 $13.65 $14.03

$14.84 $19.66

$21.86

$0 $5 $10 $15 $20 $25

San AntonioHoustonPhoenix

San DiegoLas Vegas

DenverAustinDallas

MilwaukeeOrange County

AtlantaNew Jersey

HonoluluMinneapolis

MiamiCleveland

Los AngelesPortlandAverage

BaltimoreDetroit

King County Metro TransitWashington DC

PittsburghChicago

PhiladelphiaOakland

BostonMTA New York Bus

San FranciscoMTA New York City Transit

-3.6% -1.8% -1.7% -1.3%

-0.1% 0.1%

1.9% 2.1% 2.3% 2.7% 2.7%

3.4% 3.4% 3.9% 4.1% 4.6% 4.7% 4.8% 5.0% 5.1% 5.6% 6.0% 6.1%

6.8% 7.0%

7.8% 7.9%

9.7% 14.7%

15.8% 18.4%

-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

AtlantaWashington DC

MinneapolisHouston

MTA New York City TransitLas Vegas

New JerseyLos AngelesSan Antonio

ClevelandPortland

PhiladelphiaAverage

HonoluluChicago

BaltimoreSan Diego

King County Metro TransitPhoenix

Orange CountyOakland

BostonAustin

PittsburghDenverDetroit

MTA New York Bus Milwaukee Dallas San Francisco

Miami

Metro’s operating cost per vehicle mile was $10.86 (peer rank: 10). Metro’s operating cost per vehicle mile increased 6.1 percent in 2012 (peer rank: 9). Metro miles increased at a slower rate than hours, so cost per mile increased more than cost per hour. Part of this difference was due to the adding back of some recovery time to improve on-time performance, as noted earlier.


Operating Cost Per Vehicle Mile2012

Operating Cost Per Vehicle MilePercentage Change 2011–2012


0.7% 1.3% 1.3%

1.6% 1.7%

2.0% 2.1% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 2.6% 2.6%

3.2% 3.7% 3.9% 3.9% 4.1% 4.2% 4.4% 4.6% 4.6% 4.8% 4.8%

5.5% 5.6%

6.7% 6.7%

7.3% 7.5%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8%

MiamiMilwaukee

Washington DCMTA New York Bus

DallasAustin

San AntonioMinneapolis

Las VegasOrange County

King County Metro TransitNew Jersey

San FranciscoHouston

BaltimoreAverage

MTA New York City TransitDenver

HonoluluSan Diego

Los AngelesPortland

PhiladelphiaPhoenix

ClevelandChicagoOaklandAtlantaBoston

PittsburghDetroit

2.0% 3.1% 3.1% 3.2% 3.5% 3.5% 3.6% 3.6% 4.0% 4.1% 4.2% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 4.4% 4.5% 4.5% 4.6% 4.6% 4.7% 4.8% 5.0% 5.0% 5.2% 5.2% 5.5% 5.6% 5.8% 5.9%

7.7%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

Las VegasSan Diego

DetroitMiami

New JerseyMilwaukee

MinneapolisHouston

DallasLos Angeles

ChicagoAtlanta

BaltimoreAustin

King County Metro TransitAverage

Orange CountyWashington DC

PhoenixHonoluluOakland

ClevelandDenver

PhiladelphiaSan Antonio

San FranciscoPortland

BostonNew York MTA Transit

Pittsburgh

Metro’s average annual growth was 2.4 percent over five years (peer rank: 20). During this five-year space, costs were more contained and recovery time was reduced in response to the county’s performance audit.

Over 10 years, Metro’s average annual growth in cost per mile was 4.4 percent (peer rank: 15), which is slightly less than the peer average.


Operating Cost Per Vehicle MileAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012

Operating Cost Per Vehicle MileAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012


$2.08 $2.34 $2.37 $2.44 $2.57 $2.61 $2.69

$3.00 $3.11 $3.11 $3.24 $3.43 $3.52 $3.56 $3.57 $3.72 $3.78 $3.88 $3.88 $3.92 $3.93 $4.14 $4.25 $4.25 $4.35 $4.46

$5.02 $5.08 $5.10

$5.49 $6.32

$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7

Las VegasHonolulu

San FranciscoChicago

Los AngelesSan Diego

San AntonioMilwaukee

MTA New York City TransitPhiladelphia

BostonAtlantaAustin

MinneapolisOrange County

AveragePhoenixPortland

ClevelandMiami

DenverWashington DC

BaltimoreKing County Metro Transit

MTA New York BusDetroit

New JerseyPittsburgh

HoustonOakland

Dallas

Metro’s operating cost per boarding was $4.25 (peer rank: 8). Operating cost per boarding increased 4.2 percent in 2012 (peer rank: 3).


Operating Cost Per Boarding2012

-8.7% -6.8%

-5.5% -4.4% -4.1%

-2.9% -2.9% -2.8%

-1.3% -0.5%

0.2% 0.7% 0.7% 1.0% 1.2% 1.3% 1.3%

1.8% 2.2% 2.4% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.2% 3.3% 3.6% 3.7% 3.9% 4.2%

6.5% 10.4%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

New JerseyAverage

BostonHonolulu

San DiegoPhiladelphia

PortlandAtlanta

MinneapolisCleveland

AustinBaltimoreHoustonPhoenix

MTA New York City TransitChicago

Orange CountyDenver

King County Metro TransitDetroit

Oakland

Las Vegas San Antonio San Francisco

MTA New York Bus

Washington DC

Los Angeles Pittsburgh

Dallas

Miami Milwaukee

Operating Cost Per BoardingPercentage Change 2011–2012


-0.4% -0.4% -0.1%

0.2% 0.9% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 1.7%

2.1% 2.1% 2.3% 2.5% 2.7% 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 3.1% 3.2% 3.3%

3.7% 4.4% 4.6%

5.2% 6.0% 6.3%

8.6% 10.3%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%

MTA New York BusSan Francisco

BostonDetroit

San AntonioDenver

HonoluluChicago

Orange CountyLos Angeles

Washington DCLas Vegas

Austin Minneapolis

PortlandAverage

PittsburghMilwaukee


King County Metro TransitDallas

AtlantaMTA New York City Transit

OaklandBaltimore

PhoenixHouston

Cleveland San Diego Miami

-0.2% 1.7% 1.8% 1.8%

2.2% 2.4% 2.5% 2.6% 2.8% 2.8%

3.4% 3.4% 3.4%

3.7% 3.7% 3.9% 4.0% 4.0% 4.2%

4.4% 4.5% 4.6%

5.0% 5.2%

5.5% 6.1% 6.2%

6.6% 6.6% 6.7%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%

ChicagoCleveland

MiamiDenver

MinneapolisKing County Metro Transit

Los AngelesLas VegasSan Diego

New JerseyHonolulu

San AntonioOakland

San FranciscoAverage

PhiladelphiaAtlanta

PittsburghMilwaukee

AustinPortland

Orange CountyBoston

PhoenixBaltimore

Washington DCHouston

New York MTA TransitDallas

Detroit

Metro’s average annual growth over five years was 3.7 percent (peer rank: 8). One reason Metro’s cost per boarding grew faster (relative to peers) than cost per hour or cost per mile over the past few years is that many peer agencies reduced hours and miles, which reduced growth in total costs. Agencies likely cut their less-productive service, so the effect on their boardings was not as great as the effect on their total costs. Meanwhile, Metro increased service hours during this period, although ridership declined with employment.

Metro’s average annual growth in cost per boarding over 10 years was 2.5 percent (peer rank: 23), and below the average of 3.9 percent. This reflects the strong growth in boardings over this period.


Operating Cost Per BoardingAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012

Operating Cost Per BoardingAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012


Metro’s operating cost per passenger mile was $0.99 (peer rank: 14)—just about the peer average.

The operating cost per passenger mile increased by 3.7 percent in 2012 (peer rank: 3).

$0.43 $0.56 $0.61 $0.64 $0.69 $0.73 $0.75 $0.78 $0.80 $0.81 $0.84 $0.85 $0.89 $0.93 $0.96 $0.98 $0.99 $0.99 $1.01 $1.02 $1.05 $1.06 $1.06

$1.22 $1.26 $1.29

$1.36 $1.38 $1.42

$1.50 $1.57

$0.00 $0.25 $0.50 $0.75 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75

HonoluluLas Vegas

Los AngelesSan Antonio

MiamiSan Diego

DenverNew Jersey

HoustonBaltimore

MinneapolisAustin

Orange CountyAtlanta

ClevelandAveragePortland

King County Metro TransitDetroit

PhoenixMilwaukee

ChicagoPhiladelphia

San FranciscoBoston

PittsburghWashington DC

MTA New York City TransitMTA New York Bus

DallasOakland

-13.2% -12.3% -11.9%

-8.1% -7.9%

-6.3% -6.2%

-5.1% -5.0%

-3.0% -2.8% -2.6%

-2.1% -1.4%

0.1% 0.7%

1.2% 1.3% 1.5% 1.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.7% 2.8% 2.9% 3.1% 3.1% 3.2%

3.7% 4.1%

8.4%

-15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10%

AustinHonolulu

DallasBoston

PhiladelphiaMilwaukeeSan Diego

PhoenixMTA New York City Transit

AtlantaDenver

HoustonChicagoOakland

King County Metro TransitOrange County

New Jersey

Detroit

San Francisco

Cleveland Los Angeles

San Antonio

Washington DC

Average Minneapolis Portland

Miami

Baltimore

MTA New York Bus Las Vegas Pittsburgh


Operating Cost Per Passenger MilePercentage Change 2011–2012

Operating Cost Per Passenger Mile2012


Metro’s average annual growth was 5.5 percent over five years (peer rank: 4). As noted earlier, Metro passenger miles and average trip length have decreased over the past five years as a result of the recession and service restructures around Link light rail and RapidRide service.

Metro’s average annual growth in cost per passenger mile was 2.9 percent over 10 years (peer rank: 16), slightly less than the peer average.

-5.3% -4.4%

-3.4% -1.7% -1.3%

-0.7% -0.6% -0.4% -0.1%

0.2% 0.5%

1.1% 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% 2.3% 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 2.6% 3.0%

3.6% 3.8% 4.0% 4.1% 4.3% 4.4%

5.5% 6.0%

7.4% 9.3%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

DenverAtlanta

San AntonioAverage

BostonBaltimoreOakland

New JerseyChicago

Orange CountyAustin

MTA New York City TransitDetroit

PhiladelphiaMinneapolis

DallasWashington DC

MilwaukeeKing County Metro Transit

PittsburghPhoenixHouston

San Francisco

San Diego

Las Vegas Portland

Los Angeles

Cleveland

MTA New York Bus Chicago Honolulu

-1.2% 0.9% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.5%

1.8% 2.4% 2.4%

2.7% 2.8% 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 3.2% 3.2%

3.5% 3.8% 4.0%

4.7% 4.7%

5.5% 5.9%

6.2% 6.2%

7.0%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%

HonoluluDetroit

OaklandLas VegasCleveland

DenverAustin

Los AngelesMinneapolisSan Antonio

AtlantaBaltimore

King County Metro TransitChicago


AverageSan Francisco

San DiegoPortland

MilwaukeeNew York MTA Transit

Orange CountyHoustonPhoenix

PittsburghWashington DC

BostonDallas

Miami


Operating Cost Per Passenger MileAverage Annual Percentage Change 2003–2012

Operating Cost Per Passenger MileAverage Annual Percentage Change 2008–2012


13.4% 14.0% 15.9% 17.0% 18.1% 19.4%

22.0% 22.7% 23.2% 24.3% 24.4% 24.4%

26.8% 27.2% 27.4% 27.7% 27.7% 27.8% 29.0% 29.5% 30.1% 30.6% 31.0% 31.6%

33.7% 34.6% 34.8%

37.6% 37.6%

44.1% 53.1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

DallasAustinDetroit

San AntonioHoustonOakland

BostonBaltimore

PhoenixWashington DCOrange County

PortlandClevelandPittsburgh

DenverMiami

AtlantaAverage

King County Metro TransitLos AngelesPhiladelphia

HonoluluMilwaukee

MinneapolisSan Francisco

MTA New York BusMTA New York City Transit

ChicagoSan Diego

New JerseyLas Vegas

-1.8% -1.7% -1.6% -1.5% -1.3%

-0.9% -0.8% -0.6% -0.6% -0.5% -0.5%

-0.3% -0.2% -0.2% -0.2% -0.2% -0.1%

0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%

1.2% 1.6% 1.8%

4.1% 5.2%

-4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

AverageDallas

PortlandHonolulu

AustinMiami

New York BusLos Angeles

King County Metro TransitPittsburgh

OaklandSan Francisco

Las VegasAtlanta

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Baltimore Houston

Chicago

Denver

Minneapolis San Antonio San Diego

Boston

Orange County

New Jersey Milwaukee MTA New York Transit

Cleveland Detroit

Phoenix

Metro’s farebox recovery (bus fare revenue divided by bus operating cost) was 29 percent (peer rank: 13). Metro’s target farebox recovery rate is 25 percent, which Metro has surpassed every year since 2009.

Farebox recovery rate grew by 0.8 percentage points in 2012 (peer rank: 6).


Farebox RecoveryDifference 2011–2012

Farebox Recovery2012


-2.7% -2.4% -2.3%

-1.2% -1.0%

-0.6% -0.4% -0.2%

0.4% 0.5%

1.2% 1.7% 1.7% 1.8% 2.0% 2.3% 2.4%

3.0% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.3% 3.4%

4.4% 4.9% 5.2% 5.3% 5.6%

6.5% 6.9%

13.0%

-5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

DallasSan Antonio

AtlantaChicagoOaklandHoustonPhoenix

New JerseyAverage

Orange CountyWashington DC

PittsburghPortland

AustinHonolulu

San DiegoMTA New York Bus

DenverCleveland

King County Metro TransitMiami

San FranciscoLas Vegas

e e ce 008 0

MTA New York Transit

Detroit

Minneapolis Los Angeles Boston

Baltimore Philadelphia

Milwaukee


-7.7% -6.5%

-3.7% -3.1%

-2.0% -1.4% -0.9% -0.8%

0.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.9% 1.1% 1.3% 1.6% 1.9% 1.9% 2.1% 2.3% 2.6% 2.7%

5.5% 7.4% 7.6%

8.8% 9.2%

10.5% 10.6%

13.7%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

MilwaukeeMinneapolis

PittsburghLos Angeles

DallasNew Jersey

BostonPhoenixChicagoDetroit

San DiegoAverage

MiamiOakland

HonoluluCleveland

DenverKing County Metro Transit

San FranciscoAustin

Las VegasPortland

San Antonio

Houston

Washington DC Orange County Atlanta

New York MTA Transit Baltimore

Philadelphia

Farebox recovery increased by a total of 5.6 percentage points over five years (peer rank: 4). This increase is largely due to four fare increases during this time period, while at the same time keeping cost increases below the peer average.

Farebox recovery increased by a total of 8.8 percentage points over 10 years (peer rank: 5).




2012 peer comparison report

Documents