©2012 clearone communications. confidential and proprietary. collaborate ® video conferencing...
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©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
COLLABORATE® Video Conferencing
Networking Basics
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
+ IP addressing
+ Networking Ports
+ Network Address Translation
+ Firewalls
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ “Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication” (Wikipedia, May 25th, 2011).
– Every device on network must have unique address
– IP Address
– Subnet Mask
– Default Gateway• An address of a router to get to another network
– Only if needing access to other network
IP Addressing
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
+ How Many Addresses are there?
> IP Version 4- 232
• 4,294,967,296
> IP Version 6– ~ 3.4×1038 IPV6 addresses
• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
340- undecillion282- decillion366- nonillion920- octillion938- septillion463- sextillion463- quintillion374- quadrillion607- trillion431- billion768- million211- thousand456
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
+ Public and Private IP addresses
+ Public addresses are routable via the Internet
– Assigned to Regional Internet Registries by Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA)
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
+ Private IP Addresses are not routable via the Internet
– Used in Closed networks
– LANs, WANs, CANs, MANs
– 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.254
– 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
– 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
– 169.254.1.0 – 169.254.254.255 – link-local address (APIPA)
– 127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 – localhost
– 100.64.0.0 – 100.127.255.255 - Carrier Grade NAT (RFC6598)
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
255.0.0.0 -- class A (16, 777,216)255.255.0.0 -- class B (65,536)255.255.255.0 -- class C (256)
IP Addressing
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Subnet mask
IP Address
Network
Subnet Mask
Host
Address Range -
IP Address Example
32 bits in length• 4 octets, 8 bits in length
each.
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address Example
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address Example
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address Example
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address
192.168.23.45 - Host
255.255.255.0 - Subnet
192.168.23.1 – Default Gateway
MAIN Street
CENTER Street
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address
192.168.23.45 - Host
255.255.255.0 - Subnet
192.168.23.1 – Default Gateway
192.168.24.47
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address “AND”ing
+ ANDing
– The process used by a source device to find out if the destination
device is on the same network or on a different network
– 1 AND 1 = 1
– 1 AND 0 = 0
– 0 AND 0 = 0
– 0 AND 1 = 0
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address “AND”ing
Network
My IP Address: 192.168.23.45
My Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
“AND”ing equals 192.168.23.0
11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00101101
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00000000
Network Network Host
Dest. IP Address: 192.168.24.47
Dest. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
“AND”ing equals 192.168.24.0
11000000. 10101000. 00011000.00101111
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 0000000011000000. 10101000. 00011000. 00000000
Network Network Network Host
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address “AND”ing
Network
My IP Address: 192.168.23.45
My Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00101101
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
“AND”ing equals 192.168.23.0 11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00000000
Network Network Host
Dest. IP Address: 192.168.24.47
Dest. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
11000000. 10101000. 00011000.00101111
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
“AND”ing equals 192.168.24.0 11000000. 10101000. 00011000. 00000000
Network Network Network Host
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address Routing
192.168.23.45 - Host
255.255.255.0 – Subnet
192.168.23.1 – Default Gateway
192.168.24.47
Router is my “Post Office”
Checking Routing Table
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ DHCP
+ Static
+ Link-Local (APIPA)
Assigning IP Address’
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ Easy way to assign IP addresses to hosts+ Helps prevent duplicate IP addresses+ Most home routers have server built in+ Can configure router to specify which addresses to assign
– Configure Lease time
• How long a client can keep IP address before renewing
• IP address can change!!!
DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Where is my Server?
I am here! Use 192.168.23.45
I want to use 192.168.23.45
ACK! You are using 192.168.23.45
DHCP Server
DHCP Client
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ More difficult to Maintain + User error can cause
– Duplicate IP’s– Incorrect input
+ Much longer to set up– Must set IP address on all devices, not server centric
+ Why use Static IP’s?– Video Conferencing Units
– NetPoint– Cameras– Media Servers– Virtual controls– Third Party controls using IP – Gateway Routers need to be static
No DHCP server available
Static IP Addressing
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ Link-Local Address+ 169.254.1.0 – 169.254.254.255
– 169.254.0.0 /24 and 169.254.255.0 /24 are reserved
+ No DHCP server available+ Primary configuration method fails+ Not Routable!+ DHCP server lease will override this address configuration
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Addressing
+ IP addressing
+ Networking Ports
+ Network Address Translation
+ Firewalls
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Ports
+ “…an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications endpoint in a computer's host operating system. A port is associated with an IP address of the host, as well as the type of protocol used for communication” (Wikipedia, January 31, 2013).
+ Multiplexing– “Door” to different applications running on a computer
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Ports
+ Network Ports– Specific to an application serving as a communication point in a
computer’s operating system– 16 bits in length– 1 – 65535– UDP or TCP ports– Well Known Ports
• 1 – 1023– 23 = Telnet– 25 = SMTP– 80 = HTTP– 389 = LDAP
10.0.0.4:1720
IP Address Port
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
IP Address Routing
192.168.23.45 - Host
255.255.255.0 – Subnet
192.168.23.1 – Default Gateway
192.168.24.47
Router is my “Post Office”
Checking Routing Table
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Ports
192.168.24.47
Jane Doe192.168.24.47
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Ports
192.168.24.47Jane Doe192.168.24.47
Apartment 1720
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Port examples
Network Port
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Port example
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Ports
Source PortDestination Port
Sent from my Computer
Sent from Yahoo Server
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ IP addressing
+ Networking Ports
+ Network Address Translation
+ Firewalls
IP Addressing
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Address Translation
+ How does my computer with a private IP, communicate on the Internet?– IPv4 provides ~4.3 billion addresses
Many are reserved
– Every device on Internet requires unique address
+ Network Address TranslationNAT (RFC3022)
• Allows router to act as agent between private and public network
– Changes IP information in transit– Allows Enterprise to use one set of IP Addresses internally and another
externally– “Hides” internal IP addresses from outside world
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Address Translation
192.168.23.45
A
B
C192.168.23.47
192.168.23.46
A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.10
B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.11
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.12
216.51.40.10
216.51.70.11
216.51.70.12
+ Static NAT> Mapping Private IP addresses to Public IP addresses
on a one-to-one basis> Address mapping does not change
Private IP Public IP
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Address Translation
192.168.23.45
A
B
C192.168.23.47
192.168.23.46216.51.40.20
216.51.70.67
216.51.70.29
+ Dynamic NAT> Maps internal IPs to a Pool of External IPs> Many-to-Many> Address mapping CAN change
These address’ can change
A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.20
B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.67
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.29
Private IP Public IP
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Network Address Translation
192.168.23.45
A
B
C192.168.23.47
192.168.23.46216.51.40.20:100
216.51.70.67:200
216.51.70.29:300
+ Overloading> Maps many internal IPs to a single external IP> Many-to-One> Port Address Translation
A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.20 100
B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.20 200
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.20 300
Private IP Public IP Port
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ IP addressing
+ Networking Ports
+ Network Address Translation
+ Firewalls
IP Addressing
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Firewalls
+ Firewalls– Software based– Hardware based– Protects private network
+ Packet Filters– Based on IP addresses, Protocols, Port Numbers– Stateful or Stateless
+ Application-Layer– Examines process of data packets– Application Layer Filters
+ Proxies+ Network Address Translation
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Firewall Traversal
Enterprise LANWAN/Internet
DMZ InternalNetwork
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Firewall Traversal
192.168.23.45
A
B
C
192.168.23.47
192.168.23.46
216.51.70.11
216.51.70.12
192.168.23.45:1720
216.51.70.10
216.51.70.10:1720
A 192.168.23.45 Outbound to 216.51.70.10 from port 1720
B 192.168.23.46 Outbound to 216.51.70.11 from port 34562
216.51.70.11:34562192.168.23.46:34562192.168.23.46:21
Denied
Internet
Denied
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
H.323 and Ports
+ Collaborate Video Conferencing Ports – 389 Static TCP LDAP– 1718 Static UDP Gatekeeper discovery– 1719 Static UDP Gatekeeper ,RAS (Registration Admission & Status )– 1720 Static TCP Q.931 (Call Setup)– 1731 Static TCP Audio control– 5004-6004 Dynamic TCP H.245 (Call Parameters)– (5004-5035) Dynamic TCP/UDP H235/RTP– 5004-6004 Dynamic UDP (RTP) Video Data Streams, (RTP) Audio Data Streams, (RTCP)
Control Information– 3000 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 1 service– 3001 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 2 services– 22136 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central - Remote ClearOne Endpoint Admin– 26505 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central - Remote Console Login
Ports to open when using SIP:– 5060 TCP and UDP– 5004 UDP– 10000 UDP (SIP gate service - usually 3478/9)– 16348-32768 UDP (RTP, RTCP multimedia streaming)
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
No Firewall Traversal
VCB
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Firewall traversal without NetPoint
VCB
Open Ports:
1718 – 1719 UDP
1720, 1731 TCP
18100 – 18999 UDP/TCP*
389 TCP
80 TCP
26505, 22136 TCP
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Firewall Traversal with NetPoint
VCB
Server
Open Ports:
15100 TCP
15101 - 102 UDP
389 TCP
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
+ IP addressing
+ Networking Ports
+ Network Address Translation
+ Firewalls
IP Addressing
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Streaming Your Video ConferenceMulticast and Unicast
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Video Conference Streaming
+ Streaming your Video Conference> Cost effective way to get your message to the masses
+ Multicast Streaming– One to many stream– Saves bandwidth– Not enabled over Internet– Requires multicast viewer
+ Unicast Streaming– Many – to – Many– Uses more bandwidth– Can be used over Internet– Requires Windows media player or other compatible viewer
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Multicast Streaming
SWITCH
Source
MulticastStream
I want this service
I want this service
I want this service
One-to-Many
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Multicast Streaming
SWITCH
Source
MulticastStream
1024 Kbps
One-to-Many
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Unicast Streaming
SWITCH
Source
Unicast Stream 1
Unicast Stream 1
Unicast Stream 2 Unicast Stream 2Unicast Stream 3
Unicast Stream 3
Many-to-Many
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Unicast Streaming
SWITCH
Source
Unicast Stream 1
Unicast Stream 1
Unicast Stream 2 Unicast Stream 2Unicast Stream 3
Unicast Stream 3
1024 Kbps
1024 Kbps X 3
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Collaborate Streaming
+ Collaborate Room– Multicast capable
• # of viewers is dependent on network
– Unicast capable• Up to 20 Sstreams
+ Collaborate VCB– Multicast capable
• # of viewers is dependent on network
– Unicast Capable• Up to 50 Streams
+ Collaborate Desktop– Multicast capable
• # of viewers is dependent on network
– Unicast capable• Up to 20 Streams
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Multicast and Unicast Streaming
Source
SWITCHMulticast Streams
LAN
Internet
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Multicast and Unicast Streaming
Source
SWITCHMulticast Streams
LAN
Internet
Unicast Streams
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
Multicast and Unicast Streaming
Source
SWITCH
LAN
Internet
Unicast Streams
©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.
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