2012 annual meeting session 2a ncato
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sessionTRANSCRIPT
NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide
NCSITE ConferenceNovember 15, 2012
Alta Planning + DesignCreating active communities where bicycling and walking are safe, healthy, fun and normal daily activities
www.altaplanning.com
“This is an extraordinary piece of work that’s long overdue. . .” Ray LaHood
City DOTs
Washington D.C.
Atlanta
Austin
Baltimore
Boston
Chicago
Detroit
Houston
Los Angeles
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Portland
San Francisco
Seattle
City DOTs
Arlington
Memphis
Project Review Team
• Six Professional Engineers
• Nine Certified Planners
• Dozens others representing
Public Works, City DOTs,
Traffic and Transportation,
Planning, Engineering
International Design Team
Donald Meeker,Meeker & Associates
Peter Furth, Northeastern University
Arjen Jaarsma, Netherlands
Niels Jensen,City of Copenhagen
Lynn Weigand,IPBI
David Parisi,Parisi Associates
Why a NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide?
Why a NACTO Bikeway Design Guide?
“The purpose of the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide (part of the Cities for Cycling initiative) is to provide cities with state‐of‐the‐practice solutions that can help create complete streets that are safe and enjoyable for bicyclists.”
“Developed by cities for cities, since unique urban streets require innovative solutions”
Expanding the toolkit
To compile treatments in use in the best cycling cities in the world
Dynamic document that captures quickly evolving field
Pre‐2011 Bikeway Design Guidance
Post 2011 Bikeway Design Guidance
NACTO 1st Edition – 2011NACTO 2ND Edition ‐ 2012
AASHTO Update ‐ 2012
NACTO: Accommodate “interested but concerned”
Based on surveys conducted in Portland, OR
Strong and fearless Enthused and confident
“No way, no how” Interested but concerned
Why a NACTO Bikeway Design Guide?
“Interested by concerned” people want to bike where they feel safe, often away from traffic
Portland, New York City, others – Increased bicycle traffic and safety on separated facilities and bike boulevards
Portland, OregonBicycle Boulevard Arterial with/bike lane
3,000 bicycles per day (avg) 450 Bicycles per day (avg)
8 crashes per year (avg) 82 crashes per year (avg)
Data from Roger Geller, City of Portland, Oregon
What is the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide?
A Collection of 30 Innovative Bikeway Designs
BIKE LANES‐Conventional Bike Lanes‐Left‐side Bike Lanes‐Contra‐Flow Bike Lanes‐Buffered Bike Lanes
CYCLE TRACKS‐One‐way Protected Cycle Tracks‐Raised Cycle Tracks‐Two‐way Cycle Tracks
INTERSECTIONS‐Bike Boxes‐Intersection Crossing Markings‐Two‐stage Turn Queue Boxes‐Median Refuge Island‐Through Bike Lanes‐Combined Bike Lane‐Cycle Track Intersection Approach
SIGNALS‐Bicycle Signal Heads‐Signal Acuation and Detection‐Active Warning Beacon for Bike Route at Unsignalized Intersection‐Hybrid Signal for Bike Route Crossing of Major Street
SIGNING & MARKING‐Bike Route Wayfinding Signage and Markings System‐Colored Bike Facilities‐Shared Lane Markings
New Additions for 2012
BIKE LANES‐Conventional Bike Lanes‐Left‐side Bike Lanes‐Contra‐Flow Bike Lanes‐Buffered Bike Lanes
CYCLE TRACKS‐One‐way Protected Cycle Tracks‐Raised Cycle Tracks‐Two‐way Cycle Tracks
INTERSECTIONS‐Bike Boxes‐Intersection Crossing Markings‐Two‐stage Turn Queue Boxes‐Median Refuge Island‐Through Bike Lanes‐Combined Bike Lane‐Cycle Track Intersection Approach
SIGNALS‐Bicycle Signal Heads‐Signal Acuation and Detection‐Active Warning Beacon for Bike Route at Unsignalized Intersection‐Hybrid Signal for Bike Route Crossing of Major Street
SIGNING & MARKING‐Bike Route Wayfinding Signage and Markings System‐Colored Bike Facilities‐Shared Lane Markings
SIGNING & MARKING
‐Colored Bike FacilitiesColored Pavement Material Guidance
BICYCLE BOULEVARDS‐Route Planning‐Signs and Pavement Markings‐Speed Management‐Volume Management‐Minor Street Crossings‐Major Street Crossings‐Offset Intersections‐Green Infrastructure
Treatment Subjects
What is the NACTO Bikeway Design Guide?
What is the NACTO Bikeway Design Guide?
What is the NACTO Bikeway Design Guide?
Only two treatments in NACTO external to FHWA• Bike signals• Bike boxes
Cycle tracksAccording to FHWA…“Cycle tracks are “not a traffic control device”so no MUTCD restriction on its use”
On some elements FHWA says:“Can be implemented at present time if signs and pavement markings that are compliant with the MUTCD are used”
Features of NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide
Online Guide & Slideshows
Case Studies and Sample Drawings
Required, Recommended and Optional
Great Contextual Graphics, User‐Friendly
Features of NACTO Bikeway Design Guide
Cycle Tracks
Intersections
Bike boulevards
Cycle Tracks
One‐Way Protected Cycle Tracks
Raised Cycle Tracks
Two‐way Cycle Tracks
One Way Protected Cycle Tracks – 2012 Edition
Credit: Bikeable Communities
• Decreases stress, increases comfort on high traffic streets
• Left‐side application with bus routes
• Parking lane as protection
• More attractive to bicyclists of all levels
ONE WAY PROTECTED CYCLE TRACK
One way cycle trackLong Beach, CA
Contextual Renderings
RAISED CYCLE TRACK
• Raised to sidewalk‐level or intermediate curb
• Capital Reconstruction Project
• Decrease Sidewalk riding
RAISED CYCLE TRACK
CAMBRIDGE, MA
TWO‐WAY CYCLE TRACK
Two‐way Cycle TrackNEW YORK, NY
Recent NYC safety data…
9th Avenue Cycle Track:• Injuries to all street users down 56%• Injuries to pedestrians down 29%• Injuries to cyclists down 57%• Sidewalk riding down 84%
Grand Street Cycle Track:• Injuries to all street users down 31%• Reportable crashes down 25%• Injuries to pedestrians down 21%• Sidewalk riding down 84%
Recent NYC Safety Data….
Features of NACTO Bikeway Design Guide
Cycle Tracks
• 104 cycle tracks on ground today in United States (doubled from 2011); 200 by end of 2013.
• American Journal for Public Health: Route Infrastructure and the Risk of Injuries to Bicyclists: A Case‐Crossover Study – shows cycle track as safest (actual and perceived)o Protected bike lanes reduce the risk of cyclist injury
by 90% compared to a street with parked cars and no bicycle facilities.
Teschke, K., et al. (2012). Route Infrastructure and the Risk of Injuries to Bicyclists: A Case‐Crossover
Study. American Journal of Public Health 102(12): 2336‐2343.
Memphis, TN
Springdale, AR (part of Razorback Greenway USDOT TIGER grant)
Charlotte, NC3rd Street
INTERSECTIONS
Intersections
Bike Boxes
Intersection Crossing Markings
Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
Median Refuge Island
Through Bike Lanes
Combined Bike Lane/Turn Lane
Cycle TrackIntersection Approach
CYCLE TRACK INTERSECTION APPROACH
Bike Boxes– 2012 Edition
Charlotte, NC
S. Blvd and Carson
Bike Boxes– 2012 Edition
• According to FHWA…“Currently is experimental; more research data is needed before a final decision can be made regarding this application”
INTERSECTION CROSSING MARKINGS
• Increases bicyclist visibility
• More predictable bicycle movements
• Reduces conflicts between motorists and bicyclists
INTERSECTION CROSSING MARKINGS
SEATTLE, WA
VANCOUVER, BC
BICYCLE BOULEVARDS
BICYCLE BOULEVARDS – Not a New Idea!• Albuquerque, NM• Austin, TX (planned)• Arcata, CA (planned)• Berkeley, CA• Columbia, MO• Denver, CO (planned)• Emeryville, CA• Eugene, OR• Long Beach, CA• Madison,WI• Minneapolis, MN
• Nampa, ID• Ocean City, NJ• Palo Alto, CA• Pasadena, CA (planned)• Portland, OR• Salt Lake City, UT (planned)• San Luis Obispo, CA• Seattle, WA• Syracuse, NY (planned)• Tacoma, WA (planned)• Tucson, AZ• Wilmington, NC (1st one in NC)
BICYCLE BOULEVARDS• Streets with low motorized
traffic volumes and speeds, designated and designed to give bicycle travel priority
• Often parallel to major road• Better with connected, grid
street network• Destinations at both ends and
along way ideal• Treatments
– Signs– Pavement markings– Speed and volume management
measures– Safe bicycle crossings of arterial
streets
Ann Street, Wilmington, NC
Bicycle Boulevards – Signing and Marking
Bicycle Boulevards – Speed Management
Bicycle Boulevards – Volume Management
Bicycle Boulevards – Minor Intersections
Signals
Bicycle Signal Heads
Signal Detection and Actuation
Active Warning Beacon for Bike Route at UnsignalizedIntersection
Hybrid Signal for Bike Route Crossing of a Major Street
Colored Pavement Material Guidance
Using the Guide
Use the guide as a day-to-day resourceShare it with your colleagues
Integrate into Road Design Manuals
Reference the guide as part of your Complete Streets Policy
Complementary Uses
EXTRAS
• Increases visibility
• Mitigates risk of right or left hook conflict
• Parking removal near intersection
• Transition to mixing zone or parallel to turn lane
CYCLE TRACK INTERSECTION APPROACH
NEW YORK, NY
Two Stage Turn Queue Boxes – 2012 Edition
• Facilitates safe left or right turn
• Typically used with cycle tracks
• Used when merging is not an option or potentially dangerous
TWO‐STAGE TURN QUEUE
OTTAWA, CA
• Prevents “Right Hook” collisions
• Gives bicyclists priority at signalized intersections
• Clears intersection of cyclists quickly
BIKE BOX
SAN FRANCISCO
Baltimore, MD
SIGNALS
BICYCLE SIGNAL HEADS
Long Beach, CA
SIGNAL ACTUATION & DETECTION
4 Types
• Loop
• Video
• Push‐Button
• Microwave
SIGNAL ACTUATION & DETECTION
ACTIVE WARNING BEACON
• User‐actuated amber flashing lights
• Actuated by detection or push button
• Hybrid Bicycle‐Pedestrian use
ACTIVE WARNING BEACON
BOULDER, CO
HYBRID SIGNAL
• More flexible than traditional signalized intersections for bicycle crossings
• Especially useful for bike boulevard crossings
Hybrid Signal
PORTLAND, OR
Through Bike Lane – 2012 Edition